WO2002029178A1 - Stützkonstruktion bzw. schalung - Google Patents
Stützkonstruktion bzw. schalung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002029178A1 WO2002029178A1 PCT/AT2001/000314 AT0100314W WO0229178A1 WO 2002029178 A1 WO2002029178 A1 WO 2002029178A1 AT 0100314 W AT0100314 W AT 0100314W WO 0229178 A1 WO0229178 A1 WO 0229178A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- composite material
- support structure
- formwork
- basic elements
- elements
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G17/00—Connecting or other auxiliary members for forms, falsework structures, or shutterings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
- E04G11/04—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for structures of spherical, spheroid or similar shape, or for cupola structures of circular or polygonal horizontal or vertical section; Inflatable forms
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
- E04G9/08—Forming boards or similar elements, which are collapsible, foldable, or able to be rolled up
Definitions
- the invention relates to a support structure or formwork for the production of spatially curved wall, floor or ceiling elements and a method for erecting a support structure or formwork.
- Formwork and support systems for the production of freely shaped surfaces for the construction industry are usually only very complex and expensive to manufacture. Particularly in the case of formwork systems for the production of self-supporting domes, arches or roof surfaces, which have to transmit large tensile and compressive forces when applying reinforced concrete, complex supports or sliding formwork systems are required. Slipform systems, such as those used for example in tunnel construction, are not suitable for the production of any freely shaped surfaces, so that their use is restricted to structures that have the same profile (e.g. tunnel profile) along one axis.
- a formwork element for double-wall elements which has rod-shaped elements with an alternating triangular and square cross-section, with adjacent elements being connected on both sides with a fabric.
- the formwork element is designed in such a way that it can be easily removed from the space between two flat wall elements, since the rod-shaped elements arranged between two flat cover plates and from a folded position can be brought into an extended position, thereby increasing the thickness or height the formwork element is reduced. Due to the two flat cover plates, however, no spatially curved wall elements can be produced with such a formwork element.
- a composite material consisting of rigid, essentially flat basic elements, which have the shape of a polygon, preferably a triangle or quadrangle, with adjacent edges of the basic elements being articulated.
- edges of the basic elements are joined with a joint adapted to the local curvature and possibly to the global structure of the wall, floor or ceiling element to be produced, the articulated connection being made by a flexible membrane or by a textile Fabric is made that bridges the gap between the edges of the basic elements.
- the composite material can thus initially be laid out flat on the construction site and only takes up the desired spatial shape of the component or component to be erected by selective or linear lifting or support.
- the composite material is stabilized by joint closure and transmits normal forces (pressure and tension) in the axial direction of the plate, so that a stable installation condition is achieved.
- the material verbünd is suitable for the production of all curved surfaces in the construction industry.
- Suitable materials for the flat basic elements are all compression and bending resistant materials, preferably compressed or non-compressed plywood, e.g. veneer plywood or middle plywood, extruded hard foam panels, preferably with double-sided fabric reinforcement or so-called honeycomb core panels (honeycomb), which are covered on both sides with veneer plywood.
- Technical felts or fabrics made of organic or inorganic fibers, for example polyester, glass, carbon or aramid fibers, are suitable as textile fabrics on one or both sides.
- Plastic sheets or thin metal strips made of aluminum, copper etc. can be used as flexible membranes that bridge the joints between the basic elements. Particularly when using sheets made of extruded hard foam, an extremely light material composite (approx.
- the flat basic elements can be glued onto a textile fabric, preferably with the aid of a thermosetting adhesive.
- the textile fabric is applied at least on the convex side or in convex areas of the formwork or support structure, but can also be done on both sides, in particular when constructing components that are curved in opposite directions.
- the desired spatial shape is established by lifting or supporting the composite material.
- the predetermined joint cross-section or joint distance to the neighboring basic element defines the shape of the local curvature.
- the overall system stabilizes through joint closure.
