WO2018119928A1 - 一种天线及网络设备 - Google Patents

一种天线及网络设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018119928A1
WO2018119928A1 PCT/CN2016/113156 CN2016113156W WO2018119928A1 WO 2018119928 A1 WO2018119928 A1 WO 2018119928A1 CN 2016113156 W CN2016113156 W CN 2016113156W WO 2018119928 A1 WO2018119928 A1 WO 2018119928A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
strip lines
belt line
output
input
moving
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/113156
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王乃彪
肖伟宏
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to BR112019013370-4A priority Critical patent/BR112019013370B1/pt
Priority to CN201680091936.7A priority patent/CN110140256B/zh
Priority to EP16925510.6A priority patent/EP3553885B1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2016/113156 priority patent/WO2018119928A1/zh
Priority to EP23152821.7A priority patent/EP4220860A3/en
Priority to CN202011558797.9A priority patent/CN112821073B/zh
Publication of WO2018119928A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018119928A1/zh
Priority to US16/455,734 priority patent/US10573958B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/10—Auxiliary devices for switching or interrupting
    • H01P1/12—Auxiliary devices for switching or interrupting by mechanical chopper
    • H01P1/127—Strip line switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/002—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing at least two patterns of different beamwidth; Variable beamwidth antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
    • H01Q3/247—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching by switching different parts of a primary active element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
    • H01Q3/38—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters the phase-shifters being digital
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of antenna technologies, and in particular, to an array antenna and a network device.
  • Base station antennas with diverse scene working capabilities also provide a more effective solution for mobile communication operators' site sharing, which is in line with the smooth upgrade and green energy saving requirements of existing network equipment.
  • the base station antenna with the ability to work in a variety of scenarios requires the antenna to provide the working state that meets the requirements of the application scenario according to the application scenario, and the base station antenna also has the requirement of miniaturization. Therefore, in order to implement multiple applications under the appropriate antenna size requirements.
  • the metrics of the scenario require that the base station antennas must be innovative in array design for diverse application scenarios.
  • the distance from the side of the reflector to the radiating element is adjusted, thereby changing the surrounding environment of the radiating element, so that the current on the radiating element, the bottom of the reflecting plate and the side of the reflecting plate
  • the distribution changes to achieve a change in the beamwidth of the antenna radiation pattern.
  • the side of the adjustment reflector has less influence on the current distribution, the range of variation of the beam width is small.
  • the present application provides an array antenna for flexibly changing the beam width of an antenna radiation pattern.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an array antenna, including:
  • a power splitter or a phase shifter comprising n output terminals and m input terminals, wherein the n output terminals are respectively connected to the n radiating units, and any one of the m input terminals is connected to the At least one of the n outputs;
  • the switch includes: m first ports, K second ports, and switching elements; the m first ports are respectively connected to the m input ends; the K second ports are used to couple input signals
  • the switching element is configured to switch a connection relationship between the m first ports and the K second ports, so that the input signal is selectively output to at least one of the first ports;
  • n and m are integers greater than 1, and the K is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • the switch of the radiation unit in the working state or the non-working state has a simple structure, and the introduced insertion loss is small, so the gain of the antenna is high.
  • the switching element includes p fixed strip lines and q moving strip lines;
  • One end of the m fixed strip lines of the p fixed strip lines serves as the m first ports, and the q moving strip lines are selectively connected to the p fixed strip lines, m ⁇ p.
  • one end of the K fixed strip lines of the p fixed strip lines is used as the K second ports, K ⁇ p.
  • the p fixing strip lines include first to fourth fixing strip lines, wherein the first fixing strip line, the second fixing strip line and the fourth fixing strip line are respectively associated with the first to third inputs An end connection, one end of the third fixed strip line is the second port; the q moving strip lines include first to third moving strip lines;
  • the q moving strip lines are selectively connected to the p fixed strip lines, specifically:
  • the first moving belt line is connected to the first fixed belt line and the third fixed belt line; or
  • the second moving belt line is connected to the first fixed belt line and the second fixed belt line
  • the third moving belt line is The third fixed strap line and the fourth fixed strap line are connected.
  • the n output ends include first to sixth output ends, and the m input ends include first to third input ends;
  • the first input is connected to the first output
  • the second input end is connected to the second output end, the third output end, the fourth output end, the fifth output end, and the sixth output end;
  • the third input end is connected to the second output end, the third output end, the fourth output end, the fifth output end, and the sixth output end.
  • the p fixing strap lines include first to fifth fixing strap lines, wherein the first to fourth fixing strap lines are respectively connected to the first to fourth input ends, and one end of the fifth fixing strap line As the second port;
  • the q moving belt lines include first to fifth moving belt lines;
  • the q moving strip lines are selectively connected to the p fixed strip lines, specifically:
  • the third moving belt line is connected to the first fixed belt line and the fifth fixed belt line;
  • the second moving belt line is connected to the first fixed belt line and the second fixed belt line
  • the fifth moving belt line is connected to the third fixed belt line and the fifth fixed belt line
  • the first moving belt line is connected to the first fixing belt line and the second fixing belt line
  • the fourth moving belt line is connected to the third fixing belt line, the fourth fixing belt line and the fifth fixing belt line.
  • the n output ends include first to sixth output ends, and the m input ends include first to fourth input ends;
  • the first input is connected to the first output
  • the second input is connected to the second output and the third output;
  • the third input terminal is connected to the second output end and the third output end;
  • the fourth input terminal is connected to the fourth output terminal, the fifth output terminal, and the sixth output terminal.
  • the switching element further includes a pull rod connected to at least one of the q moving belt lines.
  • the q moving strip lines are selectively electrically or capacitively coupled to the p fixed strip lines.
  • the p fixed strip lines and the q moving strip lines are metal strip lines or copper foil strips of a printed circuit board PCB.
  • the n radiating elements are sequentially arranged in a horizontal direction or sequentially in a vertical direction.
  • the application also provides a network device comprising the array antenna of any of the preceding claims.
  • the array antenna in the present application comprises n radiating elements; a power splitter or a phase shifter comprising n output terminals and m input terminals, wherein the n output terminals are respectively connected to the n radiating units Any one of the m input terminals is connected to at least one of the n output terminals; the switch includes m first ports, K second ports, and switching elements; a first port is respectively connected to the m input ends; the K second ports are configured to couple an input signal; the switching element is configured to switch the m first ports and the K second ports a connection relationship between the ports, such that the input signal is selectively output to at least one of the first ports; and based on the above configuration, the signal output to the n radiation units is controlled to be turned on or off by switching the switch Setting the number of the radiating elements in the working state, thereby flexibly changing the beam width of the antenna radiation pattern, and the introduced insertion loss is small due to the simple structure of the switching switch in which the radiating unit is in the working state
  • FIG. 1a is a schematic diagram of an array antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 1b is a schematic structural diagram of an array antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram of the operation of controlling a radiating unit by using a switch in Embodiment 2 of the present application;
  • 2b is a schematic diagram of the operation of controlling two radiating elements by using a switch in the second embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2c is a schematic structural diagram of an array antenna according to Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • 2d is a schematic diagram of a fixed strip line and a moving strip line in the second embodiment of the present application
  • 2 e is a schematic diagram of the operation of controlling a radiating unit by using a switch in the second embodiment of the present application;
  • 2f is a schematic diagram of the operation of controlling six radiation units by using a switch in the second embodiment of the present application.
