WO2002072800A1 - Dermis artificial y metodo de obtencion - Google Patents
Dermis artificial y metodo de obtencion Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002072800A1 WO2002072800A1 PCT/ES2002/000087 ES0200087W WO02072800A1 WO 2002072800 A1 WO2002072800 A1 WO 2002072800A1 ES 0200087 W ES0200087 W ES 0200087W WO 02072800 A1 WO02072800 A1 WO 02072800A1
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- plasma
- artificial
- cells
- artificial dermis
- dermis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0697—Artificial constructs associating cells of different lineages, e.g. tissue equivalents
- C12N5/0698—Skin equivalents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/10—Hair or skin implants
- A61F2/105—Skin implants, e.g. artificial skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
- A61K35/33—Fibroblasts
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
- A61K35/36—Skin; Hair; Nails; Sebaceous glands; Cerumen; Epidermis; Epithelial cells; Keratinocytes; Langerhans cells; Ectodermal cells
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L27/60—Materials for use in artificial skin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an artificial dermis performed by plasma gelation in the presence of platelets, by the addition of calcium and in which fibroblasts or other dermal cells are seeded.
- keratinocytes can be sown, which makes it especially useful as artificial skin for the treatment of large burns, chronic ulcers, susceptibility tests to various products etc.
- genetically modified cells it can be used as a basis for gene therapy.
- the skin is a tissue composed of two parts, the epithelium or external part and the dermis or internal part on which the epithelium is located. These two parts are clearly differentiated by their characteristics, in the epidermis there is almost no extracellular tissue, while the dermis clearly predominates this component against the cells.
- the skin is a tissue that can be reconstructed by tissue engineering techniques (Parenteau N, Sci Am, 280: 83-84, 1999). In these techniques, in general, the cellular component is generated "ex vivo" by cell culture techniques. These techniques allow, from a short number of cells extracted from a small skin biopsy, to achieve a large number of cells in a short period of time.
- tissue engineering of the skin is the design of dermal matrices that mimic as much as possible the natural conditions of the organism and where the cells introduced into it are capable of initiating a complex process, whose purpose is to develop a structure as similar as possible to natural skin.
- the other important key in the tissue engineering of the skin is the ability of the dermal matrix to facilitate the growth of the cells seeded in it.
- Fibrin does not interfere with the subsequent development of a correct dermo / epidermal junction between the wound bed and cultured keratinocytes. These characteristics make fibrin widely used as a transport system for keratinocytes (Pellegrini et al, Transplantation 68: 868-879, 1999; Kaiser and Stark, Burns 20. 23-29, 1994). Fibrin and / or gels made after coagulation of plasma proteins Human have been used as a vehicle to transplant previously expanded skin cells "in vitro". (Sadaki I, JP10277143).
- Fibrin can also be used as a dermal base for the production of large areas of cultured skin (Meana et al, Burns 24: 621-630, 1998). Inside the fibrin gels seeded fibroblasts are capable of growing. At the same time, these fibroblasts behave as authentic inducers of keratinocyte growth, so that by sowing a very limited number of keratinocytes cultured on a fibrin gel and fibroblasts, a stratified confluent epithelium is formed in 8-12 days of culture that mimics the normal human epithelium This ability of fibrin gels to develop epithelial cells has been used in another model of artificial skin (Meana et al, P9701533).
- fibrin can be used in the presence of other components that increase its stiffness and facilitate its use as a dermal support (Meana A, P9601684.).
- This ability of fibrin and fibroblast gels to achieve large areas of artificial skin from a minimal skin biopsy is not presented by models based on artificial dermis of different composition. The explanation for this fact is that fibrin-based gels further mimic the physiological mechanism of wound repair (Martin P, Science 276: 75-81, 1997).
- the manufacture of the dermal matrix based on fibrin concentrates is only an imitation of the physiological process. The true fibrin clot that forms as part of the tissue defense and repair mechanism is performed at the expense of blood plasma.
- fibrinogen is the soluble precursor of fibrin, the main protein, although not unique to the clot.
- Plasma extravasation after tissue aggression is one of the ways to trigger the entire coagulation cascade.
