EP0238818B1 - Sub-calibre projectile using kinetic energy - Google Patents

Sub-calibre projectile using kinetic energy Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0238818B1
EP0238818B1 EP87101710A EP87101710A EP0238818B1 EP 0238818 B1 EP0238818 B1 EP 0238818B1 EP 87101710 A EP87101710 A EP 87101710A EP 87101710 A EP87101710 A EP 87101710A EP 0238818 B1 EP0238818 B1 EP 0238818B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
splinter
target
filling
casing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP87101710A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0238818A1 (en
Inventor
Harald Ing. Htl Katzmann
Hanspeter Sigg
Pierre Dipl. Phys. Eth Freymond
David Ing. Htl Ammann
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Rheinmetall Air Defence AG
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Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon Buhrle AG
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Publication of EP0238818A1 publication Critical patent/EP0238818A1/en
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Publication of EP0238818B1 publication Critical patent/EP0238818B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators

Definitions

  • Another known kinetic energy projectile of this type (see US Pat. No. 4,353,305) has a penetration tip at the front and a main penetration body at the rear, and a spacer sleeve is arranged between them. In this spacer there are balls as secondary floors. These bullets are thrown away in all directions either by the impact on the target or by an explosive or fire charge.
  • the spacer sleeve acts as a bumper to keep the waves reflected in the target when the projectile hits the main penetrator.
  • the secondary floors are preferably made of heavy metal.
  • the object of the present invention is now to achieve a projectile which is particularly suitable for different types of targets and which, when penetrating several plates of a target, causes the target to be destroyed as much as possible in the radial direction.
  • the projectile with which this object is achieved is characterized in that the filling consists of a powder whose grain size is less than 200 11 m.
  • the fragment jacket preferably has an integrated bottom at its rear end and its cavity can be closed at the front by the projectile tip, or the fragment jacket has an integrated projectile tip at the front and can be closed by a closure body at the rear.
  • the splinter jacket is preferably provided with predetermined breaking points by which the size of the individual splinters is determined. Instead of forming predetermined breaking points, the splinter jacket can be so brittle that it breaks into individual splinters when it penetrates the target.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for medium-caliber multipurpose projectiles (i.e. 20-40mm caliber) to combat aerial targets.
  • the projectile should preferably consist exclusively of metallic materials, preferably heavy metal.
  • metallic materials preferably heavy metal.
  • the use of an explosive, a fire charge and a detonator is dispensed with. Nevertheless, splinter and explosive effects should not be avoided, and a large depth of penetration is also desirable.
  • the projectile should have a high probability of being hit, which is achieved by a short flight time.
  • a high mass cross-sectional load is required in order to keep the braking of the projectile by the air resistance small.
  • a high cross-sectional mass load is achieved by using high-density materials.
  • a high initial speed is also achieved by using a sabot.
  • the projectile should have a large destructive effect, this is achieved by transferring as much of the kinetic energy as possible from the projectile to the target in order to be able to destroy a large volume in the target. To do this, however, it is necessary that the projectile does not shatter until it has penetrated the target, and not when it hits it. The radial effect of the projectile may therefore only take place after a certain delay. Armor plates and other target shields should be penetrated with as little energy as possible.
  • the projectile according to the invention has a penetrator 12 instead of the end body and a separate tip 13 instead of the integrated tip.
  • the projectile according to the invention has neither a closing body nor a penetrator at the rear end, but instead an integrated base 12 and instead of the integrated or separate tip, a tip designed as a closing body is provided.
  • the splinter jacket 10 will fragment after penetration of the projectile and will disintegrate into individual effective splinters.
  • a suitable heavy metal alloy is used for this splinter jacket 10, e.g. Tungsten or uranium. Sintered heavy metal, steel or hard metal is also suitable.
  • the splinter jacket should either be very brittle, or it should disintegrate into fragments 15 of a suitable size through predetermined breaking points 14 (see FIG. 4).
  • a material is preferably used, the extensibility of which is below approximately 10%.
  • the powdery filling is ejected in all directions after the bullet has penetrated.
  • a heavy metal powder is used for this filling, in particular tungsten powder, which has a high density of 10gr / cm3 and which has a grain size of about 10-200 11m, i.e. the grain size should be less than 200 11m. Heavy metal powder is preferably used for the filling.
  • the atomization of the filling in the target causes a pressure wave.
  • the closing body 12 in particular the penetrator 12, fulfills the task of penetrating as deep as possible into the target without disassembling.
  • a heavy metal alloy is also preferably used for the closure body or penetrator, but it has high toughness and can penetrate armor plates.
  • the end body 12 is cylindrical (Fig.1).
  • the penetrator 12 has a conical tip (FIG. 2).
  • the tip 13 is intended - when the bullet penetrates the target - to prevent the splinter jacket from being dismantled prematurely and the filling being atomized prematurely.
  • a tough, hard material is used for the tip 13.
  • the tip 13 can be made in one piece with the splinter jacket according to FIG.
  • the elements of the projectile in particular splinter jacket 10, filling 11 and penetrator 12, are coordinated with one another in such a way that a high level of synergy is achieved in the target.
  • Splinter jacket 10 and penetrator 12 ensure the required structural strength of the projectile during delivery to the weapon and during the launch phase.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein durch kinetische Energie wirkendes Treibspiegelgeschoss für verschiedenartige Ziele, insbesondere homogene und heterogene Ziele, enthaltend:

  • - eine Geschossspitze;
  • - einen hohlen hinten und vorne verschlossenen Splittermantel, an dem die Geschossspitze vorne befestigt ist;
  • - eine inerte Füllung mit einer Dichte von mindestens 10g/cm3 im Innern des Splittermantels;
  • - wobei die Geschossspitze den Splittermantel vor einer vorzeitigen Fragmentierung schützt;
  • - der Splittermantel nach Eindringen ins Ziel fragmentiert;
  • - die Füllung die radiale Wirkung im Ziel vergrössert.
The invention relates to a sabot projectile which acts by means of kinetic energy for various types of targets, in particular homogeneous and heterogeneous targets, comprising:
  • - a bullet tip;
  • - a hollow splinter jacket, closed at the back and front, to which the bullet tip is attached at the front;
  • - an inert filling with a density of at least 10g / cm3 inside the splinter jacket;
  • - The tip of the projectile protects the splinter mantle from premature fragmentation;
  • - The splinter coat fragmented after entering the target;
  • - The filling increases the radial effect in the target.

Bei einem bekannten unterkalibrigen, stabilisierten Mehrzweckgeschoss dieser Art (siehe EP-A-0 146 745) ist ebenfalls ein Splittermantel mit einer inerten Füllung vorhanden. Dieses Geschoss fragmentiert ohne einen komplizierten Zünder nach dem Aufprall, während des Eindringens ins Ziel und besitzt einen Radialeffekt. Das Geschoss weist einen Geschosskörper auf mit einem axialen Kanal, der vorne durch eine ballistische Haube verschlossen ist. Hinter der ballistischen Haube befindet sich ein Kolben, der axial verschiebbar im Kanal des Geschosskörpers geführt ist.In a known sub-caliber, stabilized multi-purpose bullet of this type (see EP-A-0 146 745) there is also a splinter jacket with an inert filling. This bullet fragments without a complicated detonator after impact, while entering the target and has a radial effect. The projectile has a projectile body with an axial channel which is closed at the front by a ballistic hood. Behind the ballistic hood there is a piston which is guided axially displaceably in the channel of the projectile body.

