WO2002067491A1 - Hybrid arq method with single constellation rearrangement - Google Patents

Hybrid arq method with single constellation rearrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002067491A1
WO2002067491A1 PCT/EP2001/001982 EP0101982W WO02067491A1 WO 2002067491 A1 WO2002067491 A1 WO 2002067491A1 EP 0101982 W EP0101982 W EP 0101982W WO 02067491 A1 WO02067491 A1 WO 02067491A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bits
symbol
bit
signal constellation
data packets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2001/001982
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alexander Golitschek
Christian Wengerter
Philipp Michael Schmitt
Eiko Seidel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Priority to KR1020027013985A priority Critical patent/KR100569402B1/ko
Priority to CNB2005100529552A priority patent/CN100394718C/zh
Priority to DE60102296T priority patent/DE60102296T2/de
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority to JP2002566896A priority patent/JP3480846B1/ja
Priority to US10/239,794 priority patent/US6892341B2/en
Priority to MXPA02010377A priority patent/MXPA02010377A/es
Priority to CA002406234A priority patent/CA2406234C/en
Priority to AT01923594T priority patent/ATE261637T1/de
Priority to EP01923594A priority patent/EP1293059B1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2001/001982 priority patent/WO2002067491A1/en
Priority to AU2001250329A priority patent/AU2001250329B2/en
Priority to BR0110161-7A priority patent/BR0110161A/pt
Priority to CNB018083862A priority patent/CN100393021C/zh
Publication of WO2002067491A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002067491A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US11/003,405 priority patent/US7111219B2/en
Priority to US11/759,892 priority patent/US7697565B2/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0002—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
    • H04L1/0003—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate by switching between different modulation schemes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1812—Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ]
    • H04L1/1819—Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ] with retransmission of additional or different redundancy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1867—Arrangements specially adapted for the transmitter end
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H04L27/3405—Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power
    • H04L27/3416—Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power in which the information is carried by both the individual signal points and the subset to which the individual points belong, e.g. using coset coding, lattice coding, or related schemes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H04L27/345—Modifications of the signal space to allow the transmission of additional information
    • H04L27/3461—Modifications of the signal space to allow the transmission of additional information in order to transmit a subchannel
    • H04L27/3472—Modifications of the signal space to allow the transmission of additional information in order to transmit a subchannel by switching between alternative constellations

