WO2003102080A1 - Dispersions aqueuses hybrides a base de polymeres urethannes/olefiniques, leur procede de preparation et leur utilisation - Google Patents

Dispersions aqueuses hybrides a base de polymeres urethannes/olefiniques, leur procede de preparation et leur utilisation Download PDF

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WO2003102080A1
WO2003102080A1 PCT/CN2003/000388 CN0300388W WO03102080A1 WO 2003102080 A1 WO2003102080 A1 WO 2003102080A1 CN 0300388 W CN0300388 W CN 0300388W WO 03102080 A1 WO03102080 A1 WO 03102080A1
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aqueous
monomer
prepolymer
diisocyanate
acid
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PCT/CN2003/000388
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French (fr)
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Youlu Duan
Hexian Zou
Gang Duan
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Youlu Duan
Hexian Zou
Gang Duan
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Priority to AU2003244048A priority Critical patent/AU2003244048A1/en
Publication of WO2003102080A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003102080A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D175/00Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D175/04Polyurethanes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J175/00Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J175/04Polyurethanes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2270/00Compositions for creating interpenetrating networks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an organic polymer material, that is, an aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion liquid that can be used as a coating and an adhesive, and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersions are a new class of organic polymer materials developed on the basis of olefin emulsions and aqueous polyurethane dispersions. They can be used as coatings and adhesives.
  • U.S. Patent (1) USP 4318831 (Guangl anywaydo Matthew) polymerizes olefin monomers in the presence of water-soluble polyurethane to produce water-based coatings that can be used as automotive paints.
  • USP 4644030 (Loewrigkeit Peter) invented a method for preparing waterborne polyurethane-polyolefin components: a) preparing an NCO-terminated polyurethane prepolymer in the presence of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, b) A mixture of polymer and monomer is dispersed in water, c) prepolymer chain extension, and d) olefin monomer is polymerized in the presence of aqueous polyurethane.
  • US patent (4) USP 4730021 (Zom Waiter et al.) Invented a process step for preparing water-based urethane-acrylate copolymers: a) reaction of active hydrogen-containing acrylic monomer with excess diisocyanate to produce a A monoacrylate adduct, b) the adduct and other polyisocyanates react with the polyglycol and a carboxyl-containing diol to form a prepolymer, c) neutralize the prepolymer and disperse it in water, immediately Chain extension is performed to obtain an acrylate-urethane polymer dispersion, d) the obtained dispersion is used in emulsion polymerization of an olefin monomer to obtain a stable aqueous urethane-acrylate copolymer .
  • USP 4888383 (Huybrechts Jozef) invented a method for preparing water-based polyurethane modified polyacrylate: a) preparing a dispersion or emulsion of polyacrylate containing primary amine or hydrazine group, b) adding A diisocyanate or isocyanate-terminated prepolymer, c) a and b react to extend the chain to obtain a polyurethane-urea modified polyacrylate.
  • US patent (6) USP 4954559 (Den Hartog Herman et al.) Invented a coating composition containing 60-90% water-soluble methylol (meth) acrylamide acrylate polymer and 10-40% water-based polyurethane.
  • USP 603041 (Chung Jocelyn et al.) Invented an aqueous dispersion of a hybrid polymer containing a carboxylic polyurethane and a functional vinyl polymer, which has good wet tack and good solvent resistance .
  • composition of the aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion contains an emulsion of an aqueous polyurethane and an olefin polymer. The two are not simply mixed with particles, but through chemical and physical bonds. The resulting molecular-level mixes, throughout the network, core / shell structure, graft copolymerization, block copolymerization, or a mixture of these forms.
  • the performance of the aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion is much better than the corresponding mixture of aqueous polyurethane dispersion and olefin polymer emulsion; (2) aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer
  • the performance of the dispersion is closer to the properties of water-based polyurethane, such as good strength, toughness, abrasion resistance, and good water resistance, so the water-based polyurethane component contained therein is the key.
  • the Chinese patent that the inventor of this patent has applied for (Chinese Patent Application No. 02110585.5, application date January 18, 2002), "Aqueous polyurethane dispersion used as adhesive and coating and its preparation", this aqueous polyurethane dispersion
  • the liquid is a mixture of three or more isocyanates composed of 1, 6-hexyl diisocyanate (HDI), tetramethylxylylene isocyanate (TMXDI) and other polyisocyanates, using few organic solvents or no organic solvents ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Preparation of the process. It is also a nano-aqueous polyurethane.
  • the aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion of the present invention is invented based on the components of the above-mentioned Chinese patented aqueous polyurethane dispersion.
  • the present invention will provide an aqueous polyurethane component based on three or more isocyanate mixed systems composed of 1, 6-hexyl diisocyanate (HDI), tetramethylxylylene isocyanate (TMXDI) and other polyisocyanates, and
  • the aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion is composed of chemical and / or physical bonds in the aqueous olefin polymer component.
  • This new water-based urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion is prepared by a process with little or no organic solvents. It has excellent adhesive properties and coating properties, and can be used as coatings and adhesives. Summary of invention
  • the present invention provides a new aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion.
  • the new aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion is based on HDI, TMXDI and other polymers.
  • This new water-based urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion has good film-forming properties, its film has good mechanical properties, can be used as a coating, and has good adhesive properties, and can be used as an adhesive. .
  • aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion of the present invention is composed of the following components through chemical bonds and / or physical bonds:
  • An aqueous polyurethane dispersion which is composed of the reaction product of the following ingredients-
  • an isocyanate component composed of at least three different isocyanates composed of HDI, TMXDI and other polyisocyanates, wherein the weight percentages of the three isocyanates are 1-98: 1-98: 1-98;
  • an organic polyhydroxy compound including polyester polyol, polyether polyol, sulfonic-type polypolyol, poly (ester-ether) polyol, or a physical mixture of the above-mentioned polyols;
  • a chain extender which may be a polyamine compound or a mixture of polyamines, a hydrazine compound, water, or Their mixture.
  • ethylenically unsaturated monomers include:
  • Single and double bond monomers, multiple double bond monomers and their mixtures such as acrylate, methacrylate, ethacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate , Isopropyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, vinyl propionate, vinyl ether, ethylene, vinyl maleate, vinyl fumarate, styrene, acrylonitrile , Acrylamide, butanediol diacrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, butaerythritol triacrylate;
  • olefinic monomers containing anionic and / or ionic groups such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, butenedioic acid, maleic acid, mesuccinic acid, methyl transbutenedioic acid, Fumaric acid, and their corresponding ionic monomers;
  • olefinic monomers containing active hydrogen such as hydroxyethyl acrylate, allyl alcohol, allylamine, N-methylol acrylamide, acrylate of ethylene glycol, and methyl 3-aminoallylate;
  • the weight percentages of 1 and 2 are 5-95: 5-95, respectively.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid high polymer dispersions based on ternary and above ternary isocyanates, such as HDI, TMXDI and other polyisocyanates.
  • the method includes the following: Steps:
  • An isocyanate component composed of at least three different isocyanates composed of HDI, TMXDI, and other polyisocyanates, wherein the weight percentages of the three isocyanates are Bu 98: 1-98: 1-98;
  • an organic polyhydroxy compound including polyester polyol, polyether polyol, sulfonic-type polypolyol, poly (ester-ether) polyol, or a physical mixture of the above-mentioned polyols;
  • a chain extender which may be a polyamine compound or a mixture of polyamines, a hydrazine compound, water, or a mixture thereof.
  • pre-emulsified monomer which includes one or more unsaturated ethylenic monomers, water and an emulsifier
  • the particle size of the aqueous polyurethane dispersion 1 can be less than 100 nanometers, and it is monodisperse, the core (aqueous polyurethane) / shell (aqueous olefin polymer) structured aqueous urethane-olefin prepared by this method.
  • the particle size of the hybrid polymer dispersion is still less than 300 nanometers.
  • Monodispersity is a stable dispersion with good film-forming properties. The film has good mechanical properties. It can be used as a coating and has good adhesion. It can be used as an adhesive.
  • the invention also provides another method for preparing ternary and ternary isocyanate-based aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersions such as HDI, TMXDI, and other polyisocyanates, which includes the following steps:
  • HDI, TMXDI and other polyisocyanates composed of at least three different isocyanate isocyanate components, wherein the weight percentages of the three isocyanates are 1-98: 1-98: 1-98;
  • an organic polyhydroxy compound including polyester polyol, polyether polyol, sulfonic-type polypolyol, poly (ester-ether) polyol, or a physical mixture of the above-mentioned polyols; (4) optionally, an aliphatic polyol having a molecular weight from 60 to 400;
  • At least one unsaturated ethylenic monomer such as an acrylate monomer, a vinyl acetate monomer, a vinyl monomer, styrene, and acrylonitrile;
  • an olefinic monomer containing an anionic and / or ionic group such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, butenedioic acid, and their corresponding ionic monomers
  • an unsaturated olefinic monomer containing active hydrogen such as hydroxyethyl acrylate, allyl alcohol, allylamine, and N-methylol acrylamide;
  • the aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion prepared by this method may be a penetrating network structure, but the waterborne polyurethane and the waterborne polyolefin may exist in addition to the physical bond. With the combination of chemical bonds, this hybrid polymer dispersion has good adhesion properties, can be used as an adhesive, and has good film-forming properties, and is suitable for use as a coating.
  • the present invention further provides a third method for preparing aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersions based on ternary and ternary isocyanates based on HDI, TXDI and other polyisocyanates, including the following steps:
  • a water-dispersible isocyanate-terminated polyurethane prepolymer is prepared by using an inert unsaturated ethylenic monomer as a solvent.
  • the prepolymer is formed by reacting the following raw materials:
  • HDI, TMXDI and other polyisocyanates composed of at least three different isocyanate isocyanate components, wherein the weight percentages of the three isocyanates are 1-98: 1-98: 1-98;
  • a hydroxycarboxylic acid whose molecular formula is (H0) x R (C00H) y , where R represents a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group containing 1-12 carbon atoms, and X and y represent the number of 1-3 ;
  • an organic polyhydroxy compound including polyester polyol, polyether polyol, sulfonic-type polypolyol, poly (ester-ether) polyol, or a physical mixture of the above-mentioned polyols;
  • an aliphatic polyol having a molecular weight from 60 to 400.
  • the unsaturated ethylenic monomer as a solvent includes ethylenic esters of fluorenic acids, acrylates, and methacrylates;
  • the polyurethane and olefin polymer in the aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion prepared by this method is a molecular-level mixture, which penetrates the network structure, and exhibits excellent physical and mechanical properties and chemical resistance. It is an excellent adhesive and coating.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion.
  • the "urethane-olefin hybrid polymer” as defined in the present invention is defined as a heteropolymer composed of a urethane-containing polymer containing a urea group and an unsaturated olefin polymer through physical and chemical bonds.
  • Polymer which includes a molecular-level mixture of two different polymers composed of it, a polymer alloy, a penetrating network polymer, and a core / Shell structure, graft copolymerization, block copolymerization, or a mixture of these structures.
  • the aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion of the present invention is an aqueous urethane polymer based on at least three isocyanate mixtures composed of HDI, TMXDI, and other polyisocyanates, and an aqueous unsaturated Ethylene monomer polymer is an aqueous hybrid polymer dispersion composed of physical and chemical bonds.
  • This aqueous hybrid polymer dispersion is compared with a corresponding mixture of an aqueous polyurethane dispersion and a corresponding aqueous unsaturated ethylenic monomer polymer dispersion or emulsion.
  • the film-forming property is higher than that of the mixture. Good, the film has better transparency than the mixture, and the film has higher strength and elongation than the mixture.
  • adhesive strength and temperature resistance are higher than the mixture.
  • the method for preparing an aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion of the present invention includes first preparing a prepolymer or a mixture of a prepolymer and an unsaturated olefinic monomer, comprising HDI, TMXDI, and other polymers.
  • Three or more polyisocyanates such as isocyanates, in the presence of a small amount of organic solvents, and / or under conditions of inert unsaturated ethylenic monomers as solvents, with polyols, hydroxycarboxylic compounds, and tertiary amines
  • the neutralizer may also include small molecule polyols and other reactions to form a water-dispersible isocyanate-terminated polyurethane prepolymer or a mixture of prepolymers and unsaturated olefinic monomers.
  • the aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion (I) of the present invention is obtained by dispersing the prepolymer prepared above in water and adding an amine or hydrazine-based chain extender to extend the chain to form an aqueous polyurethane dispersion. Then use the generated aqueous polyurethane dispersion as a seed, add a pre-emulsified unsaturated olefin monomer and a free radical initiator to perform free radical seed emulsion polymerization to prepare an unsaturated olefin polymer with an aqueous polyurethane as the core.
  • a core / shell structure aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion that is a shell.
  • the aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion (II) of the present invention is prepared by first preparing a dispersion or emulsion of an unsaturated olefin monomer polymer containing an active hydrogen atom group, and then A water-dispersible prepolymer is dispersed in this polyolefin dispersion or emulsion, and an amine or hydrazine chain extender is added to form an aqueous amino acid formic acid.
  • the aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion (III) of the present invention is obtained by dispersing the mixture of the water-dispersible prepolymer and unsaturated olefin monomer prepared above in water, and adding amines or hydrazines The chain extender extends the prepolymer to a urethane polymer. At the same time, by adding a free radical initiator and an emulsifier, a larger amount of unsaturated ethylenic monomers can also be added to perform free radical emulsion polymerization of ethylenic monomers. Finally, an aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion is prepared, and two components thereof include a molecular-level mixture to form a through-network structure.
  • Polyisocyanate for preparing the aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion of the present invention except for 1, 6-hexyl diisocyanate (HDI) and tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), and others
  • the polyisocyanate can be aliphatic or aromatic, or a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic polyisocyanates.
  • Suitable aliphatic diisocyanates are isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), cyclopentyl diisocyanate, cyclohexyl diisocyanate, methylcyclohexyl diisocyanate, dicyclohexyl formamidine diisocyanate (H, 2 MDI), 1,4-tetramethyldiisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-ethyldiisocyanate, 1,12- + dialkylisocyanate.
  • IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
  • H methylcyclohexyl diisocyanate
  • H dicyclohexyl formamidine diisocyanate
  • 1,4-tetramethyldiisocyanate 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-ethyldiisocyanate
  • 1,12- + dialkylisocyanate 1,12- + dialkylisocyanate.
  • aromatic diisocyanates examples include benzene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate (TDI), xylene diisocyanate, diphenyl diisocyanate, naphthalene diisocyanate, and diphenylhydrazone diisocyanate (MDI).
  • TDI toluene diisocyanate
  • MDI diphenylhydrazone diisocyanate
  • the better ternary combination is HDI and TMXDI with IPDI, or with H I2 MDI, or with MDI, or with TDI.
  • the best combination is HDI, TMXDI and IPDI, or TMXDI and MDI (or TDI).
  • the weight ratio of the bandit, TMXDI and the third polyisocyanate is 1-98: 1-98: 1-98.
  • Suitable monoisocyanates include methyl isocyanate, ethyl isocyanate Cyanate, + octamethyl isocyanate, etc.
  • Suitable polyisocyanates include modified diisocyanates with isocyanate groups greater than 2, such as trimers of HDI, IPDI, TDI and the like. In addition, the modified polyisocyanate may contain genes such as urethane and biuret.
  • Polyol compounds suitable for preparing the aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersions of the present invention have a number average molecular weight of from 400 to 10,000, and a molecular weight of from 400 to 3,000 is more preferred.
  • These high molecular weight polyols include:
  • Polyester polyol is prepared by reacting a polyhydric compound, preferably a glycol, and possibly a triol, and a polycarboxylic acid compound, preferably a dicarboxylic acid compound.
  • polyester polyols In addition to these polycarboxylic acids, corresponding carboxylic acid anhydride compounds, or small molecular alcohol esters of these polycarboxylic acids, and mixtures thereof can also be used to prepare these polyester polyols.
  • These polycarboxylic acid compounds may be aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, and / or heterocyclic. They may be unsaturated and / or substituted with halogen or the like.