- the so-called extrinsic coagulation pathway When the aggression occurs and the tissue products come into contact with the blood, the so-called extrinsic coagulation pathway is activated, the end result is the activation of the inactive precursor of the thrombin present in the plasma, this thrombin initiates the conversion of fibrinogen in fibrin and later in insoluble fibrin that together with blood cells are part of the fibrin clot, the first link for the healing and subsequent repair of the lesion produced in the organism (Singer and Clark, N Engl J Med, 341: 738- 746, 1999).
- platelets should be highlighted, these cells are an important reservoir of cytokines, substances responsible for the beginning of the cellular response in the final wound repair process.
- Platelets also involved in the development of the fibrin clot inside the vessels, it is the so-called intrinsic coagulation pathway, in which a stimulus causes the development of platelet aggregate that will activate a series of plasma proteins that in turn stimulate others by a mechanism to extend the cascade response. In the end we will have thrombin formation that will start clot formation. In both processes, intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathway, the presence of calcium free ions is essential to complete its development since some proteins of these pathways depend on this ion to be activated. After the formation of the fibrin clot from the blood plasma, the cytokines, initially released by platelets, will attract other cells, macrophage type, neutrophils ...
- the epithelial cells are capable of manufacturing multiple substances that cause varied cellular responses in the underlying dermal cells, also the epithelial cells have a marked lytic action on the fibrin clot, since they need to penetrate it and eliminate it in order to reupholster the entire surface of the wound (Singer and Clark, N Eng J Med 341: 738-746, 1999). Once the lesion is covered by the epithelium, the healing process is finished. We can consider that the physiological repair of a wound is based on a fibrin clot rich in plasma cytokines, made from the fibrinogen dissolved in the plasma.
- This clot will trigger the body's primary repair response and facilitate the terrain for nearby epithelial cells to activate, migrate from the points closest to the wound and permanently close the wound produced.
- This reparative process has limits, and in those cases where the lesion completely and extensively destroys all the epithelial cells present (broad and deep burns), an artificial supply of epithelium is necessary, either through mesh grafts, cultured keratinocytes, keratinocytes in suspension or cultured artificial skin, so that the process ends (Navsaria et al, TIBTECH 13: 91-100, 1995).
- the present invention describes the development of an artificial dermis based on the use of human plasma as a fundamental basis of the extracellular matrix.
- This human plasma is obtained by primary fractionation of whole blood and includes platelets in its composition.
- the previously cultured dermal fibroblasts are resuspended in the plasma and after coagulation thereof an artificial dermis is obtained.
- On this artificial dermis subsequently expanded keratinocytes will be seeded "ex vivo".
- keratinocytes have a behavior "in vitro" similar to that presented "in vivo" in the process of wound repair.
- the artificial dermis object of the invention comprises a gel produced by the coagulation of human plasma in the presence of platelets, to which previously cultured human fibroblasts have been added. Coagulation occurs by the addition of calcium salts. Alternatively it can be produced by the transformation of the fibrinogen contained in the plasma by exogenous thrombin and Ca ++ ions.
- this coagulation can be performed in the presence or not of agents that act as antifibrinolytics, with the addition of them being recommended when the fibrinogen is less than 2 mg / ml of gel.
- the plasma is obtained by light centrifugation of the whole blood extracted by venipuncture in the presence of anticoagulants, preferably agents that chelate the calcium ion. Plasma can also be extracted by plasmapheresis.
- keratinocytes can be subsequently seeded, these cells seeded at low density on their surface and cultured for 8-12 days, in the presence of any of the different media used in keratinocyte culture; They grow and are capable of forming a stratified epithelium.
- This skin composed of plasma gel / fibroblasts and autologous cultured epithelium could be used in the definitive epithelization of large burns. Also if used with donor epithelium, it could be used as temporary burn coverage or as a therapy for chronic skin ulcers.
- This culture system can also be applied to other human epithelia other than the skin allowing other epithelial tissues such as oral mucosa, bladder mucosa to be generated ...
- This prototype can be transplanted to the bed of a wound, catch on it and definitely epithelize the lesion .
- this type of gels may need to be fixed previously to a solid support that allows its handling for transplantation.
- This support can be gauze, petroleum jelly or not.
- the fixation of the gauze to the gel can be done by using an inert inorganic glue for clinical use or another type of mechanical fixation.