  • 3a is a schematic diagram of the operation of controlling a radiating unit by using a switch in the third embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram of the operation of controlling two radiating elements by using a switch in Embodiment 3 of the present application;
  • FIG. 4a is a schematic diagram of the operation of controlling a radiating unit by using a switch in Embodiment 4 of the present application;
  • FIG. 4b is a schematic diagram of the operation of controlling two radiating units by using a switch in Embodiment 4 of the present application;
  • FIG. 4c is a schematic diagram of the operation of controlling three radiating elements by using a switch in Embodiment 4 of the present application;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an array antenna according to Embodiment 4 of the present application.
  • 4e is a schematic diagram of a fixed strip line and a moving strip line in the fourth embodiment of the present application.
  • 4f is a schematic diagram of the operation of controlling a radiating unit by using a switch in Embodiment 4 of the present application;
  • 4g is a schematic diagram of the operation of controlling three radiating elements by using a switch in Embodiment 4 of the present application;
  • 4h is a schematic diagram of the operation of controlling six radiation units by using a switch in Embodiment 4 of the present application;
  • FIG. 5a is a schematic diagram of operation of controlling a radiating unit by using a switch in Embodiment 5 of the present application;
  • FIG. 5b is a schematic diagram of the operation of controlling two radiating elements by using a switch in Embodiment 5 of the present application;
  • FIG. 5c is a schematic diagram of the operation of controlling three radiating elements by using a switch in Embodiment 5 of the present application.
  • the present application provides an array antenna capable of flexibly changing the beamwidth of an antenna radiation pattern.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an array antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present application. As shown in FIG. 1a, the array antenna includes:
  • radiating elements such as radiating unit 1011, radiating unit 1012, radiating unit 1013, ..., radiating unit 101-n;
  • the feed network comprising a switch 1021, the switch 1021 being connected to the n radiating elements.
  • the feed network output can be controlled to be performed by the switch 1021.
  • the signal of the n radiating elements is turned on or off to set the number of the radiating elements in an operating state, that is, to set different operating modes, thereby achieving flexible change of the beam width of the antenna radiation pattern.
  • the n radiating elements may be single-polarized radiating units or dual-polarized radiating elements, and the balun corresponding to each polarization direction of the radiating elements has a corresponding feeding network to provide signal excitation.
  • n is a positive integer, and the specific value of n can be set by a person skilled in the art according to actual conditions. To achieve flexible change of the beam width of the antenna radiation pattern, the value of n can be greater than or equal to 2.
  • FIG. 1b is a schematic structural diagram of an array antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present application. As shown in FIG. 1b, the array antenna includes:
  • radiating elements such as radiating unit 1011, radiating unit 1012, radiating unit 1013, ..., radiating unit 101-n;
  • a feed network comprising a switch 1021, a power splitter or a phase shifter 1022, the splitter or phase shifter 1022 comprising n outputs (N1, N2, N3, ..., respectively) Nn) and m inputs (M1, M2, ..., Mm, respectively), any one of the m inputs being connected to at least one of the n outputs; the n Radiation units are respectively connected to the n outputs.
  • the connection between the input end and the output end in the present application means that the signal flowing into the input end can reach the output end, and specifically, the signal flowing into the input end can be processed in the power splitter or phase shifter. After reaching the output end, or it can be directly sent to the output without processing, the specific is not limited.
  • the switch 1021 includes m first ports, K second ports, and switching elements; the m first ports are respectively connected to the m input ends; and the K second ports are used And coupling the input signal; the switching element is configured to switch a connection relationship between the m first ports and the K second ports, so that the input signal is selectively output to at least one Said the first port.
  • the switching element includes p fixed strip lines (P1, P2, ..., Pp-1, Pp, respectively) and q moving strip lines (Q1, Q2, Q3, ..., Qq, respectively), the p One end of the m fixed strip lines in the fixed strip line is used as the m first ports, and the m input ends are respectively connected. q moving strip lines are selectively connected to the p fixed strip lines.
  • the p fixed strip lines include K signal input lines for signal input, and one end of the K fixed strip lines serves as the K second ports.
  • the specific number of signal input lines can be set by a person skilled in the art according to experience and actual conditions. For example, it can be set to one or multiple. In the present application, one or more fixed strip lines can be set as signal input lines.
  • connection of the q moving strip lines to the p fixed strip lines specifically refers to the position of the q moving strip lines that can be turned on according to requirements, by changing the position of at least one moving strip line. To connect with different fixed strap lines.
  • the signal of the feeding network output to the n radiating elements can be controlled to be turned on or off by the selective connection of the q moving strip lines and the p fixed strip lines in the switching element, and the setting is at The number of the radiating elements in the working state, thereby flexibly changing the beam width of the antenna radiation pattern; specifically, if the n radiating elements are sequentially arranged in the horizontal direction, the above structure can flexibly change the horizontal beamwidth of the antenna, if n The radiating elements are arranged in the vertical direction, and the above structure can flexibly change the vertical beam width of the antenna. If the n radiating elements are sequentially arranged according to other angular directions, the above structure can flexibly change the beam width of other angular directions of the antenna.
  • the orientation of the antenna beam can be changed by changing the phase of the phase shifter.
  • the phase shifter can change the phase by changing the dielectric constant of the signal path, or can change the phase by changing the physical length of the signal path, or other implementations can be used.
  • the switching element may further include a pull rod, and the pull rod may be connected with at least one of the q moving belt lines, so that the position of the moving belt line of the connecting rod can be changed by the pull rod, and the moving belt line and the fixing belt are realized.
  • Line selective connection
  • the drawbar can be controlled electrically, for example by a motor control lever, or it can be controlled manually.
  • each moving belt line may be connected to one pull rod, or other connection manner, as long as the control q can be realized.
  • the mobile strip line can be selectively connected with the p fixed strip lines, specifically Not limited.
  • the q moving strip lines and the p fixing strip lines may be metal strip lines having a relatively small thickness, or a copper foil strip line of a printed circuit board (PCB), which is not limited.
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • q moving strip lines can be selectively connected to p fixed strip lines, such as electrical connections or capacitive coupling connections.