  • carboxylic acids examples include succinic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, trimellitic acid, phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, bridging methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, glutamic anhydride, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, transbutenedioic acid, dimers and trimers of fatty acids, such as oleic acid that can be mixed with fatty acids Dimer and trimer, dimethyl terephthalate and diethylene terephthalate.
  • Suitable polyhydric alcohol compounds include ethylene glycol, 1, 2- and 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 3- and 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 8-octanediol , Various isomers of neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2, 2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, dihydroxymethylcyclohexane, Glycerol and trimethylolpropane.
  • Polylactone polyols such as polymers of caprolactone initiated with the above-mentioned polyols.
  • Polyhydroxyl-containing polycarbonate such as the product of the aforementioned reaction of a polyol compound for the preparation of polyester polyols with phosgene and a diaryl carbonate.
  • the reaction products of the above-mentioned low molecular weight oligomers of polyesters or polylactones with phosgene, diaryl carbonates or cyclic carbonates are preferably a diol compound, such as 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,4-dimethylhydroxycyclohexane, 1, 6-hexanedione Alcohol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol or tetraethylene glycol.
  • the diaryl carbonate includes diphenyl carbonate, cyclic carbonate such as ethylene or propylene, and the like.
  • Polyether polyols including polymers that react with a fluorenyl epoxy compound initiated with a compound containing active hydrogen. These epoxy compounds include propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene epoxy, tetrahydrofuran, 3-chloro-1, 2-propylene oxide, or a mixture of these epoxy compounds. If the weight content of ethylene oxide in the polyether does not exceed 10%, a certain proportion of ethylene oxide may also be used. However, polyether polyols containing no ethylene epoxy are more suitable for use.
  • Compounds containing at least one active hydrogen atom to initiate this reaction include water, methanol, ethanol, 1, 2, 6-hexanetriol, in addition to those polyol compounds suitable for the preparation of polyester polyols as described above, 1, 2,4-butanetriol, trimethylhydroxyacetamidine, pentaerythritol, mannitol, sorbitol, methyl foods, sucrose, phenol, isononylphenol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, 1,1, 1- or 1, 1, 2-tris (hydrocarbylphenyl) acetamidine.
  • Polyether polyols started with amine-containing compounds can also be used, but used less often.
  • Suitable amine compounds include ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, 1,6-hexanediamine, piperazine, 2,5-dimethylpiperazine, 1-amino-3-amine Methyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane, bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) formamidine, bis (4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl) formamidine, 1,4-cyclo Hexamethylene diamine, 1, 2-propanediamine, hydrazine, amino acid hydrazide, hydrazide of semi-carbazide carboxylic acid, ammonia, methylamine, tetramethylene diamine, ethanolamine, diethanoldiamine, triethanoldiamine Amine, aniline, phenylenediamine, 2, 4 and 2, 6-toluenediamine, polyphenyl polymethyl polyamine obtained by condensation reaction of aniline and formaldehyde, and mixtures thereof.
  • Resins of phenol and cresol can also be used as starting compounds.
  • Preferred starting compounds for the preparation of polyether polyols are compounds containing only hydroxyl groups, followed by compounds containing tertiary amines, followed by compounds containing NH groups that react with isocyanates.
  • Polythioether glycols including 2, 2'-dihydroxydiethylsulfide self-condensates, and polycondensates with other diols, dicarboxylic acids, formaldehyde, aminocarboxylic acids, or amino alcohols.
  • Polymeric polyols of the sulfonic type can be made from dicarboxylic acids, sulfonic acid diols, and sulfonic acid binary Preparation of carboxylic acid.
  • a better sulfonic polymer polyol is prepared by the condensation reaction of sodium 5-sulfonic acid isophthalic acid, adipic acid and 1,4-butanediol, and / or diethylene glycol.
  • monohydric alcohols and higher polyols can also be used to prepare the isocyanate-terminated prepolymers of the present invention.
  • the ratio of the unit alcohol to the polyol should ensure that the number of average isocyanate groups of the prepolymer formed is equal to or greater than two.
  • Suitable examples include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, hexanol, octanol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, 1, 2, 4-butanetriol, 1, 2, 6-hexanetriol Alcohols, and their mixtures.
  • a hydrophilic group must be embedded in the molecular structure of the prepolymer, that is, Anionic groups, cationic groups, or non-ionic hydrophilic groups.
  • Suitable hydrophilic components that contain at least one (preferably at least two) groups that are isocyanate- or isocyanate-reactive, and that contain at least one hydrophilic group or one potentially hydrophilic group,
  • compounds used to embed potential ionic groups include aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, aliphatic or aromatic amine (primary or secondary amine) carboxylic acids, aliphatic hydroxysulfonic acids, aliphatic or aromatic Amine (primary or secondary amine) sulfonic acid.
  • the molecular weight of these acids is preferably less than 400.
  • the preferred anionic group embedded in the polyurethane prepolymer is a carboxylic acid group and a hydroxycarboxylic acid of the general formula: (H0) x Q (C00H) y where Q contains a linear or Branched fluorene groups, x and y represent numbers from 1 to 3. It is better that X equals 2.
  • the hydroxycarboxylic acid is a 2,2-dimethylol fluorenyl acid represented by the following formula:
  • R 1 represents hydrogen or a fluorenyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms.
  • examples of these compounds are 2, 2-dimethylolacetic acid, 2, 2-dimethylolpropionic acid, 2, 2-dimethylol. Butyric acid, and 2,2-dimethylolvaleric acid. A better one is 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA).
  • DMPA 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid
  • the carboxylic acid group can be treated with a neutralizing agent to transform into a hydrophilic anionic group.
  • Neutralizing agents include alkali metal salts, ammonia, ammonia, primary, secondary, or tertiary amines. Suitable alkali metal salts are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate. It is better to use volatile organic amines, most preferably tertiary amine compounds.
  • Suitable amine compounds are trimethylamine, triethylamine, triisopropylamine, tributylamine, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylcyclohexylamine, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethyloctadecylamine, ⁇ , ⁇ - Dimethylaniline, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-methylpiperazine, N-methylpyridine, N-methylpyridine, N, N-dimethylethanolamine, triethanolamine , N-methyldiethanolamine, dimethylpropanolamine, 2-methoxyethyldimethylamine, N-hydroxyethylpyridine, 2- (2-dimethylethoxyamine) ethanol or 5-diethanolamine Ethylamine-2-methylacetone.
  • the most preferred tertiary amines are those which do not contain isocyanate-reactive groups.
  • the carboxylic acid in the hydroxycarboxylic acid can be neutralized and then reacted with isocyanate to be embedded in the structure of the prepolymer.
  • the hydroxyl group of the hydroxycarboxylic acid can also be reacted with the polyhydric alcohol and isocyanate to form a prepolymer with a carboxylic acid group.
  • the carboxylic acid group in the prepolymer is neutralized with an alkali metal salt or a tertiary amine compound.
  • the neutralization of the carboxylic acid group may be partly before the prepolymer is formed and partly after the prepolymer is formed.
  • the neutralized prepolymer is relatively easy to disperse in water.
  • the addition of a neutralizing agent will cause a sharp increase in the viscosity of the prepolymer.
  • the neutralizing agent can be mixed with water, and the unneutralized or The partially neutralized prepolymer is dispersed in this neutralizer-containing water.
  • the amount of neutralizing agent is 100% to 120% of the carboxylic acid equivalent.
  • a small molecular weight diol may also be mixed with a polyhydric alcohol to prepare an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer. It is usually an aliphatic diol with a molecular weight from 60 to 400. Examples of small molecular weight diols are ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol or 1,6-hexanediol. The most commonly used is 1,4-butanediol. Small molecular weight diols can increase the strength, water and temperature resistance of polyurethanes.
  • the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is prepared by reacting an excess of isochloride with the above-mentioned active hydrogen-containing compound.
  • the equivalent ratio of NC0 in the isocyanate to 0 ⁇ of the active hydrogen-containing compound is 1-4. 0: 1.
  • the resulting prepolymer has a weight percentage of 1% to 10%.
  • the weight ratio of the polyhydric alcohol, the hydroxycarboxylic acid compound, and the small molecular weight diol is 50-98: 1-20: 0-20.
  • the prepolymer preparation temperature is 25 ° C to 120 ° C, and the reaction time is 1-20 hours. The better reaction temperature is from 60 ° C to 100 ° C.
  • the reaction temperature is lower than 25 ° C, and the reaction time is too long.
  • the resulting prepolymer has a high viscosity, is difficult to handle, and is difficult to disperse in water.
  • a co-solvent can also be used to reduce the viscosity of the prepolymer, but adding too much organic solvent will cause environmental protection, safety and health problems.
  • a reaction temperature higher than 12CTC will cause side reactions such as isocyanate groups and The reaction of the carboxyl group, the reaction of the isocyanate with the hydrogen on the urethane group, etc., cause the properties of the prepolymer to change, and the properties of the resulting aqueous polyurethane dispersion to change.
  • the general catalyst is used for the total weight of the prepolymer from 0. 05% to 2. 0%, more preferably from 0.1% to 0. 2%, commonly used catalyst is dibutyltin dilaurate.
  • the prepolymer can also be prepared in the presence of co-solvents, which must be volatile organic compounds that do not contain active hydrogen. Adding a co-solvent can reduce the viscosity of the prepolymer.
  • Suitable co-solvents include organic solvents such as ketones, esters, ethers, and ketoesters. The more commonly used cosolvents are acetone and N-methyl-2-pyridinone (NMP).
  • the amount of co-solvent is generally 0% to 5% by weight of the prepolymer, that is, the weight content of the organic solvent in the resulting aqueous polyurethane dispersion does not exceed 2% (calculated based on 40% solids content).
  • Unsaturated olefinic monomers can also be used as solvents to prepare polyurethane prepolymers. These olefinic monomers must also be free of active hydrogen groups. The olefinic monomer can also reduce the viscosity of the prepolymer and make the synthesis reaction of the prepolymer more uniform. Suitable olefinic monomers include acrylates, methacrylates, vinyl esters of various fluorenic acids, and the like. The amount of olefinic monomer is generally 2% to 50% by weight of the prepolymer.
  • the prepolymer and olefin monomer mixture prepared in this way can be dispersed in water in the same manner as the pure prepolymer, and amine or hydrazine chain extenders are added to extend the chain.
  • amine or hydrazine chain extenders are added to extend the chain.
  • initiators and emulsifiers or surfactants a larger amount of olefinic monomers can also be added to perform free-radical emulsion polymerization.
  • an aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion of the present invention is obtained.
  • the prepolymer prepared in the presence of a small amount of organic solvent or no organic solvent can be directly dispersed in an emulsion of an olefinic monomer polymer containing an active hydrogen group, and a certain amount of amine or hydrazine chain extender is added. Finally, another aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion of the present invention is prepared.
  • the prepolymer prepared in the presence of a small amount of organic solvent or no organic solvent can also be dispersed in water to extend the chain to form an aqueous polyurethane dispersion, and then use the aqueous polyurethane dispersion as a seed to perform seed emulsion polymerization of olefinic monomers
  • the core / shell structured aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion of the present invention is finally obtained.
  • additional emulsifiers without active hydrogen can also be used to increase the water-dispersing ability of the prepolymer.
  • the additional dispersant can be anionic, cationic, or non-ionic, depending on the ionic characteristics of the aqueous polyurethane dispersion.
  • Additional emulsifiers, dispersants and surfactants can be added to the prepolymer or water before dispersing in water, or to the resulting aqueous polyurethane dispersion.
  • a defoamer, a leveling agent, and a thickener can be added to adjust the viscosity of the aqueous polyurethane.
  • the isocyanate group-terminated prepolymer can be dispersed in distilled or deionized water with stirring.
  • the amount of water used to prepare a stable aqueous polyurethane dispersion is 80% to 40% of the total weight of the resulting aqueous polyurethane aqueous dispersion, and more preferably 65% to 50%.
  • Water can be added to the prepolymer to disperse, or The prepolymer is added to the water for dispersion, or the prepolymer stream and water stream can be continuously dispersed in the line through a high-speed dispersion device.
  • the temperature of the prepolymer before dispersion is generally 35 ° C to 110 ° C.
  • the preferred temperature is 45 ° C to 90 ° C, preferably 70 ° C to 80 ° C.
  • the temperature of the water used for dispersion is 25 ° C to 90 ° C, preferably room temperature or 60-70. C.
  • a chain extender is added to the dispersion of the prepolymer.
  • the chain extender may be a known alcohol type chain extender, but the amine or hydroxylamine type is preferred. Chain agent.
  • the chain extender can be added to the water before the prepolymer is dispersed, at the same time, or after the dispersion.
  • An amine chain extender is a polyamine or a mixture of polyamines.
  • the average functionality of the amine chain extender that is, the number of amine nitrogen atoms in each molecule, should be about 1.8 to 6.0, and more preferably 2.0 to 4.0. , Preferably 2.0 to 3.0.
  • the required functionality can be achieved by mixing polyamines. For example, a functionality of 2.5 can be obtained using a mixture of equal moles of diamine and triamine.
  • Suitable amine chain extenders are hydrocarbon polyamine compounds having 2 to 6 amine genes, where the amines are primary or secondary amines, which can be aromatic, aliphatic, or alicyclic amines, typically 1 -30 carbon atoms, preferably 2-15 carbon atoms, and most preferably 2-10 carbon atoms.
  • Polyamine ions include diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, N- (2-piperazineethyl) ethylenediamine, ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis- (2-aminoethyl ) Piperazine, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ '-tris (2-aminoethyl) ethylenediamine, ⁇ - [ ⁇ - (2-aminoethyl)] -N'- (2-piperazineethyl) -Ethylenediamine, N- (2-aminoethylene-N '-(2-piperazineethyl) amine, N, N-bis (2-piperazineethyl) amine, polyethyleneimine, imine Diamine guanidine, melamine, N- (2-aminoethyl) -1,3-propanediamine, 3, 3'-diaminobenzidine, 2, 4, 6-diaminopyrimidine, polyepoxyamine, Tetra
  • IPDA isophorone diamine
  • bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) formamidine bis (4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl) methane
  • 1 6-hexanediamine
  • ethylenediamine diethylenetriamine
  • triethylenetetramine tetraethylenepentamine or pentaethylenehexamine.
  • hydrazine is also better to use as a chain extender.
  • the amount of chain extender depends on the number of tailed isocyanate groups in the prepolymer.
  • the equivalent ratio of the terminal isocyanate group in the prepolymer and the isocyanate group-reactive group in the chain extender is 1.0: 0.6 to 1.0: 1.1, and a better ratio is 1.0: 0.8 to 1.0: 0.98.
  • Water can also act as a chain extender.
  • the isocyanate group at the end of the prepolymer reacts with water to form an amine and emits carbon dioxide.
  • the resulting amine reacts with another isocyanate group to form a urea bond, and the prepolymer chain grows into a polymer.
  • This chain extension reaction releases a large amount of carbon dioxide, which causes the dispersion to form a foam. It is necessary to add ammonia water and an antifoaming agent to obtain a stable aqueous polyurethane dispersion.
  • the reaction between the prepolymer dispersed in water and the chain extender is generally carried out in the range of 5-90 ° C, preferably in the range of 20-80 ° C, and most preferably in the range of 25-6CTC.
  • the isocyanate groups of the polymer are substantially completely reacted.
  • the final product is an aqueous polyurethane dispersion that stabilizes colloidal particles. Its particle size is generally less than 1.0 microns, such as 0.01-1.0 microns. It is better to be less than 0.5 micron, preferably 0.01 to 0.3 micron.
  • the preparation method can prepare nano-aqueous polyurethane dispersion with a particle size of less than 100 nanometers (0.1 micron). Nano-aqueous polyurethane dispersions have good storage stability, good adhesion properties and good film-forming properties.
  • the prepared aqueous polyurethane dispersion generally has a solid content of 20% to 60%, and a better solid content of 35% to 50%.
  • the pH of the resulting aqueous polyurethane dispersion depends on its ionic type, whether it is anionic, cationic, or nonionic.
  • the aqueous polyurethane dispersion contained in the present invention is anionic, and its pH is 6-10, preferably 7-9.5, and most preferably 7.5-9.5.
  • the viscosity of the prepared aqueous polyurethane aqueous dispersion is 10-10000 centipoise, preferably 100-1000 centipoise.