- a silicone membrane can also be used as a support, in which case this fixation can be carried out by means of an organic fibrin glue.
- this type of gels can be used without a keratinocyte layer as a temporary cover for skin lesions, providing a dermal basis for the lesion.
- the advantages of human plasma gels and fibroblasts are as follows: • Easy obtaining of the raw material. Plasma is obtained from human whole blood extracted by venipuncture, usually in the presence of a calcium chelator. To obtain plasma from whole blood, only centrifugation is required. Human plasma could also be obtained from whole blood by the apheresis procedure.
- the culture of keratinocytes on this type of gels allows to reach in 3-4 weeks from the biopsy taking a total area of cultured skin superior to that achieved by the methods described so far. «The gel has no shrinkage that reduces its surface and its total volume in the first 30 days of cultivation.
- the cellular growth of both the fibroblasts inside the fibrin and the keratinocytes seeded on its surface is so important that from a minimal biopsy it is possible to obtain enough cells, both for the dermal component and for the epidermal. That is to say that the cellular component of our artificial skin comes exclusively from the patient to whom it will subsequently be transplanted.
- the use of plasma allows to produce stable gels at a very low concentration of fibrinogen.
- the concentration of fibrinogen necessary for the gel to maintain its integrity throughout the entire culture phase can be less than 0.5 mg per ml. Even at these concentrations the gels made from plasma are stable and are not rapidly digested by the fibroblasts and keratinocytes seeded therein.
- the fibrinogen concentration can be reduced even further, so that from 2-3 ml of plasma we can get up to 70-90 cm 2 dermal surface.
- the total plasma concentration could be further reduced by associating with the plasma gel some structure that serves as a framework (vicril, polylactic acid). polyglycolic ). Another advantage of these gels (when working with minimal amounts of plasma per cm 2 of gel) is that it is possible that the plasma used in the artificial dermis comes from the same patient.
- these gels can support cells (fibroblasts or other cell lines, including genetically modified cells) with the capacity to produce useful proteins (endothelial growth factors, etc.) in various pathologies.
- Figure 1 shows a diagram of the operations necessary for the transplantation of skin to a large burn using the artificial dermis object of the invention. Detailed description of the invention
- Platelet plasma (2) is obtained from whole blood (4), it is extracted by venipuncture in the presence of a clinical anticoagulant, especially an anticoagulant that acts by chelation of the concentration of ionized Ca ++ that is in the whole blood.
- Total blood (4) can be obtained in a bag commonly used in Hemotherapy or in the case of small volumes, from blood collected in small Vacutainer ® containers.
- the plasma with platelets (2) will be obtained by centrifugation, at low speed to obtain a platelet-rich plasma or directly at high speed to obtain a product with a lower component of these cells. Once the blood has been centrifuged, the corresponding plasma fraction will be collected and used directly for gel formation or frozen at -20 ° C for later use.
- the plasma can be treated with methylene blue to inactivate possible viruses if the plasma is not to be used autologously (that is, obtained from the patient himself).
- the gel is made from the fibrinogen present in the plasma either by adding human or bovine thrombin and calcium ions, or exclusively using the prothrombin that is present in the plasma itself, by adding Calcium, preferably in the form of chloride calcium to reconstitute the values of ionic calcium that are spontaneously in the plasma and that had been canceled by means of sodium citrate or EDTA used as anticoagulants.
- Fibrin is the main structural component of the gel but not the only one since in this model fibrin is covalently bound to plasma fibronectin.
- Human fibroblasts can be used from several sources:
- the fibroblasts are resuspended in culture medium or in 0.9% sodium chloride solution.
- the plasma volume is added the plasma volume and subsequently the antifibrinolytic agent.
- this solution gels in 2 different ways: 1) Adding a solution of 1% calcium chloride dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride. 2) Adding to the mixture a thrombin solution (between 2 and 4 units) dissolved in 40 mM calcium chloride.
- a thrombin solution between 2 and 4 units
- the mixture is introduced into a cell culture flask and left for 30-120 minutes at 37 ° C until complete gel formation. After this time, the gel has solidified and can be covered with complete culture medium.