Bei einem anderen bekannten durch kinetische Energie wirkenden Geschoss dieser Art (siehe US-PS-4 353 305) ist vorne eine Eindringspitze und hinten ein Haupteindringkörper vorhanden und dazwischen ist eine Abstandshülse angeordnet. In dieser Abstandshülse befinden sich Kugeln als Sekundärgeschosse. Diese Kugeln werden entweder durch den Aufschlag im Ziele oder durch eine Spreng-oder Brandladung nach allen Richtungen weggeschleudert. Die Abstandshülse dient als Stoss-Fänger, um die beim Aufprall des Geschosses im Ziel reflektierten Wellen vom Haupteindringkörper fernzuhalten. Die Sekundärgeschosse sind vorzugsweise aus Schwermetall.Another known kinetic energy projectile of this type (see US Pat. No. 4,353,305) has a penetration tip at the front and a main penetration body at the rear, and a spacer sleeve is arranged between them. In this spacer there are balls as secondary floors. These bullets are thrown away in all directions either by the impact on the target or by an explosive or fire charge. The spacer sleeve acts as a bumper to keep the waves reflected in the target when the projectile hits the main penetrator. The secondary floors are preferably made of heavy metal.

Es hat sich nun gezeigt, dass diese bekannten Geschosse noch nicht die angestrebte synergistische Wirkung erreichen und sich in ihrer Wirkung noch verbessern lassen.It has now been shown that these known projectiles have not yet achieved the desired synergistic effect and their effect can still be improved.

Mit der vorliegenden Erfindung soll nun die Aufgabe gelöst werden, ein Geschoss zu schaffen, das sich insbesondere für verschiedenartige Ziele eignet und das beim Durchdringen von mehreren Platten eines Zieles eine möglichst grosse Zerstörung des Zieles in radialer Richtung bewirkt.The object of the present invention is now to achieve a projectile which is particularly suitable for different types of targets and which, when penetrating several plates of a target, causes the target to be destroyed as much as possible in the radial direction.

Das Geschoss, mit dem diese Aufgabe gelöst wird, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Füllung aus einem Pulver besteht, dessen Korngrösse kleiner als 200 11m ist.The projectile with which this object is achieved is characterized in that the filling consists of a powder whose grain size is less than 200 11 m.

Vorzugsweise weist der Splittermantel an seinem hinteren Ende einen integrierten Boden auf und sein Hohlraum ist vorne durch die Geschossspitze verschliessbar, oder der Splittermantel weist vorne eine integrierte Geschossspitze auf und ist hinten durch einen Abschlusskörper verschliessbar.The fragment jacket preferably has an integrated bottom at its rear end and its cavity can be closed at the front by the projectile tip, or the fragment jacket has an integrated projectile tip at the front and can be closed by a closure body at the rear.

Vorzugsweise ist der Splittermantel mit Sollbruchstellen versehen, durch welche die Grösse der einzelnen Splitter bestimmt ist. Statt der Ausbildung von Sollbruchstellen kann der Splittermantel so spröde sein, dass er beim Eindringen ins Ziel in einzelne Splitter zerfällt.The splinter jacket is preferably provided with predetermined breaking points by which the size of the individual splinters is determined. Instead of forming predetermined breaking points, the splinter jacket can be so brittle that it breaks into individual splinters when it penetrates the target.

Die Erfindung eignet sich insbesondere für mittelkalibrige Mehrzweck-Geschosse (d.h. Kaliber 20-40mm) zur Bekämpfung von Luftzielen.The invention is particularly suitable for medium-caliber multipurpose projectiles (i.e. 20-40mm caliber) to combat aerial targets.

Das Geschoss soll vorzugsweise ausschliesslich aus metallischen Werkstoffen bestehen, vorzugsweise Schwermetall. Zur Erzielung einer hohen Querschnittbelastung wird auf die Verwendung eines Sprengstoffes, einer Brandladung und eines Zünders verzichtet. Trotzdem soll auf Splitter- und sprengartige Wirkung nicht verzichtet werden, auch ist eine grosse Eindringtiefe erwünscht.The projectile should preferably consist exclusively of metallic materials, preferably heavy metal. In order to achieve a high cross-sectional load, the use of an explosive, a fire charge and a detonator is dispensed with. Nevertheless, splinter and explosive effects should not be avoided, and a large depth of penetration is also desirable.

