RU2809501C1 - Small arms cartridge with increased penetration - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: small arms cartridges with increased penetration. The cartridge contains a cartridge case with an igniter primer, a propellant charge, and a bullet with an armour-piercing core. The length of the cartridge is from 55 to 63 mm, the cartridge case is bottle-shaped, its body is made with a taper of 1.0-1.5° and has the following geometric dimensions, mm: length 39.5-42.5; flange diameter 10.7-10.9; the diameter of the body at the slope is 10.1-10.4; The diameter of the barrel is 6.6-6.9, while the internal free volume of the sleeve is at least 1.9 cm³. A bullet with an armour-piercing core has an elongated ogival head part equal to 2.5-3.5 calibres, a cylindrical part equal to 0.8-1.5 calibres, and a tail part made in the form of a truncated cone, while the length of the bullet ranges from 3 .4 to 5.5 calibres, and its mass ranges from 4.5 to 8.0 g.

EFFECT: creation of a low-pulse intermediate cartridge for small arms with improved external ballistic characteristics, and performance in terms of penetration of the elements of personal armour protection of a person while maintaining a comfortable recoil impulse and weapon dimensions.

2 cl, 4 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to small arms cartridges intended for guaranteed destruction of enemy personnel protected and not protected by individual means of armor protection at distances of up to 300 meters, as well as those located in lightly armored and unarmored vehicles.

With the development of personal armor protection (PIB), a situation has arisen where standard-caliber intermediate cartridges in service with the Russian Federation are insufficiently effective in defeating enemy personnel protected by the latest generation of PIB. The lack of effectiveness is due to limitations associated with the geometric dimensions of existing calibers and the impossibility of creating new ammunition with external and internal ballistics values different from standard ammunition.

A 7.62 mm centerfire rifle cartridge is known - “300 Ruger” - containing a cartridge case having a bottom with a flange, a body extending from the bottom tapering to the barrel slope, the body has a straight outer surface without protruding parts and has a maximum diameter suitable to operate within the confines of a standard valve, with the body having a maximum diameter of 0.524 to 0.532 inches; and also the cartridge has a total length from 2.715 to 2.840 inches [Description of the invention to US patent No. 8443729 dated February 22, 2007, N. class. 102/464,102/430, publ. 05/21/2013].

Also known is a 9.50 mm centerfire rifle cartridge - “375 Ruger” - containing a cartridge case having a bottom with a flange, a body extending from the bottom tapering to the barrel slope, the body has a straight outer surface without protruding parts and has a maximum diameter, suitable for operation within the confines of a standard valve body having a maximum diameter greater than or equal to 0.524 inches; and the cartridge has an overall length of less than or equal to 2.84 inches [see there - US patent No. 8443729].

Real rifle cartridges provide guaranteed penetration of armor protection. This requires a targeted, usually single shot. However, when performing assault operations, preference is given not to rifles, but to individual automatic weapons with low-pulse cartridges.

A small arms cartridge is known, predominantly of 9 mm caliber, containing a bullet, a powder charge, an igniter primer, and a cartridge case with the following size ratios: body diameter at the flange 1.21-1.28 d; bottle capacity of the case body is 1.1-1.15; the length of the sleeve slope is 0.17-0.18 d, where d is the bullet caliber, while the loading density of the powder charge in the cartridge is 0.61-1.2 g/cm ³ , and the bullet weight coefficient is 14-32 g/cm ³ [Description of the invention to the RF patent No. 2138761 dated March 25, 1998, IPC F42B 5/02, publ. 09/27/1999]. The invention improves the ballistic characteristics of the 9×39 mm cartridge and increases the power of small-sized A-91 and “Vikhr” assault rifles in terms of the bullet’s penetrating and lethal effect, as well as in terms of direct shot range and accuracy of fire. The indicated ratios of parameters make it possible to develop a hunting cartridge that is significantly superior in its characteristics to the 7.62×39 mm hunting cartridge.

When using real ammunition in automatic weapons for dynamic combat, uncomfortable recoil will be obtained, which will significantly reduce the declared characteristics of accuracy and shooting accuracy.

