Classifications

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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
  • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
  • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D513/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
  • C07D513/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D513/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

• This invention relates to novel compounds, compositions containing them and their use as antibacterials.
• WO99/37635 disclose piperidine and piperazine derivatives having antibacterial activity.
• This invention provides a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof:
• one of Z 1 , Z ⁇ , z Z ⁇ and Z ⁇ is N, one is CRl & and the remainder are CH , or one of Z Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 and Z 5 is CR la and the remainder are CH;
• Rl and R a are independently hydrogen; hydroxy; (C ⁇ _6)alkoxy optionally substituted by (C ⁇ _6)alkoxy, amino, piperidyl, guanidino or amidino any of which is optionally N- substituted by one or two (C ⁇ _6)alkyl, acyl or ( . ⁇ alkylsulphonyl groups, CONH ?, hydroxy, (C ⁇ _6)alkylthio, heterocyclylthio, heterocyclyloxy, arylthio, aryloxy, acylthio, acyloxy or (C ⁇ _6)alkylsulphonyloxy; (C ⁇ _6)alkoxy-substituted(C ⁇ _6)alkyl; halogen; (C ⁇ _ 5 6) a ⁇ y ⁇ (C ⁇ _6)alkylthio; trifluoromethyl; trifluoromethoxy; nitro; azido; acyl; acyloxy; acylthio; (C ⁇ _6)al
• R2 is hydrogen, or (C ⁇ _4)alkyl or (C2-4)alkenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from: amino optionally substituted by one or two (C ⁇ _4)alkyl groups; carboxy; (C ⁇ _ 4)alkoxycarbonyl; (C ⁇ _4)alkylcarbonyl; (C2_4)alkenyloxycarbonyl; (C2- 4)alkenylcarbonyl; aminocarbonyl wherein the amino group is optionally substituted by hydroxy, (C ⁇ _4)alkyl/hydroxy(C]__4)alkyl, aminocarbonyl(C ⁇ _4)alkyl, (C2_4)alkenyl, (C ⁇ _4)alkylsulphonyl, trifluoromethylsulphonyl, (C2_4)alkenylsulphonyl, (C ⁇ _ 4)alkoxycarbonyl, (C ⁇ _4)alkylcarbonyl, (C2-4)alkenyloxycarbonyl or (C2- 4)al
• R 3 is hydrogen
• R3 is in the 2-, 3- or 4-position and is: carboxy; (C ⁇ _6)alkoxycarbonyl; (C2_6)alkenyloxycarbonyl; aminocarbonyl wherein the amino group is optionally substituted by hydroxy, (C ⁇ _6)alkyl, hydroxy(C ⁇ _6)alkyl, aminocarbonyl(C ⁇ _6)alkyl, (C2-6)alkenyl, (C ⁇ _6)alkylsulphonyl, trifluoromethylsulphonyl, (C2-6)alkenylsulphonyl, (C ⁇ _6)alkoxycarbonyl, (C ⁇ _ 6)alkylcarbonyl, (C2-6)alkenyloxycarbonyl or (C2-6)alkenylcarbonyl and optionally further substituted by (C ⁇ _6)alkyl, hydroxy(C ⁇ _6)alkyl, aminocarbonyl(C ⁇ _6)alkyl or (C2_ g)alkenyl; cyano; tetrazolyl
• Rl2 independently selected from: halogen; (C ⁇ _6)alkylthio; trifluoromethyl; (Ci_6)alkoxycarbonyl; (C ⁇ _
• R 4 is a group -U-R ⁇ where U is selected from CO, SO2 and CH2 and R5 is an optionally substituted bicyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring system (A):
• ring (a) is aromatic and ring (b) is non-aromatic;
• X 1 is C or N;
• X 2 is N, R 13 , O, S(O) x , CO or CR 14 ;
• X 3 and X ⁇ are independently N or C;
• ⁇ l is a 0 to 4 atom linker group each atom of which is independently selected from N, NR 13 , O, S(O) X , CO and CR 14 ;
• Y 2 is a 2 to 6 atom linker group, each atom of Y 2 being independently selected from N, NRl3, O, S(O) X , CO, CR 14 and CR 14 R 15 ; each of R* and R*5 is independently selected from: H; (C ⁇ 4)alkylthio; halo; carboxy(C ⁇ _4)alkyl; halo(C ⁇ _4)alkoxy; halo(C ⁇ _4)alkyl; (C ⁇ _4)alkyl; (C2-4)alkenyl; (C ⁇ _ 4)alkoxycarbonyl; formyl; (C ⁇ _4)alkylcarbonyl; (C2_4)alkenyloxycarbonyl; (C2- 4)alkenylcarbonyl; (C ⁇ _4)alkylcarbonyloxy; (C ⁇ _4)alkoxycarbonyl(C ⁇ _4)alkyl; hydroxy; hydroxy(C ⁇ _4)alkyl; mercapto(C ⁇ _4)alkyl; (
• each x is independently 0, 1 or 2
• n 0 and AB is R 1 !CO, CO-CR 8 R9, CR6R7 " CO, NHRI 1 SO 2 , CR 6 R 7 -SO 2 or CR6R7-CR8R9.
• R 8 and R 9 are not optionally substituted hydroxy or amino and R6 and R 8 do not represent a bond: or n is 1 and AB is NRl !CO, CO-CR 8 R 9 , CR 6 R?-CO, NR 1 *SO2, CONR 1 1, CR 7- CR 8 R9 , O-CR 8 R9 or NR 1 -CR 8 R 9 ;
• RlO is selected from (Cj_4)alkyl; (C2-4)alkenyl and aryl any of which may be optionally substituted by a group R 2 as defined above; carboxy; aminocarbonyl wherein the amino group is optionally substituted by hydroxy, (C ⁇ _6)alkyl, (C2_6)alkenyl, (C _ 6)alkylsulphonyl, trifluoromethylsulphonyl, (C2_6)alkenylsulphonyl, (Cj.
• RU is hydrogen; trifluoromethyl, (Cj_6)alkyl; (C2_6)alkenyl; (C ⁇ _6)alkoxycarbonyl; (C ⁇ _6)alkylcarbonyl; or aminocarbonyl wherein the amino group is optionally substituted by (C ⁇ _6)alkoxycarbonyl 5 (Ci_6) a lkyl carDon yi > (C2_6)alkenyloxycarbonyl, (C2. 6)alkenylcarbonyl, (C 1 _6)alkyl or (C2_6)alkenyl and optionally further substituted by (C 1 _ 6)alkyl or (C2-6)alkenyl;
• R 3 and R° R?, R 8 or R 9 contains a carboxy group and the other contains a hydroxy or amino group they may together form a cyclic ester or amide linkage.
• This invention also provides a method of treatment of bacterial infections in mammals, ' particularly in man, which method comprises the administration to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof.
• the invention also provides the use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of bacterial infections in mammals.
• the invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• Z 5 is CH or N
• Z 3 is CH or CF and Z 1 , Z 2 and Z 4 are each CH, or Z 1 is N, Z 3 is CH or CF and Z 2 , Z 4 and Z $ are each CH.
• Rl or R* a is substituted alkoxy it is preferably (C2-6)alkoxy substitituted by optionally N-substituted amino, guanidino or amidino, or (C ⁇ _6)alkoxy substituted by piperidyl.
