WO2003104791A1 - Gasmessfühler und verfahren zu seiner herstellung - Google Patents
Gasmessfühler und verfahren zu seiner herstellung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003104791A1 WO2003104791A1 PCT/DE2003/001578 DE0301578W WO03104791A1 WO 2003104791 A1 WO2003104791 A1 WO 2003104791A1 DE 0301578 W DE0301578 W DE 0301578W WO 03104791 A1 WO03104791 A1 WO 03104791A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sealing element
- gas
- sensor
- glass
- receptacle
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
- G01N27/4078—Means for sealing the sensor element in a housing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
Definitions
- the invention is based on a gas sensor according to the preamble of the independent claim.
- the gas sensor has a metallic housing in which two ceramic molded parts are arranged axially one behind the other and have openings for receiving a sensor element. There is a between the ceramic moldings
- the molded ceramic part comprises the sensor element in the middle.
- the sensor element On its end facing the measuring gas, the sensor element has one or more measuring elements, in particular electrochemical cells.
- the sensor element At the end of the sensor element facing away from the measurement gas are on the sensor element Contact surfaces are provided which are electrically connected by means of contacting with conductor elements leading out of the gas sensor.
- the sensor element is surrounded by a glass seal between the ceramic molded part and the end of the sensor element facing the contact.
- the glass seal is arranged in a metallic receptacle, which is fixed to the housing by a welded connection.
- the metallic receptacle, the end of the sensor element facing the contact, and the contact are surrounded by a metallic sleeve, which in turn is connected to the housing by a further welded connection.
- the recess of the ceramic molded part for receiving the sensor element is dimensioned such that the sensor element has play in the recess. Because the sensor element is only on its
- the sensor element can vibrate in the recess of the ceramic molding due to the vibrations occurring during operation, which can lead to damage to the sensor element.
- the installation of the sensor element in the rigid ceramic molded part is complex and technically difficult and can lead to damage to the sensor element.
- the gas sensor according to the invention with the characterizing features of independent claim 1 and the method according to the invention for producing the gas sensor has the advantage that the sealing of a sensor element in a housing by means of at least one sealing element takes place in a technically simple and cost-effective manner, the sensor element being in operation occurring vibrations is insensitive. This is the
- Sealing element arranged in a metallic receptacle, which in turn is fixed to the metallic housing, and the sealing element comprises the sensor element along its longitudinal extent L in the center or on the side facing the measurement gas.
- the sensor element is essentially by the sealing element arranged in the metallic receptacle (and also to a lesser extent by the
- a molded ceramic part can thus be saved, so that the metallic holder can be directly exposed to the measurement gas.
- the sealing element advantageously consists predominantly of glass or glass ceramic and forms a material connection to the sensor element and the metallic molded part.
- a glass seal or a glass ceramic seal can adapt to the shape of the sensor element. This means that even curved sensor elements can be held securely.
- the expansion coefficient of the sealing element and the expansion coefficient of the sensor element differ by a maximum of 10 percent.
- the glass or glass ceramic is introduced into the receptacle, for example, as a powder spill, in the form of a pre-pressed or fused glass pill or in the form of a pre-pressed powder mixture in tablet form.
- the glass contains a glass-forming component, the glass ceramic has a ceramic one
- Component and a glass-forming component for example in the form of a ceramic powder and a glass-forming powder.
- the glass-forming component of the glass or glass ceramic melts and forms a material connection to the surrounding materials.
- the metallic receptacle is advantageously fixed to the housing by a material-locking connection, in particular by laser welding. Furthermore, on the side of the gas measuring sensor facing away from the measuring gas, a sleeve is provided, which comprises a section of the sensor element and the contacting of the sensor element. The metallic receptacle and the sleeve are fixed to the housing by a common material connection. A welded connection, in particular a circular weld seam produced by laser welding, is particularly favorable in terms of production technology.
- the metallic receptacle is advantageously shaped like a pot, the bottom of the pot-shaped metallic receptacle having a recess for receiving the sensor element. At its open end, the metallic receptacle has a section which extends outwards perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the metallic receptacle, to which a further sleeve-shaped section adjoins, so that the metallic
- the distance of the sensor element from the side wall of the pot-shaped metal receptacle is at least in regions less than or equal to twice the height of the sensor element.
