RU2244246C2 - Armor-piercing bullet - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: bullet of cartridges use for long-range fire from sniper's rifles for hitting the enemy quipped with individual protection, located behind shelters or in fortified firing posts (permanent firing posts, machine-gun nests), as well as for destruction of light-armored fighting and auxiliary equipment.

SUBSTANCE: the bullet has an envelope with a slug and a jacket located in it. The novelty in the bullet is the fact that the surface of lug nose section l_n is conjugate to the inner surface of envelope l in section l = 0.8…0.83d_b, where d_b- the maximum diameter of the bullet. The beginning of the conjugation is at the base of the slug nose section and has d_l=0.83…0.84d_b, and the end of the conjugation has d₂= 0.46…0.61d_b. The length of the tail tapered section makes up l_t=0.47…0.61d_b, and the slug mass makes up m_s= 0.61…0.68m_b, where m_b- the bullet mass.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of fire due to improved close grouping of shots and piercing effect.

Description

The invention relates to bullets for cartridges used for firing at long ranges from sniper rifles to defeat an enemy equipped with personal protective equipment located behind shelters or at fortified firing points (pillboxes, machine gun nests), as well as for destroying lightly armored combat and auxiliary equipment.

An armor-piercing bullet is known (see V.M. Kirillov, V.M.Sabelnikov. Small arms cartridges. M., Central Research Institute of Information, 1980, p. 114, Fig. 57c), containing a shell in which an armor-piercing core with lead is placed a shirt. Armor-piercing core has a head part made in an arc with a radius of 1.5 ... 2.0 of the core diameter. The bullet has sufficient penetration, but has a relatively low accuracy of the battle (large dispersion). This is due to a change in the location of the center of mass of individual cores in both axial and radial directions. Since the core is fixed in the shell with the plastic material (lead) of the shirt, it can move both during the installation of the bullet and during its movement along the rifling of the barrel of the weapon.

Taken as a prototype as having the largest number of common features with the proposed solution, the known armor-piercing bullet (RF patent No. 2133441).

This bullet has a better accuracy of the battle compared to the previous counterpart. It contains a shell with steel and lead cores placed therein. The steel core is made of high-strength steel with a hardness of NKSe of at least 60 units, and the head of the core is made in the form of a cone with an angle at the apex of 50-90 ° and a length of 0.2-0.8 caliber bullets.

The disadvantages of this bullet are:

- low penetration due to the small relative (the ratio of the mass of the core to the mass of the bullet) weight of the steel core due to its small geometric dimensions;

- a relatively high recoil momentum due to the presence of a lead core that increases the total mass of the bullet;

- the complication of production relative to the standard due to the need for selective selection of the constituent elements of the bullet and lots of gunpowder for the assembly of cartridges;

- the need to adjust the sights of standard weapons. To compensate for the decrease in the flight speed of the bullet, due to its relatively large mass, it is necessary to increase the pressure of the powder gases during the shot, which leads to an excess of the trajectory over the standard one, and therefore reduces the likelihood of hitting the target.

The task of the invention is to increase the efficiency of shooting. Its implementation will be provided by increasing the breakdown action of the bullet by increasing the relative mass of the core, as well as improving the accuracy of firing by ensuring centering (fixing) of the core in the shell at a certain (optimal) length and reducing the recoil momentum by reducing the mass of the bullet.

The proposed bullet is shown in the drawing, a section along the axis.

The bullet contains a shell 1, in which the core 2 and the shirt 3 are placed. The shirt 3 can be made of metal based on lead or aluminum. The core 2 is made of high-strength steel, for example steel U12A, and has a head part l _g , a leading cylindrical part l _in and a tail conical part l _x . The surface of the head part l _{g of the} core is conjugated with the inner surface of the shell 1 in the area l = 0.8 ... 0.83d _p , where d _p is the maximum diameter of the bullet. Moreover, the beginning of the pairing is located at the base of the head of the core 2 and has d ₁ = 0.83 ... 0.84d _p , The end of the pairing has d ₂ = 0.46 ... 0.61d _p .