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hybrid ARQ retransmission method in a communication system according to the preamble part of claim 1.
  • a common technique in communication systems with unreliable and time-varying channel conditions is to correct errors based on automatic repeat request (ARQ) schemes together with a forward error correction (FEC) technique called hybrid ARQ (HARQ). If an error is detected by a commonly used cyclic redundancy check (CRC), the receiver of the communication system requests the transmitter to resend the erroneously received data packets.
  • ARQ automatic repeat request
  • FEC forward error correction
  • HARQ hybrid ARQ
  • Type I The erroneous received packets are discarded and a new copy of the same packet is retransmitted and decoded separately. There is no combining of earlier and later received versions of that packet.
  • Type II The erroneous received packets are not discarded, but are combined with some incremental redundancy bits provided by the transmitter for subsequent decoding. Retransmitted packets sometimes have higher coding rates and are combined at the receiver with the stored values. That means that only little redundancy is added in each retransmission.
  • Type III Is the same as Type II with the constraint each retransmitted packet is now self-decodable. This implies that the transmitted packet is decodable without the combination with previous packets. This is useful if some packets are damaged in such a way that almost no information is reusable.
  • Types II and III schemes are obviously more intelligent and show a performance gain with respect to Type I, because they provide the ability to reuse information from of previously received erroneous packets.
  • the reliabilities of the transmitted bits will increase linearly with the number and power of received packets. From a decoder point of view the same FEC scheme (with constant code rate) will be employed over all transmissions. Hence, the decoder does not need to know how many retransmissions have been performed, since it sees only the combined soft-decision values. In this scheme all transmitted packets will have to carry the same number of symbols.
  • Code-combining concatenates the received packets in order to generate a new code word (decreasing code rate with increasing number of transmission). Hence, the decoder has to be aware of the FEC scheme to apply at each retransmission instant. Code-combining offers a higher flexibility with respect to soft-combining, since the length of the retransmitted packets can be altered to adapt to channel conditions. However, this requires more signaling data to be transmitted with respect to soft-combining. Combination of Soft- and Code-Combining
  • the identical code-symbols are combined using soft-combing as described in the section titled "Soft Combining" while the remaining code-symbols will be combined using code-combining.
  • the signaling requirements will be similar to code-combining.
  • bit reliabilities within soft-combined symbols will be in a constant ratio over all retransmissions, i.e. bits which have been less reliable from previous received transmissions will still be less reliable after having received further transmissions and, analogous, bits which have been more reliable from previous received transmissions will still be more reliable after having received further transmissions.
  • the varying bit reliabilities evolve from the constraint of two-dimensional signal constellation mapping, where modulation schemes carrying more than 2 bits per symbol cannot have the same mean reliabilities for all bits under the assumption that all symbols are transmitted equally likely.
  • mean reliabilities is consequently meant as the reliability of a particular bit over all symbols of a signal constellation.
  • bits i and q 2 have a low mean reliability, as their reliability depends on the fact of whether they transmit a one or a zero. For example, for bit i 2 , ones are mapped to outer columns, whereas zeros are mapped to inner columns. Similarly, for bit q 2 , ones are mapped to outer rows, whereas zeros are mapped to inner rows.
  • bit reliabilities will stay in a constant ratio to each other, which is defined by the signal constellation employed in the first transmission, i.e. bits / ' 1 and g ⁇ will always have a higher mean reliability than bits / 2 and q 2 after any number of retransmissions.
  • the object underlying the present invention is to provide a hybrid ARQ retransmission method with an improved error correction performance. This object is solved by a method as set forth in claim 1.
  • the method subject to the invention is based on the recognition that in order to enhance the decoder performance, it would be quite beneficial to have equal or near to equal mean bit reliabilities after each received transmission of a packet.
  • the idea underlying the invention is to tailor the bit reliabilities over the retransmissions in a way that the mean bit reliabilities get averaged out. This is achieved by choosing a predetermined first and at least second signal constellation for the transmissions, such that the combined mean bit reliabilities for the respective bits of all transmissions are nearly equal.
  • the signal constellation rearrangement results in a changed bit mapping, wherein the Euclidean distances between the modulation symbols can be altered from retransmission to retransmission due to the movement of the constellation points.
  • the mean bit reliabilities can be manipulated in a desired manner and averaged out to increase the performance the FEC decoder at the receiver.
  • Figure 1 is an exemplary signal constellation for illustrating a 16 QAM modulation scheme with Gray encoded bit symbols
  • figure 2 shows four examples for signal constellations for a 16 QAM modulation scheme with Gray encoded bit symbols
  • figure 3 shows an exemplary signal constellation for 64-QAM Gray encoded bit symbols
  • figure 4 shows six exemplary signal constellations for 64-QAM Gray encoded bit symbols
  • figure 5 is an exemplary embodiment of a communication system in which the method underlying the invention is employed.
  • figure 6 explains details of the mapping unit shown in figure 5.
  • LLR Log- Likelihood-Ratio
  • r folk s n denotes the mean received symbol under the constraint the symbol s n has been transmitted (AWGN case)
  • d n d n
  • m 2 denotes the square of the Euclidean distance between the received symbol r n and the symbol s m
  • £s/ ⁇ / 0 denotes the observed signal-to-noise ratio
  • Equation (1) the LLR depends on the signal-to-noise ratio Es/No and the Euclidean distances d n , m between the signal constellation points.
  • Level 1 Bit mapping for ones (zeros) separated into the positive (negative) real half space for the i-bits and the imaginary half space the q- bits. Here, there is no difference whether the ones are mapped to the positive or to the negative half space.
  • Level 2 (Low Reliability, 2 bits): Ones (zeros) are mapped to inner (outer) columns for the i-bits or to inner (outer) rows for the q-bits. Since there is a difference for the LLR depending on the mapping to the inner (outer) columns and rows, Level 2 is further classified:
  • Level 2a Mapping of i n to inner columns and q n to inner rows respectively.
  • Level 2b Inverted mapping of Level 2a: Mapping of i n to outer columns and q n to outer rows respectively.
  • Table 2 provides some examples how to combine the constellations for the transmissions 1 to 4 (using 4 different mappings).
  • mappings Two algorithms are given which describe schemes using 2 or 4 mappings overall.
  • the approach using 2 mappings results in less system complexity, however has some performance degradation with respect to the approach using 4 mappings.
  • the mapping for i- and q-bits can be done independently and, hence, in the following the mapping for the i-bits only is described.
  • the algorithms for the q-bits work analog.
  • Level 1 High Reliability, 2 bits: Bit mapping for ones (zeros) separated into the positive (negative) real half space for the i-bits and the imaginary half space for the q- bits. Here, there is no difference whether the ones are mapped to the positive or to the negative half space.
  • Level 2 (Medium Reliability, 2 bits): Ones (zeros) are mapped to 4 inner and 2x2 outer columns for the i-bits or to 4 inner and 2x2 outer rows for the q-bits. Since there is a difference for the LLR depending on the mapping to the inner or outer column/row Level 2 is further classified:
  • Level 2a Mapping of i n to 4 inner columns and q n to 4 inner rows respectively.
  • Level 2b Inverted mapping of 2a: i n to outer columns and q n to outer rows respectively
  • Level 3 (Low Reliability, 2 bits): Ones (zeros) are mapped to columns 1-4-5-8/2-3-6-7 for the i-bits or to rows 1 -4-5-8/2-3-6-7 for the q-bits. Since there is a difference for the LLR depending on the mapping to columns/rows 1-4-5-8 or 2-3-6-7 Level 3 is further classified:
  • Level 3a Mapping of i n to columns 2-3-6-7 and q n to rows 2-3-6-7 respectively
  • Level 3b Inverted mapping of 2a: i n to columns 1-4-5-8 and q n to rows 1-4-5-8 respectively
  • Table 4 provides some examples how to combine the constellations for the transmissions 1 to 6 (using 6 different mappings).
  • Step (1. Transmission) Choose Level 1 for
  • Step (1. Transmission) Choose Level 1 for ii
  • mapping 7. Step (7., 13., 19., ... Transmission) choose one out of 6 defined mappings
  • Step (8., 14., 20., ... Transmission) choose one out of 6 defined mappings except
  • Figure 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a communication system to which the present invention can be applied. More specifically, the communication system comprises a transmitter 10 and a receiver 20 which communicate through a channel 30 which can either be wire-bound or wireless, i.e. an air intejface.
  • a data source 11 data packets are supplied to a FEC encoder 12, where redundancy bits are added to correct errors.
  • the n bits output from the FEC decoder are subsequently supplied to a mapping unit 13 acting as a modulator to output symbols formed according to the applied modulation scheme stored as a constellation pattern in a table 15.
  • the receiver 20 checks the received data packets, for example, by means of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) for correctness. If the received data packets are erroneous, the same are stored in a temporary buffer 22 for subsequent soft combining with the retransmitted data packets.
  • CRC cyclic redundancy check
  • a retransmission is launched by an automatic repeat request issued by an error detector (not shown) with the result that an identical data packet is transmitted from the transmitter 10.
  • the combining unit 21 the previously received erroneous data packets are soft-combined with the retransmitted data packets.
  • the combining unit 21 also acts as a demodulator and the same signal constellation pattern stored in the table 15 is used to demodulate the symbol which was used during the modulation of that symbol.
  • the table 15 stores a plurality of signal constellation patterns which are selected for the individual (re)-transmissions according to a predetermined scheme.
  • the scheme i.e. the sequence of signal constellation patterns used for modulating/demodulating are either pre-stored in the transmitter and the receiver or are signaled by transmitter to the receiver prior to usage.
  • the method underlying the invention rearranges the signal constellation patterns for the individual (re)-transmissions according to a predetermined scheme, such that the mean bit reliabilities are averaged out.
  • the performance of the FEC decoder 23 is significantly improved, resulting in a low bit error rate (BER) output from the decoder.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
  • Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)
  • Communication Control (AREA)
PCT/EP2001/001982 2001-02-21 2001-02-21 Hybrid arq method with single constellation rearrangement Ceased WO2002067491A1 (en)

