EP3514479B1 - Multi-purpose projectile - Google Patents

Multi-purpose projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3514479B1
EP3514479B1 EP19154258.8A EP19154258A EP3514479B1 EP 3514479 B1 EP3514479 B1 EP 3514479B1 EP 19154258 A EP19154258 A EP 19154258A EP 3514479 B1 EP3514479 B1 EP 3514479B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
full
jacked
projectile according
core
purpose projectile
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EP19154258.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3514479C0 (en
EP3514479A1 (en
Inventor
Michael MUSTER
Markus Bucher
Markus GFELLER
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RUAG Ammotec AG
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RUAG Ammotec AG
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/207—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by the explosive material or the construction of the high explosive warhead, e.g. insensitive ammunition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/208—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by a plurality of charges within a single high explosive warhead
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/44—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of incendiary type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multi-purpose projectile according to the preamble of the patent claim.
  • a so-called incidentiary shell is from the US Patent 3,208,385 known, which initiates an incendiary device on the front when it hits a hard target.
  • a hollow bullet body behind it is filled with another incendiary device and contains a predetermined breaking point so that both incendiary devices are effective when it penetrates the target.
  • This type of ammunition was used as a tank incendiary bullet from the 1960s onwards.
  • Another explosive incendiary bullet is from the DE -OS- 2 323 798 known, this contains a sub-caliber, central impact core made of hard metal, which is covered by a pyrotechnic mass.
  • the penetration core is placed on a rear part of the same caliber, which acts as a sabot and is separated at the target via a predetermined breaking point.
  • the penetrating core is preceded by an incendiary device that also serves as a hit marker.
  • the hole created should have only a low flow resistance for the plasmas of the incendiary devices.
  • the aerodynamic properties of the bullet should also be excellent, and in particular the impact speed on the target must be high. This is on the one hand to ensure safe initiation of the ignition charge and on the other hand to give the breakdown core the necessary kinetic impulse.
  • the bullet construction should be cost-effective and precise to manufacture from just a few parts, and should also have good internal ballistics in the bullet barrel. In particular, running-friendly properties are desired. Last but not least, the bullet should also be able to be produced in large series using conventional means and processes.
  • the breakdown core mentioned here is preferably in one piece, but can also be in several parts.
  • the transition area between the front part and the actual penetration part is designed as a predetermined breaking point, so that a splintering effect occurs when the target is penetrated. This allows the penetrating part to penetrate even solid plates with its full kinetic energy.
  • Copper-containing full jackets according to claim 2 are favorable because they have good sliding properties in the bullet barrel.
  • the pyrotechnic charge stored in the tip of the bullet casing causes a flash of light when it hits the target and ignites the high-performance explosive that follows. This creates the splintering effect mentioned above.
  • This relatively large pyrotechnic charge is optimal because it ignites easily even on targets that are not very hard and produces a bright flash of light, which is important for reliable hit tracking.
  • a highly compressed, high-performance explosive can be inserted precisely into the front part of the penetration core.
  • the storage of the penetrating core as such, in the full jacket, is mechanically very advantageous, as it results in its precise centric storage and the space between the front and rear contact points remains elastic, which on the one hand reduces the friction in the bullet barrel and on the other hand the firing speed and the kinetic impact energy increased in the finish, claim 6.
  • the gap formed according to claim 6 is filled according to claim 7 by a composite material - a further pyrotechnic mixture - which causes an increase in the amount of incendiary agent without losing the desired elasticity of the full jacket.
  • the entire front part of the penetration core can also be hardened and/or made of a hard material, for example titanium.
  • the front part and the actual punch-through core can also consist of two materials that are joined together precisely; see claims 9 and 10.
  • the penetrating core can be designed as a tip or also as a concave recess, the latter having an additional effect in the manner of a punch due to its sharp edges - after the front part has splintered, claim 11.
  • the energy required for the splintering effect is reduced by longitudinal notches in the cavity of the front part of the penetration core, claim 12.
  • Conventional charges according to the explosives mentioned in claim 13 can be used as high-performance explosives in the front part of the penetrating core.
  • the bullet caliber mentioned in claim 15 has proven particularly useful because it can also be fired from light weapons.
  • the full jacket of a multi-purpose projectile is designated 1; This projectile is fired in a usual barrel (not shown) in the direction of flight F.
  • the full jacket 1 has a flattened tip 2 in order to achieve reliable ignition of a pyrotechnic mixture 3 stored in the tip of the projectile when it hits the target.
  • Adjacent to the pyrotechnic mixture 3 is a penetration core 6, with its front cylindrical cavity 5 in the form of a bore, which accommodates a high-performance explosive 5 '.
  • a ogive tip 7 protrudes from the cone-shaped base into the explosive 5 '.
  • the penetration core 6 is formed in one piece and is positively centered in the interior of the full casing at the front in area 8 and at the rear in area 10. Between the shaft of the penetration core 6 and its front area there are sharp transitions in the form of a circumferential edge 9 which acts as a concentric predetermined breaking point 11 when the projectile hits.
  • a composite material 4 is embedded peripheral to the shaft of the core 6, which contains a metal powder in a polymer matrix, which also ignites in the target.
  • Fig. 1 Analogous to Fig. 1 is the exemplary embodiment Fig. 2 designed; It also contains a marking charge 14 (also called a flare charge) in a rear bore 13, which is initiated by an ignition charge 12 when the projectile is fired. - This allows the trajectory to be tracked to the target. Here too it creates Pyrotechnic mixture 3 produces a flash of light upon impact with the target, which ensures reliable detection of the impact on the target.
  • the front part of the penetration core 6 penetrates the target upon impact, where the high-performance explosive 5 'detonates and the cylindrical recess 6' separates and fragments at the predetermined breaking points.
  • the further composite material 4 was deposited peripherally in layers in the full jacket using spraying technology with precise shape. Accordingly, it burns at the target with a further slight delay, thereby increasing the total fire effect upon penetration. This increases the overall lighting duration and thus extends the hit marking time.
  • FIG. 3 shows the penetration core 6 with its front part 6 ', with the conical bottom with a conical tip 7', with a cone angle ⁇ of 60 °.
  • the variant according to Fig. 4 Instead of a pointed cone, contains a recess with a concave bottom in the front part 6", with a cone angle of 120°.
  • Fig. 5 contains in addition to the illustration Fig. 3 , twelve longitudinal notches 15 in the front part 6′′′, whereby the notches 15 ensure safe splintering of the front part of the penetration core 6′′′.
  • Fig. 6 is a view of the front part 6′′′, in which you can easily see the notches 15 as predetermined breaking points.
  • a ogive tip 7 is advantageous in order to prevent the projectile from ricochet when it hits the target at an oblique angle.
  • the variants according to Examples 3 to 5 are favorable in terms of production technology.
  • the notches 15, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are drawn larger for illustration purposes; As is well known, tip notches of a few tenths of a millimeter, which can be easily created by pushing (broaching), are sufficient as high notch factors.
  • Composites in which a metal powder is embedded in a polymer matrix are suitable as pyrotechnic mixture 3.
  • Polyetherketone has proven particularly useful as a polymer matrix, as in PCT/EP2016/069462 was proposed. This type of composite material can be injected layer by layer into the tip of the solid casing 1 - via its rear bore - before the subsequent components are inserted and the base is flanged.
  • Suitable high-performance explosives 5 are pentrite (PETN), hexogen (RDX), but especially octastite 8 (according to EP -A1- o 068 528 ), which, due to its high level of phlegmatization, is highly dense and yet acts in a timely manner, i.e. it only explodes after penetrating the target and gives the penetration core "free passage”.
  • the subject of the invention is an open construction, i.e. it can be modified in a variety of ways, combined with different materials and adapted to the intended, specific purpose, including using inserts made of metal splinters.
  • the cylindrical shaft of the penetration core 6 can also be designed in the shape of an ogive.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Mehrzweckgeschoss nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs.The present invention relates to a multi-purpose projectile according to the preamble of the patent claim.