- the gels produced are stored at 37 ° C in a 5% CO 2 oven until they are used for keratinocyte culture for a maximum of 14 days. Under the usual culture conditions these gels remain stable and adhered to the base of the culture flask without retraction or loss of volume.
- the keratinocytes (6) obtained from a primary culture will be added. These cells can be cultured in very different ways, in the presence of feeder cells, using low calcium media or by using fully defined media (Myers et al, Am J Surg 170: 75-83, 1995). Keratinocytes (6) produced with any of these systems can be used on this artificial dermis (1).
- the gels are ready for clinical use and are assembled and prepared for transplantation.
- This step can be carried out by means of fixing to a support that allows the transport of the gel without loss or breakage to the place of the transplant, or in the case of gels of great thickness directly avoiding this fixation.
- a support that allows the transport of the gel without loss or breakage to the place of the transplant, or in the case of gels of great thickness directly avoiding this fixation.
- gels of reduced volume will be used that will require a solid support (9) to be transplanted. Crops intended for other uses (chronic ulcers) may be managed and transplanted without this fixation. Fixing to this solid support is done using an inorganic glue for clinical use by applying minimal stitches.
- an extraction will be performed using a 450 ml capacity blood collection bag, containing an anticoagulant / preservative solution (SAG-Mannitol), normally from the so-called triple bags.
- SAG-Mannitol anticoagulant / preservative solution
- the whole blood is centrifuged. If we want our platelet-rich plasma (PRP) a gentle centrifugation will be performed (orientative at 1500 g for 5 minutes at 20 ° C). If lower platelet richness (PPP) is desired, centrifugation will be energetic (guidance 2900-3000 g for 10 minutes). After centrifugation, the resulting plasma is separated by normal fractionation of the blood bag. The plasma thus obtained can be used directly, proceed to viral inactivation by treatment with methylene blue.
- PRP platelet-rich plasma
- PPP platelet richness
- This plasma can be stored for at least one year at -20 ° C. If what we need are small volumes of plasma to make small areas of the dermis, the extraction of whole blood will be carried out in sterile vacuum tubes (type Vacutainer R ) or other models of similar characteristics, using as a anticoagulant solution a calcium chelator in conditions saturation (sodium citrate, EDTA) in the proportions recommended by the manufacturer. Some other type of anticoagulant (sodium heparin) can also be used. As required by PPR or PPP, centrifuges at 160 g (PRP) or 400 g (PPP) will be performed for 10 minutes. The plasma fraction with platelets (2) is removed from the tube, trying not to remove the red blood cells.
- the pellet containing the rest of the cell fraction is then centrifuged at 3,000 g for 10 minutes. After this operation, the plasma is removed and mixed with the supernatant obtained in the previous centrifugation.
- this culture system is going to be used in the production of dermis intended to be transplanted to the patient where the blood comes from (autologous plasma)
- treatment with methylene blue can be dispensed with.
- Whichever method is chosen for obtaining whole blood and plasma separation, fibrinogen dissolved in it will be measured by a commercial method derived from the method initially described by Kraus (Multifibren R U, Dade Behring).
- Various lines of human fibroblasts (3) will be obtained from human foreskins obtained after programmed phimosis surgery or from a skin biopsy (5).
- the piece is collected in transport medium (DMEM, 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 u / ml penicillin, 100 ⁇ g / ml streptomycin).
- transport medium DMEM, 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 u / ml penicillin, 100 ⁇ g / ml streptomycin.
- DMEM complete culture medium
- fetal bovine serum fetal bovine serum
- the cells obtained are placed in a culture flask at a density of 100,000 cells per cm 2 of culture surface.
- the medium is changed every 72 hours until the cells are confluent.
- the cells are trypsinized and secondary cultures are carried out in growth rate of two culture bottles by a culture bottle of the previous pass.
- After the cells show a monolayer of fibroblast-like cells (3) a part of them is frozen, according to usual technique and stored in cryovials in liquid nitrogen.
- the ideal passes for the use of these fibroblasts are between the 4th and 12th.
- human fibroblasts (3) of the patient (8) When they are going to be used in the artificial dermis (1) human fibroblasts (3) of the patient (8), the same procedure will be described.