  • the working mode set by the switch can be two or more types. In the following, only two working modes (the second embodiment and the third embodiment) and three working modes (implementation) are set by the switch. Example 4 and Example 5) are described as an example.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the array antenna includes two radiating elements (radiation unit 1011 and radiating unit 1012, respectively), a feeding network, and the feeding network includes a switching switch 1021.
  • the two working modes set by the switching switch are as shown in FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b. Shown.
  • FIG. 2a is a schematic view showing the operation of controlling a radiation unit by a switch in Embodiment 2.
  • the switch when the switch is switched to position 1, the signal output to the radiating element 1011 through the feed network is turned on, and the signal output to the radiating unit 1012 is turned off. In this case, the radiating unit 1011 In operation, the radiating element 1012 is in an inoperative state.
  • FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram of the operation of controlling two radiating elements by using a switch in Embodiment 2. As shown in FIG. 2b, when the switch is switched to position 2, the signals output to the radiating unit 1011 and the radiating unit 1012 through the feed network are turned on. In this case, the radiating unit 1011 and the radiating unit 1012 are both in operation. .
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an array antenna according to Embodiment 2 of the present application. As shown in FIG. 2c, the array antenna includes:
  • radiating elements such as radiating unit 1011, radiating unit 1012, radiating unit 1013, radiating unit 1014, radiating unit 1015, radiating unit 1016;
  • the feed network includes a switch 1021, a power splitter 1022, the splitter 1022 includes six outputs (N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, respectively) and three inputs (M1, M2, M3, respectively), the six radiating elements are respectively connected to the six output terminals one by one.
  • M1 is connected to N1
  • M2 is connected to N2, N3, N4, N5 and N6, and M3 is connected to N2, N3, N4, N5 and N6.
  • the switch 1021 includes four fixed strip lines (11, 12, 13, 14 respectively, as shown in FIG. 2d) and q moving strip lines (21, 22, 23 respectively, as shown in FIG. 2d).
  • the three fixed strip lines of the four fixed strip lines are respectively connected to the three input ends, that is, the 11 connection M1, the 12 connection M2, the 14 connection M4, and the fixed strip line 13 is a signal input line.
  • the fixed strip line of the moving strip line connection can be changed by changing the position of the moving strip line, thereby controlling the conduction or disconnection of the signal output from the feeding network to the six radiating elements, and setting the radiating unit in the working state.
  • the number, that is, the different working modes are set, as shown in Fig. 2e and Fig. 2f, thereby achieving flexible change of the beam width of the antenna radiation pattern.
  • FIG. 2e is a schematic view showing the operation of controlling a radiation unit by a switch in Embodiment 2.
  • the moving strip line 21 is connected to the fixed strip line 11 and the fixed strip line 13 by direct electrical connection or capacitive coupling connection.
  • the radiating unit 1011 and the feeding network are provided.
  • the signal is in a conducting state, so the radiating element 1011 is in an active state.
  • the beam width of the antenna pattern is the widest, and the antenna is suitable for the coverage scene of the high-rise building.
  • FIG. 2f is a schematic view showing the operation of controlling six radiation units by a switch in Embodiment 2.
  • the moving strip line 22 is connected to the fixed strip line 11 and the fixed strip line 12 by direct electrical connection or capacitive coupling, and the moving strip line 23 and the fixing strip line 13 and the fixing strip respectively.
  • the signal connection is made by using a direct electrical connection or a capacitive coupling connection between the wires 14.
  • the radiation unit 1011, the radiation unit 1012, the radiation unit 1013, the radiation unit 1014, the radiation unit 1015, and the radiation unit 1016 are all fed with the feed.
  • the network is in a signal conducting state, and thus the radiating unit 1011, the radiating unit 1012, the radiating unit 1013, the radiating unit 1014, the radiating unit 1015, and the radiating unit 1016 are all in an active state.
  • the antenna pattern has the narrowest beamwidth and the antenna is suitable for street macro coverage scenarios.
  • the array antenna includes two radiating elements (radiation unit 1011 and radiating unit 1012, respectively), and a feeding network.
  • the feeding network includes a switching switch 1021 and a phase shifter 1022, and two working modes set by the switching switch. As shown in Figures 3a and 3b, the orientation of the antenna beam can be changed by changing the phase of the phase shifter.
  • the phase shifter can change the phase by changing the dielectric constant of the signal path, or can change the phase by changing the physical length of the signal path, or other implementations can be used.
  • FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram of the operation of controlling a radiation unit by using a switch in Embodiment 3. As shown in FIG. 3a, when the switch is switched to position 1, the signal output to the radiating element 1011 through the feed network is turned on, and the signal output to the radiating unit 1012 is turned off. In this case, the radiating unit 1011 In operation, the radiating element 1012 is in an inoperative state.
  • FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram of the operation of controlling two radiating elements by using a switch in Embodiment 3. As shown in FIG. 3b, when the switch is switched to the position 2, the signals output to the radiation unit 1011 and the radiation unit 1012 through the feed network are turned on. In this case, the radiation unit 1011 and the radiation unit 1012 are both in operation. .
  • the array antenna includes three radiating elements (radiation unit 1011, radiating unit 1012, radiating unit 1013, respectively), a feeding network, and the feeding network includes a switching switch 1021, and the three working modes set by the switching switch are as shown in the figure. 4a - Figure 4c.
  • FIG. 4a is a schematic view showing the operation of controlling a radiation unit by a switch in Embodiment 4.
  • the switch when the switch is switched to the position 1, the signal output to the radiation unit 1011 through the feed network is The number is turned on, and the signal output to the radiating unit 1012 and the radiating unit 1013 is turned off, in which case the radiating unit 1011 is in an operating state, and the radiating unit 1012 and the radiating unit 1013 are in an inoperative state.
  • Fig. 4c is a schematic view showing the operation of controlling three radiating elements by means of a switch in the fourth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4c, when the switch is switched to the position 3, the signals output to the radiation unit 1011, the radiation unit 1012, and the radiation unit 1013 through the feed network are all turned on. In this case, the radiation unit 1011 and the radiation unit Both the 1012 and the radiating element 1013 are in operation.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an array antenna according to Embodiment 4 of the present application. As shown in FIG. 4d, the array antenna includes:
  • radiating elements such as radiating unit 1011, radiating unit 1012, radiating unit 1013, radiating unit 1014, radiating unit 1015, radiating unit 1016;
  • the feed network includes a switch 1021, a splitter 1022, the splitter 1022 includes six outputs (N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, respectively) and four inputs (M1, M2, M3, M4, respectively), the six radiating elements are respectively connected to the six output terminals one by one.
  • M1 is connected to N1
  • M2 is connected to N2 and N3
  • M3 is connected to N2 and N3
  • M4 is connected to N4, N5 and N6.