• Suitable examples of R and R ⁇ a alkoxy include methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, n-propyloxy, iso-butyloxy, aminoethyloxy, aminopropyloxy, aminobutyloxy, aminopentyloxy, guanidinopropyloxy, piperidin-4-ylmethyloxy, phthalimido pentyloxy or 2-aminocarbonylprop-2-oxy.
• R* and R a are independently methoxy, amino(C3_5)alkyloxy, guanidino(C3_5)alkyloxy, piperidyl(C3_5)alkyloxy, nitro or fluoro; more preferably methoxy, amino(C3_5)alkyloxy or guanidino(C3_5)alkyloxy.
• R is methoxy and R* a is H or when Z 3 is CR a it may be C-F.
• R ia is preferably hydrogen, cyano, hydroxymethyl or carboxy, most preferably hydrogen.
• n is 0.
• R 2 is preferably hydrogen; (Ci _4)alkyl substituted with carboxy, optionally substituted hydroxy, optionally substituted aminocarbonyl, optionally substituted amino or (C ⁇ _4)alkoxycarbonyl; or (C2-4)alkenyl substituted with (C ⁇ _4)alkoxycarbonyl or carboxy. More preferred groups for R 2 are hydrogen, carboxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, aminocarbonylmethyl, ethoxycarbonylmethyl, ethoxycarbonylallyl and carboxyallyl, most preferably hydrogen.
• R 3 include hydrogen; optionally substituted hydroxy; (C ⁇ _ 4)alkoxycarbonyl; (C]__4) alkyl; ethenyl; optionally substituted l-hydroxy-(C]__4) alkyl; optionally substituted aminocarbonyl; carboxy(C ⁇ _4)alkyl; optionally substituted aminocarbonyl(C ⁇ _4)alkyl; cyano(C ⁇ _4)alkyl; optionally substituted 2-oxo-oxazolidinyl and optionally substituted 2-oxo-oxazolidinyl(C ⁇ _4alkyl). More preferred R 3 groups are hydrogen; CONH ; 1-hydroxyalkyl e.g. CH 2 OH.
• R 3 is hydrogen.
• R 3 is preferably in the 3- or 4-position.
• R 3 When R 3 is in the 3-position, preferably it is trans to (NR 2 )R 4 .
• n 0.
• A is CH(OH) the R-stereochemistry is preferred.
• A is NH, NCH 3 , CH 2 , CHOH, CH(NH 2 ), C(Me)(OH) or CH(Me).
• B is CH 2 or CO.
• A-B is CHOH-CH 2 , NR 1 1-CH 2 or NR 1 !-CO.
• Rl 1 is hydrogen or (C ⁇ _4)alkyl e.g. methyl, more preferably hydrogen.
• U is most preferably CH2-
• Y 2 has 3-5 atoms, more preferably 4 atoms, including NR 13 , O or S bonded to X 5 and NHCO bonded via N to X 3 , or O or NH bonded to X 3 .
• the ring (a) preferably contains aromatic nitrogen, and more preferably ring (a) is pyridine.
• rings (A) include optionally substituted: l,l,3-trioxo-l,2,3,4-tetrahydrol /6-benzo[l,4] thiazin-3-one-6-yl, benzo[l,3]dioxol-5-yl, 4H-benzo[ 1 ,4]oxazin-3-one-6-yl, 2,3-dihydro-benzo[ 1 ,4]dioxin-6-yl.
• Rl 3 is preferably ⁇ if in ring (a) or in addition (Ci _4)alkyl such as methyl or isopropyl when in ring (b). More preferably, in ring (b) R* is ⁇ when ⁇ 3 is bonded to X 3 and (C ⁇ A)alkyl when NR 13 is bonded to X 5 .
• R 4 and R 5 are preferably independently selected from hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, (C ⁇ _4)alkoxy, trifluoromethoxy, nitro, cyano, aryl(C ⁇ _4)alkoxy and (C ⁇ _4)alkylsulphonyl. More preferably Rl5 is hydrogen.
• each R is selected from hydrogen, chloro, fluoro, hydroxy, methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, benzyloxy, nitro, cyano and methylsulphonyl. Most preferably R is selected from hydrogen, fluorine or nitro. Preferably 0-3 groups R* are substituents other than hydrogen. Preferably when R 4 is not hydrogen, X 4 is CR 4 and/or CR* 4 is a component of Y 2 .
• R ⁇ include: 2,3-dihydro-benzo[l,4]dioxin-6-yl benzo[l,3]dioxol-5-yl
• alkyl includes groups having straight and branched chains, for instance, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, t- butyl, pentyl and hexyl.
• alkenyl' should be interpreted accordingly.
• Halo or halogen includes fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
• Haloalkyl moieties include 1-3 halogen atoms.
• heterocyclic as used herein includes optionally substituted aromatic and non-aromatic, single and fused, rings suitably containing up to four hetero-atoms in each ring selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur, which rings may be unsubstituted or C-substituted by, for example, up to three groups selected from (C ⁇ _4)alkylthio; halo; carboxy(C ⁇ _4)alkyl; halo(C ⁇ _4)alkoxy; halo(C ⁇ _4)alkyl; (Cj_4)alkyl; (C2-4)alkenyl; (C ⁇ _4)alkoxycarbonyl; formyl; (C ⁇ _ 4)alkylcarbonyl; (C2_4)alkenyloxycarbonyl; (C2_4)alkenylcarbonyl; (C ⁇ _ 4)alkylcarbonyloxy; (C ⁇ _4)alkoxycarbonyl(C ⁇ _4)alkyl; hydroxy;
• Each heterocyclic ring suitably has from 4 to 7, preferably 5 or 6, ring atoms.
• a fused heterocyclic ring system may include carbocyclic rings and need include only one heterocyclic ring.
• suitable optional substituents in such substituted amino groups include H; trifluoromethyl; (C ⁇ _4)alkyl optionally substituted by hydroxy, (C ⁇ _6)alkoxy,
• aryl includes optionally substituted phenyl and naphthyl.
• Aryl groups may be optionally substituted with up to five, preferably up to three, groups selected from (Ci _4)alkylthio; halo; carboxy(C ⁇ _4)alkyl; halo(C ⁇ _4)alkoxy; halo(Cj_4)alkyl; (C ⁇ 4)alkyl; (C2-4)alkenyl; (C ⁇ _4)alkoxycarbonyl; formyl; (C _4)alkylthio; halo; carboxy(C ⁇ _4)alkyl; halo(C ⁇ _4)alkoxy; halo(Cj_4)alkyl; (C ⁇ 4)alkyl; (C2-4)alkenyl; (C ⁇ _4)alkoxycarbonyl; formyl; (C _4)
• acyl includes formyl and (C ⁇ _6)alkylcarbonyl group.
• Preferred compounds of formula (I) include: (R)-2- ⁇ 4- [(2,3 -Dihydro-benzo [1,4] dioxin-6-ylmethyl)-amino] -piperidin- 1 -yl ⁇ - 1 -(6- methoxy-quinolin-4-yl)-ethanol,
• Some of the compounds of this invention may be crystallised or recrystallised from solvents such as aqueous and organic solvents. In such cases solvates may be formed.
• This invention includes within its scope stoichiometric solvates including hydrates as well as compounds containing variable amounts of water that may be produced by processes such as lyophilisation.