Ein sogenanntes Sprengbrandgeschoss (engl. Incendiary shell) ist aus der US-PS 3 208 385 bekannt, welches beim Aufschlag auf ein hartes Ziel einen frontseitigen Brandsatz initiiert. Ein dahinter befindlicher, hohler Geschosskörper ist mit einem weiteren Brandsatz gefüllt und enthält eine Sollbruchstelle, so dass bei dessen Eindringen ins Ziel beide Brandsätze wirken. Diese Art Munition wurde ab den 60er Jahren als Panzerbrandgeschoss eingesetzt.A so-called incidentiary shell is from the US Patent 3,208,385 known, which initiates an incendiary device on the front when it hits a hard target. A hollow bullet body behind it is filled with another incendiary device and contains a predetermined breaking point so that both incendiary devices are effective when it penetrates the target. This type of ammunition was used as a tank incendiary bullet from the 1960s onwards.

Ein weiteres Sprengbrandgeschoss, ist aus der DE -OS- 2 323 798 bekannt, dieses enthält einen unterkalibrigen, zentralen Durchschlagskern aus Hartmetall, welcher von einer pyrotechnischen Masse ummantelt ist. Der Durchschlagskern ist auf einem kalibergleichen Heckteil aufgesetzt, das als Treibspiegel wirkt und im Ziel über eine Sollbruchstelle abgetrennt wird. Dem Durchschlagskern ist ein Brandsatz vorgelagert, der gleichzeitig als Treffermarkierung dient.Another explosive incendiary bullet is from the DE -OS- 2 323 798 known, this contains a sub-caliber, central impact core made of hard metal, which is covered by a pyrotechnic mass. The penetration core is placed on a rear part of the same caliber, which acts as a sabot and is separated at the target via a predetermined breaking point. The penetrating core is preceded by an incendiary device that also serves as a hit marker.