A 5.56 mm caliber cartridge is known, widely used in NATO countries, containing a bullet having a jacket, a heat-strengthened steel core and a lead jacket, a cartridge case with an igniter primer without an anvil and a propellant powder charge, while the bullet has first and second driving belts, and the cartridge is made with a bullet length of 4.44...4.6d, with a core length of 3.72...3.9d, with a width of the first driving belt of 0.31...0.59d, with a width of the second driving belt of 0.5...0.8d , with a bullet head ogive radius of 7.73...8.45d, with a bullet tail length of 0.61...0.77d, with a bullet weight coefficient of 15.45...16.68 g/cm ³ , with a loading density of 0.88 …0.96 g/cm ³ , with an internal sleeve volume of 1.9…2.0 cm ³ , with a sleeve wall thickness at a distance of 1.44d from the end 0.1…0.14d, at a distance of 2.52d from the end - 0.08…0.1 Id, at a distance of 4.5d from the end - 0.04…0.08d, where d is the caliber of the bullet [Description of invention to RF patent No. 2206052 dated 06/18/2001, IPC F42B 5/02, F42B 12/04, publ. 06/10/2003 Bulletin. No. 16]. The ammunition provides an increase in the effectiveness of defeating manpower protected by personal armor protection and unarmored vehicles.

This ammunition has not found practical use in the law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation, including due to the presence of two leading belts in the design of the bullet, which significantly complicate its manufacturing technology.

An intermediate 5.45-mm cartridge with an armor-piercing bullet (index 7N39) is known, containing a bullet having a shell, a core consisting of a head and tail, and a lead jacket, a steel sleeve with an igniter primer and a propellant powder charge, while the length of the bullet equal to (3.52-4.60)d, the length of the bullet core is equal to (2.36-3.48)d, and the core is made of a hard alloy containing tungsten carbide by weight 85-96%, having an HRA hardness of at least 85.0 units, the bending strength is not less than 2000MPa, the head part of the core is made of a cone shape, the length of which is equal to (0.52-2.41)d, the tail part has the shape of a cylinder, or a truncated cone, or a cylinder and a truncated cone connected to each other, wherein the smaller diameter of the truncated cone is equal to (0.69-0.86)d, the larger diameter of the truncated cone of the tail part is equal to the diameter of the cylinder and the diameter of the head part of the core and is equal to (0.70-0.86)d, and the length of the shank cylinder is equal to ( 0.01-3.58)d, where d is the diameter of the bullet caliber, the surface of the core, completely or partially, has a roughness of no more than Ra 1.6, and the mass of the core is equal to (0.34-0.62) the mass of the bullet [Description of the invention to RF patent No. 2438092 dated 07/09/2010, IPC F42B 5/02, F42B 30/02, publ. 12/27/2011]. The cartridge provides a guaranteed defeat of manpower placed in lightly armored military equipment and openly located in body armor.

This design of ammunition solves the problem of the armor-piercing effect of intermediate cartridges at contact distances significantly shorter (more than 4 times) than the direct shot range of a 5.45 mm caliber cartridge, which is the main intermediate caliber of the Russian Federation. However, all the advantages of this cartridge are associated with the special design of the bullet. In addition, intermediate cartridges of 5.45 mm caliber have limited modernization potential due to the small free volume of the cartridge case and the small dimensions of the bullet itself, which makes it impossible to use heavier cores with better armor penetration characteristics. This suggests that the 5.45mm caliber is approaching its parametric limit.

The problem solved by the present invention and the achieved technical result are to create a low-pulse intermediate cartridge for small arms with increased penetration of a new conventionally small caliber with increased external ballistic characteristics and characteristics of the penetration range of elements of personal armor protection of a person while maintaining a comfortable recoil impulse and dimensions of the weapon, as well as for destruction enemy manpower in lightly armored and unarmored vehicles.

To solve the problem and achieve the stated technical result, a cartridge of small arms with increased penetration contains a cartridge case with an igniter primer, a propellant charge and a bullet with an armor-piercing core, while the length of the cartridge ranges from 55 to 63 mm, the cartridge case has a bottle shape, its body is made with taper 1.0-1.5° and has the following geometric dimensions, mm:

length 39.5-42.5 flange diameter 10.7-10.9 diameter of the body at the slope 10.1-10.4 barrel diameter 6.6-6.9,

in this case, the internal free volume of the sleeve is at least 1.9 cm ³ , and the bullet with an armor-piercing core has an elongated ogival head part equal to 2.5-3.5 calibers, a cylindrical part equal to 0.8-1.5 calibers, and a tail section made in the form of a truncated cone, while the length of the bullet ranges from 3.4 to 5.5 calibers, and its mass ranges from 4.5 to 8.0 g.