The length of the tail of the conical is l _x = 0.47 ... 0.61d _p .

The mass of the core is m _s = 0.61 ... 0.68m _p , where m _p is the mass of the bullet.

The initial diameter d ₁ and the final diameter d _{2 of the} interface of the head part are selected taking into account the tolerances on the dimensions of the core 2 and the cavity of the shell 1 at the place of landing of the core.

If these relationships are violated, the core will not be accurately oriented relative to the axis of the bullet, which will lead to a deterioration in the accuracy of fire, i.e. to increase dispersion.

The length l = 0.8 ... _n 0,83d interface chosen as the minimum possible, starting from the head portion sized l _{g of} the core. With its increase, the accuracy of the core landing in the shell improves, but the center of gravity of the bullet moves to the warhead, which in turn leads to a deterioration in accuracy.

The length of the tail conical part l _x = 0.47 ... 0.61d _{p was} established by calculation and experimentally confirmed as optimal. With an increase in the length of the tail part l _x , the center of gravity of the bullet shifts forward to the head part, which increases the dispersion. In addition, the length of the leading part is reduced, which complicates the alignment of the bullet when moving along the barrel. Reducing the tail length worsens the ballistic characteristics of the bullet, i.e. increases the drop in flight speed, which negatively affects penetration.

The mass of the armor-piercing core is m _s = 0.61 ... 0.68m _p . This value is established experimentally and is optimal. An increase in core mass increases the breakdown effect, but inevitably leads to an increase in the recoil momentum, i.e. deterioration in the ergonomics of weapons, which in turn leads to a deterioration in firing accuracy and a reduction in combat rate of fire. The decrease in mass reduces the penetration of the bullet, because The kinetic energy of a bullet is directly proportional to its mass.

Lead shirt 3 is located on the leading and tail of the bullet. This arrangement allows to minimize the deviation of the center of gravity of the bullet from the axis during assembly, since the main alignment of the core in the shell has already been made at the interface l. In addition, in the case of using lead-based metal as a shirt material, the center of gravity of the bullet is additionally shifted back to the tail, which improves the accuracy of fire.

This arrangement and element ratios were selected experimentally in the manufacture and testing of prototypes of 12.7 mm cartridges. This combination provides high penetration and accuracy of the battle. Since the mass of the bullet is reduced relative to the prototype, there is no need to increase the pressure of the powder gases and, consequently, the recoil momentum is reduced, which improves the ergonomic characteristics of the weapon, favorably affects the accuracy of fire and combat rate of fire.

The cartridge with a bullet works as follows. Under the pressure of powder gases, the bullet begins to crash into the grooves of the barrel of the weapon. In this case, the bullet and its parts receive significant axial and radial loads. Due to the proposed fixation of the armor-piercing core, its displacement inside the shell in the axial and radial direction is minimal. Further, moving along the barrel, the bullet additionally receives a load in the form of torque, which increases with increasing speed and becomes maximum at the moment of passage of the muzzle. The bullet speed is also maximum. The deviation of the real trajectory of the bullet from the calculated one will be the smaller, the smaller the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When a bullet hits the target, due to the large relative mass, the core breaks through the defense and hits the target. The shooter, who was not exposed to a large recoil momentum, has the ability to quickly prepare for the next shot.

Thus, the advantage of the proposed bullet in relation to the prototype is a higher efficiency by increasing the probability of hitting the target and penetration.

Claims (1)

Armor-piercing projectile comprising a shell arranged therein armor-piercing core, the surface of the head portion which is associated with the inner surface of the shell, characterized in that the surface of the head part l _z core conjugate with the inner surface of the shell l at a portion _p l = 0,8-0,83d where d _p - the maximum diameter of the bullet, the beginning of the pairing is located at the base of the head of the core and has d ₁ = 0.83-0.84d _p , and the end of the pairing has d ₂ = 0.46-0.61d _p , the length conical tail portion is l _x = 0,47-0,61d _n and core weight with nent m _c = 0,61-0,68m _n, where _n m - mass of the bullet.