• the compounds of formula (I) are intended for use in pharmaceutical compositions it will readily be understood that they are each preferably provided in substantially pure form, for example at least 60% pure, more suitably at least 75% pure and preferably at least 85%, especially at least 98% pure (% are on a weight for weight basis). Impure preparations of the compounds may be used for preparing the more pure forms used in the pharmaceutical compositions; these less pure preparations of the compounds should contain at least 1%, more suitably at least 5% and preferably from 10 to 59% of a compound of the formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof.
• Particular compounds according to the invention include those mentioned in the examples and their pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives of the above-mentioned compounds of formula (I) include the free base form or their acid addition or quaternary ammonium salts, for example their salts with mineral acids e.g. hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulphuric nitric or phosphoric acids, or organic acids, e.g. acetic, fumaric, succinic, maleic, citric, benzoic, p-toluenesulphonic, methanesulphonic, naphthalenesulphonic acid or tartaric acids.
• Compounds of formula (I) may also be prepared as the N-oxide.
• Compounds of formula (I) having a free carboxy group may also be prepared as an in vivo hydrolysable ester. The invention extends to all such derivatives.
• Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable in vivo hydrolysable ester- forming groups include those forming esters which break down readily in the human body to leave the parent acid or its salt. Suitable groups of this type include those of part formulae (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v):
• R a is hydrogen, (C ⁇ _ ) alkyl, (C3.7) cycloalkyl, methyl, or phenyl
• R* 3 is (Ci-6) alkyl, (C ⁇ ) alkoxy, phenyl, benzyl, (03.7) cycloalkyl, (C3.7) cycloalkyloxy, (C g) alkyl (03.7) cycloalkyl, l-amino C . ⁇ ) alkyl, or l-(C ⁇ _6 alkyl)amino (C g) alkyl; or R a and R ⁇ together form a 1,2-phenylene group optionally substituted by one or two methoxy groups;
• R c represents (Cj.g) alkylene optionally substituted with a methyl or ethyl group and R ⁇ and R e independently represent (C ⁇ _g) alkyl;
• R ⁇ represents (Cj.g) alkyl;
• R ⁇ represents hydrogen or pheny
• Suitable in vivo hydrolysable ester groups include, for example, acyloxy(C ⁇ _6)alkyl groups such as acetoxymethyl, pivaloyloxymethyl, ⁇ -acetoxyethyl, ⁇ -pivaloyloxyethyl, l-(cyclohexylcarbonyloxy)prop-l-yl, and (1 -aminoethyl)carbonyloxymethyl; (C 1 _6)alkoxycarbonyloxy(C ⁇ _g)alkyl groups, such as ethoxycarbonyloxymethyl, ⁇ -ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl and propoxycarbonyloxyethyl; di(C ⁇ _6)alkylamino(C ⁇ _6)alkyl especially di(C ⁇ _4)alkylamino(C ⁇ _4)alkyl groups such as dimethylaminomethyl, dimethylaminoethyl, diethylaminomethyl or diethylaminoethyl
• a further suitable pharmaceutically acceptable in vivo hydrolysable ester-forming group is that of the formula:
• Rk is hydrogen, C ⁇ . ⁇ _ alkyl or phenyl.
• R is preferably hydrogen.
• Certain of the compounds of formula (I) may exist in the form of optical isomers, e.g. diastereoisomers and mixtures of isomers in all ratios, e.g. racemic mixtures.
• the invention includes all such forms, in particular the pure isomeric forms.
• the invention includes compound in which an A-B group CH(OH)-CH2 is in either isomeric configuration, the R-isomer is preferred.
• the different isomeric forms may be separated or resolved one from the other by conventional methods, or any given isomer may be obtained by conventional synthetic methods or by stereospecific or asymmetric syntheses.
• n is as defined in formula (I);
• Z 1 ', Z 2 ', Z 3 ', Z 4 ', Z 5 ', R 1 ', and R 3 ' are Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 , Z $ , R , and R 3 as defined in formula (I) or groups convertible thereto;
• Q is NR 'R 4 ' or a group convertible thereto wherein R 2 ' and R 4 ' are R 2 and R 4 as defined in formula (I) or groups convertible thereto and Q 2 is H or R 3 ' or Q 1 and Q 2 together form an optionally protected oxo group;
• X is A'-COW, Y is H and n is 0;
• COW and Y is NHR 1 1', NCO or NR1 l'COW;
• X is W or OH and Y is CH OH and n is 1 ;
• X is NHR 1 1 1 and Y is SO2W or X is NR 11 'SO2W and Y is H, and n is 0;
• X is W and Y is CONHR 1 '; in which W is a leaving group, e.g. halo or imidazolyl; R and Ry are (Ci _6)alkyl; R z is aryl or (C ⁇ _6)alkyl; A' and NR 1 *' are A and NR 1 1 as defined in formula (I), or groups convertible thereto; and oxirane is:
• R ⁇ , R 8 and R 9 are as defined in formula (I); and thereafter optionally or as necessary converting Q and Q 2 to NR 'R 4 '; converting A', Z 1 ' Z 2 ', Z 3 ', Z 4 ', Z5' Rl' R 2 ', R 3 ', R 4 ' andNR 11* ⁇ A, Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 , Z ⁇ R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , ' R 4 and NR 1 * ; converting A-B to other A-B, interconverting R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and/or R 4 , and/or forming a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof.
• Process variant (i) initially produces compounds of formula (I) wherein A-B is A'- CO.
• Process variant (i ⁇ ) initially produces compounds of formula (I) wherem A-B is
• Process variant (iii) initially produces compounds of formula (I) wherein A-B is CR 6 (OH)-CR 8 R 9 .
• Process variant (iv) initially produces compounds of formula (I) where A-B is NH-CO.
• Process variant (v) initially produces compounds of formula (I) wherein A-B is CO-CH 2 or CH2-CO.
• Process variant (vi) initially produces compounds of formula (I) wherein A-B is CR 6 R 7 -CR OH.
• Process variant (vii) and (viii) initially produce compounds of formula (I) wherein
• Process variant (ix) initially produces compounds of formula (I) where A-B is CO- NRU O ⁇ NRU-CO.
• Process variant (x) initially produces compounds of formula (I) wherein A-B is NR n -CHR 8 .
• Process variant (xi) initially produces compounds of formula (I) wherein A-B is
• Process variant (xiii) initially produces compounds of formula (I) where A-B is
• Process variant (xiv) initially produces compounds of formula (I) wherein A-B is O-CH2.
• Process variant (xv) initially produces compounds where AB is NR 1 1 SO2- Process variant (xvi) initially produces compounds of formula (I) where A-B is
• reaction is a standard amide or urea formation reaction involving e.g.:
• the acid and amine are preferably reacted in the presence of an activating agent such as l-(dimethylaminopropyI)-3- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) or 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT) or O-(7- azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-N,N,N',N-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU); or 2.
• EDC l-(dimethylaminopropyI)-3- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride
• HOBT 1-hydroxybenzotriazole
• HATU O-(7- azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-N,N,N',N-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate
• A' may be, for example, protected hydroxymethylene.
• the process variant (ii) is a standard addition reaction using methods well known to those skilled in the art.
• the process is preferably carried out in a polar organic solvent e.g. acetonitrile in the presence of an organic base e.g. triethylamine.