In addition to this, the preferred cartridge caliber is 6.02mm.

The invention is illustrated by drawings and graphs, where:

- figure 1 shows a general view of a small arms cartridge with increased penetration;

- figure 2 is a general view of a typical armor-piercing bullet of the cartridge of figure 1;

- figure 3 shows graphs of bullet speeds of the proposed and existing standard cartridges at a distance;

- figure 4 - graphs of bullet energies of the proposed and existing standard cartridges at a distance.

A small arms cartridge with increased penetration contains a cartridge case 1 with an igniter primer 2, a propellant charge 3 and a bullet 4 with an armor-piercing core 5. The length of such a cartridge ranges from 55 to 63 mm, while the case 1 has a bottle shape, its body 6 is made with a taper 1 ,0-1.5° and sleeve 1 as a whole has the following geometric dimensions, mm:

length 39.5-42.5 flange diameter 7 10.7-10.9 body diameter 6 at slope 8 10.1-10.4 barrel diameter 9 6.6-6.9,

in this case, the internal free volume of the sleeve 1 is the so-called the volume for equipping the cartridge with propellant charge 3 is at least 1.9 cm ³ .

The small arms cartridge uses a bullet 4 with an armor-piercing core 5, having an elongated ogival head part 10 equal to 2.5-3.5 calibers, a cylindrical part 11 equal to 0.8-1.5 calibers, and a tail part 12 made in in the form of a truncated cone, while the length of bullet 4 ranges from 3.4 to 5.5 calibers, and its mass ranges from 4.5 to 8.0 g.

The preferred caliber of such a cartridge is 6.02 mm.

Let us analyze the essential features of the technical solution.

The length of a small arms cartridge with increased penetration less than 55 mm does not allow placing in it the necessary components that provide increased external ballistic characteristics and characteristics of the penetration range of armor protection elements, and a length of more than 63 mm increases the recoil impulse, making it uncomfortable, which also affects the accuracy of the shot.

The bottle shape of the cartridge case 1 is the most preferable for creating an increased initial velocity of the bullet 4, and the taper of the cartridge case 1 of 1.0-1.5° ensures its smooth removal from the barrel after shooting the bullet 4 without jamming.

In this case, the length of the cartridge case 1 is less than 39.5 mm, which does not allow the necessary propellant charge 3 to be placed inside it, and a length greater than 42.5 mm will lead to excessive consumption of its powder component.

The diameter of the flange 7 of the cartridge case 1 is less than 10.7 mm, complicates the design of the mechanism for its ejection after shooting or reduces the reliability of the operation of this mechanism, and a diameter of more than 10.9 mm unreasonably increases its weight and, accordingly, the internal volume.

The diameter of the case body 6 of the cartridge case 8 is less than 10.1 mm, which increases its “bottle quality”, which removes part of the required pressure of the powder gases from the bottom of the bullet 4 and redistributes it to the inner walls of the case 6 of the cartridge case 1, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the initial flight speed bullet 4, its external ballistic characteristics and, as a consequence, armor-piercing action, and a diameter of more than 10.4 mm complicates the operation of weapon automation, due to the small taper of the body 6 of the cartridge case 1 and can lead to undesirable phenomena when firing a weapon, such as non-ejection of the spent cartridge case, etc. .

The diameter of the barrel 9 of the cartridge case 1 is less than 6.6 mm, which reduces the caliber of the bullet 4, which reduces its performance characteristics, and the diameter greater than 6.9 mm increases the caliber, which ultimately leads to an increase in the recoil impulse of the weapon.

The internal free volume of the sleeve 1 is less than 1.9 cm ³ does not allow placing there the propellant charge 3 necessary to obtain the power of the cartridge, providing guaranteed increased external ballistic characteristics and characteristics of the penetration range of armor protection elements.

The bullet 4 used in a small arms cartridge with increased penetration with a standard armor-piercing core 5 has an elongated ogive head part 10. If it is less than 2.5 calibers, then this increases air resistance, and if it is more than 3.5 calibers, then the probability of deviation increases excessively “sharp” bullet 4 upon contact with an obstacle located at an angle.

Making the cylindrical part 11 of a bullet 4 less than 0.8 caliber reduces the stability of the ballistic characteristics at the exit of the weapon barrel, and making it more than 1.5 caliber increases barrel wear and reduces its initial velocity.