Priority Applications (15)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CNB018083862A CN100393021C (zh) 2001-02-21 2001-02-21 使用信号星座重排的混合自动请求重发的方法和装置
AT01923594T ATE261637T1 (de) 2001-02-21 2001-02-21 Hybrides arq-verfahren mit neuanordnung der signalkonstellation
DE60102296T DE60102296T2 (de) 2001-02-21 2001-02-21 Hybrides arq-verfahren mit neuanordnung der signalkonstellation
PCT/EP2001/001982 WO2002067491A1 (en) 2001-02-21 2001-02-21 Hybrid arq method with single constellation rearrangement
JP2002566896A JP3480846B1 (ja) 2001-02-21 2001-02-21 コンスタレーションリアレンジメントを用いたデータ送信装置
US10/239,794 US6892341B2 (en) 2001-02-21 2001-02-21 Data transmission apparatus using a constellation rearrangement
MXPA02010377A MXPA02010377A (es) 2001-02-21 2001-02-21 Metodo hibrido de solicitud de repeticion automatica con redesposicion de constelaciones de senales.
CA002406234A CA2406234C (en) 2001-02-21 2001-02-21 Hybrid arq method with signal constellation rearrangement
EP01923594A EP1293059B1 (en) 2001-02-21 2001-02-21 Hybrid arq method with signal constellation rearrangement
KR1020027013985A KR100569402B1 (ko) 2001-02-21 2001-02-21 통신 시스템에 있어서의 하이브리드 ａｒｑ 전송 방법, 전송 장치 및 이를 구비한 기지국 장치, 통신 단말 장치 및 통신 시스템
CNB2005100529552A CN100394718C (zh) 2001-02-21 2001-02-21 使用信号星座重排的发送设备、发送方法和通信系统
AU2001250329A AU2001250329B2 (en) 2001-02-21 2001-02-21 Hybrid ARQ method with signal constellation rearrangement
BR0110161-7A BR0110161A (pt) 2001-02-21 2001-02-21 Método arq hìbrido com redisposição de constelação de sinais
US11/003,405 US7111219B2 (en) 2001-02-21 2004-12-06 Data transmission apparatus using a constellation rearrangement
US11/759,892 US7697565B2 (en) 2001-02-21 2007-06-07 Data transmission apparatus and communication system using a constellation rearrangement