• the coupling may be effected in a suitable solvent such as acetonitrile or dimethylformamide at room temperature in the presence of one equivalent of lithium perchlorate as catalyst (general method of J.E. Chateauneuf et al, J. Org. Chem., 56, 5939-5942, 1991) or more preferably with ytterbium triflate in dichloromethane.
• a suitable solvent such as acetonitrile or dimethylformamide
• one equivalent of lithium perchlorate as catalyst generally known method of J.E. Chateauneuf et al, J. Org. Chem., 56, 5939-5942, 1991
• ytterbium triflate in dichloromethane.
• an elevated temperature such as 40 - 70 °C may be beneficial.
• the piperidine may be treated with a base, such as one equivalent of butyl lithium, and the resulting salt reacted with the oxirane in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, preferably at an elevated temperature such as 80°C.
• a base such as one equivalent of butyl lithium
• an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran
• 80°C elevated temperature
• Use of a chiral epoxide will afford single diastereomers.
• mixtures of diastereomers may be separated by preparative HPLC or by conventional resolution through crystallisation of salts formed from chiral acids.
• the process variant (iv) is a standard urea formation reaction from the reaction of an isocyanate with an amine and is conducted by methods well known to those skilled in the art (for example see March, J; Advanced Organic Chemistry, Edition 3 (John Wiley and Sons, 1985), p802-3).
• the process is preferably carried out in a polar solvent such as ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylformamide.
• the process is two step: firstly a condensation using a base, preferably sodium hydride or alkoxide, sodamide, alkyl lithium or lithium dialkylamide, preferably' in an aprotic solvent e.g.
• the process variant (xi) is a standard alkylation reaction well known to those skilled in the art, for example where an alcohol or amine is treated with an alkyl halide in the presence of a base (for example see March, J; Advanced Organic Chemistry, Edition 3 (John Wiley and Sons, 1985), p364-366 and p342-343).
• the process is preferably carried out in a polar solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide
• the reaction is an alkylation, examples of which are described in J. Med. chem. (1979) 22(10) 1171-6.
• the compound of formula (IN) maybe prepared from the corresponding compound where X is ⁇ HR 1 1' by acylation with an appropriate derivative of the acid WCH2COOH such as the acid chloride or sulphonation with an appropriate derivative of the sulphonic acid WCH2SO3H such as the sulphonyl chloride.
• reaction is a standard sulphonamide formation reaction well known to those skilled in the art. This may be e.g. the reaction of a sulphonyl halide with an amine.
• the hydroxy group in Y is preferably converted to an OM group where M is an alkali metal by treatment of an alcohol with a base.
• the base is preferably inorganic such as ⁇ aH, lithium dusopropylamide or sodium.
• X is OH
• the hydroxy group in Y is activated under Mitsunobu conditions (Fletcher etal. J Chem Soc. (1995), 623).
• DCC dichlorocarbodiimide
• the leaving group W is preferably chloro,bromo or iodo or trifluoromethylsulphonyloxy and the reaction is the palladium catalysed process known as the "Buchwald” reaction (J. Yin and S. L. Buchwald, Org.Lett, 2000, 2, 1101).
• Reduction of a carbonyl group A or B to CHOH can be readily accomplished using reducing agents well known to those skilled in the art, e.g. sodium borohydride in aqueous ethanol or lithium aluminium hydride in ethereal solution. This is analogous to methods described in EP53964, US384556 and J. Gutzwiller et al, J. Amer. Chem. Soc, 1978. 100, 576.
• the carbonyl group A or B may be reduced to CH2 by treatment with a reducing agent such as hydrazine in ethylene glycol, at e.g. 130-160°C, in the presence of potassium hydroxide. Reaction of a carbonyl group A or B with an organometallic reagent yields a group where R 6 or R s is OH and R 7 or R 9 is alkyl.
• a reducing agent such as hydrazine in ethylene glycol, at e.g. 130-160°C
• a hydroxy group on A or B may be oxidised to a carbonyl group by oxidants well known to those skilled in the art, for example, manganese dioxide, pyridinium chlorochromate or pyridinium dichromate.
• An amide carbonyl group may be reduced to the corresponding amine using a reducing agent such as lithium aluminium hydride.
• a hydroxy group in A or B may be converted to azido by activation and displacement e.g. under Mitsunobu conditions using hydrazoic acid or by treatment with diphenylphosphorylazide and base, and the azido group in turn maybe reduced to amino by hydrogenation.
• NR 2 'R 4 ' or halogen An example of a group Q 1 convertible to NR 2 R 4 is NR 2 'R 4 ' or halogen.
• Halogen may be displaced by an amine HNR 2 'R 4 ' by a conventional alkylation.
• Q 1 Q 2 together form a protected oxo group this may be an acetal such as ethylenedioxy which can subsequently be removed by acid treatment to give a compound of formula (VI):
• ketone of formula (VT) is reacted with an amine HNR 2 R 4 ' by conventional reductive alkylation as described above for process variant (x).
• Examples of groups Z 1 ', Z 2 ', Z 3 ', Z 4 ', Z 5 ' convertible to Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 and Z 5 include CR la ' where R la ' is a group convertible to R la .
• Z ', Z 2 ', Z 3 ', Z 4 ' and Z ⁇ ' are preferably Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 and Z$.
• R la ', R 1 ' and R 2 ' are preferably R la , R 1 and R 2 .
• R 1 ' is preferably methoxy.
• R 2 ' is preferably hydrogen.
• R 3 ' is R 3 or more preferably hydrogen, vinyl, alkoxycarbonyl or carboxy.
• R 4 ' is R 4 or more preferably H or an N-protecting group such as t- butoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl or 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl. Conversions of R 1 ', R 2 ', R 3 and R 4 ' and interconversions of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are conventional.
• suitable conventional hydroxy protecting groups which may be removed without disrupting the remainder of the molecule include acyl and alkylsilyl groups. N-protecting groups are removed by conventional methods. For example R ' methoxy is convertible to R 1 ' hydroxy by treatment with lithium and diphenylphosphine (general method described in Ireland et al, J. Amer. Chem. Soc, 1973, 7829) or HBr.
• R 3 alkenyl is convertible to hydroxyalkyl by hydroboration using a suitable reagent such as 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, epoxidation and reduction or oxymercuration.
• R 3 1,2-dihydroxyalkyl can be prepared from R 3 ' alkenyl using osmium tetroxide or other reagents well known to those skilled in the art (see Advanced Organic Chemistry, Ed. March, J., John Wiley and Sons, 1985, p 732-737 and refs. cited therein) or epoxidation followed by hydrolysis (see Advanced Organic Chemistry, Ed. March, J. John Wiley and Sons, 1985, p 332,333 and refs. cited therein).
• R 3 vinyl can be chain extended by standard homologation, e.g. by conversion to hydroxyethyl followed by oxidation to the aldehyde, which is then subjected to a Wittig reaction.
• Opening an epoxide-containing R 3 ' group with azide anion yields an azide derivative which can be reduced to the amine. Conversion of the amine to a carbamate is followed by ring closure with base to give the 2-oxo-oxazolidinyl containing R 3 group.
• Substituted 2-oxo-oxazolidinyl containing R 3 groups may be prepared from the corresponding aldehyde by conventional reaction with a glycine anion equivalent, followed by cyclisation of the resulting amino alcohol (M. Grauert et al, Ann. Chem., 1985, 1817; Rozenberg et al, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl, 1994, 33(1), 91).