  • the switch 1021 includes five fixed strip lines (11, 12, 13, 14, 15 respectively, as shown in FIG. 4e) and q moving strip lines (21, 22, 23, 24, respectively). 25, as shown in FIG. 4e), four fixed strip lines of the five fixed strip lines are respectively connected to the four input ends, That is, 11 is connected to M1, 12 is connected to M2, 13 is connected to M3, and 14 is connected to M4.
  • the fixed strip line of the moving strip line connection can be changed by changing the position of the moving strip line, thereby controlling the conduction or disconnection of the signal output from the feeding network to the six radiating elements, and setting the radiating unit in the working state.
  • the number thus enabling a flexible change in the beamwidth of the antenna radiation pattern.
  • 4f-4h are schematic diagrams showing different operating states of the radiating element controlled by the switching switch.
  • Figure 4f is a schematic view showing the operation of controlling a radiating unit by a switch in the third embodiment.
  • the connection between the moving strip line 23 and the fixing strip line 11 and the fixing strip line 15 is directly connected by a direct electrical connection or a capacitive coupling connection.
  • the radiating unit 1011 and the feeding unit are connected.
  • the network is in a signal conducting state, so the radiating element 1011 is in an active state.
  • the beam width of the antenna pattern is the widest, and the antenna is suitable for the coverage scene of the high-rise building.
  • Figure 4g is a schematic view showing the operation of controlling three radiating elements by means of a switch in Embodiment 4.
  • the moving strip line 22 is connected to the fixed strip line 11 and the fixed strip line 12 by direct electrical connection or capacitive coupling, and the moving strip line 25 and the fixing strip line 13 and the fixing strip respectively.
  • the signal connection is made by using a direct electrical connection or a capacitive coupling connection between the wires 15.
  • only the radiating element 1011, the radiating element 1012, the radiating element 1013 and the feeding network are in a signal conducting state, and thus the radiating unit 1011.
  • the radiating unit 1012 and the radiating unit 1013 are in an operating state.
  • the beam width of the antenna pattern is medium, and the antenna is suitable for the coverage scene of the middle and low-rise buildings.
  • Figure 4h is a schematic view showing the operation of controlling six radiating elements by means of a switch in the fourth embodiment.
  • the moving strip line 21 is connected to the fixed strip line 11 and the fixed strip line 12 by direct electrical connection or capacitive coupling, and the moving strip line 24 and the fixing strip line 13 and the fixing strip respectively.
  • the signal connection is performed between the line 14 and the fixed strip line 15 by direct electrical connection or capacitive coupling connection.
  • the 1016 is in a signal conducting state with the feeding network.
  • the radiating unit 1011, the radiating unit 1012, the radiating unit 1013, the radiating unit 1014, the radiating unit 1015, and the radiating unit 1016 are all in an operating state. At this time, due to the working spokes The number of shot elements is the largest, the beam width of the antenna pattern is the narrowest, and the antenna is suitable for street macro coverage scenes.