  • a thickener can be used to adjust the viscosity of the aqueous polyurethane.
  • the general thickener is a polyurethane dispersion. Acrylic polymer emulsion, or aqueous dispersion of cellulose.
  • the prepared aqueous polyurethane aqueous dispersion can be a nano-scale aqueous polyurethane dispersion with a particle size of less than 100 nanometers, and is particularly suitable as a seed for emulsion polymerization of olefinic monomers, thereby preparing a core / core of the present invention.
  • the unsaturated olefinic monomer used to prepare the aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion of the present invention includes-
  • Vinyl esters of fluorinated acids with 1 to 18 carbon atoms such as vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl isobutyrate, vinyl valerate, 2-ethyl Vinyl hexanoate, vinyl isooctanoate, nonanoic acid Vinyl ester, vinyl caprate, trimethyl vinyl acetate, vinyl wilenoate, vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate;
  • 2-olefins such as ethylene, propylene, butene, isobutylene, and pentene
  • Acrylic ester of acrylic acid in which the alkyl group has 1 to 18 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, various isomers of pentyl, hexyl, pentyl Base, octyl (especially 2-ethylhexyl), dodecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl and the like;
  • alkyl methacrylate in which the fluorenyl group contains 1 to 18 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, hexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-octyl, Dodecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, etc .;
  • fluorenyl vinyl ether in which fluorenyl contains 1 to 18 carbon atoms, such as methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, butyl vinyl ether, octadecyl vinyl ether, etc .;
  • Diene monomers such as butadiene, chloroprene, isoprene, etc .
  • aromatic vinyl monomers such as styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, methylstyrene, and phenyl acrylate;
  • halogenated ethylene monomers such as vinyl chloride, chloroprene, 2-bromostyrene, and p-chlorostyrene
  • Unsaturated olefinic monomers containing anionic and / or ionic groups such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, trans-butenedioic acid, butenoic acid, mesuccinic acid, methyl trans-butenedioic acid , Cis-butenedioic acid, cis-methylsuccinic acid and their corresponding salts, the amount of which is 0-10% of the total weight of the monomer;
  • Unsaturated ethylenic monomers containing active hydrogen such as hydroxyethyl acrylate, allyl alcohol, allylamine, N-methylol acrylamide, ethylene glycol acrylate, ethyl methylene succinate
  • active hydrogen such as hydroxyethyl acrylate, allyl alcohol, allylamine, N-methylol acrylamide, ethylene glycol acrylate, ethyl methylene succinate
  • the amount of glycol ester, methyl 3-aminobutenoate, and unsaturated ethylenic monomer containing active hydrogen generally accounts for 0-5% of the total weight of the monomer;
  • Crosslinkable comonomers can also be used to produce aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersions containing a crosslinked structure.
  • Crosslinkable comonomers include allyl methacrylate, allyl acrylate, butene acrylate, undecyl acrylate, undecyl methacrylate, vinyl propylene, vinyl methacrylate , Ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butylene glycol methacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol methacrylate, divinylbenzene.
  • the amount of crosslinkable comonomer generally accounts for 0.1-5% of the total weight of the monomer, based on the principle that it does not cause gelation of the polymer dispersion.
  • Emulsion polymerization of olefinic monomers is initiated by a free radical initiator.
  • Free radical initiators are divided into water-soluble, oil-soluble and miscible.
  • the free radical initiator used in the present invention includes:
  • persulfate such as potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate
  • peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide;
  • azo compounds such as azodicyanovaleric acid, azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisdimethylvaleronitrile, azodimethylpropionitrile;
  • Redox initiators such as hydrogen peroxide-Fe (11), potassium persulfate-sodium bisulfite, tert-butyl hydroperoxide-ferrous sulfate (II);
  • the initiator is used in an amount of 0.05% to 1.5% of the total weight of the unsaturated ethylenic monomer, and more preferably 0.1% to 0.5%.
  • Chain transfer agents are commonly used to control the molecular weight of olefinic polymers.
  • the chain transfer agents used in the present invention include 2-hydrothioethanol, thiolactic acid, alkylthiols, and the like.
  • Emulsion polymers of unsaturated ethylenic monomers also require the addition of emulsifiers or surfactants.
  • the emulsifiers and surfactants used in the present invention are anionic, or non-ionic, or amphoteric emulsifiers, such as phosphate ester surfactants, 1% — 5% ⁇ Carboxylic acid and carboxylic acid esters, sulfonic acid and sulfonic acid esters, polyethylene oxide ether, etc., the amount of which is 0.1%-5% of the total weight.
  • Protective colloids containing amine and hydroxyl groups can also be used to prepare olefin monomer polymer emulsions, such as water-dispersible poly (vinyl alcohol) -co-poly (vinylamine) polymers (EPO 599245 from Air Products and Chemicals, Inc) .
  • This protective colloid has an amine content of 0.5 mg equivalent to 3.5 mg equivalent / g polymer.
  • a graft reaction may occur during the emulsion polymerization.
  • the polyurethane prepolymer is dispersed in a polyolefin emulsion prepared with such a protective colloid, there will also be a chemical bond between the urethane polymer and the unsaturated olefin polymer.
  • the free-radical emulsion polymerization of unsaturated olefin monomers is generally performed at 5 ° to 95 ° C, and is preferably performed in the range of 25-80 ° C.
  • the polymerization time is generally 1-15 hours, and more preferably 2-5 hour.
  • an olefinic monomer is used as a solvent or a diluent to prepare a polyurethane prepolymer based on at least three isocyanates composed of HDI, TMXDI and other polyisocyanates.
  • This prepolymer and the olefinic monomer mixture are dispersed in water.
  • the prepolymer reacts with an amine or hydrazine chain extension to form a urethane polymer
  • the olefinic monomer and the additional olefinic monomer in it also follow the above-mentioned unsaturated ethylenic monomers.
  • an initiator is added, and an emulsifier is polymerized at a temperature of 5-90'C for 1-5 hours. It is better to perform a polymerization reaction at 25-80 ° C for 2-5 hours.
  • the invention discloses an aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid high polymer dispersion liquid, wherein the weight ratio of the urethane polymer and the olefinic monomer polymer is 5-95: 5-95.
  • the polyurethane prepolymer based on at least three isocyanates composed of HDI, TMXDI and other polyisocyanates prepared in the present invention can also be directly dispersed in the emulsion of the unsaturated ethylenic monomer polymer described above.
  • a polyolefin emulsion may be Contains primary amine, tertiary amine, hydroxyl, amide groups and other groups.
  • the prepolymer can be dispersed in water and mixed with the polyolefin emulsion immediately.
  • the polyolefin emulsion can also be added to the aqueous dispersion of the prepolymer. , Or in a prepolymer.
  • the prepolymer may be dispersed in a polyolefin emulsion diluted with water.
  • the prepolymer and the polyolefin emulsion are mixed well, stir at 25-95'C, preferably 45-75 ° C for 1-2 hours.
  • add amine and hydrazine chain extender to complete
  • the chain extension reaction of the prepolymer finally produces another aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion of the present invention, wherein the weight ratio of the urethane polymer and the olefinic monomer polymer is 5-95: 5-95.
  • a method for obtaining yet another aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion of the present invention is to perform free-radical emulsion polymerization of an unsaturated olefinic monomer with an aqueous polyurethane dispersion as a seed.
  • an aqueous polyurethane dispersion based on at least three isocyanates composed of HDI, TMXDI and other polyisocyanates is first prepared as a seed.
  • a pre-emulsion is prepared by mixing one or more unsaturated ethylenic monomers with 0.1% -5% emulsifier and 40-250% water based on the total weight of the monomers. Unsaturated ethylenic monomer, an aqueous solution of an initiator of 0.05 to 1.5% by weight based on the total weight of the monomer is prepared, and then an aqueous solution of the initiator with a concentration of 0.5 to 5% is gradually prepared under stirring. An aqueous solution of an emulsified unsaturated ethylenic monomer and an initiator is added to an aqueous polyurethane dispersion, and polymerized at 5-90 ° F for 1-15 hours.
  • ester-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion wherein the weight ratio of the urethane polymer and the olefin monomer polymer is 5-95: 5-95.
  • the aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersions prepared by the above methods generally have a solid content of 20% to 70%, preferably 40-55%, and their particle size is generally 30- 2000 nm, preferably 40-1000 nm, more preferably 40-500 nm, and its viscosity is generally 10-5000 centipoise, typically 10-1000 centipoise.
  • the water-based urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion of the present invention has good compatibility with other water-based polymers. Their blends can improve certain properties and reduce their costs, and are suitable for co-existing with them.
  • Examples of mixed water-based polymers are: polyacrylate emulsion, polystyrene-acrylate emulsion, polyvinyl acetate emulsion, polyethylene-vinyl acetate emulsion, polyvinyl chloride emulsion, synthetic rubber emulsion, natural rubber emulsion, etc. .
  • aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion of the present invention can be used as a single component in many cases.
  • a water-dispersible curing agent can be added. Suitable curing agents are water-dispersible polyisocyanate, water-dispersible polyoxazolidine, Carbodiimide, polyaziridine, water-based epoxy resin, etc. The amount of this curing agent is generally the total weight of the two components
  • the aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion of the present invention can be used as an adhesive, an adhesive, a coating, a primer and a varnish, and can be used on various substrates, including paper, wood, leather, metal, Ceramics, cement, cloth, natural rubber, synthetic polymer materials, etc. can be applied by brushing, spraying, roller coating and other methods.
  • aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion of the present invention can also be modified by adding various additives, including additives such as surfactants, defoamers, coalescence aids, bactericides, bactericides, Plasticizers, thickeners, fillers, reactive pigments, UV stabilizers, flavoring agents, water-dispersible waxes, oils, flame retardants, etc. and mixtures thereof.
  • additives such as surfactants, defoamers, coalescence aids, bactericides, bactericides, Plasticizers, thickeners, fillers, reactive pigments, UV stabilizers, flavoring agents, water-dispersible waxes, oils, flame retardants, etc. and mixtures thereof.
  • a transparent PVC sheet with a thickness of 0.25 mm was used as a substrate, and a 250 X 300 hidden block was cut with a paper cutter, and the surface was wiped off with ethanol.
  • the aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion was coated on the cleaned PVC with a fine-stripe metal rod, and the length of the coating was 150 m.
  • the PVC coated with the aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion is allowed to dry at room temperature (usually more than 2 hours), and then two pieces of the same size coated PVC are compounded and cut into 25 X with a paper cutter.
  • the measuring method for measuring the mechanical properties of the bonding temperature resistance properties in the examples is as follows:
  • Test the sample preparation and peel strength Cut the sample into 50 X 25 strips with a paper cutter. One end of the coated area is 25 X 25 mm. The other end is 25 X 25 mm of composite PVC. At 180 degrees, a 100-gram weight was hung on one end, and the other end was hung in a blast oven. When the temperature rises from room temperature to 125 ° C and the temperature rise rate is 25 ° C / hour, record the temperature at which the sample pull-off weight drops. At 125 ° C, the sample that has not been pulled up is recorded, and the degree of peeling of the adhesive surface is recorded.
  • aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion was poured into a glass mold, dried at room temperature overnight, demoulded, and left for 7 days.
  • the film was cut into dumbbell-shaped samples with a knife, and the thickness was controlled at 0. 5-1. Omn! .
  • Instron the stress-strain properties were measured at a speed of 5 cm / min. The yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation were recorded.
  • Example 1 Preparation of an aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion with a core / shell structure
  • Polymer 1A is a polyacrylate emulsion
  • Polymer 1B is an aqueous polyurethane dispersion
  • polyester diol prepared from 1,6-hexanediol and adipic acid, molecular weight 2000
  • 1,4-butanediol prepared from 1,4-butanediol and 14.1 grams of DMPA (dimethylpropionate)
  • DMPA dimethylpropionate
  • Polymer 1C is an aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion prepared by emulsion polymerization of acrylic monomers using an aqueous polyurethane dispersion of polymer 1B as a seed.
  • Example 2 To prepare an aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion with a core / shell structure, a pre-emulsified monomer was first prepared.
  • aqueous polyurethane-polyacrylate hybrid polymer dispersions having polyurethane / polyacrylate weight ratios of 75/25 and 25/75 were prepared. According to the method described above, in the absence of the aqueous polyurethane dispersion D-001, an aqueous polyacrylate dispersion was prepared.
  • the aqueous polyurethane dispersion D-001 and the prepared aqueous polyacrylate dispersion were mixed according to their solid content weight ratios of 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75, respectively, to obtain a solid polyurethane / polyacrylate weight ratio. It is 75/25, 50/50 and 25/75 three kinds of water-based polyurethane and water-based polyacrylate mixed dispersion.
  • the performance comparison between the prepared aqueous hybrid polymer dispersion and the corresponding aqueous polymer mixed dispersion is shown in Table 1.
  • Example 3 Preparation of an aqueous polyurethane-polyacrylate hybrid polymer dispersion with a core / shell structure
  • a pre-emulsified monomer was prepared. 320 grams of methyl methacrylate, 10 grams of OP-10 emulsifier and 0.1 grams of 2-hydrothiothioethanol were mixed and mixed to prepare a pre-emulsified monomer.
  • the pre-emulsified monomer was added in 3 hours, and the initiator aqueous solution (1) and the reducing agent aqueous solution (1) were added in 3.5 hours. Then the initiator aqueous solution (2) and the reducing agent aqueous solution (2) were added, kept at a temperature range of 65-67 ° C for 0.5 hours, and cooled to room temperature to obtain a stable aqueous polyurethane-polyacrylate hybrid polymer
  • the dispersion has a solids content of 45%,! Of 7.9, a viscosity of 950 centipoise, and a Tg of the hybrid polymer of 65 ° C (determined by DSS method), and is suitable for coatings.
  • An isocyanate-terminated prepolymer was dispersed in a polyacrylate emulsion, and the chain was extended to prepare a water-based urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersion.
  • An isocyanate-terminated prepolymer was prepared first.
  • one equipped with a stirrer, thermocouple thermometer, condenser In a glass reaction axe with calcium chloride drying tube, 248.4 g of polyesterdiol (prepared from 1,4-butanediol and adipic acid, molecular weight 2000), 0.5 g of 1,4-butanediol and 16 1 g of DMPA and 12.9 g of triethylamine, 21.4 g of noodles, 30.3 g of IPDI and 15.6 g of TMXDI, reacted at 70 ° C for 3 hours in the presence of 17.6 g of acetone, to prepare An isocyanate-terminated urethane prepolymer.
  • the ratio of the prepolymer and the acrylate polymer emulsion was changed, and the weight ratios of the urethane polymer / acrylate polymer were 5/95, 15/85, 35/65, and 50, respectively. / 50, 65/35, 85/15 and 95/5 aqueous urethane-olefin hybrid polymer dispersions.
  • Example 5
  • An isocyanate-terminated prepolymer was dispersed in an EVA emulsion (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion) and then chain-extended to prepare an aqueous urethane-EVA hybrid polymer dispersion.
  • EVA emulsion ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion
  • An isocyanate-terminated prepolymer was prepared first.
  • 248.4 g of polyesterdiol prepared from 1,4-butanediol and adipic acid, molecular weight 2000
  • 16.1 g of DMPA prepared from 1,4-butanediol and adipic acid, molecular weight 2000
  • 16.1 g of DMPA prepared from 1,4-butanediol and adipic acid, molecular weight 2000
  • 16.1 g of DMPA 2.7 g of 1, 4 -Butanediol and 10.9 grams of triethylamine
  • 28.2 grams of HDI 18.7 grams of IPDI and 43.9 grams of TMXDI
  • TMXDI TMXDI
  • Airflex 7200 (EVA emulsion, solid content 72%, product of Air Products), add 50 grams of distilled water, stir and mix well at room temperature, and adjust its pH to 8-9 with ammonia water. Under high-speed stirring, slowly add 50 g of the prepolymer prepared above. After the dispersion is uniform, add a solution of 1.1 g of ethylenediamine in 10 g of water. Stirring was continued for 1 hour at room temperature to obtain a stable aqueous urethane-EVA hybrid high polymer dispersion with a solid content of 55%, 11 of 8.5, and a viscosity of 1150 centipoise.