• the resulting 2-oxo-oxazolidinyl group contains a carboxy group which can be converted to other R 1 ⁇ groups by standard procedures.
• Carboxy groups within R 3 may be prepared by Jones' oxidation of the corresponding alcohols CH2OH using chromium acid and sulphuric acid in water/methanol (E.R.H. Jones et al, J. Chem. Soc, 1946, 39).
• Other oxidising agents may be used for this transforrnation such as sodium periodate catalysed by ruthenium trichloride (G.F. Tutwiler et al, J Med. Chem., 1987, 30(6), 1094), chromium rrioxide- pyridine (G.
• the carboxy group may alternatively be formed in a two stage process, with an initial oxidation of the alcohol to the corresponding aldehyde using for instance dimethyl sulphoxide activated with oxalyl chloride (N.Cohen et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1983, 105, 3661) or dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (RM.Wengler, Angew. Chim. Int. Ed. Eng., 1985, 24(2), 77), or oxidation with tetrapropylammonium perruthenate (Ley et al, J. Chem.Soc Chem Commun., 1987, 1625).
• dimethyl sulphoxide activated with oxalyl chloride N.Cohen et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1983, 105, 3661
• dicyclohexylcarbodiimide RM.Wengler, Angew. Chim. Int. Ed. Eng.,
• the aldehyde may then be separately oxidised to the corresponding acid using oxidising agents such as silver (H) oxide (R.Grigg et al, J. Chem. Soc. Perkinl,1983, 1929), potassium permanganate (A.Zurcher, Helv. Chim.
• oxidising agents such as silver (H) oxide (R.Grigg et al, J. Chem. Soc. Perkinl,1983, 1929), potassium permanganate (A.Zurcher, Helv. Chim.
• R 3 CO2H group may also be prepared from oxidaxive cleavage of the corresponding diol, CH(OH)CH2OH, using sodium periodate catalysed by ruthenium trichloride with an acetontrile-carbontetrachloride-water solvent system (V.S.Martin et al,
• R 3 groups containing a cyano or carboxy group may also be prepared by conversion of an alcohol to a suitable leaving group such as the corresponding tosylate by reaction with para-toluenesulphonyl chloride (M.R. Bell, J. Med. Chem.,1970, 13, 389), or the iodide using triphenylphosphine, iodine, and imidazole (G. Lange, Synth.
• R 3 cis or trans hydroxy may be introduced by the methods of van Deale et al,
• a suitable method converts N-protected tetrahydropyridine to the epoxide by treatment with metachloroperbenzoic acid, followed by opening of the epoxide with a suitable amine NR 'R 4 '.
• R 3 may be obtained by conventional conversions of hydroxy, carboxy or cyano groups.
• Tetrazoles are conveniently prepared by reaction of sodium azide with the cyano group (e.g. F. Thomas et al, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1996, 6(6), 631; K. Kubo et al, J. Med. Chem., 1993, 36, 2182) or by reaction of azidotri-n-butyl stannane with the cyano group followed by acidic hydrolysis (P.L. Ornstein, J. Org. Chem., 1994, 59, 7682 and J.
• the 3-hydroxy-3-cyclobutene-l,2-dion-4-yl group e.g. R.M. Soil, Bioorg. Med.
• the tetrazol-5-ylaminocarbonyl group may be prepared from the corresponding carboxylic acid and 2-aminotetrazole by dehydration with standard peptide coupling agents such as l,l'-carbonyldiimidazole (P.L. Ornstein et al, J. Med Chem, 1996, 39(11), 2232).
• alkyl- and alkenyl-sulphonylcarboxamides are similarly prepared from the corresponding carboxylic acid and the alkyl- or alkenyl-sulphonamide by dehydration with standard peptide coupling agents such as l,l'-carbonyldiimidazole (P.L. Ornstein et al, J. Med. Chem., 1996, 39(11), 2232).
• hydroxamic acid groups are prepared from the corresponding acids by standard amide coupling reactions e.g. N.R. Patel et al, Tetrahedron, 1987, 43(22), 5375.
• 2,4-Thiazolidinedione groups may prepared from the aldehydes by condensation with 2,4-thiazolidinedione and subsequent removal of the olefinic double bond by hydrogenation.
• R 3 alkyl or alkenyl may be interconverted by conventional methods, for example hydroxy may be derivatised by esterification, acylation or etherification. Hydroxy groups may be converted to halogen, thiol, alkylthio, azido, alkylcarbonyl, amino, aminocarbonyl, oxo, alkylsulphonyl, alkenylsulphonyl or aminosulphonyl by conversion to a leaving group and substitution by the required group or oxidation as appropriate or reaction with an activated acid, isocyanate or alkoxyisocyanate.
• Primary and secondary hydroxy groups can be oxidised to an aldehyde or ketone respectively and alkylated with a suitable agent such as an organometallic reagent to give a secondary or tertiary alcohol as appropriate.
• a carboxylate group may be converted to an hydroxymethyl group by reduction of an ester of this acid with a suitable reducing agent such as lithium aluminium hydride.
• An NH2 substituent on piperidine is converted to NR 2 R 4 by conventional means such as amide or sulphonamide formation with an acyl derivative R ⁇ COW or R ⁇ SO2W, for compounds where U is CO or SO2 or, where U is CH2, by alkylation with an alkyl halide R ⁇ C ⁇ -halide in the presence of base, acylation/reduction with an acyl derivative R ⁇ COW or reductive alkylation with an aldehyde R ⁇ CHO.
• R 3 and R ⁇ , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 contains a carboxy group and the other contains a hydroxy or amino group they may together form a cyclic ester or amide linkage. This linkage may form spontaneously during coupling of the compound of fo ⁇ nula (IV) and the piperidine moiety or in the presence of standard peptide coupling agents.
• Compounds of formulae (IV) and (V) are known compounds, (see for example Smith et al, J. Amer. Chem. Soc, 1946, 68, 1301) or prepared analogously.
• Compounds of formula (IN) where X is CR°R 7 SO2W may be prepared by a route analogous to that of Ahmed El Hadri et al, J. Heterocyclic Chem., 1993, 30(3), 631.
• compounds of formula (IN) where X is CH2SO2OH may be prepared by reacting the corresponding 4-methyl compound with ⁇ -bromosuccinimide, followed by treatment with sodium sulfite.
• the leaving group W may be converted to another leaving group W, e.g. a halogen group, by conventional methods.
• the isocyanate of fo ⁇ nula (IV) may be prepared conventionally from a 4-amino derivative such as 4-amino-quinoline, and phosgene, or phosgene equivalent (eg triphosgene) or it may be prepared more conveniently from a 4-carboxylic acid by a "one- pot" Curtius Reaction with diphenyl phosphoryl azide (DPP A) [see T. Shiori et al. Chem. Pharm. Bull 35, 2698-2704 (1987)].
• DPP A diphenyl phosphoryl azide
• the 4-amino derivatives are commercially available or may be prepared by conventional procedures from a corresponding 4-chloro or 4-trifluoromethanesulphonate derivative by treatment with ammonia (O.G. Backeberg et. al., J. Chem Soc, 381, 1942) or propylamine hydrochloride (R. Radinov et. al., Synthesis, 886, 1986).
• 4- Alkenyl compounds of formula (IV) may be prepared by conventional procedures from a corresponding 4-halogeno-derivative by e.g. a Heck synthesis as described in e.g. Organic Reactions, 1982, 27, 345.
