RU2500976C1 - Spigot clustered "toropa" grenade for hand grenade launcher for hitting helicopters - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: spigot clustered grenade comprises gage part with propulsor and igniter, spigot clustered fire part with explosive charge, path fuse and metallic hitting unit arranged there ahead. Metallic hitting unit is composed by a round plate with recesses extruded therein to face explosive charge by their vertices. Said fuse represents a contactless rage-finder component. Plate recesses are shaped to ball segment. Spigot fire part diameter relates to calibre part diameter as 3…5.4.

EFFECT: higher hitting efficiency.

5 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ammunition, and more specifically to a supercaliber beam grenade hand grenade launcher.

The grenade described in [1] (Fig. 7.10) and adopted as a prototype of the invention contains a caliber part with a propelling charge and an ignition means, located in front of it a supercaliber beam warhead with an explosive charge made in the form of a flat disk perpendicular to the axis of the grenade , a temporary fuse and a metal striking unit made in the form of a round plate with hemispherical recesses extruded on it, facing the vertices to the explosive charge, between the fuse and the charge explosive is a plane wave generator, the ratio of the diameter of the caliber part to the diameter of the caliber part is in the range 1.4 ... 1.8.

This grenade is adopted as a prototype of the invention.

At present, fundamentally new requirements have been put forward for infantry hand grenade launchers for the possibility of their use for combating low-flying air targets, primarily combat helicopters.

In light of these requirements, obvious disadvantages of the prototype are identified. These primarily include the following:

- a temporary fuse, as a rule, satisfying the requirements when firing at a fixed target, is unsuitable when firing at a moving air target due to the possible significant displacement of the target after flight time is introduced into the fuse before the gap;

- the fundamental possibility of hitting a combat helicopter with typical masses and grenade sizes of hand grenade launchers is not substantiated, first of all, the required mass range of the striking element (explosive-formed bullet) formed from the recess of the plate (explosive-formed bullet - VF-bullet) is not determined;

- the specified value of the ratio of the diameter of the caliber part to the diameter of the caliber part within 1.4 ... 1.8 is not sufficient to ensure a high probability of helicopter damage;

- the diagram shown in Fig.7 [1], does not provide the desired angle of spread of the bullet beam, providing coverage of an air target;

- there is no fairing on the warhead, which reduces the firing range.

It should also be noted that in [1] there was an inaccuracy in the description of the shape of the recess, namely, it was defined as hemispherical. In fact, in the vast majority of cases, the recess has the shape of a spherical segment [2].

The present invention addresses these drawbacks.

The technical solution consists in the fact that the fuse is designed as a non-contact type "range finder", the recesses are made in the form of a spherical segment, the ratio of the diameter of the caliber warhead to the diameter of the caliber part is increased to 3 ... 4, 5, the main parameters of the explosive bullets (WF bullets) are determined and the proportions of the meniscus grooves, the warhead is equipped with a conical fairing of large elongation, an embodiment of the warhead with overhead perforated plates of a given crushing is introduced.

Illustrations: FIG. 1 is a general view of the proposed grenade for an RPG-7 grenade launcher, FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the warhead, FIG. 3 is a configuration of a segmented recess, FIG. 4 is a configuration of a striking unit in the case of application of overhead fragmentation plates, FIG. 5 - execution of patch plates with ready-to-use striking elements; FIG. 6 is an example of a plane wave generator (plane detonation wave generator); FIG. 7 is a grenade action diagram; FIG. 8 is a front view full-size plate with recesses (example).

A general view of a grenade with a supercaliber beam warhead is shown in FIG. 1. The grenade is shown in flight after the combustion of the starting powder charge and the opening of the stabilizer. The grenade contains the following main parts: 1 - head conical fairing, 2 - beam warhead, 3 - non-contact fuse of the "Rangefinder" type, 4 - jet engine with nozzle block 5, 6 - rod with an expanding stabilizer 7 mounted on it and a turbine 8. Figure 1 presents a grenade with the ratio of the diameters of the supercaliber and caliber parts d _bch / d _st = 4.

Figure 2 presents a section of the beam warhead of the grenade. The warhead, made in the form of a flat disk, consists of a casing 9 containing an explosive charge (BB) 10, at the front end of which there is a metal striking unit 11 in the form of a plate with extruded segmented depressions on it, facing the vertices to the explosive charge.

At the rear end of the explosive charge is a detonator 12 connected to the fuse 3. On the surface of the housing is an antenna 13 connected by a conductor (not shown in FIG. 2) to the fuse. The plate is made of steel or a heavy alloy based on tungsten or tantalum.

Figure 3 shows the configuration of a segmented recess.

Significant enhancement of the action of the grenade can be achieved by manufacturing a striking unit in the form of a set of plates, while the plate adjacent to the explosive charge is made with meniscus recesses, and the remaining (patch) plates 14 are made with through holes whose diameter is equal to the diameter d of the meniscus recess and the location of which coincides with the location of the recesses (figure 4). In this case, it is possible to use both overhead plates of natural crushing, made mainly of high-fragmentation steels, for example, steel 80C2 [3], and plates of a given crushing or plate 15 containing ready-made damaging elements (Fig. 5). In this case, the GGE can be made of steel or heavy alloys based on tungsten or tantalum.