  • the array antenna includes three radiating elements (radiation unit 1011, radiating unit 1012, radiating unit 1013, respectively), a feeding network, and the feeding network includes a switching switch 1021 and a phase shifter 1022, which are set by the switching switch.
  • the two modes of operation are shown in Figures 5a and 5b.
  • the phase shifter can change the phase by changing the dielectric constant of the signal path, or can change the phase by changing the physical length of the signal path, or other implementations can be used.
  • FIG. 5a is a schematic diagram of the operation of controlling a radiating unit by using a switch in Embodiment 5. As shown in FIG. 5a, when the switch is switched to the position 1, the signal output to the radiation unit 1011 through the feed network is turned on, and the signal output to the radiation unit 1012 and the radiation unit 1013 is turned off, in which case The radiating element 1011 is in an active state, and the radiating element 1012 and the radiating element 1013 are in an inoperative state.
  • FIG. 5b is a schematic diagram of the operation of controlling two radiating elements by using a switch in Embodiment 5. As shown in FIG. 5b, when the switch is switched to position 2, the signals output to the radiation unit 1011 and the radiation unit 1012 through the feed network are turned on, and the signal output to the radiation unit 1013 is turned off, in which case The radiating element 1011 and the radiating element 1012 are in an active state, and the radiating element 1013 is in an inoperative state.
  • FIG. 5c is a schematic diagram of the operation of controlling three radiating elements by using a switch in Embodiment 5. As shown in FIG. 5c, when the switch is switched to position 3, the signals output to the radiating unit 1011, the radiating unit 1012, and the radiating unit 1013 through the feeding network are all turned on. In this case, the radiating unit 1011 and the radiating unit Both the 1012 and the radiating element 1013 are in operation.
  • the application also provides a network device, including the array antenna described in the above embodiments.

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Abstract

一种阵列天线及网络设备，阵列天线包括n个辐射单元、功分器或移相器、切换开关；功分器或移相器包括n个输出端和m个输入端；切换开关包括m个第一端口，K个第二端口和开关元件；m个第一端口分别与m个输入端连接；K个第二端口用于耦接输入信号；开关元件用于切换m个第一端口和K个第二端口之间的连接关系，使得输入信号选择性的输出到至少一个第一端口。本申请中，通过切换开关来控制输出到n个辐射单元的信号的导通或断开，设置处于工作状态的辐射单元数目，从而实现灵活改变天线辐射方向图的波束宽度，且由于设置辐射单元处于工作状态或者不工作状态的切换开关结构简单，引入的插损较小，因此天线的增益较高。

Description

一种天线及网络设备 技术领域
本申请涉及天线技术领域，尤其涉及一种阵列天线及网络设备。
背景技术
随着移动通信技术的发展，用户对高速数据传输提出了越来越高的要求，同时用户需求类型也日益多样化，现代移动通信需要满足多样化场景下的高速无线接入要求。移动通信设备的更新换代速度正逐步加快，而城区可用站点资源的获取却越来越难，因此能够满足多种架设站点的具有多样化场景工作能力的基站天线成为基站天线未来的发展方向之一。具有多样化场景工作能力的基站天线也为移动通信运营商的站点共用提供了更有效的解决手段，符合现网设备平滑升级和绿色节能要求。
具有多样化场景工作能力的基站天线，要求天线能够根据应用场景的不同提供满足应用场景要求的工作状态，而基站天线也有小型化的要求，因此，为了在适当的天线尺寸要求下实现多种应用场景的指标要求，多样化应用场景基站天线必须在阵列设计上进行创新。
现有技术中通过移动天线的反射板侧边的位置，来调整反射板侧边至辐射单元的距离，从而改变辐射单元的周围环境，使得辐射单元、反射板底面及反射板侧边上的电流分布发生变化，以实现改变天线辐射方向图的波束宽度。然而，由于调整反射板侧边对电流分布的影响较小，因此，波束宽度的变化范围较小。
发明内容
本申请提供一种阵列天线，用以灵活改变天线辐射方向图的波束宽度。
本申请实施例提供一种阵列天线，包括：
n个辐射单元；
功分器或移相器，包括n个输出端和m个输入端，所述n个输出端分别与所述n个辐射单元连接，所述m个输入端中的任一输入端连接所述n个输出端中的至少一个输出端；
切换开关，包括m个第一端口，K个第二端口和开关元件；所述m个第一端口分别与所述m个输入端连接；所述K个第二端口，用于耦接输入信号；所述开关元件，用于切换所述m个第一端口和所述K个第二端口之间的连接关系，使得所述输入信号选择性的输出到至少一个所述第一端口；
所述n、m为大于1的整数，所述K为大于等于1的整数。
如此，通过切换开关来控制输出到所述n个辐射单元的信号的导通或断开，设置处于工作状态的所述辐射单元数目，从而实现灵活改变天线辐射方向图的波束宽度，且由于设置辐射单元处于工作状态或者不工作状态的切换开关结构简单，引入的插损较小，因此天线的增益较高。
可选地，所述开关元件包括p个固定带线和q个移动带线；
所述p个固定带线中的m个固定带线的一端作为所述m个第一端口，所述q个移动带线选择性与所述p个固定带线连接，m≤p。
如此，通过在切换开关中设置多个固定带线和移动带线，从而可以灵活地改变移动带线的位置，实现移动带线和固定带线之间的多种选择性连接，进而灵活地控制处于工作状态的所述辐射单元数目。
可选地，所述p个固定带线中的K个固定带线的一端作为所述K个第二端口，K≤p。
可选地，所述p个固定带线包括第一至第四固定带线，其中，第一固定带线、第二固定带线和第四固定带线分别与所述第一至第三输入端连接，第三固定带线的一端作为所述第二端口；所述q个移动带线包括第一至第三移动带线；