- the height of the sensor element is understood to mean the expansion of the sensor element perpendicular to its large area.
- the metallic receptacle contains a first and a second sealing element.
- the two sealing elements contain glass or glass ceramic as the main component and are arranged one behind the other in the receptacle in the longitudinal direction of the sensor element.
- the glass-forming component of the first sealing element facing the measuring gas has a higher melting point than the glass-forming component of the second sealing element facing away from the measuring gas.
- the composite of metallic receptacle, first and second sealing element and sensor element is heated to a temperature at which the glass-forming component of the second sealing element melts completely, while the glass-forming component of the first sealing element does not melt or does not melt completely.
- Sealing element forms a gas-tight, cohesive connection to the sensor element and metallic receptacle, and that the first sealing element prevents the glass of the second sealing element from flowing out of the receptacle. It can further be provided that the second sealing element is arranged between the first sealing element and a third sealing element, the third
- Sealing element has a viscous consistency at the operating temperatures of the gas sensor. With this arrangement of the sealing elements, the risk of cracking of the glass or glass ceramic and the risk of breakage of the sensor element in the region of the transition from glass / glass ceramic to air is reduced. - _) -
- the metallic receptacle contains a first and a second sealing element, which are arranged one behind the other in the receptacle in the longitudinal direction of the sensor element.
- the first sealing element facing the measuring gas contains a sintered ceramic
- the second sealing element facing away from the measuring gas contains a glass or a glass ceramic.
- the first sealing element prevents the glass or the glass ceramic of the second sealing element from flowing out of the ceramic receptacle during the manufacture of the gas measuring sensor.
- a disk made of compressed ceramic powder material can be provided as the third sealing element between the first and the second sealing element.
- the sensor element and a sealing element or a plurality of sealing elements are introduced into the metallic receptacle and subjected to a heat treatment during which the glass-forming component melts at least one sealing element, so that the sensor element in the L 5 metallic receptacle is sealed gas-tight by the sealing element ,
- the composite of metallic receptacle, sealing element and sensor element is then introduced into the housing and the metallic receptacle is fixed in the housing.
- FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a gas sensor according to the invention in a sectional view
- FIG. 2a shows a section line Ha - Ha in FIG. 2b
- FIG. 3 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a gas sensor according to the invention in a sectional view
- FIG. 4a shows a section of a metallic receptacle corresponding to the section line IVa - IVa in FIG. 4b
- FIG. 4b shows a view of the metallic one
- Figures 5 to 8 is a sectional view of a first, second, third and fourth embodiment of the first embodiment of the gas sensor according to the invention.
- Description of the embodiments 1 shows, as the first exemplary embodiment of the invention, a partial section of a gas sensor 10.
- the gas sensor 10 is used, for example, to determine the temperature or the oxygen content of a measuring gas and can be installed in a measuring opening of an exhaust gas line of an internal combustion engine (not shown).
- the gas sensor 10 has a housing 21 with a thread 23 and a hexagon
- the housing 21 surrounds a planar, elongated sensor element 20, which is constructed as a ceramic multilayer system.
- the sensor element 20 contains measuring elements, such as electrodes or heaters, on a first section 26 exposed to the measuring gas.
- the first section 26 of the sensor element 20 protrudes out of the housing 21 into a measuring gas space 28, which extends from a protective tube fixed to the housing 21
- the protective tube 24 is surrounded.
- the protective tube 24 has openings (without reference numerals) which allow the measurement gas to access the first section 26 of the sensor element 20.
- contact points are provided on the outer surfaces of the sensor element 20.
- the contact points are electrically connected to the measuring elements by supply lines arranged in the layer composite of the sensor element 20.
- the contact points are electrically contacted by a contacting device with conductor elements (not shown), through which the measuring elements are connected to evaluation electronics provided outside the sensor element 20.
- Sensor element 20 and the contacting device is surrounded by a sleeve 25 which is fixed to the housing 21.
- a partial section of the sleeve 25 is shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 5 to 8.
- a sealing element 32 is provided, which is arranged in a metallic receptacle 31 for the sealing element 32.
- the metallic receptacle 31 is shown as an individual element in FIGS. 2a and 2b.