Analog wirkende Sprengbrandgeschosse wurden später Mehrzweckgeschosse ( DE -A1-27 27 970 ; US-PS 4 444 112 ; EP -A3- 0 531 697 ) genannt.Explosive incendiary bullets with an analogous effect later became multi-purpose bullets ( DE-A1-27 27 970 ; US Patent 4,444,112 ; EP -A3- 0 531 697 ) called.

Alle oben aufgeführten Geschosse haben eine unbefriedigende Durchschlagsleistung und/oder der erzielte Durchmesser der Durchschlagsbohrung stellt einen zu großen hydraulischen Widerstand dar, so dass der Brandsatz den Innenbereich des Ziels nicht wirksam erreicht.All of the projectiles listed above have unsatisfactory penetration performance and/or the diameter of the penetration hole achieved represents too great a hydraulic resistance so that the incendiary device does not effectively reach the interior of the target.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung ein Mehrzweckgeschoss zu schaffen, dass eine große Durchschlagsleistung sowohl in Bezug auf die Durchschlagstiefe, als auch auf den Durchschlagsdurchmesser aufweist. Die erzielte Bohrung soll für die Plasmen der Brandsätze einen nur geringen Strömungswiderstand haben.It is therefore the object of the invention to create a multi-purpose projectile that has a high penetration performance both in terms of the penetration depth and the Has penetration diameter. The hole created should have only a low flow resistance for the plasmas of the incendiary devices.

Ebenfalls sollen die aerodynamischen Eigenschaften des Geschosses hervorragend sein, insbesondere muss die Auftreffgeschwindigkeit im Ziel hoch sein. Dies um einerseits eine sichere Initiierung des Anzündsatzes zu gewährleisten und anderseits dem Durchschlagskern den erforderlichen kinetischen Impuls zu verleihen. Die Geschosskonstruktion soll kostengünstig und präzise aus wenigen Teilen herstellbar sein, und auch eine gute Innenballistik im Geschosslauf aufweisen. Insbesondere sind laufschonende Eigenschaften gewünscht. Nicht zu Letzt soll das Geschoss auch mit konventionellen Mitteln und Verfahren in großen Serien produzierbar sein.The aerodynamic properties of the bullet should also be excellent, and in particular the impact speed on the target must be high. This is on the one hand to ensure safe initiation of the ignition charge and on the other hand to give the breakdown core the necessary kinetic impulse. The bullet construction should be cost-effective and precise to manufacture from just a few parts, and should also have good internal ballistics in the bullet barrel. In particular, running-friendly properties are desired. Last but not least, the bullet should also be able to be produced in large series using conventional means and processes.

Diese Aufgabe ist durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Der hier genannte Durchschlagskern ist aus Fertigungsgründen vorzugsweise einstückig, kann aber auch mehrteilig sein. In jedem Fall ist der Übergangsbereich zwischen dem Frontteil und dem eigentlichen Durchschlagsteil als Sollbruchstelle ausgebildet, so dass beim Eindringen in das Ziel eine Splitterwirkung entsteht. Dies erlaubt dem Durchschlagsteil mit der vollen kinetischen Energie auch massive Platten zu durchdringen.This task is solved by the features of patent claim 1. For manufacturing reasons, the breakdown core mentioned here is preferably in one piece, but can also be in several parts. In any case, the transition area between the front part and the actual penetration part is designed as a predetermined breaking point, so that a splintering effect occurs when the target is penetrated. This allows the penetrating part to penetrate even solid plates with its full kinetic energy.

In abhängigen Ansprüchen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des Erfindungsgegenstands beschrieben.Advantageous developments of the subject matter of the invention are described in dependent claims.

Günstig sind kupferhaltige Vollmantel gemäß Anspruch 2, da diese im Geschosslauf gute Gleiteigenschaften aufweisen.Copper-containing full jackets according to claim 2 are favorable because they have good sliding properties in the bullet barrel.

Besonders bewährt hat sich Tombak nach Anspruch 3.Tombak according to claim 3 has proven particularly useful.

Die in der Spitze des Geschossmantels eingelagerte pyro-technische Ladung bewirkt beim Aufprall auf das Ziel einen Lichtblitz und entzündet dabei den nachfolgenden Hochleistungssprengstoff. Dadurch wird die oben erwähnte Splitterwirkung erzeugt. Diese relativ große pyrotechnische Ladung ist optimal, weil sie sich auch bei nicht sehr harten Zielen leicht entzündet und einen hellen Lichtblitz erzeugt, was für eine sichere Trefferverfolgung wichtig ist.The pyrotechnic charge stored in the tip of the bullet casing causes a flash of light when it hits the target and ignites the high-performance explosive that follows. This creates the splintering effect mentioned above. This relatively large pyrotechnic charge is optimal because it ignites easily even on targets that are not very hard and produces a bright flash of light, which is important for reliable hit tracking.