Figure 6 shows the design of the beam warhead using a plane wave generator consisting of a convex shock plate 16 and an explosive charge 17 tossing it.

The scheme of action of the grenade is presented in Fig.7. At the moment of launching the grenade, an electronic circuit of a proximity fuse of the "rangefinder" type is turned on. When the grenade approaches the helicopter at a calculated distance U, the fuse gives a command to detonate the warhead. When a detonation wave falls on the meniscus surface, it is compressed with the formation of a high-speed bullet of the VFP (the term EFP-explosiveryformedprojectile is used in foreign literature). A bunch of bullets covers the helicopter, providing penetration of lightly armored compartments, including the cockpit and engines, as well as ensuring the destruction of the rotor blades. If it gets into the ammunition located on the external suspension of the helicopter, their detonation can be caused.

When using the design of FIGS. 4, 5 with overhead plates during blasting, they are crushed to form, in addition to the WFT beam, a beam of small fragments capable of defeating unarmored helicopter compartments.

The execution of the beam warhead with a plane-wave generator significantly improves the conditions for the explosive formation of a bullet. Methods of execution of generators are described in [1]. Under the action of the design shown in Fig. 5, the detonator gives an impulse to detonate the charge 17, which throws the plate 16. In the process of movement, the plate straightens, acquiring the shape of a flat disk. The disk strikes the rear surface of the explosive charge 10, exciting a plane detonation wave in it.

An increase in the diameter of the over-caliber part will lead to an increase in air resistance during flight and, as a result, to a decrease in the firing range. However, for RPG grenades, given the subsonic mode of their flight, this will not lead to unacceptable consequences. The calculation of the trajectories was carried out using tables of external ballistics [4]. Input values in them are the initial grenade speed V _о , throwing angle Θ _о and ballistic coefficient с. The latter is determined

$$\mathrm{FROM}=\frac{i{d}^2}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="10"\; label="Q"\; filenames="00000009.png,00000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Q</figure-callout>}}10$$

Here i is the grenade shape coefficient;

d - caliber, dm;

Q - weight, kg.

As a base shot taken TBG-7V to RPG-7 grenade launcher (barrel caliber d _barrel = 40 mm, weight 4.5 kg).

Accepted:

The diameter of the over-caliber part d = 150 mm = 4.5 dm (the ratio of d _bch / d _st = 3.75);

Grenade mass on flight Q = 3 kg;

The grenade shape coefficient i = 0.8 (aerodynamic shape is favorable).

As a result, we get

$$\mathrm{FROM}=\frac{0.8\cdot {\mathrm{1,5}}^2}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="10"\; label="Q"\; filenames="00000009.png,00000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Q</figure-callout>}}10=6$$

Taking the initial velocity of the grenade U _о = 250 m / s, the throw angle Θ _о = 5 °, according to [4] (p. 11) we obtain a maximum firing range of 846 m, which is quite sufficient for weapons of this class.

может составлять 15...20 мм при величине уязвимой площади S_ц=l…2 м².The parameters of the AFP are determined by the characteristics of the targets, i.e. combat helicopters. Modern combat helicopters have high survivability. According to various estimates, the maximum value of the steel equivalent $$h_{\mathrm{from}t}^{\mathrm{uh}}$$

may be 15 ... 20 mm with the size of the vulnerable area S_c= l ... 2 m².

The speed required to hit the target (through penetration limit V _PSP steel equivalent), according to [2] for a steel bullet is determined by the formula

$$V_{P\mathrm{from}P}=\frac{155h_{\mathrm{from}t}^{\mathrm{uh}}\Phi }{m^{\raisebox{1ex}{$\mathrm{one}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$3$}\right.}}$$

, мм, m, г.V _PSP , m / s; $$h_{\mathrm{from}t}^{\mathrm{uh}}$$

, mm, m, g

M is the mass of the bullet, Φ is the shape parameter of the bullet.

=20 мм, Φ=1,5, получаемAt $$h_{\mathrm{from}t}^{\mathrm{uh}}$$

= 20 mm, Φ = 1.5, we obtain

$$V_{P\mathrm{from}P}=\frac{4650}{m^{\raisebox{1ex}{$\mathrm{one}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$3$}\right.}}$$

The value of V _PSP for various values of m are presented in the table

m, g 2 four 6 8 10 12 fourteen U _PSP
m / s 3690 2925 2555 2325 2165 2030 1930

The mass of an explosively formed bullet (VFP) is defined as

$$m=\frac{\pi }{\mathrm{four}}{\delta }_d{d}^3{\gamma }_0$$

Here d is the diameter of the meniscus cavity (figure 3);

- относительная толщина пластины; $${\delta }_d=\frac{{\delta }_0}{d}$$

- relative thickness of the plate;

δ ₀ - plate thickness;

γ ₀ is the density of the plate material (for steel γ ₀ = 7.85 g / cm ³ ).

