WO2001073894A1 - Procede d'amelioration de la zone de couverture d'un reseau d'antennes intelligentes - Google Patents
Procede d'amelioration de la zone de couverture d'un reseau d'antennes intelligentes Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001073894A1 WO2001073894A1 PCT/CN2001/000017 CN0100017W WO0173894A1 WO 2001073894 A1 WO2001073894 A1 WO 2001073894A1 CN 0100017 W CN0100017 W CN 0100017W WO 0173894 A1 WO0173894 A1 WO 0173894A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a smart antenna array technology applied to a cellular mobile communication system, and more particularly, to a method capable of improving the coverage range of a smart antenna array.
- smart antenna arrays are generally equipped in wireless base stations.
- the smart antenna array must be able to transmit and receive signals with two shaped beams: one is a fixed shaped beam, and the other is a dynamic shaped beam.
- Fixed shaped beams such as omnidirectional, stripe, and fan-shaped beamforming methods, are mainly used to send omnidirectional information such as broadcasts and paging.
- Dynamic shaped beams are mainly used to track users and transfer user data and information. Order and other information to specific users.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of a cell distribution of a cellular mobile communication network.
- the coverage of the communication network is the first issue to be considered in the design.
- the smart antenna array of the wireless base station is designed at the center of the cell, as shown by the black dot 11 in the figure.
- Most of the cells have the coverage area of a perfect circle, as shown by the perfect circle 12 in the figure.
- some cells will require the coverage of an asymmetric circle, as shown by the asymmetric circle 13 in the figure, and have a bar shape.
- the coverage range is shown by the bar 14 in the figure.
- the power radiation pattern of an antenna array is determined by the geometrical arrangement of the antenna elements constituting the antenna array, the characteristics of each antenna element, and the phase and amplitude of the radiation level of each antenna element.
- designing an antenna array in order to ensure the universality of the design, it is generally performed in an ideal environment, which includes free space and normal equipment operation.
- the designed antenna array works in an actual cellular mobile communication system, because the antenna array is installed at different locations and locations, it is affected by factors such as surrounding ground features, landforms, and the height and arrangement of buildings. The actual power coverage must change.
- Figure 2 shows (may be part of Figure 1). Due to terrain and other factors, the mobile communication network The difference between the required coverage area 2 1 (circular circle) and the actual coverage area 2 2 (in the figure, 2 3 is the center of the cell). The actual coverage area can be obtained by field measurement. Since such a difference may occur in each cell, if the on-site adjustment is not performed, the actual coverage of the mobile communication network will become very poor. In addition, even when individual antenna units (including antennas, feeder cables, and radio frequency transceivers associated with them) in the antenna array do not work properly or the antenna array needs to be reconfigured due to network coverage requirements, the antenna array must also be covered. The range is adjusted in real time to meet the good cell coverage under the new requirements.
- the range is adjusted in real time to meet the good cell coverage under the new requirements.
- the smart antenna array On the basis of fixed beamforming for omnidirectional coverage of the cell, the smart antenna array is used to form a dynamic beamforming (dynamic directional radiation beam) of a single user terminal.
- a ( ⁇ ) represents the desired shape parameter of the shaped beam, that is, the required coverage, where ⁇ represents the polar coordinate angle of the observation point, and ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is the ⁇ direction at the same distance. Radiation intensity.
- N the number of antennas constituting the smart antenna array be N, where the position parameter of any antenna element ⁇ is D (n), its beamforming parameter is W (n), and its radiating power P with a directional angle ⁇ of ⁇ , That is, the coverage actually achieved is expressed as formula (2):
- the functional form of f (c)), D (n)) in Equation 2 is related to the type of the smart antenna array.
- the antenna array used includes a wired array and a circular array.
- a circular array is a special circular array (see Chinese patent 97202038.1, "Loop Smart Antenna Array for Wireless Communication Systems").
- a linear array is generally used, and in order to achieve omnidirectional coverage, a circular array is used.
- the present invention is described by taking a circular array as an example.
- the minimum variance algorithm can be used to minimize the variance ⁇ in formula (3):
- K is the number of sampling points when the approximation method is used, and C (i) is a weight. If the approximation requirements for some points are high, C (i) can be set higher, and on the contrary, it can be set smaller. When the approximation requirements for all points are consistent, C (i) is generally designed to be 1 .