  • This hybrid polymer dispersion has good adhesion to plastic, rubber, polyvinyl chloride, metal, wood and fabric, etc., and can be used as an adhesive.
  • the weight ratio of the polyurethane / EVA was changed by changing the prepolymer and Airflex 7200 ratios to be 5/95, 15/85, 35/65, 50/50, 65/35, 85/15 and 95/5 aqueous urethane-EVA hybrid polymer dispersion.
  • Example 6
  • An isocyanate-terminated prepolymer was dispersed in a polyacrylate emulsion, and the chain was extended to prepare an aqueous urethane-acrylate hybrid polymer dispersion.
  • An isocyanate-terminated prepolymer was prepared first.
  • 280 grams of poly (ester-ether) glycol prepared from diethylene glycol and adipic acid, molecular weight 2000
  • 15.4 grams of DMPA 11.3 grams of triethylamine
  • 29 4 grams of 13 ⁇ 4 11.1 grams of IPDI and 36.6 grams of TMXDI were reacted at 70 ° C for 3 hours to prepare a prepolymer without organic solvents.
  • Example 1 Take 100 grams of polymer 1A (polyacrylate emulsion) in Example 1, add 50 grams of distilled water, and stir to mix. Under high-speed stirring, 45 g of the prepolymer prepared above was added, and after being dispersed uniformly, a solution of 0.35 g of ethanolamine and 0.55 g of ethylenediamine in 10 g of water was added. Stirring was continued for 1 hour at room temperature to obtain a stable aqueous urethane-acrylate hybrid polymer dispersion with a solid content of 45%, a pH of 8.1, and a viscosity of 650 centipoise. Formed at room temperature, the film has good transparency. Therefore, the hybrid polymer dispersion is coated on the surface-treated polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, and aluminum foil with a roller, and is dried and thermally compounded to have good adhesive properties. This composite film can be used for flexible food packaging. Examples 7-8
  • An isocyanate-terminated prepolymer was prepared using an acrylate monomer as a solvent, dispersed in water, and chain-extended, and at the same time radical polymerization was performed to obtain an aqueous urethane-acrylate hybrid polymer dispersion.
  • a dispersion of a mixture of an aqueous polyurethane and an acrylate monomer is first prepared.
  • 280 grams of poly (ester-ether) glycol prepared from diethylene glycol and adipic acid, molecular weight 2000
  • 15.4 grams of DMPA 11.3 grams of triethylamine
  • 29. 4 grams 11.1 grams of IPDI and 36.6 grams of TMXDI
  • TMXDI 1,4 grams, 1,4 grams, 1,4 grams, 11.1 grams of IPDI and 36.6 grams of TMXDI
  • MS-1 emulsifier

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Description

水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化髙聚物分散液、 制备方法及其用途 技术领域
本发明涉及一种有机高分子材料, 即能用作涂料和胶粘剂的水性氨基甲酸酯-烯 烃杂化高聚物分散液, 它们的制备方法和用途。 背景技术
水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液是在烯烃的乳液和水性聚氨酯分散液的 基础上发展起来的一类新的有机高分子材料, 能用作涂料和胶粘剂。
美国专利 ( 1 ) USP 4318831 (Guangl iardo Matthew) 将烯烃单体在水溶性聚氨 酯存在下聚合, 制得了水性涂料, 可用作汽车漆。
美国专利 (2) USP 4198330 (Kaizerman Samuel等) 将烯烃单体在聚氨酯的乳液 存在下进行自由基聚合, 制得了烯烃聚合物改性的聚氨酯乳液。
美国专利 (3) USP 4644030 (Loewrigkeit Peter) 发明了一个制备水性聚氨酯- 聚烯烃成分的方法: a) 在乙烯类不饱和单体的存在下制备一个 NCO接尾的聚氨酯预 聚物, b ) 将预聚物和单体的混合物分散于水中, c ) 预聚物扩链, d) 烯烃单体在水 性聚氨酯存在下聚合。
美国专利 (4) USP 4730021 (Zom Waiter等) 发明了一种制备水性氨基甲酸酯- 丙烯酸酯接技共聚物的工艺步骤: a) 含活泼氢的丙烯酸单体与过量的二异氰酸酯反 应生产一种单丙烯酸酯的加成物, b) 加成物和其他的多聚异氰酸酯与多聚二醇和含 羧基的二醇反应生成预聚物, c ) 将预聚物中和后分散于水中, 立即进行扩链, 制得 丙烯酸酯-氨基甲酸酯聚合物分散液, d)得到的分散液用在烯烃类单体的乳液聚合中 制得稳定的水性氨基甲酸酯-丙烯酸酯接技共聚物。
美国专利 (5) USP 4888383 (Huybrechts Jozef ) 发明了一种制备水性聚氨酯改 性聚丙烯酸酯的方法: a)制备一个含伯胺或肼基团的聚丙烯酸酯的分散液或乳液, b ) 加入二异氰酸酯或异氰酸酯接尾的预聚物, c ) a和 b反应扩链而制得聚氨酯-脲改性 的聚丙烯酸酯。
美国专利 ( 6) USP 4954559 (Den Hartog Herman等) 发明了一种含 60- 90%水性 羟甲基 (甲基) 丙烯酰胺丙烯酸酯聚合物和 10-40%水性聚氨酯的涂料成分。
美国专利 (7) USP 5571861 (Klein Heinz- Peter等)和 (8) USP 5623016 (Klein Heinz- Peter 等) 发明了一种自动交联的聚氨酯-乙烯杂化高聚物的水分散液及其制 备工艺。
美国专利 (9 ) USP 5804360 (Schell Brian等) 发明了一种聚氨酯 /烯烃聚合物 分散液的水性涂料成分, 作为成像元件, 它由乙烯类单体在水性聚氨酯存在下自由基 聚合而制得。
美国专利 ( 10) USP 5859111 (Kukkala Pravin等) 发明了一种由无离子聚氨酯 和烯烃聚合物组成的水性贯穿网状聚合物分散液的制备工艺: a) 在不饱和乙烯类单 体存在下制备一个亲水的聚氨酯预聚物, b ) 将 a中的乙烯类单体和聚氨酯预聚物的 混合物分散于含有扩链剂的水中, c ) 将乙烯类单体 (或加入更多量的乙烯单体) 在 生成的水性聚氨酯中进行自由基聚合。
美国专利 ( 11 ) USP 603041 (Chung Jocelyn等) 发明了一种含羧酸型聚氨酯和 官能基乙烯类聚合物的杂化高聚物的水分散液, 有好的湿粘性和好的耐溶剂性质。
Youlu Duan等的以下美国专利, 也涉及到水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散 液。 (12) USP 5807919, 发明了含磺酸型聚氨酯 (核)和乙烯基类聚合物 (壳) 的核 -壳结构的水分散液。(13 )USP 5900457,发明了基于降冰片垸二异氰酸酯(norbornane diisocyanate) 的聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯的水分散液。 (14) USP 6017998, 发明了稳定的 水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯杂化高聚物分散液。 (15 ) USP 6031045, 发明了水性磺酸型聚 氨酯-聚烯烃杂化高聚物分散液的制备方法。
以上的专利表明: (1) 水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液的成分包含水性聚 氨酯和烯烃聚合物的乳液,这两者不是简单的颗粒混合, 而是通过化学键和物理键形 成的分子级混合, 贯穿网状体系, 核 /壳结构, 接技共聚, 嵌段共聚, 或这些形式的 混合物。 水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液的性能大大优于其相对应的水性聚 氨酯分散液和烯烃聚合物乳液的混合物; (2) 水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液 的性能更接近水性聚氨酯的性能, 如好的强度、 韧性、 耐磨性和好的耐水性质, 因此 其内含的水性聚氨酯组分是关键。
本专利的发明人已申请的中国专利 (中国专利申请号 02110585. 5, 申请日 2002 年 1月 18日), "用作胶粘剂和涂料的水性聚氨酯分散液及其制备", 这种水性聚氨酯 分散液是由 1, 6-己基二异氰酸酯 (HDI ), 四甲基苯二甲基异氰酸酯 (TMXDI ) 和其它 多聚异氰酸酯组成的三种或三种以上异氰酸酯的混合物,采用少有机溶剂或无有机溶 剂的工艺制备。 它还是一种纳米水性聚氨酯。 本发明的水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高 聚物分散液是基于上述申请的中国专利的水性聚氨酯分散液的成分而发明的。
所以本发明将提供基于 1, 6-己基二异氰酸酯 (HDI ), 四甲基苯二甲基异氰酸酯 (TMXDI ) 和其它多聚异氰酸酯组成的三种或三种以上异氰酸酯混合体系的水性聚氨 酯组分和水性烯烃聚合物组分通过化学键,和 /或物理键组成的水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃 杂化高聚物分散液。 此新的水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液采用少有机溶剂 或无有机溶剂的工艺制备,具有优异的粘接性质和涂层性质,可以用作涂料和胶粘剂。 发明概要
本发明提供一种新的水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液, 这种新的水性氨 基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液是由基于 HDI, TMXDI和其它多聚异氰酸酯组成的三 种或三种以上异氰酸酯的混合物组成的水性聚氨酯分散液和水性聚烯烃的分散液或 乳液, 通过化学键和 /或物理键构成的杂化高聚物分散液。 它们可以是水性聚氨酯和 水性聚烯烃这两种高聚物的分子级混合物, 贯穿网状结构, 核 /壳结构, 接技共聚, 嵌段共聚, 或这些结构二种或二种以上的混合物。 这种新的水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂 化高聚物分散液有好的成膜性质, 其膜有好的机械性能, 可用作涂料, 又有好的粘接 性质, 可用作胶粘剂。
本发明的水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液由以下成分通过化学键和 /或 物理键组成:
1. 一种水性聚氨酯分散液, 它是由以下成分反应的产物组成-
(1) 一种由 HDI、TMXDI和其它的多聚异氰酸酯组成的至少三种不同异氰酸酯构成 的异氰酸酯成分, 其中三种异氰酸酯的重量百分比分别为 1-98 : 1-98 : 1-98;
(2)一种羟基羧酸, 其分子式为(H0) ,R (C00H) ,, 其中 R代表含 1-12碳原子的直链 或带支链的烃基, X和 y代表 1-3的数目;
(3) 一种有机的多羟基化合物, 包括聚酯多元醇、 聚醚多元醇、 磺酸型的聚多元 醇、 聚 (酯-醚) 多元醇或上述多元醇的物理混合物;
(4)选择性地, 一种分子量从 60到 400的脂肪族多元醇;
(5) 一种扩链剂, 可以是多元胺化合物或多元胺的混合物、 肼的化合物、 水、 或 它们的混合物。
2. —种水性烯烃高聚物分散液或乳液, 它是烯类不饱和单体在乳化剂和引发剂 存在下进行自由基乳液聚合的产物, 这些烯类不饱和单体包括:
(1) 单双键单体, 多双键单体和它们的混合物, 如丙烯酸酯、 甲基丙烯酸酯、 乙 基丙烯酸酯、正丁基丙烯酸酯、异丁基丙烯酸酯、正丙基丙烯酸酯、异丙基丙烯酸酯、 甲基丙烯酸甲酯、 甲基丙烯酸丁酯、丙酸乙烯酯、 乙烯醚、 乙烯、顺丁烯二酸乙烯酯、 反丁烯二酸乙烯酯、 苯乙烯、 丙烯腈、 丙烯酰胺、 二丙烯酸丁二醇酯、 二丙烯酸己二 醇酯、 二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、 三丙烯酸三羟甲基丙垸酯、 三丙烯酸丁四醇酯;
(2) 含阴离子和 /或离子基团的烯类单体, 如丙烯酸、 甲基丙烯酸、 丁烯二酸、 顺 丁烯二酸、甲叉丁二酸、 甲基反式丁烯二酸、反丁烯二酸, 以及它们对应的离子单体;
(3) 含活泼氢的烯类单体, 如羟乙基丙烯酸酯、 烯丙醇、 烯丙胺、 N-羟甲基丙烯 酰胺、 乙二醇的丙烯酸酯、 3-氨基烯丙酸甲酯;
其中 1和 2的重量百分比分别为 5-95 : 5-95。
再者, 本发明还提供了一种制备 HDI , TMXDI和其它多聚异氰酸酯等三元和三元 以上异氰酸酯为基础的水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液的方法, 它包括以下 步骤:
1. 制备一种以 HDI , TMXDI和和其它多聚异氰酸酯组成的至少三种不同异氰酸酯 为基础的水性聚氨酯分散液, 它是由以下成分反应的产物组成:
(1) 一种由 HDI、TMXDI和其它的多聚异氰酸酯组成的至少三种不同异氰酸酯构成 的异氰酸酯成分, 其中三种异氰酸酯的重量百分比分别为卜 98 : 1-98 : 1-98;
(2) 一种羟基羧酸,其分子式为 (H0) xR (C00H) y,其中 R代表含 1-12碳原子的直链 或带支链的烃基, X和 y代表 1-3的数目;
(3) 一种有机的多羟基化合物, 包括聚酯多元醇、 聚醚多元醇、 磺酸型的聚多元 醇、 聚 (酯-醚) 多元醇或上述多元醇的物理混合物;
(4) 选择性地, 一种分子量从 60到 400的脂肪族多元醇;
(5) —种扩链剂, 可以是多元胺化合物或多元胺的混合物、 肼的化合物、 水、 或 它们的混合物。
2. 制备一种预乳化单体, 它包括一种或多种不饱和烯类单体、 水和乳化剂;
3. 提供至少一种自由基引发剂;
4. 在 1的水性聚氨酯分散液作为种子, 进行预乳化单体的自由基聚合。
由于 1的水性聚氨酯分散液的粒径可小于 100纳米, 而且是单分散性, 因此由此方法 制得的核(水性聚氨酯) /壳(水性烯烃聚合物)结构的水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高 聚物分散液的粒径仍小于 300纳米, 单分散性, 是一种稳定的分散液, 成膜性好, 膜 有好的机械性能, 可用作涂料, 又有好的粘接性, 可用作胶粘剂。
本发明还提供了另一种制备 HDI、 TMXDI和其它多聚异氰酸酯等三元和三元以上 异氰酸酯为基础的水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液的方法,它包括以下步骤:
1. 制备一种水分散性的异氰酸接尾的聚氨酯预聚物, 它由下列原料成分反应生 成:
(1) HDI, TMXDI和其它的多聚异氰酸酯组成的至少三种不同异氰酸酯构成的异氰 酸酯成分, 其中三种异氰酸酯的重量百分比分别为 1-98 : 1-98 : 1-98;
(2)一种羟基羧酸,其分子式为(H0) xR (C00H) y,其中 R代表含 1-12碳原子的直链 或带支链的烃基, X和 y代表 1-3的数目;
(3) 一种有机的多羟基化合物, 包括聚酯多元醇、 聚醚多元醇、 磺酸型的聚多元 醇、 聚 (酯 -醚) 多元醇或上述多元醇的物理混合物; (4) 选择性地, 一种分子量从 60到 400的脂肪族多元醇;
2. 用下列原料的自由基聚合制备一种水性聚烯烃的分散液:
(1) 至少一种不饱和的烯类单体, 如丙烯酸酯类单体、 醋酸乙烯酯类单体、 乙烯 类单体、 苯乙烯、 丙烯腈;
(2) 至少一种乳化剂, 或表面活性剂, 或带活泼氢原子的自由基活性保护胶体;
(3) 选择性地,一种含阴离子和 /或离子基团的烯类单体,如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、 丁烯二酸以及它们相对应的离子单体;
(4) 选择性地, 一种含活泼氢的不饱和烯类单体, 如羟乙基丙烯酸酯、 烯丙醇、 烯丙胺、 N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺;
(5) 至少一种自由基引发剂;
3. 将 1的产物分散于 2中, 并加入胺类扩链剂扩链。
由此种方法制备的水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液, 可以是一种贯穿网络结 构,但其中的水性聚氨酯和水性聚烯烃之间除了物理键的结合外, 有可能存在化学键 的结合,这种杂化高聚物分散液有好的粘接性质,可用作胶粘剂,又有好的成膜性质, 适合作为涂料使用。
本发明进一步提供了第三种制备 HDI, T XDI和其它多聚异氰酸酯等三元和三元 以上异氰酸酯为基础的水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液的方法, 包括以下步 骤:
1. 用惰性的不饱和的烯类单体作为溶剂制备一种水分散性的异氰酸酯接尾的聚 氨酯预聚物, 此预聚物由下列原料反应生成:
(1) HDI , TMXDI和其它的多聚异氰酸酯组成的至少三种不同异氰酸酯构成的异氰 酸酯成分, 其中三种异氰酸酯的重量百分比分别为 1-98 : 1-98 : 1-98;
(2) —种羟基羧酸, 其分子式为 (H0) xR (C00H) y,其中 R代表含 1-12碳原子的直链 或带支链的烃基, X和 y代表 1-3的数目;
(3) 一种有机的多羟基化合物, 包括聚酯多元醇、 聚醚多元醇、 磺酸型的聚多元 醇、 聚 (酯 -醚) 多元醇或上述多元醇的物理混合物;
(4) 选择性地, 一种分子量从 60到 400的脂肪族多元醇。
作为溶剂的不饱和烯类单体包括垸基酸的烯类酯、 丙烯酸酯类、 甲基丙烯酸酯类;
2. 将 1的预聚物和烯类单体的混合物分散于水中;
3. 加入胺或肼类扩链剂和自由基引发剂;
4. 选择性地, 加入更多量的不饱和烯类单体、 乳化剂, 和 /或表面活性剂;
5. 在 40-90°C, 1-10小时内完成烯类单体的自由基聚合。
由此种方法制备的水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液中聚氨酯和烯类聚合物是 一种分子级的混合物, 贯穿网络结构, 呈现优良的物理机械性质和耐化学性质, 是性 质优良的胶粘剂和涂料。 发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液。
本发明目的还提供一种水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液的制备方法。 本发明另一目的是提供上述水性氨基甲酸酯-晞烃杂化高聚物分散液的用作涂料 和胶粘剂的用途。
本发明中所述的 "氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物"定义为含有氨基甲酸酯并包括 含有脲基团的聚合物与不饱和烯类聚合物通过物理键和化学键构成的杂化高聚物,它 包括其组成的两种不同高聚物的分子级混合物, 高分子合金, 贯穿网状聚合物, 核 / 壳结构, 接技共聚, 嵌段共聚, 或这些结构体的混合物。
本发明的水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液是一种以 HDI、TMXDI和其它多 聚异氰酸酯组成的至少三种异氰酸酯混合物为基础的水性氨基甲酸酯聚合物与水性 不饱和烯类单体聚合物通过物理键和化学键构成的水性杂化高聚物分散液。此水性杂 化高聚物分散液,与其相对应的水性聚氨酯分散液和相对应的水性不饱和烯类单体聚 合物分散液或乳液的混合物相比较, 作为涂料使用, 其成膜性比混合物好, 薄膜的透 明性比混合物好, 薄膜的强度和伸长率均比混合物高, 作为胶粘剂使用, 其粘接强度 及耐温性能均比混合物高。
本发明的水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液的制备方法包括先制备一种预 聚物或预聚物和不饱和烯类单体的混合物, 由 HDI、 TMXDI和其它多聚异氰酸酯等三 种或三种以上多聚异氰酸酯, 在少量有机溶剂的存在下, 和 /或在惰性的不饱和烯类 单体作溶剂的条件, 与多聚醇、 羟基羧酸化合物、 叔胺类中和剂, 可能还包含小分子 多元醇等反应生成水可分散的异氰酸接尾的聚氨酯预聚物或预聚物和不饱和烯类单 体的混合物。
本发明的水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液(I )是将上述制得的预聚物分 散于水中,加入胺或肼类扩链剂扩链生成水性聚氨酯分散液。然后以此生成的水性聚 氨酯分散液作为种子,加入预乳化的不饱和烯类单体和自由基引发剂进行自由基种子 乳液聚合, 制得一种以水性聚氨酯为核, 不饱和烯类聚合物为壳的核 /壳结构水性氨 基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液。
本发明的水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液 (II ) 是先制备一种含活泼氢 原子基团的不饱和烯类单体聚合物的分散液或乳液,然后将上述的水分散性的预聚物 分散于此聚烯烃的分散液或乳液中,加入胺或肼类扩链剂, 生成一种水性氨基酸甲酸
-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液, 其中水性氨基酸甲酯聚合物和水性不饱和单体聚合物之间 有化学键的结合。
本发明的水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液(III )是将上述制备的水分散 性预聚物和不饱和烯类单体的混合物分散于水中,加入胺类或肼类扩链剂使预聚物扩 链生成氨基甲酸酯的聚合物。 与此同时, 加入自由基引发剂和乳化剂, 也可加入更多 量的不饱和烯类单体,进行烯类单体的自由基乳液聚合。最终制得一种水性氨基甲酸 酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液, 其中的两种组分包括分子级的混合物, 形成贯穿网状结 构。
制备本发明水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液的多聚异氰酸酯, 除了 1, 6- 己基二异氰酸酯(HDI )和四甲基苯二甲基二异氰酸酯(TMXDI )夕卜, 其它的多聚异氰 酸酯可以是脂肪族的, 也可以是芳香族的,或者脂肪族和芳香族多聚异氰酸酯的混合 物。 适用的脂肪族二异氰酸酯的例子有异佛尔酮二异氰酸酷 (IPDI ) , 环戊基二异氰 酸酯、环己基二异氰酸酯,甲基环己基二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲垸二异氰酸酯 ( H,2MDI ), 1, 4-四甲基二异氰酸酯, 2, 2, 4一三甲基一 1, 6—乙基二异氰酸酯, 1 , 12— +二烷 基异氰酸酯。 适用的芳香族二异氰酸酯的例子有苯二异氰酸酯, 甲苯二异氰酸酯 (TDI ) , 二甲苯二异氰酸酯, 二联苯二异氰酸酯, 萘二异氰酸酯, 二苯甲垸二异氰酸 酯 (MDI )。 比较好的三元组合是 HDI和 TMXDI与 IPDI, 或与 HI2MDI, 或与 MDI, 或与 TDI。最好的组合是 HDI, TMXDI和 IPDI ,或者亂 TMXDI和 MDI (或 TDI )。其中匪, TMXDI和第三种多聚异氰酸酯的重量比分别为 1-98 : 1-98 : 1-98。
如果需要的话,少量的单异氰酸酯和多聚异氰酸酯也可用在异氰酸酯的组合中来 制备本发明的预聚物。用的单异氰酸酯和多聚异氰酸酯的配比应使得生成的预聚物的 平均异氰酸酯基团含量等于或大于 2。 适用的单异氰酸酯包括甲基异氰酸酯, 乙基异 氰酸酯, +八垸基异氰酸酯等。适用的多聚异氰酸酯包括异氰酸酯基团大于 2的改性 二异氰酸酯, 如 HDI, IPDI , TDI等的三聚体。 此外, 改性的多聚异氰酸酯可能包含 有氨基甲酸酯, 缩二脲等基因。
适合用于制备本发明的水性水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液的多聚醇化 合物, 其数均分子量从 400到 10000, 分子量从 400到 3000会更好。 这些高分子量 的多聚醇包括:
1. 聚酯多元醇, 由多羟基化合物, 比较好的是二元醇, 可能加入三元醇, 和多 元羧酸化合物, 比较好的是二元羧酸化合物反应而制得。
除了这些多元羧酸外, 相应的羧酸酐化合物, 或这些多元羧酸的小分子醇的酯, 以及它们的混合物也可用来制备这些聚酯多元醇。这些多元羧酸化合物可以是脂肪族 的, 脂环的, 芳香族的, 和 /或杂环的。 它们可以是不饱和的, 和 /或者被卤素等取代 的。 这些羧酸的例子有: 丁二酸、 己二酸、 辛二酸、 壬二酸、 癸二酸、 苯二酸、 苯偏 三酸、 苯二酸酐、 四氢化酞酸酐、 六氢化酞酸酐、 四氯苯二酸酐、 桥甲基四氢化酞酸 酐、 谷氨酸酐、 马来酸、 马来酸酐、 反式丁烯二酸, 脂肪酸的二聚和三聚体, 例如可 与脂肪酸混合的油酸的二聚和三聚体, 二甲基对苯二甲酸酯和对苯二甲酸二乙二醇 酯。 适用的多羟基醇化合物包括乙二醇, 1, 2-和 1, 3-丙二醇, 1, 3-和 1, 4-丁二醇, 1, 6-己二醇, 1, 8-辛二醇, 新戊二醇、 二乙二醇, 2-甲基 -1, 3-丙二醇、 2, 2-二甲基 -1,3-丙二醇, 二羟基甲基环己垸的各种异构体, 丙三醇和三羟甲基丙垸。
2. 聚内酯多元醇, 例如用上述多元醇引发的己内酯的聚合物。
3. 含多羟基的聚碳酸酯, 例如前面提到的制备聚酯多元醇用的多元醇化合物与 光气, 二芳基碳酸酯反应的产物。适用的还包括上述聚酯或聚内酯的低分子量的齐聚 物与光气, 二芳基碳酸酯或环状碳酸酯的反应产物。其中, 所述的多元醇化合物比较 好的是二元醇的化合物, 如 1, 3-丙二醇, 1, 4-丁二醇, 1, 4-二甲羟基环己烷, 1, 6- 己二醇, 二乙二醇, 三乙二醇或四乙二醇。 所述的二芳基碳酸酯包括二苯基碳酸酯, 乙烯或丙烯等的环状碳酸酯等。
4. 聚醚多元醇, 包括用含活泼氢的化合物启动的垸基环氧化合物反应的聚合物。 这些环氧化合物包括环氧丙垸, 环氧丁垸, 环氧苯乙烯, 四氢呋喃, 3-氯 -1, 2-环氧 丙烷, 或者这些环氧化合物的混合物。 如果聚醚中的环氧乙垸的重量含量不超过 10% 的话, 使用一定比例的环氧乙垸也可。 不过不含乙烯环氧的聚醚多元醇更适于使用。 启动此反应的至少含一个活泼氢原子的化合物,除了上述的适合于制备聚酯多元醇的 那些多元醇化合物外, 还包括水, 甲醇, 乙醇, 1, 2, 6-己三醇, 1, 2, 4-丁三醇, 三甲 羟基乙垸, 季戊四醇, 甘露糖醇, 山梨糖醇, 甲基配粮物, 蔗糖, 苯酚, 异壬基苯酚, 间苯二酚, 氢醌, 1,1,1-或 1, 1, 2-三 (烃基苯基)乙垸。 用含胺基的化合物启动的聚 醚多元醇也能使用, 但用得少。 适用的胺基化合物包括乙二胺, 二乙烯三胺, 三乙烯 四胺, 1, 6-己二胺, 哌嗪, 2, 5-二甲基哌嗪, 1-胺基 -3-胺基甲基 -3, 5, 5-三甲基环己 烷,二 (4-胺基环己基)甲垸,二 (4-胺基- 3-甲基环己基)甲浣, 1, 4-环己垸二胺, 1, 2- 丙二胺, 肼, 氨基酸酰肼, 半卡巴肼羧酸的酰肼, 氨, 甲胺, 四亚甲基二胺, 乙醇胺, 二乙醇二胺, 三乙醇二胺, 苯胺, 苯二胺, 2, 4和 2, 6-甲苯二胺, 苯胺和甲醛缩合反 应得到的聚苯聚甲基多元胺, 以及它们的混合物。苯酚和甲酚的树脂也能作为启动化 合物。 比较好的制备聚醚多元醇的启动化合物是仅含羟基的化合物,其次是含叔胺的 化合物, 再其次是含与异氰酸酯反应的 NH基团的化合物。
5. 聚硫醚二醇, 包括 2, 2' -二羟基二乙硫自身缩聚物, 和与其它二醇, 二元羧 酸, 甲醛, 胺基羧酸, 或胺基醇的缩聚物。
6. 磺酸型的聚合多元醇。 此类聚合多元醇可由二元羧酸、 磺酸二醇和磺酸二元 羧酸制备, 比较好的磺酸型聚合多元醇由 5-磺酸钠间苯二酸, 己二酸和 1, 4-丁二醇, 和 /或二乙二醇缩合反应制备。
如果需要的话,单元醇和高于二元醇的多元醇也能用来制备本发明的异氰酸酯接 尾的预聚物。但单元醇和多元醇的配比要保证生成的预聚物的平均异氰酸酯基团的数 目等于或大于 2。 适合的例子包括甲醇、 乙醇、 正丙醇、 异丙醇、 己醇、 辛醇、 丙三 醇、 三羟甲基丙烷, 1, 2, 4-丁三醇, 1, 2, 6-己三醇, 以及它们的混合物。