- the sealing element 32 surrounds a longitudinal section of the sensor element 20. This longitudinal section is provided in the middle of the sensor element 20 (in relation to its longitudinal extent L) or on the half of the sensor element 20 facing the measuring gas.
- the sealing element 32 thus also serves as a holder for the sensor element 20 and prevents the sensor element 20 from vibrating in the housing 21.
- the sealing element 32 consists of a glass or a glass ceramic and is introduced into the metallic receptacle 31 in the form of a glass powder or a mixture of a ceramic powder (ceramic component) and a glass-forming powder (glass-forming component).
- the glass powder or the glass-forming powder is mainly based on the oxides BaO, SrO, ZnO, B 2 0 3 , A1 2 0 3 , MgO, CaO and / or Si0 2 .
- the ceramic powder preferably consists of steatite, forsterite, A1 2 0 3 , A1 2 0 3 • MgO or Zr0 2 stabilized with CaO, MgO or Y 2 0 3 or mixtures thereof.
- the starting material for the sealing element 32 is introduced as a powder bed into the metallic receptacle 31 with the sensor element 20 and is mechanically compressed.
- the starting material can be introduced into the receptacle 31 together with the sensor element 20 as a pre-pressed or fused glass pill or as a pre-pressed powder mixture in tablet form, the glass pill or the pre-pressed powder mixture having a recess for receiving the sensor element 20.
- the glass-forming component of the glass or the glass ceramic melts, so that a gas-tight connection between the sensor element 20 and the sealing element 32 and between the metallic receptacle 31 and the sealing element 32 forms.
- a partial or complete crystallization of the glass or the glass-forming components can be generated by a targeted temperature control, so that the sealing element 32 is present as partially or fully crystallized glass ceramic after the temperature treatment.
- the metallic receptacle 31 is shaped like a pot.
- the bottom 35 of the metallic receptacle 31 has a recess 33 in the center for the sensor element 20.
- the recess 33 has a rectangular shape corresponding to the cross section of the sensor element 20.
- the distance between sensor element 20 and receptacle 31 must be so small in the region of the recess 33 that the sealing element 32 does not flow out during the melting process.
- a collar 34 is provided, which can be placed on the housing 21.
- the collar 34 encompasses the housing 21 on its side facing away from the measurement gas and in turn becomes encompassed by the sleeve 25.
- the sleeve 25 and the collar 34 are fixed to the housing 21 by a common circular weld seam.
- the measuring gas space 28 is delimited by the receptacle 31 and by the protective tube 24. Apart from the sensor element 20, no further elements are provided in the measuring gas space 28.
- FIG. 3 shows, as a second exemplary embodiment of the invention, a partial section of a gas sensor 10.
- the second exemplary embodiment differs from the first exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 in the design of the receptacle 31.
- Corresponding elements were identified in FIG. 3 with the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1.
- the distance of the sensor element 20 from the wall of the pot-shaped receptacle 31 corresponds approximately to the height of the sensor element 20 (that is to say the extent of the sensor element 20 in the direction perpendicular to its large area), but at most twice the height of the sensor element 20.
- the shape of the wall of the receptacle 31 largely corresponds to the shape of the sensor element 20, that is, the wall is rectangular in cross section. The edges of the wall are rounded.
- the receptacle 31 has no collar 34.
- an S-shaped metallic intermediate piece 36 is provided, which is fixed to the metallic receptacle 31 and to the housing 21 by a welded connection 41.
- FIGS. 4a and 4b show a receptacle 31 which is the same as that shown in FIG.
- Embodiment tightly encloses the sensor element 20, but has a collar 34 through which the metallic receptacle 31 is fixed to the housing 21 by means of a welded connection, as in the first embodiment.
- FIGS. 5 to 8 show different embodiments of the gas sensor 10, which differ from the first embodiment in the design of the sealing elements. Corresponding elements were designated in FIGS. 5 to 8 with the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1.
- the metallic receptacle 31 contains a first sealing element 321 and a second sealing element 322, the first sealing element 321 being provided on the side of the metallic receptacle 31 facing the measuring gas.