- the skin biopsy (5) of the patient (8) will be processed as described in the previous section. Once the cells are obtained, part of them will be cultured in DMEM 10% fetal bovine serum at a density of 100,000 cells per cm 2 . The corresponding subcultures will be carried out until we obtain a sufficient number of human fibroblasts (3) for the manufacture of the artificial dermis (1) required by the patient (8).
- Cultured human fibroblasts (3) are trypsinized, counted and resuspended in culture medium until their immediate use in the artificial dermis (1). Once the basic materials are obtained, the gel is processed.
- a solution containing basically culture medium, 0.9% sodium chloride solution and human fibroblasts (3) (between 30,000 and 250,000 cells) is prepared, to this solution is added, if the antifibrinolytic is required, (10,000 U of aprotinin, between 5 and 20 mg of tranexamic acid or 200-800 mg of epsilon-aminocaproic acid) and finally 1 ml of 0.04 M CI 2 Ca solution in which between 2 and 4 Ul of thrombin has previously been dissolved.
- the antifibrinolytic 10,000 U of aprotinin, between 5 and 20 mg of tranexamic acid or 200-800 mg of epsilon-aminocaproic acid
- 1 ml of 0.04 M CI 2 Ca solution in which between 2 and 4 Ul of thrombin has previously been dissolved.
- the gel can be made as follows: A solution is prepared containing basically culture medium, 0.9% sodium chloride solution and human fibroblasts (3) (between 30,000 and 250,000 cells), To this solution is added, if necessary, the antifibrinolytic (10,000 U of aprotinin, between 5 and 20 mg of tranexamic acid or 200-800 mg of epsilon-aminocaproic acid) and finally 1 ml of 1% CI 2 Ca solution dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride. Once these components are mixed, plasma with human platelets (2) is added. The final volume is adjusted to 15 ml by using more or less sodium chloride, depending on the volume of plasma used. The solution is quickly placed in the culture bottle and distributed evenly across its surface. The bottle is left in a CO 2 oven at 37 ° until the clot is produced and the gel polymerizes. If this is done in this way the polymerization of the gel occurs very slowly.
- the antifibrinolytic 10,000 U of aprotinin, between 5 and 20 mg
- the approximate final concentration of fibrinogen in the gel is between 0.4 and 2 mg of fibrinogen / ml of gel. Although in some conditions the plasma can be used without prior dilution with sodium chloride solution so that the concentration of fibrinogen could reach up to 4 mg / ml of gel.
- the initial concentration of human fibroblasts (3) in the gel can be very variable. In general, a concentration of not less than 500 fibroblasts / cm 2 of gel surface is recommended, although it may also be much higher, although an initial number of fibroblasts greater than 4,000 / cm 2 is not recommended , since with higher concentrations the gels They tend to be digested from the 6th-7th day of cultivation, and cannot be processed for transplantation.
- Keratinocytes are seeded on this gel at an extremely variable density (between 1,500 and 15,000 cells / cm 2 of the dermis) depending on the degree of expansion required.
- keratinocytes (6) those obtained from a primary culture from skin biopsy (5) can be used.
- the keratinocyte culture (6) on this gel can be carried out by using any of the keratinocyte culture media and systems that have been previously described, although the best results have been achieved with the media supplemented with fetal bovine serum.
- the seeded keratinocytes are confluent or preconfluent, usually from the 8th day of culture, the sheet is prepared for transplantation.
- the gauze will be fixed to the upper surface of the gel (the face where the keratinocytes are) by using an inorganic glue (Cyanoacrylato, Histoacryl R , Braum or other similar characteristics).
- the cyanoacrylate will be used by applying small drops of it to the edges of the gel, you can also leave various glue points in the center of it.
- the gel will be detached from the culture bottle.
- the gauze helps keep the gel containing the dermal base and the top layer of cultured keratinocytes intact. Through this simple preparation, this prototype can be transported without loss of integrity or breakage for more than 16 hours.