为了使异氰酸酯接尾的预聚物能分散到水中形成稳定的本发明的水性氨基甲酸 酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液, 必须在预聚物的分子结构上嵌入亲水的基团, 即阴离子 基团, 阳离子基团, 或无离子的亲水基团。 适用的亲水组分含水有至少一个(最好至 少 2个)对异氰酸酯基团, 或对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团, 和含至少一个亲水基团或 一个潜在的亲水基团,能够被用来嵌入潜在离子基团的化合物的例子包括脂肪族的羟 基羧酸, 脂肪族或芳香族的胺基(伯胺或仲胺)羧酸, 脂肪族的羟基磺酸, 脂肪族或 芳香族胺基 (伯胺或仲胺) 磺酸。 这些酸的分子量最好小于 400。
根据本发明,嵌入聚氨酯预聚物中较好的阴离子基团是羧酸基团和如下一般分子 式的羟基羧酸: (H0) xQ (C00H) y其中 Q含 1到 12碳原子的线性或分支的垸烃基团, x 和 y代表从 1到 3的数目。 比较好的是 X等于 2。 最好羟基羧酸是由下面分子式代表 的 2, 2-二羟甲基垸基酸:
Figure imgf000008_0001
其中 R1代表氢或碳原子从 1到 9的垸基, 这些化合物的例子是 2, 2-二羟甲基乙 酸, 2, 2-二羟甲基丙酸, 2, 2-二羟甲基丁酸,和 2, 2-二羟甲基戊酸。 比较好的是 2, 2 - 二羟甲基丙酸 (DMPA)。
羧酸基团可以用中和剂来处理转变成亲水的阴离子基团。 中和剂包括碱金属盐, 氨, 氨水, 伯胺, 仲胺, 或叔胺。 适合的碱金属盐是氢氧化钠, 氢氧化钾, 氢化钠, 氢化钾, 碳酸钠, 碳酸钾, 碳酸氢钠或碳酸氢钾。 比较好的是用挥发性的有机胺, 最 好是叔胺化合物。 适用的胺类化合物的例子有三甲胺, 三乙胺, 三异丙胺, 三丁胺, Ν, Ν-二甲基环己胺, Ν, Ν-二甲十八碳烷胺, Ν, Ν-二甲基苯胺, Ν-甲基吗啉, Ν-乙基吗 啉, Ν-甲基哌嗪, Ν-甲基吡啶烷, Ν-甲基吡啶, Ν, Ν-二甲基乙醇胺, 三乙醇胺, Ν- 甲基二乙醇胺, 二甲基丙醇胺, 2-甲氧乙基二甲胺, Ν-羟乙基吡啶, 2- (2-二甲基乙 氧基胺)乙醇或 5-二乙胺 -2-甲丙酮。 最好的叔胺是不含异氰酸酯活性基团的叔胺。
羟基羧酸中的羧酸可以先中和后再与异氰酸酯反应而嵌入预聚物的结构中,羟基 羧酸的羟基也可和聚多元醇一起与异氰酸酯反应生成带羧酸基的预聚物,再用碱金属 盐或叔胺化合物中和预聚物中的羧酸基团。 羧酸基团的中和也可部分在预聚物生成 前, 部分在预聚物生成后, 中和后的预聚物比较容易分散到水中。 在某些情况下, 特 别是基于 HDI的聚酯型预聚物, 中和剂的加入, 会引起预聚物的粘度急剧增加, 则可 将中和剂与水混合,然后将未中和或部分中和的预聚物分散到此含中和剂的水中。 中 和剂的用量为羧酸当量的 100%到 120%。
在某些情况下,小分子量的二醇也可能与聚多元醇混合用来制备异氰酸基接尾的 预聚物。 一般为脂肪族二醇, 分子量从 60到 400。 小分子量二醇的例子有乙二醇, 1,3-丙二醇, 1, 4-丁二醇或 1, 6-己二醇。 最常用的是 1, 4-丁二醇, 小分子量二醇可 以增加聚氨酯的强度, 耐水和耐温性能。
异氰酸酯基接尾的预聚物是由过量的异氯酸酯与上述含活泼氢的化合物反应而制备。 异氰酸酯中的 NC0和含活泼氢的化合物的 0Η的当量比为 1-4. 0 : 1. 0, 生成的预聚物 中异氰酸基团的重量百分含量为 1%到 10%。上述含活泼氢的化合物中, 聚多元醇, 羟 基羧酸化合物和小分子量的二醇的重量比为 50-98 : 1-20 : 0-20。预聚物制备的温度为 25°C到 120°C, 反应时间为 1-20小时, 比较好的反应温度是从 60°C到 100°C, 低于 25Ό的反应温度, 反应时间太长, 而且生成的预聚物的粘度高, 操作困难, 很难分散 于水中。 当然也可用共溶剂来降低预聚物的粘度, 但加入过多量的有机溶剂, 会引起 环保、 安全和健康等问题, 另一方面高于 12CTC的反应温度会引起副反应, 如异氰酸 酯基团与羧基的反应, 异氰酸酯与氨基甲酸酯基团上的氢的反应等, 导致预聚物的性 质变化而使得生成的水性聚氨酯分散液的性能变化。
如果需要的话, 少量的催化剂可用来加速预聚物的合成反应, 一般催化剂的用来 为预聚物总重量的 0. 05%到 2. 0%, 比较好的为 0. 1%到 0. 2%, 常用的催化剂是二丁基 锡二月桂酸酯。
如果需要的话, 预聚物也可在共溶剂的存在下制备,这些共溶剂必须是不含活泼 氢的挥发性有机化合物。加入共溶剂可降低预聚物的粘度, 是预聚物的合成反应较均 匀的进行, 适用的共溶剂有酮类、 酯类、 醚类和酮酯类等有机溶剂。 比较常用的共溶 剂为丙酮和 N-甲基 -2-吡啶垸酮(NMP)。 共溶剂的用量一般为预聚物重量的 0%到 5%, 即在生成的水性聚氨酯分散液中, 有机溶剂的重量含量不超过 2% (以 40%固含量计 算)。
不饱和烯类单体也可用来作为溶剂来制备聚氨酯预聚物,这些烯类单体也必须不 含活泼氢的基团。烯类单体同样可降低预聚物的粘度,使预聚物的合成反应较均匀进 行。 适用的烯类单体包括丙烯酸酯类, 甲基丙烯酸酯类, 各种垸基酸的乙烯酯类等。 烯类单体的用量一般为预聚物重量的 2%到 50%。这样制得的预聚物和烯类单体混合物 可以按照纯碎的预聚物同样的方式, 分散于水中, 加入胺类或肼类的扩链剂扩链。 与 此同时, 加入引发剂和乳化剂或表面活性剂, 也可加入更多量的烯类单体, 进行自由 基乳液聚合。 最后得到本发明的一种水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液。
在少量有机溶剂或无有机溶剂存在下制得的预聚物,可直接分散于含活泼氢基团 的烯类单体聚合物的乳液中,再加入一定量的胺类或肼类扩链剂, 最终制得本发明的 另一种水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液。
在少量有机溶剂或无有机溶剂存在下制得的预聚物也可分散于水中,扩链生成水 性聚氨酯分散液,再以此水性聚氨酯分散液作为种子,进行烯类单体的种子乳液聚合, 最终制得本发明的核 /壳结构的水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液。
如果需要的话, 不含活泼氢的外加乳化剂也可用来增加预聚物的水分散能力。外 加的分散剂可以是阴离子的、 阳离子的、或无离子的, 取决于水性聚氨酯分散液的离 子特性。外加的乳化剂、分散剂和表面活性剂可以在分散于水前加入预聚物中或加入 水中,或加入生成的水性聚氨酯分散液中。如果需要的话,还可以加去泡剂,流平剂, 还可以加入增稠剂来调节水性聚氨酯的粘度。
异氰酸酯基团接尾的预聚物一旦生成,就可以在搅拌下分散于蒸馏水或去离子水 中。制备稳定的水性聚氨酯分散液所用的水量, 为生成的水性聚氨酯水分散液总重量 的 80%到 40%, 比较好的是 65%到 50%, 可以将水加入预聚物中分散, 也可以将预聚物 加入水中进行分散,也可以在线路中让预聚物流和水流通过一个高速分散装置进行连 续分散。预聚物在分散前的温度一般为 35°C到 110°C, 比较好的温度是 45°C到 90°C, 最好是 70°C到 80°C, 用作分散的水是温度为 25°C到 90°C, 比较好的是室温或 60-70 。C。
在预聚物分散于水中及其羧酸基团全部被中和而变成离子基团后,将扩链剂加入 此预聚物的分散液。扩链剂可以是已知的醇类扩链剂,但比较好的是胺或羟胺类的扩 链剂。 扩链剂可以在预聚物分散前, 分散同时, 或分散后加入水中。
胺类扩链剂是一种多元胺或多元胺的混合物,胺扩链剂的平均官能度, 即每个分子中 胺的氮原子数目, 应该为约 1.8到 6.0, 比较好的为 2.0到 4.0, 最好是 2.0到 3.0。 所需的官能度可用多元胺的混合来达到。 例如, 2.5的官能度可用等克分子的二胺和 三胺的混合物而得到。
适用的胺扩链剂是有 2到 6个胺基因的烃类多元胺化合物,其中的胺是伯胺或仲 胺, 可以是芳香族的, 脂肪族的, 或脂环的胺, 一般有 1-30个碳原子, 比较好的为 2-15个碳原子, 最好的是有 2-10个碳原子。 多元胺的离子有二乙撑三胺, 三乙撑四 胺, 四乙撑五胺, N-(2-哌嗪乙基)乙撑二胺, Ν,Ν'-二 -(2-氨基乙基)哌嗪, Ν,Ν,Ν'- 三 (2-氨乙基)乙撑二胺, Ν- [Ν- (2-氨乙基)] -Ν'- (2-哌嗪乙基)-乙撑二胺, Ν-(2-氨基 乙撑 -Ν'- (2-哌嗪乙基)胺, Ν,Ν-二 (2-哌嗪乙基)胺, 聚乙烯亚胺, 亚氨二胺胍, 三聚 氰胺, Ν-(2-氨乙基 )-1,3-丙二胺, 3, 3'-二氨基联苯胺, 2, 4, 6-二氨基嘧啶, 聚环氧 丙烯胺, 四丙撑五胺, 三丙撑四胺, 顯-二 (6-氨己基)胺, Ν,Ν'-二 (3-氨丙基)己撑二 胺, 或 2,4-二 (4' -氨苯基)苯胺。 比较好的多元胺包括异佛尔酮二胺 (IPDA), 二 (4- 氨基环己基)甲垸, 二 (4-氨基- 3-甲基环己基)甲烷, 1,6-己二胺, 乙二胺, 二乙撑三 胺, 三乙撑四胺, 四乙撑五胺或五乙撑六胺。 用肼作扩链剂也较好。
扩链剂的用量取决于预聚物中接尾的异氰酸酯基团的数目。一般预聚物中末端异 氰酸酯基和扩链剂中异氰酸酯基——活性基团的当量比例为 1.0:0.6至 1.0:1.1, 更 好的比例是 1.0:0.8 至 1.0:0.98。
水也能作为扩链剂。 预聚物末端的异氰酸酯基与水反应生成胺, 放出二氧化碳。 生成的胺再与另一个异氰酸酯基团反应, 生成脲键, 便预聚物链增长而成高聚物。 此 种扩链反应放出大量二氧化碳, 使分散液形成泡沫, 必须加氨水中和, 和加消泡剂, 才能得到稳定的水性聚氨酯分散液。
分散于水中的预聚物与扩链剂的反应一般在 5- 90°C范围进行, 比较好的是在 20-80Ό进行, 最好是在 25-6CTC范围内进行, 反应一般要进行到预聚物的异氰酸酯 基团基本上完全被反应为止。
最终的产品是一个稳定胶体颗粒的水性聚氨酯分散液。其粒径大小一般低于 1.0 微米, 如 0.01-1.0微米。 比较好的低于 0.5微米, 最好是在 0.01到 0.3微米, 本制 备方法可制得纳米水性聚氨酯分散液, 其粒径小于 100纳米 (0.1微米)。 纳米水性 聚氨酯分散液有好的贮存稳定性, 好的粘结性质和好的成膜性质。
制得的水性聚氨酯分散液一般其固含量为 20%到 60%, 比较好的固含量为 35%到 50%。
制得的水性聚氨酯分散液的 pH值取决于其离子类型, 是阴离子、 阳离子, 或无 离子型。 一般本发明包含的水性聚氨酯分散液为阴离子型, 其 pH为 6-10, 比较好的 是 7-9.5, 最好是 7.5-9.5。
. 制得的水性聚氨酯水分散液的粘度为 10-10000厘泊, 较好的为 100- 1000厘泊, 可用增稠剂来调节水性聚氨酯的粘度, 一般的增稠剂为聚氨酯的分散液, 丙烯酸聚合 物乳液, 或纤维素的水分散液。
制得的水性聚氨酯水分散液可以是一种纳米级的水性聚氨酯分散液,其粒径小于 100 纳米, 特别适于作为烯类单体乳液聚合的种子, 从而制得本发明的一种核 /壳结 构的水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液。
用来制备本发明的水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液的不饱和烯类单体包 括-
(1) 含 1-18碳原子垸基酸的乙烯酯, 如甲酸乙烯酯, 乙酸乙烯酯, 丙酸乙烯酯, 丁酸乙烯酯, 异丁酸乙烯酯, 戊酸乙烯酯, 2-乙基己酸乙烯酯, 异辛酸乙烯酯, 壬酸 乙烯酯, 癸酸乙烯酯, 三甲基醋酸乙烯酯, 维尔烯酸乙烯酯, 月桂酸乙烯酯, 硬脂酸 乙烯酯;
(2) 2-烯烃, 如乙烯, 丙烯, 丁烯, 异丁烯, 戊烯;
(3) 丙烯酸的垸基酯,其中烷基含 1-18碳原子, 如甲基, 乙基, 正丁基, 异丁基, 叔丁基, 各种戊基的异构体, 己基, 戊基, 辛基 (特别是 2-乙基己基), 十二垸基, 十六烧基, 十八院基等;
(4) 甲基丙烯酸烷基酯, 其中垸基含 1-18碳原子, 如甲基, 乙基, 丙基, 正丁基, 异丁基, 己基, 2-乙基己基, 正辛基, 十二垸基, 十六垸基, 十八烷基等;
(5) 垸基乙烯醚, 其中垸基含 1-18碳原子, 如甲基乙烯醚, 乙基乙烯醚, 丁基乙 烯醚, 十八烷基乙烯醚等;
(6) 双烯单体, 如丁二烯, 氯丁二烯, 异戊二烯等;
(7) 芳香族乙烯单体, 如苯乙烯, α -甲基苯乙烯, 甲苯乙烯, 丙烯酸苯酯;
(8) 卤化乙烯单体, 如氯乙烯, 氯丁二烯, 2-溴苯乙烯, 对 -氯苯乙烯;
(9) 芳香族酸的乙烯酯, 如苯甲酸乙烯酯;
(10) 含阴离子和 /或离子基的不饱和烯类单体, 如丙烯酸, 甲基丙烯酸, 反式丁烯 二酸, 丁烯酸, 甲叉丁二酸, 甲基反式丁烯二酸, 顺式丁烯二酸, 顺式甲基丁二酸以 及它们对应的盐, 其用量为单体的总重量的 0— 10% ;
01) 含活泼氢的不饱和烯类单体, 如羟乙基丙烯酸酯, 烯丙基醇, 烯丙基胺, Ν- 羟甲基丙烯酰胺, 丙烯酸乙二醇酯, 甲叉丁二酸乙二醇酯, 3-氨基丁烯酸甲酯, 含活 泼氢的不饱和烯类单体的用量一般占单体总重量的 0— 5 % ;
(12) 其它, 如丙烯腈, 丙烯酰胺, 双丙烯酸丁二醇酯, 双丙烯酸己二醇酯, 双甲 基丙烯酸乙二醇酯, 三丙烯酸三羟甲基丙酯, 三丙烯酸季戊四醇酯。
交联性的共单体也可用来制造含交联结构的水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分 散液。 交联性的共单体包括甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯, 丙烯酸烯丙酯, 丙烯酸丁烯酯, 丙烯 酸十一垸烯酯, 甲基丙烯酸十一垸烯酯, 丙烯乙烯酯, 甲基丙烯酸乙烯酯, 双丙烯酸 乙二醇酯,双甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯,双甲基丙烯酸 1, 4-丁二醇酯,双甲基丙烯酸 1, 3- 丁二醇酯, 二乙烯基苯。 交联性共单体的用量一般占单体总重量的 0. 1-5%, 以不导 致聚合物分散液胶凝为原则。
乳液聚合物的工艺己为人所共知, 可参考曹同王等编"聚合物乳液合成原理, 性 能及应用", 化学工业出版社, 1997年出版。 烯类单体的乳液聚合由自由基引发剂引 发。 自由基引发剂分为水溶性, 油溶性和混合性。 本发明中用的自由基引发剂包括:
(1) 过硫酸性, 如过硫酸钾, 过硫酸铵;
(2) 过氧化物, 如过氧化氢, 过氧化苯甲酰, 叔丁基过氧化氢, 异丙基苯过氧化 氢;
(3) 偶氮化合物, 如偶氮二氰基戊酸, 偶氮二异丁腈, 偶氮二二甲基戊腈, 偶氮 二甲基丙腈;
(4) 氧化还原引发剂, 如过氧化氢- Fe ( 11 ), 过硫酸钾-亚硫酸氢钠, 叔丁基过氧 化氢-硫酸亚铁 (II );
引发剂的使用量为不饱和烯类单体总重量 0. 05%到 1. 5%, 比较好的为 0. 1%到 0. 5%。
链转移剂常用来控制烯类聚合物的分子量, 本发明中使用的链转移剂包括 2-氢 硫基乙醇, 硫代乳酸, 烷基硫醇等。
不饱和烯类单体的乳液聚合物还需要添加乳化剂或表面活性剂。本发明中用的乳 化剂和表面活性剂为阴离子型,或无离子型,或两性乳化剂,如磷酸酯的表面活性剂, 羧酸和羧酸酯类, 磺酸和磺酸酯类, 聚氧化乙烯醚等, 其用量为总重量 0. 1%— 5%。 含胺基和羟基的保护胶体也可用来制备烯类单体聚合物乳液, 如水分散性的聚 (乙烯醇) -共-聚(乙烯胺)聚合物 (Air Products and Chemicals, Inc的 EPO 599245 )。 这种保护胶体含胺量为 0. 5毫克当量克聚合物到 3. 5毫克当量 /克聚合物。 在乳液聚 合的过程中可能发生接技反应。将聚氨酯预聚物分散到用这种保护胶体制备的聚烯烃 乳液中时, 氨基甲酸酯聚合物和不饱和烯类聚合物之间也将有化学键的结合。
不饱和烯类单体的自由基乳液聚合一般在 5Ό到 95°C进行, 比较好的是在 25-80 °C范围内进行, 聚合时间一般为 1-15小时, 比较好的是 2-5小时。