When calculating the optimal parameters of the warhead, a grenade for a standard RPG-7 grenade launcher with a diameter of the caliber part of 40 mm was selected as the supporting structure. The calculations were carried out using the dependences for the speed of throwing the plate [2], the exponential law of the attenuation of the velocity of the bullet in flight and the ratio to the probability of hitting the target

W ₁ = l-exp (-PS _c )

P - bullet density in the circle of target coverage.

As a result of the calculations, the following ranges were determined for the proportions and sizes of the warhead warhead:

The ratio of the diameters d _BCH / d _ST 3 ... 4,5 Meniscus diameter d, mm 25 ... 35 The relative thickness of the plate δ ₀ / d 0.04 ... 0.06 The relative deflection of the meniscus h / d 0.2 ... 0.3 WF-bullet weight, g 6 ... 10 Number of WF bullets 15 ... 25 Relative explosive charge thickness, l / d 0.6 ... 0.8

For the circuit of FIG. 4,5

Number of overhead plates 1 ... 3 The relative thickness of the plate δ ₀ / d 0,1 ... 0,15

The following is an example of the execution of an anti-helicopter beam grenade for a full-time manual RPG-7 anti-tank grenade launcher. Target: Apache-type combat helicopter with a steel equivalent of 20 mm, a vulnerable area of 2m ² . Covering a helicopter with a beam of VF-bullets is considered secured. The embodiment of figure 2 (single-layer damaging block).

Barrel diameter (caliber) d _barrel , mm 40 The diameter of the caliber warhead d _warhead , mm 160 The ratio of the diameters d _BCH / d _ST four The diameter of the explosive charge, mm 158 Charge thickness ℓ, mm twenty The density of the explosive charge (okfol), g / cm ³ 1.8 Knock speed, m / s 8800 The mass of the explosive charge, C, kg 0.7 Plate thickness δ ₀ , mm 1,5

Plate material - steel.

The relative thickness of the plate δ ₀ / d 0.05 Mass of plate M, kg 0.23 Load factor β = s / m 3.0 WF-bullet weight, g 8 Meniscus deflection h, mm 6 The relative deflection of the meniscus h / d 0.2 Number of WF bullets 19 The initial speed of the WF bullet, m / s 2600 WF bullet ballistic coefficient, g / m 0.015 The half-angle of the beam γ, deg fifteen The range of detonation from the target U, m fifteen Covering circle area, m ² 12.7 The density of the WF bullets in the circle of coverage, 1 / m ² 1,5 The limit of through penetration V _PSP , m / s 2000 Slaughter interval I _kb , m 17.5

Conditions I _ub ≥U satisfied (17.5 m> 15 m).

Helicopter Chance W 0.95

The front view of the warhead with the removed fairing in full size is shown in Fig. 8. Technical result: the ability to use full-time manual anti-tank grenade launchers to destroy combat helicopters.

Literature

1. RU No. 21118888.

2. The physics of the explosion. Ed. L.P. Orlenko, ed. 3-5, corrected., In 2 volumes, T. 2. PHYSMATLIT, 2004.

3. RU No. 2368691.

4. Tables of external ballistics. Part I, Military Publishing House of the Ministry of Armed Forces of the USSR. M. 1949.

Claims (5)

1. Nadkalibernaya beam grenade to a hand grenade launcher designed to destroy helicopters, containing a caliber part with a propelling charge and ignition means, located in front of it a nukaliber beam warhead with an explosive charge, a trajectory fuse and a metal striking unit made in the form of a round plate with extruded on it recesses facing the vertices to the explosive charge, characterized in that the fuse is made as a non-contact type "rangefinder", deep eniya on the plate have the form of a spherical segment, the ratio of the diameter of the warhead to nadkalibernoy caliber diameter portion is in the range 4.5 ... 3. 2. The grenade according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal striking unit is made in the form of a set of plates, while the plate adjacent to the explosive charge is made with meniscus recesses, and the remaining patch plates are made with through holes with a diameter equal to the diameter of the meniscus recesses and the location of which coincides with the location of the recesses. 3. The grenade according to claim 2, characterized in that the overhead plates with through holes are made using measures of predetermined crushing or in the form of a set of finished striking elements. 4. Grenade according to claim 1, characterized in that the warhead is equipped with a conical fairing of large elongation. 5. Grenade according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with the following ranges of proportions and sizes:
the ratio of the diameter of the caliber warhead to the diameter of the caliber part (grenade launcher caliber) 3 ... 4.5, the diameter of the meniscus 25 ... 35 mm, the ratio of the plate thickness to the diameter of the meniscus 0.04 ... 0.06, the ratio of the deflection of the meniscus to the diameter of the meniscus 0.2 ... 0.3, the mass of the explosive bullet 6 ... 10 g, the number of explosive bullets 15 ... 25, the ratio of the thickness of the explosive charge to the diameter of the meniscus 0.6 ... 0.8.

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