• 4-Halogeno derivatives of compounds of formula (IN) are commercially available, or may be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art.
• a 4-chloroquinoline is prepared from the corresponding quinolin-4-one by reaction with phosphorus oxychloride (POCl 3 ) or phosphorus pentachloride, PC1 5 .
• a 4-chloroquinazoline is prepared from the corresponding quinazolin-4-one by reaction with phosphorus oxychloride (POCl 3 ) or phosphorus pentachloride, PC1 5 .
• a quinazolinone and quinazolines may be prepared by standard routes as described by T. A. Williamson in Heterocyclic Compounds, 6, 324 (1957) Ed. R.C. Elderfield.
• 4-Carboxy derivatives of compounds of formula (IN) are commercially available or may be prepared by conventional procedures for preparation of carboxy heteroaromatics well known to those skilled in the art.
• quinazolines may be prepared by standard routes as described by T. A. Williamson in Heterocyclic Compounds, 6, 324 (1957) Ed. R.C. Elderfield.
• These 4-carboxy derivatives may be activated by conventional means, e.g. by conversion to an acyl halide or anhydride.
• Pyridazines may be prepared by routes analogous to those described in
• a 4-oxirane derivative of compounds of formula (IN) is conveniently prepared from the 4-carboxylic acid by first conversion to the acid chloride with oxalyl chloride and then reaction with trimethylsilyldiazomethane to give the diazoketone derivative. Subsequent reaction with 5M hydrochloric acid gives the chloromethylketone. Reduction with sodium borohydride in aqueous methanol gives the chlorohydrin which undergoes ring closure to afford the epoxide on treatment with base, e.g. potassium hydroxide in ethanol-tetrahydrofuran.
• 4-oxirane derivatives can be prepared from bromomethyl ketones which can be obtained from 4-hydroxy compounds by other routes well known to those skilled in he art.
• hydroxy compounds can be converted to the corresponding 4-trifluoromethanesulphonates by reaction with trifluoromethanesulphonic anhydride under standard conditions (see K. Ritter, Synthesis, 1993, 735).
• Conversion into the corresponding butyloxyvinyl ethers can be achieved by a Heck reaction with butyl vinyl ether under palladium catalysis according to the procedure of W. Cabri et al, J. Org. Chem, 1992, 57 (5), 1481.
• the 4-hydroxyderivatives can be prepared from an aminoaromatic by reaction with methylpropiolate and subsequent cyclisation, analogous to the method described in N. E. Heindel et al, J. Het. Chem., 1969, 6, 77.
• 5-amino-2-methoxy pyridine can be converted to 4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-[l,5]naphthyridine using this method.
• the (R -e ⁇ oxide when reacted with a piperidine derivative gives ethanolamine compounds as single diastereomers with (R)-stereochemistry at the benzylic position.
• the epoxide may be prepared from the 4-carboxaldehyde by a Wittig approach using trimethylsulfonium iodide [see G.A. Epling and K-Y Lin, J. Het. Chem., 1987, 24, 853-857], or by epoxidation of a 4- vinyl derivative.
• 4-Hydroxy-l,5-na ⁇ hthyridines can be prepared from 3-aminopyridine derivatives by reaction with diethyl ethoxymethylene malonate to produce the 4-hydroxy-3- carboxylic acid ester derivative with subsequent hydrolysis to the acid, followed by thermal decarboxylation in quinoline (as for example described for 4-Hydroxy- [l,5]naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid, J. T. Adams et al, JAmer.Chem.Soc, 1946, 68, 1317).
• a 4-hydroxy-[l,5]naphthyridine can be converted to the 4-chloro derivative by heating in phosphorus oxychloride, or to the 4-methanesul ⁇ honyloxy or 4- trifluoromethanesulphonyloxy derivative by reaction with methanesulphonyl chloride or trifluoromethanesulphonic anhydride, respectively, in the presence of an organic base.
• a 4-amino 1,5-naphthyridine can be obtained from the 4-chloro derivative by reaction with n-propylamine in pyridine.
• 6-methoxy- 1,5-naphthyridine derivatives can be prepared from 3-amino-6- methoxypyridine.
• 1,5-Naphthyridines may be prepared by other methods well known to those skilled in the art (for examples see P.A. Lowe in “Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry” Volume 2, p581-627, Ed A.R. Katritzky and C.W. Rees, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1984).
• the 4-hydroxy and 4-amino-cinnolines may be prepared following methods well known to those skilled in the art [see A.R. Osborn and K. Schofield, J. Chem. Soc. 2100 (1955)].
• a 2-aminoacetopheneone is diazotised with sodium nitrite and acid to produce the 4-hydroxycinnoline with conversion to chloro and amino derivatives as described for 1,5-naphthyridines.
• suitable amines may be prepared from the corresponding 4-substituted piperidine acid or alcohol.
• an N-protected piperidine containing an acid bearing substituent can undergo a Curtius rearrangement and the intermediate isocyanate can be converted to a carbamate by reaction with an alcohol. Conversion to the amine may be achieved by standard methods well known to those skilled in the art used for amine protecting group removal.
• an acid substituted N-protected piperidine can undergo a Curtius rearrangement e.g.
• an N-protected piperidine containing an alcohol bearing substituent undergoes a Mitsunobu reaction (for example as reviewed in Mitsunobu, Synthesis, (1981), 1), for example with succinimide in the presence of diethyl azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine to give the phthalimidoethylpiperidine.
• a Mitsunobu reaction for example as reviewed in Mitsunobu, Synthesis, (1981), 1
• succinimide in the presence of diethyl azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine to give the phthalimidoethylpiperidine.
• Diethyl azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine to give the phthalimidoethylpiperidine.
• Removal of the phthaloyl group for example by treatment with methylhydrazine, gives the amine of formula (V).
• the ' aldehydes may be prepared by partial reduction of the R ⁇ -ester with lithium aluminium hydride or di- isobutylaluminium hydride or more preferably by reduction to the alcohol, with lithium aluminium hydride or sodium borohydride or lithium triethylborohydride (see Reductions by the Alumino- and Borohydrides in Organic Synthesis, 2nd ed., Wiley, N.Y., 1997; JOC, 3197, 1984; Org. Synth.
• the aldehydes may also be prepared from carboxylic acids in two stages by conversion to a mixed carbonate for example by reaction with isobutyl chloroformate followed by reduction with sodium borohydride (R. J.
• R ⁇ COW may be prepared by activation of the R ⁇ -ester.
• R ⁇ CH2-halides such as bromides maybe prepared from the alcohol R ⁇ C ⁇ OH by reaction with phosphorus tribromide in DCM/triethylamine.
• aldehyde R ⁇ CHO and sulphonic acid derivative R ⁇ SO2W may be generated by treatment of the R ⁇ H heterocycle with suitable reagents.
• suitable reagents for example benzoxazinones, or more preferably their N-methylated derivatives can be formylated with hexamine in either trifluoroacetic acid or methanesulfonic acid, in a modified Duff procedure [O. I. Petrov et al. Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 62, 494-497 (1997)].
• 4- Methyl-4H-benzo[l,4]oxazin-3-one may also be formylated using dichloromethyl methyl ether and aluminium chloride giving exclusively the 6-formyl derivative.
• R ⁇ trifluoromethane sulphonyloxy derivative into an olefin with subsequent oxidative cleavage by standard methods.