本发明中用烯类单体作为溶剂或稀释剂来制备基于 HDI, TMXDI和其它多聚异氰 酸酯组成的至少三种异氰酸酯的聚氨酯预聚物,将此预聚物和烯类单体混合物分散于 水中, 在预聚物与胺类或肼类扩链节反应生成氨基甲酸酯聚合物的同时,其中的烯类 单体和补加的烯类单体,也按照上述不饱和烯类单体的自由基乳液聚合方法,加入引 发剂, 乳化剂在 5- 90'C进行 1-5小时的聚合反应, 比较好的是在 25-80°C进行 2-5 小时的聚合反应, 最后制得本发明的一种水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液, 其中氨基甲酸酯聚合物和烯类单体聚合物的重量比为 5-95 : 5-95。
本发明中制得的基于 HDI、 TMXDI和其它多聚异氰酸酯组成的至少三种异氰酸酯 的聚氨酯预聚物也可直接分散于上述不饱和烯类单体聚合物的乳液中,这种聚烯烃乳 液可能含伯胺、 叔胺, 羟基, 酰胺基等基团, 可以将预聚物先分散于水中, 立即与聚 烯烃乳液混合, 选择性地, 聚烯烃乳液也可加入预聚物的水分散液中, 或预聚物中。 选择性地,预聚物也可分散于用水稀释的聚烯烃乳液中。当预聚物与聚烯烃乳液混合 均匀后, 在 25-95'C , 比较好的在 45-75°C范围内搅拌 1-2小时, 与此同时, 加入胺 和肼类扩链剂, 完成预聚物的扩链反应, 最后制得本发明的另一种水性氨基甲酸酯- 烯烃杂化高聚物分散液, 其中氨基甲酸酯聚合物和烯类单体聚合物的重量比为 5-95 : 5-95。
制得本发明的再另一种水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液的方法是用水性 聚氨酯分散液作为种子进行不饱和烯类单体的自由基乳液聚合。按上述制备水性聚氨 酯分散液的方法先制备一种以 HDI、 TMXDI和其它多聚异氰酸酯组成的至少三种异氰 酸酯为基础的水性聚氨酯分散液作为种子。再用一个或多个不饱和烯类单体与重量为 单体总重量的 0. 1%— 5%的乳化剂和重量为单体总重量的 40— 250%的水混合制备一 种预乳化的不饱和烯类单体, 配制一种用量为单体总重量的 0. 05— 1. 5%、 重量百分 比浓度为 0. 5— 5%的引发剂的水溶液, 然后在搅拌下逐步将预乳化的不饱和烯类单 体和引发剂的水溶液加入水性聚氨酯分散液中, 在 5-90Ό聚合 1-15小时, 比较好的 是在 25-80Ό聚合 2-5小时, 制得的水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液, 其中 的氨基甲酸酯聚合物和烯类单体聚合物的重量比为 5-95 : 5-95。
上述几种方法制得的水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液, 一般其固含量为 20%到 70%,比较好的是 40-55%,其粒径大小一般为 30-2000纳米,比较好的为 40-1000 纳米, 更好的为 40-500纳米, 其粘度一般为 10-5000厘泊, 典型的为 10-1000厘泊。
本发明的水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液与其它水性高聚物有好的相容 性, 它们共混物, 可以改善其某些性能和降低其成本, 适合与之共混的水性高聚物的 例子有: 聚丙烯酸酯乳液, 聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯乳液, 聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液, 聚乙烯- 醋酸乙烯酯乳液, 聚氯乙烯乳液, 合成橡胶乳液, 天然橡胶乳液等。
本发明的水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液在许多情况可作为单组分使用。 为 进一步提高其粘接性质和涂膜的性质, 如提高其耐水性, 耐溶剂性和耐温性质, 可加 入水分散性固化剂。适用的固化剂有水分散性多聚异氰酸酯、 水分散性聚噁唑烷, 聚 碳化二亚胺, 聚氮丙啶, 水性环氧树脂等。这种固化剂的用量一般为双组分总重量的
1%到 20%, 比较好的为 3%到 7%。
本发明的水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液能用作胶粘剂, 粘合剂,涂料、 底漆和清漆, 可用在各种基材上, 包括纸、 木材、 皮革、 金属、 陶瓷、 水泥、 布、 天 然橡胶、 合成高分子材料等, 可用刷、 喷、 滚涂等方法施工。
本发明的水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液还能加入各种添加剂来改性, 这些添加剂包括表面活性剂, 消泡剂, 聚结助剂, 杀菌剂, 杀细菌剂, 增塑剂, 增稠 剂, 填料, 活性颜料, 紫外稳定剂, 香味剂, 水分散性蜡, 油, 阻燃剂等及它们的混 合物。 具体实施方式
用下列实施例来进一步说明本发明,但本发明不局限于这些实施例。实施例中所 用的配比和百分比, 除特别说明外, 一律为重量比。
测试方法:
用下列测试方法来表征本发明的高聚物。
剥离强度
用 0. 25mm厚的透明 PVC薄板作基材,用裁纸刀切成 250 X 300隱的块状,表面用 乙醇擦清。 用有细条纹的金属棒将水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液涂在清洁 后的 PVC上, 涂的长度为 150誦。涂有水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液的 PVC 在室温凉干 (一般 2小时以上), 然后将两块同样尺寸的涂胶的 PVC复合, 用裁纸刀 切成 25 X 150mm的条状试样, 将此条状试样用一个热封机, 在 70°C, 3. 5kg/Cm2的压 力下热活性 30秒, 用 Instron测定其 T-剥离强度, 速度为 30cm/分钟, 样品热活化 后 15分钟内测定的为瞬时剥离强度, 样品热活化室温放置 7天后测定的为最终剥离 强度。 实施例中粘结耐温性质机械性质测定的测定方法如下:
粘结耐温性质
测试样品制备同剥离强度, 用裁纸刀将样品切成 50 X 25關条状, 其中一端的涂 胶面积为表面 25 X 25mm, 将另一端未涂胶的 25 X 25mm的复合 PVC分幵, 呈 180度, 一端挂上 100克砝码, 另一端悬挂在鼓风烘箱内。 从室温升到 125Ό, 升温速度为 25 °C/时, 记录样品拉开砝码落下的温度, 到 125°C仍未拉开的样品, 则记录粘接面的 剥离程度。
机械性质测定
将水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液浇注在一个玻璃模具内, 置室温下干 燥过夜, 脱模, 放置 7天, 用刀具将薄膜切成哑铃状试样, 其厚度控制在 0. 5-1. Omn!。 用 Instron, 以 5cm/分的速度测定其应力 -应变性质, 记录屈服强度, 抗张强度和伸 长率。 实施例 1 制备一种核 /壳结构的水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液 聚合物 1A 聚合物 1A是一个聚丙烯酸酯的乳液
在一个装有搅拌器, 冷凝管和热电锅的玻璃反应斧内, 加入蒸馏水 200克, MS-1 乳化剂 (垸基苯聚醚磺酸钠) 6克, 甲基丙烯酸甲酯 98克, 丙烯酸丁酯 98克, 甲基 丙烯酸 4克和过硫酸铵 0. 4克, 搅拌下缓慢升温至 8CTC反应 3小时。 与此同时在半 小时内缓慢滴加过硫酸钾 0. 4克在蒸馏水 40克中的溶液, 然后再加 0. 1克过硫酸钾 在 10克水中的溶液,将反应温度升至 95°C保温半小时,冷却,加入氨水调 pH至 8-9, 其固含量为 45. 1%, 粘度为 1150厘泊, !4为8. 6, 粒径大小为 850纳米。
聚合物 1B 聚合物 1B是一个水性聚氨酯分散液
在一个装有搅拌器, 冷凝管, 热电偶温度计和氯化钙干燥管的玻璃反应斧内, 加 入 210克聚酯二醇(由 1, 6-己二醇和己二酸制备, 分子量 2000 ), 2. 25克 1, 4-丁二 醇和 14. 1克 DMPA (二轻甲基丙酸),与 42. 34克隱, 23. 31克 IPDI和 5. 12克 TMXDI , 在 17. 8克丙酮存在下, 于 70Ό反应 3小时。 加入 10. 1克二乙胺搅拌 15分钟, 将所 生成的中和的异氰酸酯接尾的预聚物在快速搅拌下分散于 529克水中,然后缓缓地加 入 7. 6克乙二胺在 30克水中的溶液, 此分散液在 60- 65°C下继续搅拌 1小时, 得到 一个稳定的水性聚氨酯分散液, 其固含量为 35. 1%, 粘度为 350厘泊, pH为 9. 1, 粒 径大小为 180纳米。
聚合物 1C 聚合物 1C是一个以聚合物 1B的水性聚氨酯分散液作种子进行丙烯酸 酯单体乳液聚合制得的水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液
在装有搅拌器, 热电偶温度计和冷凝管的玻璃反应斧内, 加入 257克 1B的水性 聚氨酯分散液, 搅拌升温至 80°C, 在 2小时内缓慢滴加丙烯酸混合单体的预乳化液 (87. 5克水, 乳化剂 MS-1 2克, 甲基丙烯酸甲酯 43克, 丙烯酸丁酯 43克和丙烯酸 1. 75克并用氨水调节 pH为 8-9), 和引发剂的水溶液(0. 4克过硫酸钠和 17. 5克水) 在 8CTC下保温 1小时, 再升温至 95°C保温半小时。 冷却, 得到稳定的水性氨基甲酸 酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液, 其固含量为 40. 5%, 粘度为 450厘泊, !"1为 8. 2, 粒径 大小为 350纳米。 其中固体聚氨酯和聚丙烯酸酯的重量比为 50/50。
将聚合物 1A和聚合物 1B按其固含量重量比为 50 : 50相混合室温成膜,其膜不透 明, 其抗张强度为 15MPa, 伸长率为 520%, 而聚合物 1C室温成的膜透明, 其抗张强 度为 31MPa, 伸长率为 650% 实施例 2 制备一种核 /壳结构的水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液 首先制备一个预乳化的单体。将 100克蒸馏水, 10克乳化剂 OP-10 (聚氧化乙烯 壬基酚醚), 160克甲基丙烯酸甲酯, 165克丙烯酸丁酯和 5克丙烯酸羟己酯混合均匀, 配制成预乳化的丙烯酸酯单体混合物。
配制一个引发剂的水溶液。 将 2克叔丁基过氧化氢和 20克水混合, 制成引发剂的水 溶液。
配制一个还原剂的水溶液。 将 1克甲醛次硫酸钠和 20克水混合, 制成还原剂的 水溶液。
在一个装有搅拌器、热电偶温度计、氮氧入口管和冷凝管的玻璃反应斧内, 加入 水 180克, 硫代乳酸 0. 07克, 甲醛次硫酸钠 0. 15克和 EDTA- Fe (乙二胺四乙酸二钠 和二价铁离子的络合物) 0. 04克在室温搅拌 10分钟, 混合均匀。 然后再加入 825克 水性聚氨酯分散液产品 D-001 (上海新友水性聚氨酯聚酯有限公司产品, 根据本发明 人申请的中国专利, 申请号 02110585. 5而生产的基于 HDI , TMXDI和第三种二异氰酸 酯等三种二异氰酸酯混合物的水性聚氨酯分散液)。 在氮气保护下, 将反应混合物加 热至 65°C, 停止通氮气, 在搅拌下开始滴加上述配制的预乳化单体, 引发剂水溶液 和还原剂水溶液, 预乳化单体在 3. 5小时内加完, 引发剂水溶液和还原剂水溶液在 4 小时内加完。 加完引发剂和还原剂水溶液后, 在 65°C再保温搅拌 1 小时, 冷却到室 温, 得到一个稳定的水性聚氨酯 -聚丙烯酸酯杂化高聚物分散液。 其中固体聚氨酯和 固体聚丙烯酸酯的重量比为 50 : 50。 按此同样的方法, 制得了聚氨酯 /聚丙烯酸酯重 量比为 75/25和 25/75的水性聚氨酯 -聚丙烯酸酯杂化高聚物分散液。 按上述方法,在不存在水性聚氨酯分散液 D-001的情况下,制得了水性聚丙烯酸 酯分散液。将水性聚氨酯分散液 D-001和制得的水性聚丙烯酸酯分散液, 按其固含量 的重量比 75/25, 50/50和 25/75分别混合, 制得了固体聚氨酯 /聚丙烯酸酯重量比为 75/25, 50/50和 25/75三种水性聚氨酯和水性聚丙烯酸酯混合分散液。 制得的水性 杂化高聚物分散液与其相对应的水性高聚物混合分散液的性能比较见表 1。
表 1 水性杂化高聚物分散液和其相对应的水性高聚物共混液的性能比较
Figure imgf000015_0001
实施例 3 制备一种核 /壳结构的水性聚氨酯-聚丙烯酸酯杂化高聚物分散液 首先制备一个预乳化的单体。 将 320克甲基丙烯酸甲酯, 10克 0P-10乳化剂和 0. 1克 2-氢硫基乙醇混合均勾, 配制成预乳化的单体。
配制引发剂水溶液 (1 )。 将 1. 1克过硫酸钠与 3克水混合均匀。
配制引发剂水溶液 (2)。 将 0. 1克叔丁基过氧化氢与 3. 1克水混合均匀。
配制还原剂水溶液 (1 )。 将 0. 8克甲醛次硫酸钠和 31克水混合均匀。
配制还原剂水溶液 (2 )。 将 0. 06克甲醛次硫酸钠和 5克水混合均匀。
在一个装有搅拌器、 热电偶温度计, 氮气入口管和冷凝管的玻璃反应斧内, 加入 155克水, 1. 65克甲酸次硫酸钠和 0. 06克 EDTA-Fe, 室温下搅拌混合均匀, 然后再 加入 825克水性聚氨酯分散液 D-001。在氮气保护下搅拌下升温至 65Ό,停止通氮气。 开始滴加预乳化的单体, 引发剂水溶液 (1 ) 和还原剂水溶液 (1 )。 控制反应温度为 65-67°C , 预乳化单体在 3小时内加完, 引发剂水溶液 (1 ) 和还原剂水溶液 (1 ) 在 3. 5 小时内加完。 然后加入引发剂水溶液 (2 ) 和还原剂水溶液 (2 ), 保持在 65-67 °C温度范围内 0. 5小时, 冷却至室温, 得到一个稳定的水性聚氨酯 -聚丙烯酸酯杂化 高聚物分散液, 其固体含量为 45%, ! 为7. 9, 粘度为 950厘泊, 该杂化高聚物的 Tg 为 65°C ( DSS方法测定), 适合用作涂料。 实施例 4
将一个异氰酸酯接尾的预聚物分散于聚丙烯酸酯乳液中,再扩链从而制备一种水 性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液。
先制备一个异氰酸酯接尾的预聚物。在一个装有搅拌器、热电偶温度计、 冷凝管 和氯化钙干燥管的玻璃反应斧内, 248. 4克聚酯二醇 (由 1, 4-丁二醇和己二酸制备, 分子量 2000), 0. 5克 1, 4-丁二醇和 16. 1克 DMPA与 12. 9克三乙胺, 21. 4克面, 30. 3克 IPDI和 15. 6克 TMXDI , 在 17. 6克丙酮的存在下, 于 70°C反应 3小时, 制备 了一个异氰酸酯接尾的氨基甲酸酯的预聚物。
取实施例 1中的聚合物 1A的聚丙烯酸酯乳液 100克, 加入蒸馏水 50克,搅拌均 匀, 在高速搅拌下, 加入上述制得的预聚物 50克, 待分散均匀后, 加入 0. 9克乙二 胺在 10克水中的溶液。 此分散液在室温下继续搅拌 1小时, 得到一个稳定的水性氨 基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液, 其固含量为 45. 1%, pH为 8. 1 , 粘度为 750厘泊。 此杂化高聚物分散液能在室温成膜, 成的膜透明, 抗张强度 35MPa, 伸长率 540%, 可 作为涂料使用。
按此同样工艺, 改变预聚物和丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液的配比, 制得了氨基甲酸酯聚 合物 /丙烯酸酯聚合物的重量比分别为 5/95, 15/85, 35/65, 50/50, 65/35, 85/15 和 95/5的水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液。 实施例 5
将一个异氰酸酯接尾的预聚物分散于 EVA乳液中 (乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物乳液) 再扩链, 从而制备了一种水性氨基甲酸酯 -EVA杂化高聚物分散液。