- the stabilized material composite can now be processed in a further work step, for example with wood, preferably board or plate material, or reinforced with reinforced concrete, preferably in-situ or shotcrete.
- the individual elements of the composite material or the desired shapes of the stabilized composite material to be erected are calculated on the basis of the shape-finding principles of low-stress, thin-walled surfaces.
- computer-assisted modeling methods e.g. finite element methods
- finite element methods can be used to generate the shapes.
- Another advantage of the present invention lies in the fact that for many solutions to problems in the outer dimensions, similar basic elements can be put together to form a material composite.
- Both the shape of the basic elements for example equilateral and / or right-angled triangles, squares or rectangles
- their optimal size which is dependent on the maximum occurring radius of curvature, are calculated using the computer-aided form-finding principle.
- the optimal joint or the play between the individual basic elements is calculated, which can be designed differently in terms of location to produce an optimal joint closure.
- the shape of the cross section of the joint between the basic elements for example by changing the joint width and / or by chamfering the edges and / or by inserting spacer or wedge elements, to the local curvature of the wall to be produced -, floor or ceiling element is adapted. Furthermore, the cutting angle of the edges can be varied along their course.
- the support structure or formwork according to the invention can either be removed after erection of the component or form a permanent part of the component.
- a reinforcement for the subsequent application of in-situ or shotcrete.
- the actual supporting structure can then remain on the structure, for example as thermal and / or sound insulation.
- extruded polystyrene rigid foam panels can be used as basic elements, which can serve both as thermal insulation material and as a plaster base for the interior design.
- the material composite is additionally stabilized by at least partially fixing the outer edge of the material composite to existing components or to the floor.
- the outer edge of the composite material can have anchoring elements, or edge elements can also be provided which differ in their outer shape from that of the basic elements.
- FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a section of the support structure or formwork according to the invention for producing spatially curved wall, floor or ceiling elements
- FIGS. 2a and 2b each show a section through a support structure
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show a section 5 shows a three-dimensional representation of a further variant of a supporting structure or formwork
- FIGS. 5a and 5b details of the variant according to FIG. 5,
- FIGS. 6 to 8 variant embodiments for fixing the edges of individual areas of the supporting structure 9 to 13 design variants of the support structure or formwork in detail in each case in a sectional view
- FIGS. 14 to 18 three-dimensional representations of different design variants of the formwork or support structure according to the invention
- FIG. 19 the surface-level development of a formwork or support structure.
- the section shown in FIG. 1 from a support structure or formwork consists of a composite material 1 made of rigid, essentially flat, similar basic elements 2, which in the example shown have the cut shape of a right-angled, isosceles triangle and are applied to a textile fabric 3. Adjacent edges 5 and 5 'of the basic elements 2 are connected to one another in an articulated manner.
- 2 joints 4 are provided between the individual basic elements, which are bridged on the convex side or in convex areas of the formwork by a flexible membrane or a textile fabric 3.
- the basic elements for example made of plywood, can be applied extensively to the textile fabric 3 with an adhesive.
- the geometric cut shape and size of the basic elements 2, their thickness or the width and the cross-sectional shape of the joints 4 provided therebetween can be determined in accordance with the desired envelope surface geometry by computer-aided shape-finding programs, so that after the selective lifting respectively.
- Support of the composite material 1 sets the desired spatial shape according to FIG. 2b and is stabilized by joint closure.
- a further stabilization of the spatially curved formwork or support structure can be achieved, for example, by anchoring 6 the outer edge of the composite material 1 to existing components or on the floor 7, or by at least one tensioning element 19 (e.g. tension belt or tension cable).
- the shape of the material composite 1 stabilized by joint closure can be e.g. can be stiffened with a two-layer wooden formwork 8, 9. 3, the wooden formwork 8, 9 is attached to the convex side of the composite material 1, in FIG. 4, however, on the concave side.
- the wooden formwork can, for example, be the component to be erected itself or only serve as formwork for the application of a reinforced concrete layer, not shown here.