- the optimal value of the transmit power of each antenna unit must be obtained within a limited range. Unless it can be directly solved by formula in special cases, it can only be done by the accuracy of W (n) selected and to be obtained. Exhaustive solution, and the calculation method using the exhaustive solution method is quite large and has an exponential relationship with the number of antenna elements N. Although the calculation amount can be reduced by gradually increasing the accuracy and reducing the evaluation range, but even Finding only the suboptimal value is still too computationally intensive.
- the smart antenna array includes: making the actual coverage of the antenna array close to the coverage area requirements required by the mobile communication network engineering design, and some antenna units in the smart antenna array can be adjusted immediately after being closed for some reason.
- the antenna radiation parameters of a normal working antenna unit are used to restore cell coverage as quickly as possible, and a method for improving the coverage of a smart antenna array is designed.
- the purpose of the present invention is to design a method for improving the coverage of a smart antenna array, which can be It is necessary to adjust the parameters of the antenna units constituting the antenna array so that the antenna array can achieve the specific beamforming required.
- the optimal value of the transmission power of each antenna unit can be quickly obtained within the limited range, and the local best effect can be obtained. .
- the method for improving coverage of a smart antenna array according to the present invention is a baseband digital signal processing method.
- the coverage area of a smart antenna array is changed by adjusting the parameters of each antenna in the smart antenna array (excluding antennas that are turned off for some reason). Size and shape, and make it obtain the local best effect in accordance with the requirements under the principle of minimum variance.
- the specific adjustment plan is: According to the parameters of the size and shape of the coverage area required by the mobile communication network engineering design and the difference between the actual cell coverage, the stepwise approximation method is used to adjust the antenna radiation parameters based on the principle of minimum variance. The actual coverage of the antenna array is approximated to the required requirements under locally optimal conditions.
- a method for improving coverage of a smart antenna array according to the present invention is to adjust the n-beam forming parameter W ( ⁇ ) of each antenna element constituting the N antenna array according to actual conditions, and further includes:
- B Set an initial value of the beamforming parameter for each antenna element n of the N antenna array to form a set of initial values W (n).
- N The initial value of a set of minimum variances ⁇ . Record a count variable of the minimum number of adjustments, a threshold value M for determining the termination of the adjustment, and a maximum value of the transmit power amplitude ⁇ ( ⁇ ) of each antenna unit;
- the described is comparing ⁇ with ⁇ . When ⁇ is less than ⁇ . , Then record and keep the W (n) calculated by this adjustment, and replace the original ⁇ with the newly calculated ⁇ . At the same time, the count variable is set to zero.
- the adjustment step size is fixed.
- the adjustment step size is variable; when the adjustment step size is variable, setting an initial value also includes setting a minimum adjustment step size, and when the count variable is greater than the threshold value M and the adjustment step size is still When it is not equal to the minimum adjustment step size, it continues to reduce the adjustment step size and enters the feedback process of W (n).
- the termination adjustment further includes setting a threshold threshold ⁇ in advance, and using ⁇ ⁇ as a condition for obtaining the result for the termination adjustment.
- the number of the initial values W Q (n) for setting a group W (n) is related to the number of antenna elements constituting the N antenna array.
- the radiant power value with the directional angle is related to the type of antenna array; the polar coordinate angle of the observation point that is desired is ⁇ , the radiation intensity in the same distance, and K is an approximation method.
- the setting of the required accuracy of the solution W (n), that is, the adjustment step size includes setting the real and imaginary steps of the complex number W (n) separately and setting the polar coordinate values W (n) respectively.
- the method for improving the coverage of a smart antenna array according to the present invention is directed to the use of a smart antenna array.
- the wireless base station performs fixed beam forming for omnidirectional coverage of a cell, it can effectively improve the coverage method of the smart antenna array.
- the size and shape of the coverage area of the smart antenna array can be changed, so as to obtain the local best effect that meets the requirements under the principle of minimum variance.
- the method of the present invention adjusts the antenna radiation parameters according to the difference between the parameters of the size and shape of the coverage area required by the engineering design of the mobile communication network and the actual cell coverage.
- the actual coverage approximates the required requirements under locally optimal conditions.