先制备一个异氰酸酯接尾的预聚物。 在实施例 4中同样的反应斧内, 248. 4克聚 酯二醇 (由 1, 4-丁二醇和己二酸制备, 分子量 2000), 16. 1克 DMPA, 2. 7克 1, 4 -丁 二醇和 10. 9克三乙胺, 28. 2克 HDI , 18. 7克 IPDI和 43. 9克 TMXDI , 在 18. 9克丙酮 存在下, 于 70Ό反应 3小时, 制备了一个异氰酸酯接尾的氨基甲酸酯的预聚物。
取 Airflex 7200 ( EVA乳液, 固含量 72%, Air Products公司产品) 100克, 加 入蒸馏水 50克, 室温搅拌混合均匀, 用氨水将其 pH调到 8-9。 在高速搅拌下, 缓缓 加入上述制备的预聚物 50克,待分散均匀后,加入 1. 1克乙二胺在 10克水中的溶液。 在室温下继续搅拌 1小时, 得到一个稳定的水性氨基甲酸酯 -EVA杂化高聚物分散液, 其固含量为 55%, 11为8. 5, 粘度为 1150厘泊。 此杂化高聚物分散液对塑料、 橡胶、 聚氯乙烯、 金属、 木材和织物等有好的粘接性能, 可作为胶粘剂用。
按此同样工艺, 改变预聚物和 Airflex 7200的配比, 制得了聚氨酯 /EVA的重量 比分别为 5/95, 15/85, 35/65, 50/50, 65/35, 85/15和 95/5的水性氨基甲酸酯- EVA 杂化高聚物分散液。 实施例 6
将一个异氰酸酯接尾的预聚物分散于聚丙烯酸酯的乳液中,再扩链从而制备了一 种水性氨基甲酸酯-丙烯酸酯杂化高聚物分散液。
先制备一个异氰酸酯接尾的预聚物。在实施例 4中同样的反应斧内, 280克聚(酯 -醚) 二醇 (由二甘醇和己二酸制备, 分子量 2000), 15. 4克DMPA, 11. 3克三乙胺, 29. 4克1¾1, 11. 1克 IPDI和 36. 6克 TMXDI , 于 70°C反应 3小时, 制备了一个不含 有机溶剂的预聚物。
取实施例 1中的聚合物 1A (聚丙烯酸酯乳液) 100克, 加入蒸馏水 50克, 搅拌 混合均匀。 在高速搅拌下, 加入上述制备的预聚物 45克, 待分散均匀后, 加入 0. 35 克乙醇胺和 0. 55克乙二胺在 10克水中的溶液。室温下继续搅拌 1小时, 制得一种稳 定的水性氨基甲酸酯 -丙烯酸酯杂化高聚物分散液, 其固含量为 45%, pH为 8. 1, 粘 度为 650厘泊。 室温成膜, 薄膜透明性好。 因此杂化高聚物分散液, 用滚筒涂在表面 处理的聚丙烯, 聚乙烯, 聚酯和铝箔等薄膜上, 干燥, 热复合, 有很好的粘结性质。 此复合膜可作食品软包装用。 实施例 7-8
用丙烯酸酯单体作为溶剂制备异氰酸酯接尾的预聚物, 分散于水中, 扩链, 与此 同时进行自由基聚合, 制得水性氨基甲酸酯-丙烯酸酯杂化高聚物分散液。
实施例 7
在实施例 4中同样的反应斧内, 248. 4克聚酯二醇(由 1, 4-丁二醇和己二酸制备, 分子量 2000 ), 16. 1克 DMPA, 2. 7克 1, 4-丁二醇和 10. 9克三乙胺, 28. 2克腿, 18. 7 克 IPDI和 43. 9克 TMXDI ,在 27克甲基丙浠酸甲酯和 27克丙烯酸丁酯存在下, 于 70 °C反应制得一个预聚物和丙烯酸酯单体的混合物。将此混合物在高速搅拌下, 分散于 600克水中, 待分散均匀后, 加入 9克己二胺在 20克水中的溶液扩链生成水性聚氨 酯和丙烯酸酯单体混合物分散液, 加入 0. 2克过硫酸钹, 搅拌下缓慢升温至 80°C反 应 2小时。 再升温至 95°C搅拌 0. 5小时, 冷却至室温, 制得一个稳定的水性氨基甲 酸酯-丙烯酸酯杂化高聚物分散液, 其固含量为 45%, pH为 8. 1, 粘度为 450厘泊。 此水性杂化高聚物分散液比对应的水性聚氨酯分散液有更好的粘结性质。 实施例 8
先制备一个水性聚氨酯和丙烯酸酯单体的混合物的分散液。在实施例 4中同样的 反应斧中, 280 克聚 (酯-醚) 二醇 (由二甘醇和己二酸制备, 分子量 2000), 15. 4 克 DMPA 11. 3克三乙胺, 29. 4克丽, 11. 1克 IPDI和 36. 6克 TMXDI, 在 190克甲 基丙烯酸甲酯和 190克丙烯酸丁酯存在下, 于 70Ό反应 3小时, 制得了一个预聚物 和丙烯酸酯单体的混合物。在高速搅拌下分散于 800克水中, 然后慢慢加入 3克乙醇 胺和 4. 8克乙二胺在 30克水中的溶液, 得到一个水性聚氨酯和丙烯酸酯单体混合物 的分散液。 加入 MS- 1 (乳化剂) 10克, 和过硫酸铵 1克, 搅拌下缓慢升温至 80Ό反 应 3小时, 与此同时, 在 3小时内滴加完 1克过硫酸铵在 100克水中的溶液, 然后再 滴加 0. 2克过硫酸铵在 50克水中的溶液, 将反应温度升至 95°C保温半小时。 冷却至 室温, 制得一个稳定的水性氨基甲酸酯-丙烯酸酯杂化高聚物分散液, 其固含量为 45%, pH为 8. 1, 粘度为 850厘泊。 室温成膜, 其薄膜透明性好。 因适合作为食品软 包装复合膜的胶粘剂和玻璃纤维涂料。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液, 由以下成分通过化学键和 /或 物理键组成:
(1). 一种水性聚氨酯分散液, 其中的聚氨酯由以下成分反应的产物组成:
1) 一种由含羧酸盐基团的异氰酸酯接尾的聚氨酯预聚物, 由以下成分反应生成: [1] 一个由 1,6-己基二异氰酸酯、 四甲基苯二甲基异氰酸和第三种多聚异氰酸酯 组成的多聚异氰酸酯组分, 该第三种多聚异氰酸酯是异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯, 二环己基 甲垸二异氰酸酯, 亚甲基二苯甲垸二异氰酸酯或甲苯二异氰酸酯, 其中 1,6-己基二 异氰酸酯、 四甲基苯二甲基异氰酸和第三种多聚异氰酸酯的重量百分比分别为 1-98:1-98:1-98, 和
[2] 一个长链的, 每个分子含有二个或二个以上的活泼氢的分子量为 400到 10000 的包括聚酯多元醇、 聚醚多元醇、 磺酸型的聚多元醇、 聚 (酯 -醚) 多元醇, 以及它 们的混合物在内的有机多羟基化合物, 和
[3] 一个有机的羟基酸化合物, 其分子式为 (H0)xR(C00H)y, 其中 R代表含 1-12碳 原子的直链或带支链的羟基, X和 y代表 1-3的整数, 和
[4]选择性地, 一种分子量从 60到 400的小分子脂肪族多元醇,
上述 [1]的异氰酸酯的 NC0当量与 [2]的有机多羟基化合物, [3]的羟基羧酸化合物, 以及 [4]的脂肪族多元醇的总 0H当量比为 1-4:1.0, 它们反应后生成的预聚物中异氰 酸基团的重量百分含量为 1-10%, 上述 [2]的有机多羟基化合物、 [3]的羟基羧酸化合 物和 [4]小分子脂肪族多元醇的重量比为 50-98:1-20:0-20, 和
2)—个包括水、 氨、 肼或取代肼、 脂肪族的、 脂环的、 芳香族的或杂环的伯胺、 仲 胺、多元胺和醇胺类化合物在内的含活泼氢的扩链剂, 扩链剂中除了水外的异氰酸酯 活泼基团与预聚物中的异氰酸基的当量比例为从 0.6: 1.0-1.1: 1.0;
(2). 一种水性不饱和烯类单体高聚物分散液或乳液, 由以下成分的自由基聚合组 成:
1) 至少一种不饱和烯类单体, 如丙烯酸酯类单体、 醋酸乙烯酯类单体、 乙烯类单 体;
2) 至少一种乳化剂, 或表面活性剂, 或带活泼氢原子的自由基活性保护胶体, 其 用量为单体总重量的 0.1— 5%;
3) 选择性地,一种含阴离子,和 /或离子基团的晞类单体,如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、 丁烯二酸, 以及它们相对应的离子基团单体, 其用量为单体总重量的 0— 10%;
4) 选择性地, 一种含活泼氢的不饱和烯类单体, 如羟乙基丙烯酸酯、 烯丙醇、 烯 丙胺、 N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺, 其用量为单体总重量的 0—5%;
5) 至少一种自由基引发剂, 其用量为单体总重量的 0.01— 1.5%;
其中(1)和(2)的重量百分比分别为 5-95:5-95。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液, 其特征是所述 的长链有机多羟基化合物的分子量为 400到 3000, 包括由乙二醇、 丁二醇、 己二醇、 新戊二醇、二甘醇及它们的混合物分别与己二酸组成的聚酯二醇, 或由环氧乙垸和环 氧丙垸及其混合物组成的聚醚二醇。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液, 其特征是所述 的有机羟基羧酸化合物是二羟甲基丙酸、 2,3-二羟基丁二酸、二甲羟基丁酸、羟基醋 酸、 2-羟基丙酸、 羟基丁二酸、 二羟基丁二酸或二羟基苯甲酸。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液, 其特征是所述 的分子量从 60到 400的脂肪族多元醇是丙二醇、 丁二醇、 己二醇或三羟甲基丙烷。
5.—种如权利要求 1所述的水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液的制备方法, 其特征是包括下列步骤:
(1) . 制备一种水性聚氨酯分散液, 包括以下步骤:
1) 1, 6-己基二异氰酸酯, 四甲基苯二甲基二异氰酸酯和其它二异氰酸酯重量比为 1-98 : 1-98 : 1-98 的三个二异氰酸酯的混合物, 在不多于最后生成的水性聚氨酯分散 液总重量 2%的水溶性挥发性有机溶剂存在下和反应温度为 25°C到 120°C, 与聚多元 醇和有机羟基羧酸在 NC0和 0H的当量比为 1. 1-4. 0 : 1. 0时, 反应 1-20分钟, 生成带 羧酸侧基的异氰酸酯基接尾的预聚物,所述的其它的二异氰酸酯是异佛尔酮二异氰酸 酯、 二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、 亚甲基二苯二异氰酸酯或甲苯二异氰酸酯;
2) 生成的预聚物或经中和反应后的预聚物分散于水中;
3) 分散于水中的末端为异氰酸酯基的预聚物与至少一种胺的扩链剂反应生成聚氨 酯高聚物, 其中水为生成的水性聚氨酯水分散液总重量的 40-80%;
4) 在 20-8CTC用中和剂中和羟基羧酸化合物或预聚物的羧酸基团, 这一中和反应 在预聚物生成前、 预聚的反应同时、 完成预聚反应后、 预聚物分散于水中前进行, 或 将中和剂加入水中与扩链反应同时进行,所述的中和剂是碱金属盐,氨,氨水,伯胺, 仲胺, 或叔胺。
(2)制备一种预乳化单体, 包括一种或多种不饱和烯类单体, 水和乳化剂, 所述的 不饱和烯类单体是丙烯酸酯类, 醋酸乙烯酯类, 乙烯类, 其中乳化剂的用量为单体总 重量的 0. 1 - 5 %;
(3)制备一种自由基引发剂的水溶液, 所述的引发剂是过硫酸盐和过氧化物和氧化 还原引发体系, 其中引发剂的用量为单体总重量的 0. 05— 1. 5 % , 其重量百分比浓度 为 0. 5— 5 %的水溶液;
用(1)制备的水性聚氨酯分散液作种子, 滴加 [2]的预乳化单体 [3]的引发剂水溶液, 在 5- 95Ό进行 1-15小时的种子乳液聚合。
6.一种如权利要求 5所述的水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液的制备方法, 其特征是包括下列步骤:
(1) . 制备一种在水中可分散的氨基甲酸酯预聚物, 包括 1, 6-己基二异氰酸酯, 四 甲基苯二甲基二异氰酸酯和其它二异氰酸酯重量比为 1-98 : 1-98 : 1-98的三个二异氰 酸酯的混合物, 在不多于最后生成的水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液总重量 2%的丙酮或 N-甲基 -2-吡啶垸酮存在下和反应温度为 25°C到 120°C, 与聚多元醇和有 机羧酸在 NC0和 0H的当量比为 1. 1-4. 0 : 1. 0时, 反应 1-20分钟, 生成带羧酸侧基的 异氰酸酯基接尾的预聚物, 并用三乙胺或二甲基乙醇胺中和成水中可分散性预聚物, 所述的其它的二异氰酸酯是异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲垸二异氰酸酯、亚甲基 二苯二异氰酸酯或甲苯二异氰酸酯;
(2) . 用下列原料在 5-95°C, 1-15小时的自由基乳化聚合制备一种水性聚烯烃的分 散液或乳液;
1) 至少二种不饱和的烯类单体, 包括丙烯酸酯类单体、 醋酸乙烯酯类单体、 乙烯 类单体、 苯乙烯、 丙烯腈;
2) 至少一种乳化剂或表面活性剂, 或带活泼氢原子的保护胶体;
3) 选择性地, 一种含阴离子, 和 /或离子基团的烯类单体, 包括丙烯酸、 甲基丙烯 酸、 丁烯二酸以及它们相对应的离子单体;
4)选择性地, 一种含活泼氢的不饱和烯类单体, 包括羟乙基丙烯酸酯、烯丙醇、 烯 丙胺、 N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺; 5)至少一种自由基引发剂, 包括过硫酸盐, 过氧化物和氧化还原引发体系; (3) . 将(1)制备的温度为 70°C的预聚物分散于 (2)制备的水性聚烯烃的分散液或乳 液中, 加入胺类或肼类扩链剂扩链。
7.—种如权利要求 5所述的水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液的制备方法, 其特征是包括下列步骤:
(1) . 制备一种用惰性的不饱和的烯类单体作为溶剂或稀释剂的水分散性的氨基甲 酸酯预聚物, 包括由 1 ,6-己基二异氰酸酯, 四甲基苯二甲基二异氰酸酯和其它二异氰 酸酯重量比为 1-98: 1-98: 1-98的三个二异氰酸酯的混合物, 在不少量于生成的预聚物 总重量 2%的不含活泼氢的不饱和烯类单体的存在下,与聚多元醇和有机羧酸在 NCO 和 OH的当量比为 1.1-4.0: 1.0和反应温度为 25 °C到 120°C反应 1-20小时, 并用三乙 胺或二甲基乙醇胺中和, 所述的其它的二异氰酸酯是异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二环己基 甲烷二异氰酸酯、亚甲基二苯二异氰酸酯或甲苯二异氰酸酯; 所述的烯类单体包括丙 烯酸酯类, 醋酸乙烯酯类, 乙烯类, 苯乙烯, 丙烯腈;
(2) . 将(1)的混合物分散于水中;
(3) . 加入胺或肼类扩链剂和自由基引发剂, 所述的引发剂包括过硫酸盐, 过氧 化物和氧化还原引发体系;
(4) . 选择性地, 加入更多量的不饱和烯类单体、 乳化剂, 和 /或表面活性剂;
(5) . 在 40-90°C, 1-10小时内完成烯类单体的自由基聚合。
8. 一种如权利要求 5所述的水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液的制备方 法, 其特征是所述的用(1)制备的水性聚氨酯分散液作种子, 滴加 (2)的预乳化单体 和 (3)的引发剂水溶液, 在 25-80Ό进行种子乳液聚合, 聚合时间为 2- 5小时。
9. 一种如权利要求 5所述的水性氨基甲酸酯-烯烃杂化高聚物分散液的制备方 法, 其特征是所述的不饱和烯类单体是丙烯酸酯类单体、 醋酸乙烯酯类单体、 乙烯 类单体、 苯乙烯或丙烯晴。
10.一种如权利要求 5所述的水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液的制备方 法, 其特征是所述的含活泼氢的不饱和烯类单体是羟乙基丙烯酸酯, 烯丙醇, 烯丙 胺或 N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺。
11.一种如权利要求 1所述的水性氨基甲酸酯 -烯烃杂化高聚物分散液的用途, 其特征是用于涂料和胶粘剂。
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