Beim Eindringen des Geschosses in ein Ziel entsteht eine derart hohe Reibungsenergie, welche die periphere Ladung, Anspruch 4 entzündet.When the bullet penetrates a target, such a high level of frictional energy is created that ignites the peripheral charge, claim 4.

Gemäß Anspruch 5 lässt sich ein hochverdichteter Hochleistungssprengstoff passgenau im Frontteil des Durchschlagskerns einfügen.According to claim 5, a highly compressed, high-performance explosive can be inserted precisely into the front part of the penetration core.

Die Lagerung des Durchschlagskerns als solcher, im Vollmantel, ist mechanisch sehr vorteilhaft, ergibt sich doch daraus dessen genaue zentrische Lagerung und der Zwischenraum zwischen den frontseitigen und heckseitigen Kontaktstellen bleibt elastisch, was einerseits die Reibung im Geschosslauf verringert und anderseits die Abschussgeschwindigkeit und die kinetische Aufprallenergie im Ziel erhöht, Anspruch 6.The storage of the penetrating core as such, in the full jacket, is mechanically very advantageous, as it results in its precise centric storage and the space between the front and rear contact points remains elastic, which on the one hand reduces the friction in the bullet barrel and on the other hand the firing speed and the kinetic impact energy increased in the finish, claim 6.

Der nach Anspruch 6 gebildete Zwischenraum wird nach Anspruch 7 durch einen Verbundwerkstoff - eine weitere pyrotechnische Mischung - ausgefüllt, was eine Erhöhung der Menge an Brandsatz bewirkt, ohne die gewünschte Elastizität des Vollmantels zu verlieren.The gap formed according to claim 6 is filled according to claim 7 by a composite material - a further pyrotechnic mixture - which causes an increase in the amount of incendiary agent without losing the desired elasticity of the full jacket.

Der Erfindungsgegenstand erlaubt problemlos den heckseitigen Einbau einer zusätzlichen pyrotechnischen Markierladung zur Flugbahnverfolgung, Anspruch 8.The subject matter of the invention easily allows the rear installation of an additional pyrotechnic marking charge for trajectory tracking, claim 8.

Zur Erhöhung der Durchschlagsleistung ist zumindest dessen Spitze gehärtet. Es kann aber auch das ganze Frontteil des Durchschlagskerns gehärtet und/oder aus einem harten Material, beispielsweise Titan gefertigt sein. Ebenfalls können das Frontteil und der eigentliche Durchschlagskern aus zwei Werkstoffen bestehen, die passgenau gefügt sind; vgl. Anspruch 9 und 10.To increase the penetration power, at least its tip is hardened. However, the entire front part of the penetration core can also be hardened and/or made of a hard material, for example titanium. The front part and the actual punch-through core can also consist of two materials that are joined together precisely; see claims 9 and 10.

Ausgehend von einstückigen Durchschlagsgeschossen kann der Durchschlagskern als Spitze aber auch als konkave Ausnehmung ausgebildet sein, wobei letztere auf Grund ihrer scharfen Kanten - nach dem Splittern des Frontteils - eine zusätzliche Wirkung nach Art eines Lochstempels ergibt, Anspruch 11.Starting from one-piece penetrating bullets, the penetrating core can be designed as a tip or also as a concave recess, the latter having an additional effect in the manner of a punch due to its sharp edges - after the front part has splintered, claim 11.

Durch longitudinale Kerben im Hohlraum des Frontteils des Durchschlagskerns, Anspruch 12, wird die notwendige Energie zur Splitterwirkung reduziert.The energy required for the splintering effect is reduced by longitudinal notches in the cavity of the front part of the penetration core, claim 12.

Als Hochleistungssprengstoff im Frontteil des Durchschlagskerns sind konventionelle Ladungen nach den im Anspruch 13 genannten Sprengstoffen einsetzbar.Conventional charges according to the explosives mentioned in claim 13 can be used as high-performance explosives in the front part of the penetrating core.

Eine extreme Leistungssteigerung kann durch den Einsatz von energetischen Nanomaterialien, Anspruch 14, erreicht werden.An extreme increase in performance can be achieved through the use of energetic nanomaterials, claim 14.

Besonders bewährt hat sich das in Anspruch 15 genannte Geschosskaliber, da dieses auch von leichten Waffen abfeuerbar ist.The bullet caliber mentioned in claim 15 has proven particularly useful because it can also be fired from light weapons.

Nachfolgend werden an Hand von Zeichnungen Ausführungsbeispiele des Erfindungsgegenstands erläutert, wobei für gleichwirkende Teile gleiche Bezugszeichen verwendet sind.Exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are explained below using drawings, with the same reference numbers being used for parts with the same effect.