- One application of the method of the present invention is to change the size and shape of the coverage area of the smart antenna array by adjusting the parameters of each antenna unit in the antenna array at the installation site of the smart antenna array, so that it can be obtained under the principle of minimum variance.
- An omnidirectional radiation shaped beam that is very close to the desired shaped beam shape has a locally optimal result that matches the requirements.
- Another application of the method of the present invention is that when part of the antenna units in the smart antenna array are turned off due to abnormal operation, the antenna radiation parameters of other normally working antenna units can be adjusted immediately, and the omnidirectionality of the cell is immediately restored cover.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cell distribution structure of a cellular mobile communication network.
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the difference between the required cell coverage and the actual cell coverage.
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the omnidirectional beamforming power direction of a full circle covered by an 8-antenna array.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for quickly improving the beamforming range of an antenna array with a fixed step size.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for quickly improving the beamforming range of an antenna array with a variable step size.
- Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a method for quickly improving the beamforming range of an antenna array with a variable step size when a termination condition exists.
- Figures 7 and 8 are schematic diagrams of the power directions before and after the 8-antenna array full circle covering omnidirectional beamforming adjustment when one antenna unit is not working.
- Fig.9 and Fig.10 are the 8-antenna array full circle coverage when two antenna units are not working. Schematic diagram of power direction before and after omnidirectional beamforming adjustment.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 The description of FIGS. 1 to 3 has been described before and will not be repeated.
- the method of the present invention is to quickly obtain the optimal value of the beamforming parameter W (n) of any antenna n in the antenna array within a limited range to obtain a local For best results. It roughly includes the following five steps:
- Step 1 Set the accuracy of the required solution W (n), that is, the adjustment step size of W (n) during the entire solution process.
- W (n) the adjustment step size of W (n) during the entire solution process.
- W u (n) I u (n) + j xQ u (n), W u + 1 (n) after the next adjustment can be expressed as (Equation 4):
- ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ ) and AQ u (n) are the adjustment steps of the real part I u (n) and the imaginary part Q u (n), respectively, and L, L determine the real part I u (n) and the imaginary part, respectively.
- the adjustment directions of the parts Q u (n), and their values will be determined by the method of random judgment in step 2.
- Wu (n) is expressed as amplitude and phase:
- Step 2 Set a set of W (n) initial values W that satisfy the constraint condition 1: ⁇ T (n) 1/2 . (n),
- the number of (n) is related to the number N of antenna elements in the antenna array. For the antenna unit that is turned off in the antenna array, its corresponding W. (N) is zero and will not be adjusted in subsequent steps.
- the selection of (n) has a certain impact on the convergence speed of the entire algorithm and the final result. Therefore, if the approximate range of W (n) is known in advance, it is best to choose a suitable set of initial values W Q (n) correspondingly. Conducive to improving the accuracy of the results.
- the initial value ⁇ Q of the minimum variance ⁇ is generally set.
- Set larger. Set the count variable (count) to 0, where count is used to record a certain set of W.
- N Corresponding ⁇ .
- M Relative to the minimum number of adjustments required for W (n), M is the required threshold value to determine when to terminate the adjustment output result. Obviously, the greater the M, the higher the credibility of the results obtained.
- the above initial settings are shown in step boxes 401, 501, and 601 in FIG. 4, FIG. 5, and FIG. 6, respectively, including W.
- Block 501 further include setting a minimum adjustment step size min_step, which is required when a variable step size is used for adjustment.
- Step 3 Refer to the process of Step 1 and generate a new W (n) according to formula (4) or (5), that is, adjust W (n). Each time a set of random numbers will be generated, and W ( n) change direction, if the adjusted W (n) does not exceed the limit of condition 1 (
- the operation can be seen in Figure 4, Figure 5, and Figure 6. Boxes 404, 405, 406, 504, 505, 506, 604, 605, 606; but for the case where ⁇ ⁇ shown in FIG. 6 is used to adjust the termination condition, it is necessary to determine ⁇ ⁇ . Determine ⁇ ⁇ before, and execute ⁇ ⁇ when ⁇ is greater than ⁇ . , As shown in box 612 in FIG.
- Step size min_step a larger step size is used to adjust the parameter W (n) during the initial adjustment, and in blocks 510 and 610, when the count exceeds the preset threshold M but the step does not reach the minimum adjustment
- the step size is min_step, the foregoing calculation process is not terminated, but blocks 511 and 611 are executed, the adjustment step size is reduced, and the reduced step size is used to change W (n), and the variance ⁇ is recalculated.