Das Geschoss soll eine grosse Trefferwahrscheinlichkeit besitzen, diese wird durch eine kurze Flugzeit erreicht. Zur Erreichung einer kurzen Flugzeit ist eine hohe Massenquerschnittsbelastung erforderlich, um die Abbremsung des Geschosses durch den Luftwiderstand klein zu halten. Eine hohe Massenquerschnittsbelastung wird durch Verwendung von Werkstoffen von hoher Dichte erreicht.The projectile should have a high probability of being hit, which is achieved by a short flight time. In order to achieve a short flight time, a high mass cross-sectional load is required in order to keep the braking of the projectile by the air resistance small. A high cross-sectional mass load is achieved by using high-density materials.

Eine hohe Anfangsgeschwindigkeit wird ferner durch die Verwendung eines Treibspiegels erreicht.A high initial speed is also achieved by using a sabot.

Das Geschoss soll eine grosse Zerstörwirkung besitzen, diese wird dadurch erreicht, dass möglichst die gesamte kinetische Energie vom Geschoss an das Ziel übertragen wird, um ein grosses Volumen im Ziel zerstören zu können. Dazu ist jedoch erforderlich, dass das Geschoss erst nach dem Eindringen ins Ziel zersplittert und nicht schom beim Aufprall. Die radiale Wirkung des Geschosses darf somit erst nach einer gewissen Verzögerung erfolgen. Panzerplatten und andere Zielabschirmungen sollen mit möglichst kleinem Energieaufwand durchschlagen werden.The projectile should have a large destructive effect, this is achieved by transferring as much of the kinetic energy as possible from the projectile to the target in order to be able to destroy a large volume in the target. To do this, however, it is necessary that the projectile does not shatter until it has penetrated the target, and not when it hits it. The radial effect of the projectile may therefore only take place after a certain delay. Armor plates and other target shields should be penetrated with as little energy as possible.

Verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemässen Geschosses sind im folgenden anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung ausführlich beschrieben.Various exemplary embodiments of the projectile according to the invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawing.

Es zeigt:It shows:

  • Fig.1-3 je einen Längsschnitt durch verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemässen Geschosses;Fig. 1-3 each a longitudinal section through different embodiments of the projectile according to the invention;
  • Fig.4 einen Schnitt nach Linie IV-IV in Fig.1 in vergrössertem Massstab.4 shows a section along line IV-IV in Figure 1 on an enlarged scale.

Gemäss Fig.1 besteht das erfindungsgemässe Geschoss aus folgenden Elementen:

  • Einem Splittermantel 10
  • Einer Füllung 11
  • Einem Abschlusskörper 12
  • Einer integrierten Spitze 13.
According to FIG. 1, the projectile according to the invention consists of the following elements:
  • A splinter jacket 10
  • A filling 11
  • A closing body 12
  • An integrated tip 13.

Gemäss Fig.2 besitzt das erfindungsgemässe Geschoss statt des Abschlusskörpers einen Penetrator 12 und statt der integrierten Spitze eine separate Spitze 13.According to FIG. 2, the projectile according to the invention has a penetrator 12 instead of the end body and a separate tip 13 instead of the integrated tip.

Gemäss Fig.3 besitzt das erfindungsgemässe Geschoss am hinteren Ende weder einen Abschlusskörper noch einen Penetrator, sondern einen integrierten Boden 12 und statt der integrierten oder separaten Spitze ist eine als Abschlusskörper ausgebildete Spitze vorgesehen.According to FIG. 3, the projectile according to the invention has neither a closing body nor a penetrator at the rear end, but instead an integrated base 12 and instead of the integrated or separate tip, a tip designed as a closing body is provided.