所述q个移动带线选择性与所述p个固定带线连接，具体为：
第一移动带线与第一固定带线、第三固定带线连接；或者，
第二移动带线与第一固定带线、第二固定带线连接，且第三移动带线与 第三固定带线、第四固定带线连接。
可选地，所述n个输出端包括第一至第六输出端，所述m个输入端包括第一至第三输入端；其中，
第一输入端与第一输出端连接；
第二输入端与第二输出端、第三输出端、第四输出端、第五输出端、第六输出端连接；
第三输入端与第二输出端、第三输出端、第四输出端、第五输出端、第六输出端连接。
可选地，所述p个固定带线包括第一至第五固定带线，其中，第一至第四固定带线分别与所述第一至四输入端连接，第五固定带线的一端作为所述第二端口；所述q个移动带线包括第一至第五移动带线；
所述q个移动带线选择性与所述p个固定带线连接，具体为：
第三移动带线与第一固定带线、第五固定带线连接；或者，
第二移动带线与第一固定带线、第二固定带线连接，且第五移动带线与第三固定带线、第五固定带线连接；或者，
第一移动带线与第一固定带线、第二固定带线连接，且第四移动带线与第三固定带线、第四固定带线、第五固定带线连接。
可选地，所述n个输出端包括第一至第六输出端，所述m个输入端包括第一至第四输入端；其中，
第一输入端与第一输出端连接；
第二输入端与第二输出端和第三输出端连接；
第三输入端与第二输出端和第三输出端连接；
第四输入端与第四输出端、第五输出端和第六输出端连接。
可选地，所述开关元件还包括拉杆，所述拉杆与所述q个移动带线中的至少一个移动带线连接。
如此，通过设置拉杆提供了一种具体的改变移动带线位置的方式，且通过设置拉杆能够更加方便地通过手动或电动方式对移动带线进行控制。
可选地，所述q个移动带线选择性与所述p个固定带线电连接或电容耦合连接。
可选地，所述p个固定带线和所述q个移动带线均为金属带线或印刷电路板PCB的铜箔带线。
可选地，所述n个辐射单元按照水平方向依次排列，或者按照垂直方向依次排列。
本申请还提供一种网络设备，包括上述任一项权利要求中所述的阵列天线。
根据上述内容，本申请中的阵列天线包括n个辐射单元；功分器或移相器，包括n个输出端和m个输入端，所述n个输出端分别与所述n个辐射单元连接，所述m个输入端中的任一输入端连接所述n个输出端中的至少一个输出端；切换开关，包括m个第一端口，K个第二端口和开关元件；所述m个第一端口分别与所述m个输入端连接；所述K个第二端口，用于耦接输入信号；所述开关元件，用于切换所述m个第一端口和所述K个第二端口之间的连接关系，使得所述输入信号选择性的输出到至少一个所述第一端口；基于上述结构，通过切换开关来控制输出到所述n个辐射单元的信号的导通或断开，设置处于工作状态的所述辐射单元数目，从而实现灵活改变天线辐射方向图的波束宽度，且由于设置辐射单元处于工作状态或者不工作状态的切换开关结构简单，引入的插损较小，因此天线的增益较高。
附图说明
图1a为本申请实施例一提供的一种阵列天线示意图；
图1b为本申请实施例一提供的一种阵列天线具体结构示意图；
图2a为本申请实施例二中通过切换开关控制一个辐射单元工作示意图；
图2b为本申请实施例二中通过切换开关控制两个辐射单元工作示意图；
图2c为本申请实施例二提供的一种阵列天线具体结构示意图；
图2d为本申请实施例二中固定带线和移动带线示意图；
图2e为本申请实施例二中通过切换开关控制一个辐射单元工作示意图；
图2f为本申请实施例二中通过切换开关控制六个辐射单元工作示意图；
图3a为本申请实施例三中通过切换开关控制一个辐射单元工作示意图；
图3b为本申请实施例三中通过切换开关控制两个辐射单元工作示意图；
图4a为本申请实施例四中通过切换开关控制一个辐射单元工作示意图；
图4b为本申请实施例四中通过切换开关控制两个辐射单元工作示意图；
图4c为本申请实施例四中通过切换开关控制三个辐射单元工作示意图；
图4d为本申请实施例四提供的一种阵列天线的具体结构示意图；
图4e为本申请实施例四中固定带线和移动带线示意图；
图4f为本申请实施例四中通过切换开关控制一个辐射单元工作示意图；
图4g为本申请实施例四中通过切换开关控制三个辐射单元工作示意图；
图4h为本申请实施例四中通过切换开关控制六个辐射单元工作示意图；
图5a为本申请实施例五中通过切换开关控制一个辐射单元工作示意图；
图5b为本申请实施例五中通过切换开关控制两个辐射单元工作示意图；
图5c为本申请实施例五中通过切换开关控制三个辐射单元工作示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合说明书附图对本申请实施例做详细描述。
本申请提供一种能够灵活改变天线辐射方向图的波束宽度的阵列天线。
实施例一
图1a为本申请实施例一提供的一种阵列天线示意图。如图1a所示，所述阵列天线包括：
n个辐射单元，如辐射单元1011、辐射单元1012、辐射单元1013、……、辐射单元101-n；
馈电网络，所述馈电网络包括切换开关1021，所述切换开关1021与所述n个辐射单元连接。
基于上述结构，可以通过切换开关1021来控制所述馈电网络输出到所述 n个辐射单元的信号的导通或断开，来设置处于工作状态的所述辐射单元数目，即设置不同的工作模式，从而实现灵活改变天线辐射方向图的波束宽度。其中，n个辐射单元可以为单极化辐射单元，也可以是双极化辐射单元，辐射单元的每个极化方向所对应的巴伦都有相应的馈电网络为其提供信号激励。
需要说明的是，n为正整数，n的具体取值可由本领域技术人员根据实际情况来设置，为实现灵活改变天线辐射方向图的波束宽度，n的取值可大于等于2。
图1b为本申请实施例一提供的一种阵列天线具体结构示意图。如图1b所示，所述阵列天线包括：
n个辐射单元，如辐射单元1011、辐射单元1012、辐射单元1013、……、辐射单元101-n；
馈电网络，所述馈电网络包括切换开关1021、功分器或移相器1022，所述功分器或移相器1022包括n个输出端(分别为N1、N2、N3、……、Nn)和m个输入端(分别为M1、M2、……、Mm)，所述m个输入端中的任一输入端连接所述n个输出端中的至少一个输出端；所述n个辐射单元分别与所述n个输出端连接。需要说明的是，本申请中输入端与输出端之间的连接是指流进输入端的信号可以到达输出端，具体来说，流进输入端的信号可以在功分器或移相器中经过处理后到达输出端，或者，也可以不经过处理直接到达输出端，具体不做限定。
进一步地，所述切换开关1021包括m个第一端口，K个第二端口和开关元件；所述m个第一端口分别与所述m个输入端连接；所述K个第二端口，用于耦接所述输入信号；所述开关元件，用于切换所述m个第一端口和所述K个第二端口之间的连接关系，使得所述输入信号选择性的输出到至少一个所述第一端口。
所述开关元件包括p个固定带线(分别为P1、P2、……、Pp-1、Pp)和q个移动带线(分别为Q1、Q2、Q3、……、Qq)，所述p个固定带线中的m个固定带线的一端作为所述m个第一端口，分别所述m个输入端连接，所述 q个移动带线选择性与所述p个固定带线连接。其中，所述p个固定带线中包括K个信号输入线，用于进行信号输入，K个固定带线的一端作为所述K个第二端口。信号输入线的具体个数可由本领域技术人员根据经验和实际情况设置，例如，可以设置为1个，也可以设置为多个。本申请中可以把一个或者多个固定带线设置成为信号输入线。
需要说明的是，上述q个移动带线选择性与所述p个固定带线连接具体是指所述q个移动带线可以根据需要导通的辐射单元，通过改变至少一个移动带线的位置来与不同的固定带线进行连接。
基于上述结构，可以通过开关元件中q个移动带线与p个固定带线的选择性连接来控制所述馈电网络输出到所述n个辐射单元的信号的导通或断开，设置处于工作状态的所述辐射单元数目，从而实现灵活改变天线辐射方向图的波束宽度；具体来说，若n个辐射单元按照水平方向依次排列，则上述结构可以灵活改变天线的水平面波束宽度，若n个辐射单元按照垂直方向依次排列，则上述结构可以灵活改变天线的垂直面波束宽度，若n个辐射单元按照其它角度方向依次排列，则上述结构可以灵活改变天线的其它角度方向的波束宽度。
进一步地，若馈电网络中包括移相器，则通过改变移相器的相位，可以改变天线波束的指向。移相器可以通过改变信号通道的介电常数的方式来改变相位，也可以通过改变信号通道的物理长度的方式来改变相位，或者也可以采用其他实现方式。