Es zeigen, in vereinfachter Darstellung:

Fig. 1
ein Mehrzweckgeschoss mit Durchschlagskern und Brandsätzen,
Fig. 2
eine Variante eines Mehrzweckgeschosses mit heckseitiger Markierladung,
Fig. 3
den Durchschlagskern nach Fig. 1 in einer einzelnen Schnittdarstellung,
Fig. 4
eine Variante eines Durchschlagskerns,
Fig. 5
eine weitere Variante zum Durchschlagskern Fig. 1 mit longitudinalen Kerben und
Fig. 6
eine Frontalansicht auf die zylindrische Ausnehmung 6‴ des Durchschlagskerns nach Fig. 5.
Show it in a simplified representation:
Fig. 1
a multi-purpose projectile with a penetrating core and incendiary devices,
Fig. 2
a variant of a multi-purpose projectile with a rear marking charge,
Fig. 3
the penetration core Fig. 1 in a single sectional view,
Fig. 4
a variant of a puncture core,
Fig. 5
another variant of the punch core Fig. 1 with longitudinal notches and
Fig. 6
a frontal view of the cylindrical recess 6‴ of the penetration core Fig. 5 .

In Figur 1 ist an einem Mehrzweckgeschoss dessen Vollmantel mit 1 bezeichnet; dieses Geschoss wird in einem üblichen Lauf (nicht dargestellt) in Flugrichtung F abgeschossen. Der Vollmantel 1 weist eine abgeplattete Spitze 2 auf um beim Aufschlag am Ziel eine sichere Zündung eines in der Geschossspitze eingelagerten Pyrotechnische Mischung 3 zu erzielen. Anschließend an den Pyrotechnische Mischung 3 befindet sich ein Durchschlagskern 6, mit seiner frontseitigen zylindrischen Hohlraum 5 in Form einer Bohrung, welche einen Hochleistungssprengstoff 5' aufnimmt. In den Sprengstoff 5' ragt aus dem kegelförmigen Boden eine ogive Spitze 7. Der Durchschlagskern 6 ist einstückig ausgebildet und im Innern des Vollmantels frontseitig im Bereich 8 und heckseitig im Bereich 10 formschlüssig zentriert. Zwischen dem Schaft des Durchschlagskerns 6 und seinem frontseitigen Bereich befinden sich scharfe Übergänge in Form einer umlaufenden Kante 9 welche beim Aufschlag des Geschosses als konzentrische Sollbruchstelle 11 wirkt.In Figure 1 The full jacket of a multi-purpose projectile is designated 1; This projectile is fired in a usual barrel (not shown) in the direction of flight F. The full jacket 1 has a flattened tip 2 in order to achieve reliable ignition of a pyrotechnic mixture 3 stored in the tip of the projectile when it hits the target. Adjacent to the pyrotechnic mixture 3 is a penetration core 6, with its front cylindrical cavity 5 in the form of a bore, which accommodates a high-performance explosive 5 '. A ogive tip 7 protrudes from the cone-shaped base into the explosive 5 '. The penetration core 6 is formed in one piece and is positively centered in the interior of the full casing at the front in area 8 and at the rear in area 10. Between the shaft of the penetration core 6 and its front area there are sharp transitions in the form of a circumferential edge 9 which acts as a concentric predetermined breaking point 11 when the projectile hits.

Peripher zum Schaft des Kerns 6 ist ein Verbundwerkstoff 4 eingelagert, der in eine Polymermatrix ein Metallpulver enthält, welches sich im Ziel ebenfalls entzündet.A composite material 4 is embedded peripheral to the shaft of the core 6, which contains a metal powder in a polymer matrix, which also ignites in the target.

Analog zu Fig. 1 ist das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2 ausgestaltet; es enthält zusätzlich in einer heckseitigen Bohrung 13 eine Markierladung 14 (auch Leuchtsatz genannt), die beim Abschuss des Geschosses durch eine Zündladung 12 initiiert wird. - Dies erlaubt eine Verfolgung der Flugbahn bis zum Ziel. Auch hier erzeugt der Pyrotechnische Mischung 3 beim Aufprall auf das Ziel einen Lichtblitz, der eine sichere Detektion des Einschlags im Ziel gewährleistet. Das frontseitige Teil des Durchschlagskerns 6 dringt beim Aufschlag ins Ziel ein, wo der Hochleistungssprengstoff 5' detoniert und die zylindrische Ausnehmung 6' an den Sollbruchstellen abtrennt und zersplittert. Dadurch entsteht eine Art Vorbohrung, so dass das verbleibende Teil des Durchschlagskerns 6 mit seiner ogiven Spitze 7 das Ziel durchschlagen kann und gleichzeitig den beim Aufschlag, mit geringer Verzögerung ebenfalls initiierten Verbundwerkstoff 4 (Polymermatrix/Metallpulver) als Brandsatz mitführt.Analogous to Fig. 1 is the exemplary embodiment Fig. 2 designed; It also contains a marking charge 14 (also called a flare charge) in a rear bore 13, which is initiated by an ignition charge 12 when the projectile is fired. - This allows the trajectory to be tracked to the target. Here too it creates Pyrotechnic mixture 3 produces a flash of light upon impact with the target, which ensures reliable detection of the impact on the target. The front part of the penetration core 6 penetrates the target upon impact, where the high-performance explosive 5 'detonates and the cylindrical recess 6' separates and fragments at the predetermined breaking points. This creates a kind of pre-drilling so that the remaining part of the penetration core 6 can penetrate the target with its ogive tip 7 and at the same time carries the composite material 4 (polymer matrix/metal powder), which was also initiated upon impact with a slight delay, as an incendiary device.