- FIG. 5 shows a three-dimensional view of a support structure or formwork according to the invention already stabilized in the desired spatial shape, the construction here being made from a plurality of individual areas 10 (each closed) (see FIGS. 5a and 5b).
- free areas 11 are provided between the individual areas 10 in the case of planing for assembly (see FIG. 5b on a reduced scale), so that after lifting or support at the support point 12, the individual areas 10 rest against the edges 13 and are fixed to one another can.
- the structure can be additionally fixed at edge points 14.
- the initially flat structure according to FIG. 5 b is lifted up during assembly in the support point 12 and fixed in the edge points 14.
- a spatial assembly stiffening state arises from the geometry of the base plates 2 and from the selected joint spacing or joint cross section between the individual base plates 2.
- the optimal shape now corresponds to the bend-free membrane or shell condition.
- a double-shell wooden formwork can now be applied to the material composite 1 by nailing or screwing (flexible composite) (see FIGS. 3 and 4).
- the composite material serves as lost formwork and becomes part of the overall load-bearing structure.
- reinforced concrete or fiber concrete to the construction according to FIG. 5 using the shotcrete method.
- composite 1 serve as formwork, which is subsequently removed.
- anchoring elements to appropriately connect the surface of the composite material 1 to the steel or fiber reinforced concrete, so that the composite material 1 also becomes part of the overall construction.
- the material composite 1 can - as already explained further above - be made from a wide variety of materials.
- material combinations such as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 are suitable for achieving extremely light material composites.
- the basic elements consist, for example, of extruded polystyrene rigid foam panels with fabric reinforcement on both sides, and the textile fabric 3 consists of a polyester fabric.
- the local radius of curvature is determined by the width and shape of the joint 4 and the thickness of the rigid foam panels. It is also possible that the shape of the cross section of the joint 4 between the basic elements 2 is adapted to the local curvature of the wall or floor element or ceiling element, for example by chamfering the edges 5, 5 'at a certain angle.
- a particularly light material composite can also be achieved by using panels with a honeycomb core (honeycomb) and a cover layer on both sides made of veneer plywood according to FIG. 11. Furthermore, it is possible - as shown in Fig. 12 - to produce hollow body shapes with compressed plywood (pressed wood), the edges of the compressed plywood being inclined and the joint 4 between the basic elements 2 having an opening angle ⁇ which closes when the support structure is erected.
- a reinforcement 18 can be provided on the composite material 1 for the in-situ or shotcrete to be applied.
- the support structure according to FIG. 14 shows a free crease shape, which can be used, for example, to produce a landfill seal or to fasten deep soils. It is usually not necessary to fix the outer edge of the composite material 1.
- 15 and 18 show formwork for tunnel-shaped structures with a continuously changing profile, whereby in the embodiment according to FIG. 18 triangular and square basic elements are used mixed.
- the edge fixation can be done by tensioning cables 19.