- variable step size algorithms shown in Figures 5 and 6 can increase the operation speed to a certain extent.
- Figure 6 shows that when designing the system specifically, the system has a clear requirement for the variance ⁇ , which is expressed as ⁇ ⁇ ', ⁇ , which is a set threshold value. At this time, the termination conditions for execution need to be correspondingly The change, that is, an execution block 612 is added before the block 605, and when ⁇ ⁇ is determined, the process is terminated.
- the implementation can also be ⁇ ⁇ , which is the termination condition, but a fixed step size (as shown in Figure 4) is used to quickly improve the algorithm of the antenna array beamforming range.
- FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 two examples are used to illustrate an application effect of the present invention.
- the 8-element antenna circular array shown in FIG. 3 is taken as an example.
- the method of the present invention is applicable to dynamically arbitrarily shaped antenna arrays. Beamforming in real time, only circular arrays are used here as an example).
- the wireless base station must turn off the failed antenna unit.
- the radiation pattern of the antenna array will be Greatly deteriorated.
- the radiation pattern changes from a more ideal perfect circle to an irregular pattern 71, and the cell coverage immediately deteriorates.
- the wireless base station will immediately obtain the parameters of the remaining working antenna units and adjust them to change the amplitude and phase of the feed to each normally working antenna unit, and obtain the graph 81 in FIG. 8 Cover effect shown. Nearly round cell coverage was restored.
- FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 another example of the application effect of the present invention is illustrated by comparing the two examples.
- the 8-element antenna circular array shown in FIG. 3 is still taken as an example.
- the array performs dynamic real-time beamforming, and here only circular arrays are used as an example).
- FIG. 8 there are two antenna units separated by ⁇ / 4, and the radiation pattern is changed from a perfect perfect circle to an irregular pattern 91, and the cell coverage is worsened.
- the wireless base station will immediately obtain the parameters of the remaining working antenna units and adjust them to change the amplitude and phase of the feed to each of the normally working antenna units, and obtain the graph in Figure 10 With the coverage effect shown in 101, the recovered cell coverage is obviously closer to a circle. It must be noted that when some antenna units in the antenna array stop working, the radius of the entire coverage area will definitely decrease without increasing the maximum radiated power of a working antenna unit, as shown in Figures 7 and 9, As a result, the overlapping coverage area between cells is reduced (refer to FIG. 1), and a blind area where communication is not possible may occur. As shown in the examples in FIG. 7 and FIG.
- the radiated power level at the same distance will be reduced by 3-5 dB, resulting in a reduction in coverage radius of 10%-20%. Therefore, the radiated power of some antenna units must be increased, or this problem can be overcome by the "breathing" function of neighboring cells.
- the method for improving the coverage of an antenna array of the present invention is a process of adjusting the antenna array parameters, which can quickly obtain the beamforming parameter W (n) of the antenna to obtain a local optimal effect.