- the two sealing elements 321, 322 essentially consist of a glass or a glass ceramic, the melting temperature of the glass of the first sealing element 321 being above the temperature to which the composite of the receptacle 31, the first and second sealing elements 321, 322 and the sensor element 20 is heated to melt the glass of the second sealing element 322.
- the second sealing element 322 is thus connected to the housing 21 and the sensor element 20 in a coherent manner and seals the sensor element 20 in the housing 21 of the gas sensor 10 in a gas-tight manner.
- the glass-forming component of the first sealing element 321 is not completely melted during manufacture. This prevents the material of the second sealing element 322 from flowing out of the receptacle 31 when it melts.
- FIG. 6 corresponds to the embodiment according to
- FIG. 5 additionally has a third sealing element 323, which is arranged on the side of the second sealing element 322 facing away from the measurement gas.
- the third sealing element 323 essentially consists of a glass or a glass ceramic and has the property of assuming a viscous consistency at the temperatures to which the gas sensor 10 is exposed when used as intended.
- the receptacle 31 contains a first sealing element 331 and a second sealing element 332, the first sealing element 331 being provided on the side of the receptacle 31 facing the measurement gas.
- the first sealing element 331 is a sintered ceramic disk with a recess for the
- the second sealing element 332 contains a glass or a glass ceramic, as in the first and second exemplary embodiments.
- the first sealing element 331 prevents the glass-forming component from flowing out of the receptacle 31 when it melts.
- the recess 33 for the sensor element 20 is designed wider in this embodiment (the distance of the bottom of the receptacle 31 to
- Sensor element 20 corresponds, for example, to the height of sensor element 20), so that sensor element 20 can be inserted into recess 33 more easily.
- the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 corresponds to the embodiment according to FIG. 7 and additionally contains a third sealing element 333, which is between the first and the second sealing element 331, 332 is arranged.
- the third sealing element 333 is a disk made of compressed ceramic powder material, which additionally prevents the material of the second sealing element 332 from flowing out during melting.
- the third sealing element 333 can replace the second sealing element 332.
- sealing elements from one embodiment can be replaced by sealing elements from another embodiment or sealing elements from another
- Embodiment can be added.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/516,723 US7454949B2 (en) | 2002-06-06 | 2003-05-15 | Gas sensor and method for production thereof |
EP03737898A EP1514098A1 (de) | 2002-06-06 | 2003-05-15 | Gasmessfühler und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
JP2004511812A JP4235612B2 (ja) | 2002-06-06 | 2003-05-15 | ガスセンサ及びガスセンサを製造する方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10225150.9 | 2002-06-06 | ||
DE10225150A DE10225150A1 (de) | 2002-06-06 | 2002-06-06 | Gasmessfühler |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003104791A1 true WO2003104791A1 (de) | 2003-12-18 |
Family
ID=29723090
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2003/001578 WO2003104791A1 (de) | 2002-06-06 | 2003-05-15 | Gasmessfühler und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7454949B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1514098A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4235612B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10225150A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003104791A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140174177A1 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Gas sensor with thermal shock protection |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030131552A1 (en) * | 2002-01-15 | 2003-07-17 | Franz Leichtfried | Siding system |
DE102004056417A1 (de) * | 2004-11-23 | 2006-05-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Gasmessfühler |
DE102005020793B4 (de) * | 2005-05-04 | 2021-01-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Gasmessfühler zur Bestimmung der physikalischen Eigenschaft eines Messgases |
US7980132B2 (en) | 2008-08-26 | 2011-07-19 | Caterpillar Inc. | Sensor assembly having a thermally insulating enclosure |
JP2011226859A (ja) * | 2010-04-16 | 2011-11-10 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | 粒子状物質検出装置 |
WO2013005491A1 (ja) * | 2011-07-04 | 2013-01-10 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ガスセンサの組立方法、ガスセンサの組立装置、被環装部材の環装方法、および筒状体の環装方法 |
FR2979017B1 (fr) * | 2011-08-08 | 2013-09-20 | Electricfil Automotive | Capteur d'echappement pour un moteur a combustion interne |
MX2016008049A (es) * | 2013-12-20 | 2018-01-23 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance | Sensor de la conductividad, y bomba que comprende tal sensor. |
US9557197B2 (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2017-01-31 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Gas sensor with a seal and method of making |