本申请中，开关元件还可以包括拉杆，拉杆可与q个移动带线中的至少一个移动带线连接，从而可通过拉杆来改变拉杆连接的移动带线的位置，实现移动带线与固定带线选择性连接。具体来说，拉杆可采用电动方式来控制，例如，通过马达控制拉杆，或者也可以采用手动方式来控制。
需要说明的是，上述所描述的拉杆和移动带线的连接关系仅为一种示例性说明，本申请中也可以设置每个移动带线连接一个拉杆，或者其它连接方式，只要能够实现控制q个移动带线与p个固定带线选择性连接即可，具体 不做限定。
本申请中，q个移动带线和p个固定带线可以为厚度比较小的金属带线，或者印刷电路板(Printed Circuit Board，PCB)的铜箔带线，具体不做限定。q个移动带线选择性与p个固定带线连接的方式可以有多种，例如电连接或电容耦合连接。
本发明实施例中，通过切换开关设置的工作模式可以为两种或两种以上，下文中仅以通过切换开关设置两种工作模式(实施例二和实施例三)和三种工作模式(实施例四和实施例五)为例进行说明。
实施例二：
阵列天线中包括2个辐射单元(分别为辐射单元1011、辐射单元1012)，一个馈电网络，馈电网络中包括一个切换开关1021，通过切换开关设置的两种工作模式如图2a和图2b所示。
图2a为实施例二中通过切换开关控制一个辐射单元工作示意图。如图2a所示，将切换开关切换至位置1时，通过馈电网络输出到辐射单元1011的信号被导通，而输出到辐射单元1012的信号被断开，此种情况下，辐射单元1011处于工作状态，而辐射单元1012处于不工作状态。
图2b为实施例二中通过切换开关控制两个辐射单元工作示意图。如图2b所示，将切换开关切换至位置2时，通过馈电网络输出到辐射单元1011和辐射单元1012的信号被导通，此种情况下，辐射单元1011和辐射单元1012均处于工作状态。
由上述内容可知，通过改变切换开关，控制馈电网络输出到所述辐射单元的信号的导通或断开，可实现处于工作状态的辐射单元的数目，从而改变天线的波束宽度。
图2c为本申请实施例二提供的一种阵列天线具体结构示意图。如图2c所示，所述阵列天线包括：
6个辐射单元，如辐射单元1011、辐射单元1012、辐射单元1013、辐射单元1014、辐射单元1015、辐射单元1016；
馈电网络，所述馈电网络包括切换开关1021、功分器1022，所述功分器1022包括6个输出端(分别为N1、N2、N3、N4、N5、N6)和3个输入端(分别为M1、M2、M3)，所述6个辐射单元分别与所述6个输出端一一连接。其中，M1与N1连接，M2与N2、N3、N4、N5和N6连接，M3与N2、N3、N4、N5和N6连接。
进一步地，所述切换开关1021包括4个固定带线(分别为11、12、13、14，如图2d所示)和q个移动带线(分别为21、22、23，如图2d所示)，所述4个固定带线中的3个固定带线分别与所述3个输入端连接，即11连接M1、12连接M2、14连接M4，且固定带线13为信号输入线。
基于上述结构，可通过改变移动带线的位置来改变移动带线连接的固定带线，进而控制馈电网络输出到6个辐射单元的信号的导通或断开，设置处于工作状态的辐射单元数目，即设置不同的工作模式，如图2e和图2f所示，从而实现灵活改变天线辐射方向图的波束宽度。
图2e为实施例二中通过切换开关控制一个辐射单元工作示意图。如图2e所示，移动带线21分别与固定带线11、固定带线13之间采用直接电连接或者电容耦合连接的方式进行信号连接，此种情况下，只有辐射单元1011与馈电网络处于信号导通状态，因此辐射单元1011处于工作状态。此时，由于处于工作状态的辐射单元数目最少，天线方向图的波束宽度最宽，天线适合于高层建筑物的覆盖场景。
图2f为实施例二中通过切换开关控制六个辐射单元工作示意图。如图2f所示，移动带线22分别与固定带线11、固定带线12之间采用直接电连接或者电容耦合连接的方式进行信号连接，移动带线23分别与固定带线13、固定带线14之间采用直接电连接或者电容耦合连接的方式进行信号连接，此种情况下，辐射单元1011、辐射单元1012、辐射单元1013、辐射单元1014、辐射单元1015、辐射单元1016都与馈电网络处于信号导通状态，因此辐射单元1011、辐射单元1012、辐射单元1013、辐射单元1014、辐射单元1015、辐射单元1016都处于工作状态。此时，由于处于工作状态的辐射单元数目最多， 天线方向图的波束宽度最窄，天线适合于街道宏覆盖场景。
实施例三
阵列天线中包括2个辐射单元(分别为辐射单元1011、辐射单元1012)，一个馈电网络，馈电网络中包括一个切换开关1021和一个移相器1022，通过切换开关设置的两种工作模式如图3a和图3b所示，通过改变移相器的相位，可以改变天线波束的指向。移相器可以通过改变信号通道的介电常数的方式来改变相位，也可以通过改变信号通道的物理长度的方式来改变相位，或者也可以采用其他实现方式。
图3a为实施例三中通过切换开关控制一个辐射单元工作示意图。如图3a所示，将切换开关切换至位置1时，通过馈电网络输出到辐射单元1011的信号被导通，而输出到辐射单元1012的信号被断开，此种情况下，辐射单元1011处于工作状态，而辐射单元1012处于不工作状态。
图3b为实施例三中通过切换开关控制两个辐射单元工作示意图。如图3b所示，将切换开关切换至位置2时，通过馈电网络输出到辐射单元1011和辐射单元1012的信号被导通，此种情况下，辐射单元1011和辐射单元1012均处于工作状态。
由上述内容可知，通过改变切换开关，控制馈电网络输出到所述辐射单元的信号的导通或断开，可实现处于工作状态的辐射单元的数目，从而改变天线的波束宽度。
关于实施例三中的阵列天线的具体结构示意图可参照上述实施例二中的图2c，只需将功分器改为移相器即可，此处不再赘述。
实施例四
阵列天线中包括3个辐射单元(分别为辐射单元1011、辐射单元1012、辐射单元1013)，一个馈电网络，馈电网络中包括一个切换开关1021，通过切换开关设置的三种工作模式如图4a-图4c所示。
图4a为实施例四中通过切换开关控制一个辐射单元工作示意图。如图4a所示，将切换开关切换至位置1时，通过馈电网络输出到辐射单元1011的信 号被导通，而输出到辐射单元1012和辐射单元1013的信号被断开，此种情况下，辐射单元1011处于工作状态，而辐射单元1012和辐射单元1013处于不工作状态。
图4b为实施例四中通过切换开关控制两个辐射单元工作示意图。如图4b所示，将切换开关切换至位置2时，通过馈电网络输出到辐射单元1011和辐射单元1012的信号被导通，而输出到辐射单元1013的信号被断开，此种情况下，辐射单元1011和辐射单元1012处于工作状态，而辐射单元1013处于不工作状态。
图4c为实施例四中通过切换开关控制三个辐射单元工作示意图。如图4c所示，将切换开关切换至位置3时，通过馈电网络输出到辐射单元1011、辐射单元1012和辐射单元1013的信号均被导通，此种情况下，辐射单元1011、辐射单元1012和辐射单元1013均处于工作状态。
由上述内容可知，通过改变切换开关，控制馈电网络输出到所述辐射单元的信号的导通或断开，可实现处于工作状态的辐射单元的数目，从而改变天线的波束宽度。
图4d为本申请实施例四提供的一种阵列天线的具体结构示意图。如图4d所示，所述阵列天线包括：
6个辐射单元，如辐射单元1011、辐射单元1012、辐射单元1013、辐射单元1014、辐射单元1015、辐射单元1016；
馈电网络，所述馈电网络包括切换开关1021、功分器1022，所述功分器1022包括6个输出端(分别为N1、N2、N3、N4、N5、N6)和4个输入端(分别为M1、M2、M3、M4)，所述6个辐射单元分别与所述6个输出端一一连接。其中，M1与N1连接，M2与N2和N3连接，M3与N2和N3连接，M4与N4、N5和N6连接。
进一步地，所述切换开关1021包括5个固定带线(分别为11、12、13、14、15，如图4e所示)和q个移动带线(分别为21、22、23、24、25，如图4e所示)，所述5个固定带线中的4个固定带线分别与所述4个输入端连接， 即11连接M1、12连接M2、13连接M3、14连接M4。
基于上述结构，可通过改变移动带线的位置来改变移动带线连接的固定带线，进而控制馈电网络输出到6个辐射单元的信号的导通或断开，设置处于工作状态的辐射单元数目，从而实现灵活改变天线辐射方向图的波束宽度。
图4f-图4h为通过切换开关控制辐射单元的不同工作状态示意图。