- 16 and 17 show formwork or support structures composed of several individual areas 10, for example for hall roofs.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01971463A EP1322825A1 (de) | 2000-10-06 | 2001-10-04 | Stützkonstruktion bzw. schalung |
AU2001291463A AU2001291463A1 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2001-10-04 | Support structure or formwork |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ATA1705/2000 | 2000-10-06 | ||
AT17052000A AT410342B (de) | 2000-10-06 | 2000-10-06 | Stützkonstruktion bzw. schalung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002029178A1 true WO2002029178A1 (de) | 2002-04-11 |
Family
ID=3688700
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AT2001/000314 WO2002029178A1 (de) | 2000-10-06 | 2001-10-04 | Stützkonstruktion bzw. schalung |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1322825A1 (de) |
AT (1) | AT410342B (de) |
AU (1) | AU2001291463A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002029178A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102008045760A1 (de) * | 2008-09-04 | 2010-03-18 | Sbp Gmbh | Modulares Bauelement für die Erstellung doppelt gekrümmter oder freier Tragwerksformen |
CN114673354A (zh) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-06-28 | 中建八局总承包建设有限公司 | 采用索网织物模板的复杂曲面混凝土薄壳结构的施工方法 |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1706553B1 (de) * | 2004-01-14 | 2008-04-23 | Austria Wirtschaftsservice Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Verfahren zur herstellung von zweifach gekrümmten schalen |
AT506902B1 (de) | 2008-05-19 | 2011-03-15 | Univ Wien Tech | Verfahren zur herstellung einer schale |
AT522655B1 (de) * | 2019-06-06 | 2022-12-15 | Tochev Ivan | Formelement, Anordnung des Formelements und Verfahren zur Bildung zumindest eines Teiles einer Schalung für ein Betonteil mit dem Formelement |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2730542A1 (de) * | 1977-07-06 | 1979-01-11 | Treif Ohg | Chalungsfugen-abdichtung |
DE8900768U1 (de) * | 1989-01-25 | 1989-08-17 | Gefinex GmbH, 4803 Steinhagen | Formstück für Bauwerksbögen, insbesondere für Türbögen |
GB2235235A (en) * | 1989-08-17 | 1991-02-27 | Dufaylite Dev Ltd | Forming structures in ground |
EP0641905A1 (de) * | 1993-09-07 | 1995-03-08 | SCHÖCK BAUTEILE GmbH | Zementgebundenes Schalbrett mit Sollknickstelle |
JPH10280677A (ja) | 1997-04-03 | 1998-10-20 | Dow Kakoh Kk | 二重壁用型枠のコア材、二重壁用型枠パネル、及び二重壁の施工方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR930174A (fr) * | 1946-07-03 | 1948-01-19 | Parquet amovible | |
DE3407055A1 (de) * | 1984-02-27 | 1985-08-29 | Verton & Wellensiek GmbH, 5300 Bonn | Parkettboden-verlegeeinheit |
DE3509859A1 (de) * | 1985-03-19 | 1986-09-25 | Heinrich Dipl.-Ing. 4030 Ratingen Schliephacke | Schalungselement zum einschalen von ecken |
DE3815624A1 (de) * | 1987-06-16 | 1988-12-29 | Hartmut Zimmermann | Belag aus auf einem verlegungsgrund aufgenommenen belagplatten |
-
2000
- 2000-10-06 AT AT17052000A patent/AT410342B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-10-04 EP EP01971463A patent/EP1322825A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-10-04 AU AU2001291463A patent/AU2001291463A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-10-04 WO PCT/AT2001/000314 patent/WO2002029178A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2730542A1 (de) * | 1977-07-06 | 1979-01-11 | Treif Ohg | Chalungsfugen-abdichtung |
DE8900768U1 (de) * | 1989-01-25 | 1989-08-17 | Gefinex GmbH, 4803 Steinhagen | Formstück für Bauwerksbögen, insbesondere für Türbögen |
GB2235235A (en) * | 1989-08-17 | 1991-02-27 | Dufaylite Dev Ltd | Forming structures in ground |
EP0641905A1 (de) * | 1993-09-07 | 1995-03-08 | SCHÖCK BAUTEILE GmbH | Zementgebundenes Schalbrett mit Sollknickstelle |
JPH10280677A (ja) | 1997-04-03 | 1998-10-20 | Dow Kakoh Kk | 二重壁用型枠のコア材、二重壁用型枠パネル、及び二重壁の施工方法 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102008045760A1 (de) * | 2008-09-04 | 2010-03-18 | Sbp Gmbh | Modulares Bauelement für die Erstellung doppelt gekrümmter oder freier Tragwerksformen |
CN114673354A (zh) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-06-28 | 中建八局总承包建设有限公司 | 采用索网织物模板的复杂曲面混凝土薄壳结构的施工方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATA17052000A (de) | 2002-01-15 |
AU2001291463A1 (en) | 2002-04-15 |
AT410342B (de) | 2003-03-25 |
EP1322825A1 (de) | 2003-07-02 |
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