US9816960B2 (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2017-11-14 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Gas sensor and method of making |
JP6796462B2 (ja) * | 2016-11-16 | 2020-12-09 | 東京窯業株式会社 | 固体電解質センサ及び固体電解質センサの製造方法 |
DE102018117513A1 (de) * | 2017-07-20 | 2019-01-24 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Gassensor |
JP7044668B2 (ja) * | 2018-08-31 | 2022-03-30 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | ガスセンサ |
JP6988850B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-14 | 2022-01-05 | 株式会社デンソー | ガスセンサの製造方法 |
JP7396917B2 (ja) | 2020-02-12 | 2023-12-12 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ガスセンサ |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0398579A2 (de) * | 1989-05-15 | 1990-11-22 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Gasfühler |
DE19751424A1 (de) * | 1997-05-15 | 1998-11-19 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Sensorelementdichtung für einen Gasmeßfühler |
EP0939314A2 (de) * | 1998-02-26 | 1999-09-01 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd | Gassensor |
WO2000029838A1 (de) * | 1998-11-16 | 2000-05-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Dichtung für ein sensorelement eines gassensors und verfahren zur herstellung der dichtung |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2659791B2 (ja) * | 1989-03-13 | 1997-09-30 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 防水型酸素センサ |
US5329806A (en) * | 1993-05-11 | 1994-07-19 | General Motors Corporation | Exhaust sensor with tubular shell |
EP0704697A1 (de) * | 1994-09-27 | 1996-04-03 | General Motors Corporation | Abgassensor mit keramischem Rohr in einer Metalltubepackung |
US5739414A (en) * | 1996-02-12 | 1998-04-14 | General Motors Corporation | Sensor with glass seal |
DE19608543A1 (de) * | 1996-03-06 | 1997-09-11 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Meßfühler |
DE19707456A1 (de) | 1997-02-25 | 1998-08-27 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Meßfühler und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
EP0912888A1 (de) | 1997-05-15 | 1999-05-06 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensorelementdichtung für einen gasmessfühler |
DE19739435A1 (de) * | 1997-09-09 | 1999-03-11 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Meßfühler |
JP3786330B2 (ja) * | 1997-12-26 | 2006-06-14 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | ガスセンサ |
JP3735206B2 (ja) * | 1997-12-26 | 2006-01-18 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | ガスセンサ |
DE19850959A1 (de) * | 1998-11-05 | 2000-05-11 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Meßfühler und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
US6266997B1 (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 2001-07-31 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Thermal management of a sensor |
US6673224B2 (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2004-01-06 | Denso Corporation | Sealing structure of gas sensor |
US6453726B1 (en) * | 2000-12-06 | 2002-09-24 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Gas sensor with U-type gasket |
DE10123168C1 (de) * | 2001-05-12 | 2002-11-07 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Dichtungsanordnung für einen Gasmeßfühler und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Dichtungsanordnung |
-
2002
- 2002-06-06 DE DE10225150A patent/DE10225150A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2003
- 2003-05-15 US US10/516,723 patent/US7454949B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-05-15 JP JP2004511812A patent/JP4235612B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-05-15 EP EP03737898A patent/EP1514098A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-05-15 WO PCT/DE2003/001578 patent/WO2003104791A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0398579A2 (de) * | 1989-05-15 | 1990-11-22 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Gasfühler |
DE19751424A1 (de) * | 1997-05-15 | 1998-11-19 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Sensorelementdichtung für einen Gasmeßfühler |
EP0939314A2 (de) * | 1998-02-26 | 1999-09-01 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd | Gassensor |
WO2000029838A1 (de) * | 1998-11-16 | 2000-05-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Dichtung für ein sensorelement eines gassensors und verfahren zur herstellung der dichtung |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140174177A1 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Gas sensor with thermal shock protection |
US9297791B2 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2016-03-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Gas sensor with thermal shock protection |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10225150A1 (de) | 2004-01-15 |
US20060162422A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
EP1514098A1 (de) | 2005-03-16 |
JP4235612B2 (ja) | 2009-03-11 |
JP2005529331A (ja) | 2005-09-29 |
US7454949B2 (en) | 2008-11-25 |
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