• reaction of a bromo derivative under palladium catalysis with trans-2-phenylboronic acid under palladium catalysis affords a styrene derivative which upon ozonolysis affords the required R ⁇ CHO (Stephenson, G. R., Adv. Asymmetric Synth. (1996), 275-298. Publisher: Chapman & Hall, London).
• R5 heterocycles are commercially available or may be prepared by conventional methods.
• a nitrophenol may be alkylated with for example ethyl bromoacetate and the resulting nitro ester reduced with Fe in acetic acid (alternatively Zn/AcOH/HCl or H 2 Pd/C or H 2 Raney Ni). The resulting amine will undergo spontaneous cyclisation to the required benzoxazinone.
• a nitrophenol may be reduced to the aminophenol, which is reacted with chloroacetyl chloride [method of X. Huang and C. Chan, Synthesis 851 (1994)] or ethyl bromoacetate in DMSO [method of Z. Moussavi et al. Eur. J. Med. Chim.
• Ortho- aminothi phenols may be conveniently prepared and reacted as their zinc complexes [see for example V. Taneja et al Chem. Ind. 187 (1984)].
• Benzoxazolones may be prepared from the corresponding aminophenol by reaction with carbonyl diimidazole, phosgene ot triphosgene. Reaction of benzoxazolones with diphosporus pentasulfide affords the conesponding 2-thione.
• Thiazines and oxazines can be prepared by reduction of the conesponding thiazinone or oxazinone with a reducing agent such as lithium aluminium hydride.
• amines R 2 'R 4 'NH are available commercially or prepared conventionally.
• amines R ⁇ CH2NH2 may be prepared from a bromomethyl derivative by reaction with sodium azide in dimethylformamide (DMF), followed by hydrogenation of the azidomethyl derivative over palladium-carbon.
• DMF dimethylformamide
• An alternative method is to use potassium phthalimide/DMF to give the phthalimidomethyl derivative, followed by reaction with hydrazine in DCM to liberate the primary amine.
• the compounds of formula (I) may be prepared singly or as compound libraries comprising at least 2, for example 5 to 1,000 compounds, and more preferably 10 to 100 compounds of formula (I).
• Libraries of compounds of formula (I) may be prepared by a combinatorial "split and mix” approach or by multiple parallel synthesis using either solution phase or solid phase chemistry, by procedures known to those skilled in the art.
• a compound library comprising at least 2 compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof.
• Novel intermediates of formulae (IV) and (V) are also part of this invention.
• antibacterial compounds according to the invention may be formulated for administration in any convenient way for use in human or veterinary medicine, by analogy with other antibacterials.
• compositions of the invention include those in a form adapted for oral, topical or parenteral use and may be used for the treatment of bacterial infection in mammals including humans.
• compositions may be formulated for administration by any route.
• the compositions may be in the form of tablets, capsules, powders, granules, lozenges, creams or liquid preparations, such as oral or sterile parenteral solutions or suspensions.
• topical formulations of the present invention maybe presented as, for instance, ointments, creams or lotions, eye ointments and eye or ear drops, impregnated dressings and aerosols, and may contain appropriate conventional additives such as preservatives, solvents to assist drug penetration and emollients in ointments and creams.
• the formulations may also contain compatible conventional carriers, such as cream or ointment bases and ethanol or oleyl alcohol for lotions.
• suitable conventional carriers such as cream or ointment bases and ethanol or oleyl alcohol for lotions.
• Such carriers may be present as from about 1% up to about 98% of the formulation. More usually they will form up to about 80% of the formulation.
• Tablets and capsules for oral administration may be in unit dose presentation form, and may contain conventional excipients such as binding agents, for example syrup, acacia, gelatin, sorbitol, tragacanth, or polyvinylpynohdone; fillers, for example lactose, sugar, maize-starch, calcium phosphate, sorbitol or glycine; tabletting lubricants, for example magnesium stearate, talc, polyethylene glycol or silica; disintegrants, for example potato starch; or acceptable wetting agents such as sodium lauryl sulphate.
• the tablets may be coated according to methods well known in normal pharmaceutical practice.
• Oral liquid preparations may be in the form of, for example, aqueous or oily suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups or elixirs, or may be presented as a dry product for reconstitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use.
• Such liquid preparations may contain conventional additives, such as suspending agents, for example sorbitol, methyl cellulose, glucose syrup, gelatin, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, aluminium stearate gel or hydrogenated edible fats, emulsifying agents, for example lecithin, sorbitan monooleate, or acacia; non-aqueous vehicles (which may include edible oils), for example almond oil, oily esters such as glycerine, propylene glycol, or ethyl alcohol; preservatives, for example methyl or propyl /?-hydroxybenzoate or sorbic acid, and, if desired, conventional flavouring or colouring agents.
• Suppositories will contain conventional suppository bases, e.g. cocoa-butter or other glyceride.
• fluid unit dosage forms are prepared utilizing the compound and a sterile vehicle, water being prefened.
• the compound depending on the vehicle and concentration used, can be either suspended or dissolved in the vehicle.
• the compound can be dissolved in water for injection and filter sterilised before filling into a suitable vial or ampoule and sealing.
• agents such as a local anaesthetic, preservative and buffering agents can be dissolved in the vehicle.
• the composition can be frozen after filling into the vial and the water removed under vacuum.
• the dry lyophihzed powder is then sealed in the vial and an accompanying vial of water for injection may be supplied to reconstitute the liquid prior to use.
• Parenteral suspensions are prepared in substantially the same manner except that the compound is suspended in the vehicle instead of being dissolved and sterilization cannot be accomplished by filtration.
• the compound can be sterilised by exposure to ethylene oxide before suspending in the sterile vehicle.
• a surfactant or wetting agent is included in the composition to facilitate uniform distribution of the compound.
• compositions may contain from 0.1% by weight, preferably from 10-60% by weight, of the active material, depending on the method of administration. Where the compositions comprise dosage units, each unit will preferably contain from 50-500 mg of the active ingredient.
• the dosage as employed for adult human treatment will preferably range from 100 to 3000 mg per day, for instance 1500 mg per day depending on the route and frequency of administration. Such a dosage conesponds to 1.5 to 50 mg/kg per day. Suitably the dosage is from 5 to 20 mg/kg per day.
• the compound of formula (I) maybe the sole therapeutic agent in the compositions of the invention or a combination with other antibacterials. If the other antibacterial is a ⁇ -lactam then a ⁇ -lactamase inhibitor may also be employed.
• APCI+ Atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spec
• the title compound was prepared by modification of the procedure described by W.E. Doering and J.D. Chanley, J. Amer. Chem. Soc, 1946, 68, 586.
• a mixture of quinone (derived from quinine by reaction with potassium tert-butoxide and benzophenone in toluene) (225 g, 0.70 mol), tert-butanol (1 litre) and water (10 ml) was treated with potassium t-butoxide (170 g, 1.5 mol).
• the mixture was stined at 30°C, while air was bubbled through for 3 days.
• the mixture was diluted with diethyl ether and water and the layers separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate.
• the tert-butoxycarbonylamino compound (lc) (11.11 g, 27.7 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (30 mL), cooled in ice and treated with trifluoroacetic acid (30 mL). The solution was stined at room temperature for 1.5 hours, then evaporated in vacuo. After addition of toluene (50mL) and re-evaporation, the residue was treated with a 4M solution of hydrogen chloride in 1,4-dioxan (30 mL). The resulting solid was triturated, filtered off and washed with ether.