Der weitere Verbundstoff 4 wurde schichtweise in den Vollmantel mittels Spritztechnik peripher formgenau angelagert. Er brennt dementsprechend mit einer nochmaligen geringfügigen zeitlichen Verzögerung im Ziel ab und erhöht damit die totale Brandwirkung beim Durchschlag. Dadurch wird die gesamte Leuchtdauer erhöht und damit die Treffermarkierungszeit verlängert.The further composite material 4 was deposited peripherally in layers in the full jacket using spraying technology with precise shape. Accordingly, it burns at the target with a further slight delay, thereby increasing the total fire effect upon penetration. This increases the overall lighting duration and thus extends the hit marking time.

Alternativ können - hier nicht gezeichnet - am Heckteil des Durchschlagskerns 6 Sacklochbohrungen vorhanden sein, die zusammen mit radialen Bohrungen das Einpressen des peripheren Verbundwerkstoffs 4 ermöglichen. Dies ergibt, durch die Wahl des Druckverlaufs beim Einpressen des Verbundwerkstoffs 4 den Vorteil einer präzisen Einstellung der Elastizität (Reibung im Lauf) des Vollmantels 1.Alternatively - not shown here - there can be 6 blind holes on the rear part of the penetration core, which, together with radial holes, enable the peripheral composite material 4 to be pressed in. By choosing the pressure profile when pressing in the composite material 4, this results in the advantage of a precise adjustment of the elasticity (friction during running) of the solid casing 1.

Weitere Ausführungsbeispiele von Durchschlagskernen sind in Fig. 3 bis Fig. 6 ersichtlich. Fig. 3 zeigt den Durchschlagskern 6 mit seinem Frontteil 6', mit dem kegelförmigen Boden mit kegelförmiger Spitze 7', mit einem Kegelwinkel α von 60°. Die Variante nach Fig. 4 enthält an Stelle eines spitzen Kegels eine Ausnehmung mit einem konkaven Boden im Frontteil 6", mit einem Kegelwinkel von 120°. Fig. 5 enthält zusätzlich zu der Darstellung nach Fig. 3, zwölf longitudinale Kerben 15 im Frontteil 6‴, wodurch die Kerben 15 ein sicheres Zersplittern des frontseitigen Teils des Durchschlagskerns 6‴ sichern. Fig. 6 ist eine Ansicht auf das Frontteil 6‴, worin man die Kerben 15, leicht als Sollbruchstellen erkennt.Further embodiments of breakdown cores are in Fig. 3 to Fig. 6 visible. Fig. 3 shows the penetration core 6 with its front part 6 ', with the conical bottom with a conical tip 7', with a cone angle α of 60 °. The variant according to Fig. 4 Instead of a pointed cone, contains a recess with a concave bottom in the front part 6", with a cone angle of 120°. Fig. 5 contains in addition to the illustration Fig. 3 , twelve longitudinal notches 15 in the front part 6‴, whereby the notches 15 ensure safe splintering of the front part of the penetration core 6‴. Fig. 6 is a view of the front part 6‴, in which you can easily see the notches 15 as predetermined breaking points.

Die Ausgestaltung der Spitzen 7, 7' kann dem hauptsächlichen Einsatzzweck des Geschosses angepasst werden: So ist eine ogive Spitze 7 günstig um ein Abprallen des Geschosses bei dessen schiefwinkligen Auftreffen am Ziel zu verhindern. Die Varianten nach den Beispielen 3 bis 5 sind fertigungstechnisch günstig. Die Kerben 15, Fig. 5 und Fig. 6 sind aus Darstellungsgründen grösser gezeichnet; als hohe Kerbfaktoren genügen bekanntlich Spitzeinkerbungen von wenigen Zehntelmilimetern, die durch Stoßen (Räumnadel) leicht erzeugbar sind.The design of the tips 7, 7 'can be adapted to the main intended use of the projectile: a ogive tip 7 is advantageous in order to prevent the projectile from ricochet when it hits the target at an oblique angle. The variants according to Examples 3 to 5 are favorable in terms of production technology. The notches 15, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are drawn larger for illustration purposes; As is well known, tip notches of a few tenths of a millimeter, which can be easily created by pushing (broaching), are sufficient as high notch factors.