Making the tail part 12 of the bullet 4 in the form of a truncated cone, tapering towards the rear end, ensures that the armor-piercing core with the jacket 13 (if any) is retained in the shell 14 without dismantling the bullet 4 from the influence of inertial loads when it moves along the bore during the shot, and also allows you to increase the length of the direct shot by reducing air turbulence at the rear end of the 15 bullet 4.

As a result, the length of bullet 4 should be from 3.4 to 5.5 calibers. A length of less than 3.4 calibers will reduce the size and weight of the armor-piercing core 5, which will not provide the required flight range of the bullet 4 to a target located at the maximum distance, and a length of 5.5 calibers will lead to an excessive reduction in the free volume of the sleeve 1, which will not allow placing sufficient the amount of propellant charge 3 to ensure the optimal flight speed of the bullet 4 and its external ballistic characteristics, and, as a result, will lead to a decrease in the likelihood of hitting the enemy when it hits the protection, be it a body armor or external elements of various technical means, incl. lightly armored.

The mass of bullet 4 lies in the range from 4.5 to 8.0 g. If the mass is less than 4.5 g, then its impact impulse will not provide the stated technical result, and if it is more than 8.0 g, then this will require the use of special more 3 powerful propelling charges in the ammunition, which will be the next stage in its development and further improvement.

Thus, a real small arms cartridge with increased penetration should occupy a niche between 5.45 mm and 7.62 mm ammunition. Compared to the former, it has clearly increased external ballistic characteristics and penetration range characteristics of protection elements, and compared to the latter, more comfortable recoil, significantly smaller dimensions and weight of the weapon used.

As for the preferred caliber of such a cartridge, it was decided to settle on a fixed size - 6.02 mm.

However, it may turn out that the caliber of the cartridge will change in one direction or another, and yet the geometric and other parameters of the ammunition will remain within the above limits while maintaining its declared characteristics.

The cartridge's capabilities are implemented as follows.

When the igniter capsule 2 is broken, the propellant charge 3 ignites. The expanding powder gases act on the bottom of the bullet 4, and it begins to move with acceleration along the rifled bore, acquiring a relative rotational motion. The high initial and subsequent speeds of the bullet 4, together with its rotation around the longitudinal axis, provide a flatter flight path profile, which increases the range of a direct shot. The rationally chosen geometry of the bullet 4 and its mass ensure the preservation of high kinetic energy in front of the target with the subsequent transfer of this energy to the armor-piercing core 5, including one that has the simplest, and, therefore, the most technologically advanced form.

Under such conditions, maximum destruction of the target is ensured.

To confirm the superior level of technology, a complex of experimental work was carried out with the following results, which are summarized in the table.

The speed and energy of bullet 4, the proposed small arms cartridge with increased penetration, in comparison with standard ammunition used in the Russian Federation, is shown in the graphs of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, respectively.

As can be seen, the present invention overcomes the limitations of the prior art by creating an intermediate small arms cartridge with increased penetration of central ignition of a new caliber of 6.02 mm, the overall dimensions of which allow it to be classified as intermediate cartridges of a relatively small caliber, which makes it possible to use it in automatic weapons, for example, in Kalashnikov assault rifles.

As a result of the use of the invention, a low-pulse intermediate cartridge of small arms with increased penetration of a new conventionally small caliber was created with increased external ballistic characteristics and characteristics of the penetration range of elements of armored personal protection of a person, also intended to defeat enemy personnel located in lightly armored and unarmored vehicles, while maintaining comfortable recoil impulse and dimensions of small arms.

Claims (4)

1. A cartridge of small arms with increased penetration, containing a cartridge case with an igniter primer, a propellant charge and a bullet with an armor-piercing core, characterized in that the length of the cartridge is from 55 to 63 mm, the cartridge case has a bottle shape, and its body is made with a taper of 1, 0-1.5° and has the following geometric dimensions, mm: length 39.5-42.5 flange diameter 10.7-10.9 diameter of the body at the slope 10.1-10.4 barrel diameter 6.6-6.9, in this case, the internal free volume of the sleeve is at least 1.9 cm ³ , and the bullet with an armor-piercing core has an elongated ogive head equal to 2.5-3.5 calibers, a cylindrical part equal to 0.8-1.5 calibers, and tail section, made in the form of a truncated cone, while the length of the bullet ranges from 3.4 to 5.5 calibers, and its mass ranges from 4.5 to 8.0 g. 2. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that its caliber is 6.02 mm.