Der Splittermantel 10 wird nach dem Eindringen des Geschosses fragmentieren und in einzelne wirksame Splitter zerfallen. Für diesen Splittermantel 10 wird eine geeignete Schwermetallegierung verwendet, z.B. Wolfram oder Uranium. Es eignet sich auch gesintertes Schwermetall, Stahl oder Hartmetall. Der Splittermantel soll entweder sehr spröde sein, oder er soll durch Sollbruchstellen 14 in Splitter 15 von geeigneter Grösse zerfallen (siehe Fig.4). Vorzugsweise wird ein Material verwendet, dessen Dehnungsfähigkeit unter ca. 10% liegt.The splinter jacket 10 will fragment after penetration of the projectile and will disintegrate into individual effective splinters. A suitable heavy metal alloy is used for this splinter jacket 10, e.g. Tungsten or uranium. Sintered heavy metal, steel or hard metal is also suitable. The splinter jacket should either be very brittle, or it should disintegrate into fragments 15 of a suitable size through predetermined breaking points 14 (see FIG. 4). A material is preferably used, the extensibility of which is below approximately 10%.

Die pulverförmige Füllung wird nach dem Eindringen des Geschosses nach allen Richtungen ausgestossen. Für diese Füllung wird ein Schwermetallpulver verwendet, insbesondere Wolframpulver, das eine hohe Dichte von 10gr/cm3 besitzt und das eine Korngrösse von etwa 10-200 11m besitzt, d.h. die Korngrösse soll kleiner als 200 11m sein. Für die Füllung wird vorzugsweise Schwermetallpulver verwendet. Die Zerstäubung der Füllung im Ziel bewirkt eine Druckwelle.The powdery filling is ejected in all directions after the bullet has penetrated. A heavy metal powder is used for this filling, in particular tungsten powder, which has a high density of 10gr / cm3 and which has a grain size of about 10-200 11m, i.e. the grain size should be less than 200 11m. Heavy metal powder is preferably used for the filling. The atomization of the filling in the target causes a pressure wave.

Der Abschlusskörper 12, insbesondere der Penetrator 12, erfüllt die Aufgabe, möglichst tief ins Ziel einzudringen ohne sich zu zerlegen. Auch für den Abschlusskörper oder Penetrator wird vorzugsweise eine Schwermetallegierung verwendet, die jedoch eine hohe Zähigkeit besitzt und Panzerplatten durchdringen kann.The closing body 12, in particular the penetrator 12, fulfills the task of penetrating as deep as possible into the target without disassembling. A heavy metal alloy is also preferably used for the closure body or penetrator, but it has high toughness and can penetrate armor plates.

Der Abschlusskörper 12 ist zylindrisch (Fig.1). Der Penetrator 12 besitzt eine kegelförmige Spitze (Fig.2).The end body 12 is cylindrical (Fig.1). The penetrator 12 has a conical tip (FIG. 2).

Die Spitze 13 soll - beim Eindringen des Geschosses im Ziel - verhindern, dass der Splittermantel vorzeitig zerlegt und die Füllung vorzeitig zerstäubt wird. Für die Spitze 13 wird ein zähhartes Material verwendet. Die Spitze 13 kann gemäss Fig.1 aus einem Stück mit dem Splittermantel hergestellt sein.The tip 13 is intended - when the bullet penetrates the target - to prevent the splinter jacket from being dismantled prematurely and the filling being atomized prematurely. A tough, hard material is used for the tip 13. The tip 13 can be made in one piece with the splinter jacket according to FIG.

Die Wirkungsweise des beschriebenen Geschosses ist wie folgt:The described floor works as follows:

Die Elemente des Geschosses, insbesondere Splittermantel 10, Füllung 11 und Penetrator 12, sind so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass eine hohe Synergie im Ziel erreicht wird. Splittermantel 10 und Penetrator 12 gewährleisten die erforderliche Strukturfestigkeit des Geschosses während des Zuführens zur Waffe und während der Abschussphase.The elements of the projectile, in particular splinter jacket 10, filling 11 and penetrator 12, are coordinated with one another in such a way that a high level of synergy is achieved in the target. Splinter jacket 10 and penetrator 12 ensure the required structural strength of the projectile during delivery to the weapon and during the launch phase.