- Table I compares the prior art and the artificial dermis object of the invention in terms of its basic characteristics. TABLE I
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Priority Applications (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CA2439387A CA2439387C (en) | 2001-03-01 | 2002-02-28 | Artificial dermis and production method therefor |
AU2002235958A AU2002235958B2 (en) | 2001-03-01 | 2002-02-28 | Artificial dermis and production method therefor |
US10/469,554 US7244552B2 (en) | 2001-03-01 | 2002-02-28 | Artificial dermis and production method therefor |
AT02702424T ATE448295T1 (de) | 2001-03-01 | 2002-02-28 | Künstliche dermis und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
EP02702424A EP1375647B1 (en) | 2001-03-01 | 2002-02-28 | Artificial dermis and production method therefor |
DE60234323T DE60234323D1 (de) | 2001-03-01 | 2002-02-28 | Künstliche dermis und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
DK02702424.9T DK1375647T3 (da) | 2001-03-01 | 2002-02-28 | Kunstig dermis og fremstillingsfremgangsmåde dertil |
JP2002571856A JP4235452B2 (ja) | 2001-03-01 | 2002-02-28 | 人工真皮及びその製造方法 |
US11/809,665 US20070275461A1 (en) | 2001-03-01 | 2007-05-31 | Artificial dermis and method of preparation |
US13/367,548 US9168125B2 (en) | 2001-03-01 | 2012-02-07 | Artificial dermis and method of preparation |
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ESP200100494 | 2001-03-01 | ||
ES200100494A ES2173812B1 (es) | 2001-03-01 | 2001-03-01 | Dermis artificial y metodo de obtencion. |
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US10469554 A-371-Of-International | 2002-02-28 | ||
US11/809,665 Continuation US20070275461A1 (en) | 2001-03-01 | 2007-05-31 | Artificial dermis and method of preparation |
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US (3) | US7244552B2 (es) |
EP (2) | EP2165678A1 (es) |
JP (3) | JP4235452B2 (es) |
AR (1) | AR032916A1 (es) |
AT (1) | ATE448295T1 (es) |
AU (1) | AU2002235958B2 (es) |
CA (1) | CA2439387C (es) |
DE (1) | DE60234323D1 (es) |
DK (1) | DK1375647T3 (es) |
EG (1) | EG23321A (es) |
ES (2) | ES2173812B1 (es) |
PT (1) | PT1375647E (es) |
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WO (1) | WO2002072800A1 (es) |
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WO2006123004A1 (es) | 2005-05-16 | 2006-11-23 | Fundación Para La Investigación Biomédica Del Hospital Gregorio Marañon | Matriz artificial de gel de fibrina endotelizada superproductora de factores proangiogénicos |
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ES2551143A1 (es) * | 2014-05-13 | 2015-11-16 | Fundación Tekniker | Dermis artificial, piel artificial, métodos para su preparación y sus usos |
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JP2015134815A (ja) * | 2004-02-13 | 2015-07-27 | スミス アンド ネフュー オルトペディクス アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 創傷治療組成物 |
US9526746B2 (en) | 2004-02-13 | 2016-12-27 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Wound healing composition |
US11617823B2 (en) | 2004-04-27 | 2023-04-04 | Smith & Nephew Plc | Wound cleansing apparatus with stress |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20120183505A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
JP2004522545A (ja) | 2004-07-29 |
EP2165678A1 (en) | 2010-03-24 |
PT1375647E (pt) | 2010-02-18 |
US20070275461A1 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
ES2173812A1 (es) | 2002-10-16 |
EP1375647B1 (en) | 2009-11-11 |
US20040171145A1 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
JP5047047B2 (ja) | 2012-10-10 |
AR032916A1 (es) | 2003-12-03 |
EG23321A (en) | 2004-12-29 |
ES2173812B1 (es) | 2003-12-16 |
EP1375647A1 (en) | 2004-01-02 |
CA2439387A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
TWI258506B (en) | 2006-07-21 |
JP5529918B2 (ja) | 2014-06-25 |
JP2012187412A (ja) | 2012-10-04 |
JP2008253788A (ja) | 2008-10-23 |
US7244552B2 (en) | 2007-07-17 |
JP4235452B2 (ja) | 2009-03-11 |
ATE448295T1 (de) | 2009-11-15 |
CA2439387C (en) | 2012-04-24 |
ES2336430T3 (es) | 2010-04-13 |
DE60234323D1 (de) | 2009-12-24 |
US9168125B2 (en) | 2015-10-27 |
DK1375647T3 (da) | 2010-03-15 |
AU2002235958B2 (en) | 2007-05-10 |
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