图4f为实施例三中通过切换开关控制一个辐射单元工作示意图。如图4f所示，移动带线23分别与固定带线11、固定带线15之间连接采用直接电连接或者电容耦合连接的方式进行信号连接，此种情况下，只有辐射单元1011与馈电网络处于信号导通状态，因此辐射单元1011处于工作状态。此时，由于处于工作状态的辐射单元数目最少，天线方向图的波束宽度最宽，天线适合于高层建筑物的覆盖场景。
图4g为实施例四中通过切换开关控制三个辐射单元工作示意图。如图4g所示，移动带线22分别与固定带线11、固定带线12之间采用直接电连接或者电容耦合连接的方式进行信号连接，移动带线25分别与固定带线13、固定带线15之间采用直接电连接或者电容耦合连接的方式进行信号连接，此种情况下，只有辐射单元1011、辐射单元1012、辐射单元1013与馈电网络处于信号导通状态，因此辐射单元1011、辐射单元1012、辐射单元1013处于工作状态。此时，由于处于工作状态的辐射单元数目中等，天线方向图的波束宽度中等，天线适合于中低层建筑物的覆盖场景。
图4h为实施例四中通过切换开关控制六个辐射单元工作示意图。如图4h所示，移动带线21分别与固定带线11、固定带线12之间采用直接电连接或者电容耦合连接的方式进行信号连接，移动带线24分别与固定带线13、固定带线14、固定带线15之间采用直接电连接或者电容耦合连接的方式进行信号连接，此种情况下，辐射单元1011、辐射单元1012、辐射单元1013、辐射单元1014、辐射单元1015、辐射单元1016都与馈电网络处于信号导通状态，因此，辐射单元1011、辐射单元1012、辐射单元1013、辐射单元1014、辐射单元1015、辐射单元1016都处于工作状态。此时，由于处于工作状态的辐 射单元数目最多，天线方向图的波束宽度最窄，天线适合于街道宏覆盖场景。
实施例五
阵列天线中包括3个辐射单元(分别为辐射单元1011、辐射单元1012、辐射单元1013)，一个馈电网络，馈电网络中包括一个切换开关1021和一个移相器1022，通过切换开关设置的两种工作模式如图5a和图5b所示，通过改变移相器的相位，可以改变天线波束的指向。移相器可以通过改变信号通道的介电常数的方式来改变相位，也可以通过改变信号通道的物理长度的方式来改变相位，或者也可以采用其他实现方式。
图5a为实施例五中通过切换开关控制一个辐射单元工作示意图。如图5a所示，将切换开关切换至位置1时，通过馈电网络输出到辐射单元1011的信号被导通，而输出到辐射单元1012和辐射单元1013的信号被断开，此种情况下，辐射单元1011处于工作状态，而辐射单元1012和辐射单元1013处于不工作状态。
图5b为实施例五中通过切换开关控制两个辐射单元工作示意图。如图5b所示，将切换开关切换至位置2时，通过馈电网络输出到辐射单元1011和辐射单元1012的信号被导通，而输出到辐射单元1013的信号被断开，此种情况下，辐射单元1011和辐射单元1012处于工作状态，而辐射单元1013处于不工作状态。
图5c为实施例五中通过切换开关控制三个辐射单元工作示意图。如图5c所示，将切换开关切换至位置3时，通过馈电网络输出到辐射单元1011、辐射单元1012和辐射单元1013的信号均被导通，此种情况下，辐射单元1011、辐射单元1012和辐射单元1013均处于工作状态。
由上述内容可知，通过改变切换开关，控制馈电网络输出到所述辐射单元的信号的导通或断开，可实现处于工作状态的辐射单元的数目，从而改变天线的波束宽度。
关于实施例三中的阵列天线的具体结构示意图可参照上述实施例二中的图4d，只需将功分器改为移相器即可，此处不再赘述。
本申请还提供一种网络设备，包括上述实施例中所描述的阵列天线。
尽管已描述了本发明的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种天线，其特征在于，包括：
    n个辐射单元；
    功分器或移相器，包括n个输出端和m个输入端，所述n个输出端分别与所述n个辐射单元连接，所述m个输入端中的任一输入端连接所述n个输出端中的至少一个输出端；
    切换开关，包括m个第一端口，K个第二端口和开关元件；所述m个第一端口分别与所述m个输入端连接；所述K个第二端口，用于耦接输入信号；所述开关元件，用于切换所述m个第一端口和所述K个第二端口之间的连接关系，使得所述输入信号选择性的输出到至少一个所述第一端口；
    所述n、m为大于1的整数，所述K为大于等于1的整数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述开关元件包括p个固定带线和q个移动带线；
    所述p个固定带线中的m个固定带线的一端作为所述m个第一端口，所述q个移动带线选择性与所述p个固定带线连接，m≤p。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的天线，其特征在于，所述p个固定带线中的K个固定带线的一端作为所述K个第二端口，K≤p。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的天线，其特征在于，所述p个固定带线包括第一至第四固定带线，其中，所述第一固定带线、所述第二固定带线和所述第四固定带线分别与所述第一输入端、所述第二输入端和所述第三输入端连接，所述第三固定带线的一端作为所述第二端口；所述q个移动带线包括第一至第三移动带线；
    所述q个移动带线选择性与所述p个固定带线连接，具体为：
    所述第一移动带线与所述第一固定带线、所述第三固定带线连接；或者，
    所述第二移动带线与所述第一固定带线、所述第二固定带线连接，且所述第三移动带线与所述第三固定带线、所述第四固定带线连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的天线，其特征在于，所述n个输出端包括第一至第六输出端，所述m个输入端包括第一至第三输入端；其中，
    所述第一输入端与所述第一输出端连接；
    所述第二输入端与所述第二输出端、第三输出端、第四输出端、第五输出端、第六输出端连接；
    第三输入端与第二输出端、第三输出端、第四输出端、第五输出端、第六输出端连接。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的天线，其特征在于，所述p个固定带线包括第一至第五固定带线，其中，第一至第四固定带线分别与所述第一至四输入端连接，第五固定带线的一端作为所述第二端口；所述q个移动带线包括第一至第五移动带线；
    所述q个移动带线选择性与所述p个固定带线连接，具体为：
    第三移动带线与第一固定带线、第五固定带线连接；或者，
    第二移动带线与第一固定带线、第二固定带线连接，且第五移动带线与第三固定带线、第五固定带线连接；或者，
    第一移动带线与第一固定带线、第二固定带线连接，且第四移动带线与第三固定带线、第四固定带线、第五固定带线连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的天线，其特征在于，所述n个输出端包括第一至第六输出端，所述m个输入端包括第一至第四输入端；其中，
    第一输入端与第一输出端连接；
    第二输入端与第二输出端和第三输出端连接；
    第三输入端与第二输出端和第三输出端连接；
    第四输入端与第四输出端、第五输出端和第六输出端连接。
  8. 根据权利要求2至7中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述开关元件还包括拉杆，所述拉杆与所述q个移动带线中的至少一个移动带线连接。
  9. 根据权利要求2至8中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述q个移动带线选择性与所述p个固定带线电连接或电容耦合连接。
  10. 根据权利要求2至9中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述p个固定带线和所述q个移动带线均为金属带线或印刷电路板PCB的铜箔带线。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述n个辐射单元按照水平方向依次排列，或者按照垂直方向依次排列。
  12. 一种网络设备，其特征在于，包括权利要求1至11中任一项所述的天线。
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