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Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002403924A CA2403924C (en) | 2000-03-27 | 2001-01-12 | Method for improving smart antenna array coverage |
AU2500301A AU2500301A (en) | 2000-03-27 | 2001-01-12 | A method for improving intelligent antenna array coverage |
MXPA02009560A MXPA02009560A (es) | 2000-03-27 | 2001-01-12 | Metodo para mejorar la cobertura de la red de antena inteligente. |
DE60135118T DE60135118D1 (de) | 2000-03-27 | 2001-01-12 | Verfahren zur verbesserung der abdeckung von intelligenten antennenarrays |
AU2001225003A AU2001225003B2 (en) | 2000-03-27 | 2001-01-12 | A method for improving intelligent antenna array coverage |
JP2001571510A JP4786110B2 (ja) | 2000-03-27 | 2001-01-12 | インテリジェントアンテナアレイのカバレッジの改良方法 |
EP01900377A EP1291973B1 (en) | 2000-03-27 | 2001-01-12 | A method for improving intelligent antenna array coverage |
BRPI0109611-7A BR0109611B1 (pt) | 2000-03-27 | 2001-01-12 | Método para melhorar a cobertura de um arranjo de antena inteligente |
US10/255,337 US6738016B2 (en) | 2000-03-27 | 2002-09-25 | Method for improving smart antenna array coverage |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN00103547.9 | 2000-03-27 | ||
CNB001035479A CN1145239C (zh) | 2000-03-27 | 2000-03-27 | 一种改进智能天线阵列覆盖范围的方法 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/255,337 Continuation US6738016B2 (en) | 2000-03-27 | 2002-09-25 | Method for improving smart antenna array coverage |
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WO2001073894A1 true WO2001073894A1 (fr) | 2001-10-04 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/CN2001/000017 WO2001073894A1 (fr) | 2000-03-27 | 2001-01-12 | Procede d'amelioration de la zone de couverture d'un reseau d'antennes intelligentes |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6738016B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1291973B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4786110B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100563599B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1145239C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE403243T1 (zh) |
AU (2) | AU2001225003B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0109611B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2403924C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60135118D1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA02009560A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2256266C2 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW527753B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2001073894A1 (zh) |
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CN114447635A (zh) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-05-06 | 西安星通通信科技有限公司 | 一种提高共形相控阵天线eirp的方法与系统 |
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CN101304278B (zh) * | 2008-06-30 | 2013-04-03 | 中国移动通信集团设计院有限公司 | 一种采用多阵元天线的基站小区覆盖方法 |
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US9379806B1 (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2016-06-28 | RKF Engineering Solutions, LLC | EIRP-based beamforming |
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CN103079268A (zh) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-05-01 | 上海寰创通信科技股份有限公司 | 一种用户端设备的天线定位方法 |
CN104103913B (zh) * | 2014-06-18 | 2017-02-15 | 南京信息工程大学 | 小型平面倒f加载阵列天线 |
CN105992264A (zh) * | 2015-01-27 | 2016-10-05 | 中国移动通信集团四川有限公司 | 一种基站及其自处理方法 |
WO2016141514A1 (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2016-09-15 | He Xiaoxi | Beamforming method and beamforming apparatus |
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2000
- 2000-03-27 CN CNB001035479A patent/CN1145239C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2001
- 2001-01-12 AU AU2001225003A patent/AU2001225003B2/en not_active Expired
- 2001-01-12 RU RU2002128745/09A patent/RU2256266C2/ru active
- 2001-01-12 AT AT01900377T patent/ATE403243T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-12 MX MXPA02009560A patent/MXPA02009560A/es active IP Right Grant
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN114079929A (zh) * | 2020-08-21 | 2022-02-22 | 中国移动通信集团重庆有限公司 | 一种小区覆盖范围调整方法及无线接入网系统 |
CN114079929B (zh) * | 2020-08-21 | 2023-08-15 | 中国移动通信集团重庆有限公司 | 一种小区覆盖范围调整方法及无线接入网系统 |
CN114447635A (zh) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-05-06 | 西安星通通信科技有限公司 | 一种提高共形相控阵天线eirp的方法与系统 |
CN114447635B (zh) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-08-26 | 西安星通通信科技有限公司 | 一种提高共形相控阵天线eirp的方法与系统 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2001225003B2 (en) | 2005-03-17 |
EP1291973A4 (en) | 2004-07-28 |
BR0109611B1 (pt) | 2015-01-20 |
EP1291973B1 (en) | 2008-07-30 |
EP1291973A1 (en) | 2003-03-12 |
TW527753B (en) | 2003-04-11 |
KR20020087435A (ko) | 2002-11-22 |
CA2403924C (en) | 2008-04-01 |
JP4786110B2 (ja) | 2011-10-05 |
US6738016B2 (en) | 2004-05-18 |
US20030058165A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
MXPA02009560A (es) | 2004-07-30 |
ATE403243T1 (de) | 2008-08-15 |
JP2003529262A (ja) | 2003-09-30 |
RU2002128745A (ru) | 2004-02-27 |
DE60135118D1 (de) | 2008-09-11 |
AU2500301A (en) | 2001-10-08 |
CN1315756A (zh) | 2001-10-03 |
KR100563599B1 (ko) | 2006-03-22 |
CN1145239C (zh) | 2004-04-07 |
BR0109611A (pt) | 2003-07-22 |
RU2256266C2 (ru) | 2005-07-10 |
CA2403924A1 (en) | 2002-09-24 |
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