Als Pyrotechnische Mischung 3 eignen sich Verbundstoffe bei denen ein Metallpulver in eine Polymermatrix eingelagert ist. Besonders bewährt hat sich als Polymermatrix Polyetherketon, wie in der PCT/EP2016/069462 vorgeschlagen wurde. Diese Art Verbundstoff lässt sich schichtweise in die Spitze des Vollmantels 1 - über dessen heckseitige Bohrung - einspritzen, bevor die nachfolgenden Bestandteile eingefügt werden und der Boden gebördelt wird.Composites in which a metal powder is embedded in a polymer matrix are suitable as pyrotechnic mixture 3. Polyetherketone has proven particularly useful as a polymer matrix, as in PCT/EP2016/069462 was proposed. This type of composite material can be injected layer by layer into the tip of the solid casing 1 - via its rear bore - before the subsequent components are inserted and the base is flanged.

Als Hochleistungssprengstoff 5 eignen sich Pentrit (PETN), Hexogen (RDX), insbesondere aber Octastit 8 (nach EP -A1- o 068 528 ), welcher auf Grund seiner hohen Phlegmatisierung hochverdichtet und trotzdem zeitgerecht wirkt, d.i. erst nach dem Eindringen ins Ziel explodiert und dem Durchschlagskern "freie Bahn" gibt.Suitable high-performance explosives 5 are pentrite (PETN), hexogen (RDX), but especially octastite 8 (according to EP -A1- o 068 528 ), which, due to its high level of phlegmatization, is highly dense and yet acts in a timely manner, i.e. it only explodes after penetrating the target and gives the penetration core "free passage".

Besondere Erwartungen werden in die hochenergetischen Nano-Sprengstoffe gesetzt, deren Sprengwirkung ein Mehrfaches bisheriger Hochleistungssprengstoffe betragen soll. Derartige Nanomaterialien werden derzeit entwickelt und untersucht; sie dienen generell als Treibladungen und pyrotechnische Komponenten. Siehe dazu: www.isl.eu/de/forschung/neue-energetische-stoffe-und-schutzmaterialien. Sowie "Treibstoffe & Treibladung Systeme": www.ict.fraunhofer.de/de/komp/em/treib.html.Particular expectations are placed on high-energy nano-explosives, whose explosive effect is said to be several times greater than that of previous high-performance explosives. Such nanomaterials are currently being developed and investigated; they generally serve as propellants and pyrotechnic components. See: www.isl.eu/de/forschung/neue-energetische-stoffe-und-schutzstoffe. As well as “Fuels & Propellant Systems”: www.ict.fraunhofer.de/de/komp/em/treib.html.

Der Erfindungsgegenstand stellt eine offene Konstruktion dar, d.h. sie kann auf verschiedenste Art modifiziert, mit unterschiedlichen Materialien kombiniert und an den beabsichtigten, spezifischen Einsatzzweck angepasst werden, so u.a. auch mittels Einlagen aus Metallsplittern.The subject of the invention is an open construction, i.e. it can be modified in a variety of ways, combined with different materials and adapted to the intended, specific purpose, including using inserts made of metal splinters.

Zur Erhöhung der Durchschlagsleistung kann der zylindrische Schaft des Durchschlagskerns 6 ebenfalls ogivenförmig ausgestaltet sein.To increase the penetration power, the cylindrical shaft of the penetration core 6 can also be designed in the shape of an ogive.

BezugszeichenlisteReference symbol list

11
Vollmantel (Mehrzweckgeschoss)Full jacket (multi-purpose bullet)
22
abgeplattete Spitzeflattened tip
33
Pyrotechnische Mischung (Ladung)Pyrotechnic mixture (charge)
44
VerbundwerkstoffComposite material
55
Hohlraumcavity
5'5'
HochleistungssprengstoffHigh-performance explosive
66
Durchschlagskern, einstückigPenetration core, one piece
6'6'
zylindrisches Frontteil von 6 (mit kegel-förmigem Boden)cylindrical front part of 6 (with cone-shaped bottom)
6"6"
zylindrisches Frontteil von 6 (mit konkavem Boden)cylindrical front part of 6 (with concave bottom)
6‴6‴
zylindrisches Frontteil von 6 mit zusätzlichen Kerbfaktorencylindrical front part of 6 with additional notch factors
77
ogive Spitze an 6 (gehärtet)ogive tip at 6 (hardened)
7'7'
kegelförmige Spitze an 6 (gehärtet)conical tip at 6 (hardened)
88th
frontseitiger Formschlussfront positive fit
99
umlaufende scharfe Kantesurrounding sharp edge
1010
heckseitiger Formschlussrear form fit
1111
Sollbruchstellen (konzentrisch)Predetermined breaking points (concentric)
1212
heckseitige Zündladungrear ignition charge
1313
Bohrungdrilling
1414
MarkierladungMarking charge
1515
Kerben (longitudinal)Notches (longitudinal)
FF
FlugrichtungDirection of flight
αα
Kegelwinkel von 7'Taper angle of 7'
ββ
konkaver Kegelwinkelconcave cone angle