Die Elemente haben im Ziel eine unterschiedliche Wirkung, da sie unterschiedliche Grössen besitzen:

  • a) Der Abschlusskörper 12 weist eine Masse von 10-100 Gramm auf. Mit dem Abschlusskörper 12 werden nur wenige Löcher tief im Ziel erzeugt.
  • b) Die Splitter des Splittermantels 10 weisen eine Masse von 0,1 bis 10 Gramm auf. Mit den Splittern werden viele einzelne Löcher erzeugt.
  • c) Die Pulverkörner der Füllung 11 haben eine Masse von 0,000001 bis 0,0001 Gramm. Mit der Füllung wird ein heterogenes Ziel zerstört.
The elements have a different effect in the target because they have different sizes:
  • a) The end body 12 has a mass of 10-100 grams. With the end body 12, only a few holes are created deep in the target.
  • b) The splinters of the splinter jacket 10 have a mass of 0.1 to 10 grams. Many individual holes are created with the splinters.
  • c) The powder grains of the filling 11 have a mass of 0.000001 to 0.0001 grams. A heterogeneous target is destroyed with the filling.

Die Wirkung dieser Elemente ist jedoch gestaffelt. Durch den Drall wird die radiale Wirkung des Geschosses vergrössert, dabei spielt das Verhältnis zwischen kinetischer Energie in Schussrichtung und kinetischer Drallenergie eine Rolle.However, the effect of these elements is staggered. The radial effect of the projectile is increased by the swirl, the relationship between kinetic energy in the direction of the shot and kinetic swirl energy playing a role.

Claims (5)

1. Kinetic energy using sibot-type projectile for various types of targets, in particular homogeneous and heterogeneous targets, including:
- a projectile point (13);
- a hollow splinter casing (10), sealed at the front and the rear, with the projectile point (13) attached to its front;
- an inert filling (11) with a density of at least l0gr/cm3 in the interior of the splinter casing (10);
- whereby the projectile point (13) protects the splinter casing (10) from premature fragmentation;
- the splinter casing (10) fragments after penetration into the target;
- the filling (11) increases the radial effect in the target, characterised in that
- the filling (11) is a powder with a grain size of less than 200 µm.
2. Sabot-type projectile according to claim 1, characterised in that the splinter casing (10) has an integrated bottom (12) at its tail end; that its hollow space is sealable at the front by the projectile point (13).
3. Sabot-type projectile according to claim 1, characterised in that the splinter casing (10) has an integrated projectile point (13) at the front; that its tail end is sealable by way of a sealing member (12).
4. Sabot-type projectile according to claim 1, characterised in that the splinter casing (10) has lines of weakness (14) which determine the size of the individual splinters (15).
5. Sabot-type projectile according to claim 1, characterised in that the splinter casing (10) is so brittle that it disintegrates into individual splinters (15) whilst penetrating the target.
EP87101710A 1986-03-21 1987-02-07 Sub-calibre projectile using kinetic energy Expired EP0238818B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1153/86 1986-03-21
CH115386 1986-03-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0238818A1 EP0238818A1 (en) 1987-09-30
EP0238818B1 true EP0238818B1 (en) 1989-12-06

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US (1) US4753172A (en)
EP (1) EP0238818B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS62228898A (en)
CA (1) CA1283577C (en)
DE (1) DE3761109D1 (en)
IL (1) IL81897A (en)
NO (1) NO163715C (en)
ZA (1) ZA871984B (en)

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Also Published As

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IL81897A (en) 1991-07-18
CA1283577C (en) 1991-04-30
NO163715C (en) 1990-07-04
JPS62228898A (en) 1987-10-07
EP0238818A1 (en) 1987-09-30
NO870926D0 (en) 1987-03-05
DE3761109D1 (en) 1990-01-11
NO870926L (en) 1987-09-22
IL81897A0 (en) 1987-10-20
JPH0445756B2 (en) 1992-07-27
NO163715B (en) 1990-03-26
US4753172A (en) 1988-06-28
ZA871984B (en) 1987-11-25

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