• the title compound was prepared in the same manner as Example 1 using benzo[l,3]dioxole-5-carboxaldehyde as the aldehyde component.
• the crude reaction mixture was purified by chromatography on silica gel using a methanol and dichloromethane gradient to afford the free base of the title product as a colourless oil (48 mg, 33%).
• the title compound was prepare in the same manner as Example 1 using difluoro-benzo[l,3]dioxole-5-carboxaldehyde as the aldehyde component.
• the crude reaction mixture was purified by chromatography on silica gel using a methanol and dichloromethane gradient to afford the free base of the title product as a colourless oil
• the dioxalate salt was prepared by the same method as for Example 1.
• the dioxalate salt was prepared by the same method as for Example 1.
• 3-Pxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[l,4]thiazine-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester (6.74 g) was suspended in tetrahydrofuran (100 ml) and 2M sodium hydroxide (30 ml) was added followed by water (20 ml). The solution was stined for 2.5 hours, evaporated to half volume and acidified with 2M hydrochloric acid. The product was collected, washed with water and dried in vacuo, to give a white solid (6.2 g).
• the tert-butoxycarbonylamino compound (7b) (3.88 g, 9.7 mmol) was treated with trifluoroacetic acid and hydrogen chloride (4M in dioxan) as described in Example (Id).
• the crude hydrochloride was dissolved in water and washed twice with dichloromethane, basified to pH 9 and evaporated to dryness. Extraction with 10% methanol/ dichloromethane gave the free base (3.45g).
• the oxalate salt was prepared by a similar method as for Example 1.
• the title compound was prepared in the same manner as Example 1 using 6- chloro-benzo[l,3]dioxole-5-carboxaldehyde as the aldehyde component.
• the crude reaction mixture was purified by chromatography on silica gel using a methanol and dichloromethane gradient to afford the free base of the desired product as a colourless oil (48 mg, 31%).
• Amine (Id) (127 mg, 0.44 mmol), carboxylic acid (12a) (76 mg, 0.44 mmol) and O-(7-azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-N ) N,N',N-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (160mg, 0.44mmol) were dissolved in ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylformamide (5 ml). To this solution triethylamine (0.12 ml, 0.44 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stined at room temperature for lOhours after which time the volatiles were removed in vacuo.
• the title compound was prepared in the same manner as Example 1 using 6-nitro- benzo[l,3]dioxole-5-carboxaldehyde as the aldehyde component.
• the crude reaction mixture was purified by chromatography on silica gel using a methanol and dichloromethane gradient to afford the free base of the title product as a colourless oil (120 mg, 40%).
• the ester (20b) (2.8 g) was hydrolysed with aqueous sodium hydroxide in tetrahydrofuran by the method of Example (6a) to afford a solid (2.5 g).
• the alcohol (20d) (1.22 g) was oxidised with manganese dioxide by the method of
• the dioxalate salt was prepared by the same method as for Example 1.
• Example 27 6-[( ⁇ (3S,4S)-3-Hydroxy-l-[(R)-2-hydroxy-2-(6-methoxyqumoIin-4-yl)- ethyl]piperidin-4-ylamino ⁇ methyl)-4H-benzo[l,4]thiazin-3-one and 6-[( ⁇ (3R,4R)-3- Hydroxy-l-[(R)-2-hydroxy-2-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)-ethyl]piperidin-4- ylamino ⁇ methyl)-4H-benzo[l,4]thiazin-3-one
• This mixture of regioisomers was chromatographed (preparative HPLC) on Lichrosphere silica gel 60 A; 12 u, 100 mm ID x 250 mm L; 70:30:0.5 hexanes:THF:diethylamine; 500 mL/min; uv detection 254 nm; 4.5 g mixture per injection.
• the resulting slurry was stined at room temperature for a further 10 hr, then was quenched by the addition of water (2 mL) and the volatiles were removed in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc (2 x 20 mL) and brine (5 mL). The organic phases were combined, dried (MgSO4), and concentrated in vacuo. • The resulting oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (gradient: 0-10% MeOH ⁇ ITLjCPj) to afford the title compound (35 mg, 35%) as a colorless oil.
• Example 36 7-Fluoro-6- ⁇ l-[(R)-2-hydroxy-2-(6-methoxyquinolin-4- yl)ethyl]piperidin-4-ylamino ⁇ methyI ⁇ -4H-benzo[l,4]thiazin-3-one, monotrifluoroacetate
• Example 100-108 were prepared from the conesponding carboxaldehyde , which were prepared from commercially available starting materials by standard methods, by analogous methods to Example 1.
• Example 109 was prepared from Example 18 by hydrogenation over Pd on carbon.
• Examples 150 and 151 were prepared by analogous methods to Example 7, using the carboxaldehydes 5b and 14a.
• Example 180 was prepared from 6-trifluoromethoxy-quinolin-4-ylamine (prepared from 4-trifluoromethoxyaniline by addition to methyl propiolate, cyclisation in refluxing Dowtherm, reaction with trifluoromethane sulfonic anhydride and heating with n- propylamine) by the method of Example 7b-d.
• Example 181 was prepared from aldehyde 14a and [3-(4-amino-quinolin-6-yloxy)-propyl]-carbamic acid benzyl ester (prepared from Example (la) by cleavage of the methyl ether to the conesponding phenol with concentrated hydrobromic acid, esterification using concentrated hydrochloric acid/methanol, alkylation of the phenol with (3-bromo-propyl)-carbamic acid benzyl ester using potassium carbonate in N,N-dimethylformamide, hydrolysis of the methyl ester to the conesponding acid with aqueous sodium hydroxide, Curtius reanangement of the acid with diphenylphosphoryl azide in tert-butanol to give [6-(3-benzyloxycarbonylamino- propoxy)-quinolin-4-yl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester then standard treatment with trifluoroacetic acid) by the method
• Free base of the title compound was prepared by the method of Example 189 using 4-amino-l-[(R)-2-hydroxy-2-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)ethyl]piperidme (Id) and 7- bromo-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[3,2-b][l,4]thiazine-6-carboxylic acid (33c) (32%).
• Free base of the title compound was prepared by the method of Example 189 using 4-amino-l-[(R)-2-hydroxy-2-(6-methoxy[l,5]naphthyridin-4-yl)ethyl]piperidine (2f) and 7-bromo-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[3,2-b][l,4]thiazine-6-carboxylic acid (33c) (27%).
• Example 190 was prepared from 5-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-thiazolo[3,2- a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid by the method of Example 12b.
• Examples 191 and 192 were prepared by analogous methods from the acids 6a and 2,2- difluorobenzo[l,3]dioxole-5-carboxylic acid.
• Examples 200-204 were prepared by analogous methods to Example 15, but Example 204 used amine Example 2f.
• Examples 1-4, 6-10, 16,18,19, 22-40, 186-189 have an MIC of less than or equal to 0.125 ⁇ g/ml; 5, 11-15, 17, 20, 21, 101, 102, 105, 106, 109-110, 191, 192, 203, 204 have an MIC of less than or equal to 2 ⁇ g/ml; 100, 103, 104, 107, 111-113, 150, 190, 200-202 have an MIC less than or equal to 32 ⁇ g/ml against one or more of the above range of gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

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