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2001/001982 WO2002067491A1 (en) 2001-02-21 2001-02-21 Hybrid arq method with single constellation rearrangement

Related Child Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/239,794 A-371-Of-International US6892341B2 (en) 2001-02-21 2001-02-21 Data transmission apparatus using a constellation rearrangement
US11/003,405 Continuation US7111219B2 (en) 2001-02-21 2004-12-06 Data transmission apparatus using a constellation rearrangement
US11/003,437 Continuation US7693179B2 (en) 2001-02-21 2004-12-06 Data transmission apparatus using a constellation rearrangement

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002067491A1 true WO2002067491A1 (en) 2002-08-29

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PCT/EP2001/001982 Ceased WO2002067491A1 (en) 2001-02-21 2001-02-21 Hybrid arq method with single constellation rearrangement

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (2) US6892341B2 (enExample)
EP (1) EP1293059B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP3480846B1 (enExample)
KR (1) KR100569402B1 (enExample)
CN (2) CN100394718C (enExample)
AT (1) ATE261637T1 (enExample)
AU (1) AU2001250329B2 (enExample)
BR (1) BR0110161A (enExample)
CA (1) CA2406234C (enExample)
DE (1) DE60102296T2 (enExample)
MX (1) MXPA02010377A (enExample)
WO (1) WO2002067491A1 (enExample)

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US8605751B2 (en) 2008-08-28 2013-12-10 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Symbol mapping apparatus and method
JP2013255227A (ja) * 2003-09-09 2013-12-19 Qualcomm Inc Ｍｉｍｏ通信システムにおける複数の並列チャネルのためのインクリメンタル冗長度送信
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US8699601B1 (en) 2006-08-08 2014-04-15 Marvell World Trade Ltd. Distance-level combining for MIMO systems with HARQ and/or repetition coding
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MXPA02010377A (es) 2005-01-25
CN1426641A (zh) 2003-06-25
DE60102296D1 (de) 2004-04-15
US20050097424A1 (en) 2005-05-05
US20040049725A1 (en) 2004-03-11
US7111219B2 (en) 2006-09-19
BR0110161A (pt) 2002-12-31
DE60102296T2 (de) 2004-07-29
CA2406234C (en) 2005-06-28
JP2004519172A (ja) 2004-06-24
CN100394718C (zh) 2008-06-11
ATE261637T1 (de) 2004-03-15
CN1655493A (zh) 2005-08-17
CN100393021C (zh) 2008-06-04
KR20020087991A (ko) 2002-11-23
US6892341B2 (en) 2005-05-10
EP1293059A1 (en) 2003-03-19
AU2001250329B2 (en) 2003-10-30
KR100569402B1 (ko) 2006-04-07
CA2406234A1 (en) 2002-08-29
EP1293059B1 (en) 2004-03-10
JP3480846B1 (ja) 2003-12-22

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