Claims (15)

  1. A full jacked multi-purpose projectile having a central punch through core with a recess on the front side and at least one pyrotechnic charge mounted in front of the punch through core, wherein the punch through core comprises a predetermined breaking point which splinters on impact with the target, characterized in that the punch through core (6, 6') comprises an open cavity (5) on its front part, wherein the open cavity (5) is filled with an explosive charge (5'), and comprises a constriction, in such a way that, on impact with a target, a splintering effect occurs due to a predetermined break between the cavity (5) and a sharp edge (9) at the constriction.
  2. A full jacked multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the full jacket (1) consists of copper or a copper-containing alloy or cladding.
  3. A full jacked multi-purpose projectile according to claim 2, characterized in that the full jacket (1) and/or its cladding consists of tombac.
  4. A full jacked multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that pyrotechnic mixture (3) peripherally mounted on the punch through core (6, 6') is a polymer matrix, preferably polyether ketones with incorporated metal powder, such as titanium, magnesium, aluminum or zirconium, and/or mixtures thereof.
  5. A full jacked multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that a high-performance explosive (5') is pressed, injected, or glued into the cavity (5) of the front part (6').
  6. A full jacked multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the punch through core (6, 6') in the full jacket (1) contacts the full jacked (1) partially in a form-fitting manner on the front side (8) and on the back side (10).
  7. A full jacked multi-purpose projectile according to claim 6, characterized in that the interspace between the contact points (8, 10) of the punch through core (6, 6') and the full jacket (1) is filled by a flammable polymer mixture and/or by powdery flammable metals (4).
  8. A full jacked multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that a pyrotechnic marking charge (14) is provided in the back of the punch through core (6, 6') for trajectory tracking, wherein the pyrotechnic marking charge (14) is initiated by an ignition charge (12) on firing from a barrel.
  9. A full jacked multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that an ogive or cone shaped hardened point (7, 7') protrudes into the back of the cavity (5) of the front part (6').
  10. A full jacked multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the entire front part (6) is hardened.
  11. A full jacked multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that a concave, cone shaped recess (6') having a cone angle (β) from 90° to 120° is provided in the back of the cavity (5) of the front part (6').
  12. A full jacked multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that longitudinal notches (15) are formed in equal distances into the cavity (5).
  13. A full jacked multi-purpose projectile according to claim 5, characterized in that the high-performance explosive (5') is penthrite (PETN), or hexogen (RDX), or octastite 8.
  14. A full jacked multi-purpose projectile according to claim 5, characterized in that the high-performance explosive (5') is an energetic nanomaterial.
  15. A full jacked multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a calibre of 12,7 mm.
EP19154258.8A 2016-10-20 2016-10-20 Multi-purpose projectile Active EP3514479B1 (en)

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EP19154258.8A EP3514479B1 (en) 2016-10-20 2016-10-20 Multi-purpose projectile
EP16405018.9A EP3312546B1 (en) 2016-10-20 2016-10-20 Multi-purpose projectile

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HR (1) HRP20190745T1 (en)
HU (1) HUE044204T2 (en)
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DE102017106526A1 (en) * 2017-03-27 2018-10-11 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Bullet, especially in the middle caliber range
DE102019135870A1 (en) * 2019-12-30 2021-07-01 Ruag Ammotec Ag Projectile and ammunition
EP4163584B1 (en) * 2021-10-05 2024-12-04 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Method for finishing a base component and component with such a post-processed base component

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DE308457C (en) * 1918-04-25 1920-01-08 Becker Ludwig FIRE BULLET WITH STEEL CORE
DE1240760B (en) * 1962-12-24 1967-05-18 Diehl Fa Tank incendiary bullet
NO137297C (en) 1976-07-01 1978-02-01 Raufoss Ammunisjonsfabrikker PROJECT.
US4444112A (en) 1981-03-27 1984-04-24 A/S Raufoss Ammunisjonsfabrikker Multi-capability projectile and method of making same
CA1195122A (en) 1981-05-25 1985-10-15 Paul Arni Process for preparing a high power explosive, high power explosive produced thereby and method for shaping a high power
BE905373A (en) * 1986-09-04 1987-03-04 Herstal Sa Anti-tank shell with casing and axial bore - contg. explosive and incendiary charges and a plug
NO172865B1 (en) 1991-08-01 1993-09-15 Raufoss As Multi-effect projectile and method of its manufacture

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EP3514479C0 (en) 2024-02-28
EP3514479A1 (en) 2019-07-24
HUE044204T2 (en) 2019-10-28
SI3312546T1 (en) 2019-08-30
HRP20190745T1 (en) 2019-06-14
EP3312546B1 (en) 2019-01-30

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