WO2001043511A1 - Anode de chauffage de plasma de type transfert - Google Patents
Anode de chauffage de plasma de type transfert Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001043511A1 WO2001043511A1 PCT/JP2000/008828 JP0008828W WO0143511A1 WO 2001043511 A1 WO2001043511 A1 WO 2001043511A1 JP 0008828 W JP0008828 W JP 0008828W WO 0143511 A1 WO0143511 A1 WO 0143511A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- tip
- transfer
- plasma heating
- type plasma
- Prior art date
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 32
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910019580 Cr Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019817 Cr—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/005—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like with heating or cooling means
- B22D41/01—Heating means
- B22D41/015—Heating means with external heating, i.e. the heat source not being a part of the ladle
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
- H05B7/18—Heating by arc discharge
- H05B7/185—Heating gases for arc discharge
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/28—Cooling arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/40—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles using applied magnetic fields, e.g. for focusing or rotating the arc
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/3421—Transferred arc or pilot arc mode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/3478—Geometrical details
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improvement in a transfer-type plasma heating anode, and more particularly, to a transfer-type plasma heating anode that is suitably applied for heating molten steel in a tundish.
- FIG 1 shows an overview of a DC twin-torch type plasma heating device used to heat molten steel in a tundish.
- Two plasma torches, an anode 3 and a cathode 4 are inserted into the tundish cover 2, respectively, and a plasma arc 6 is generated between each of the torches 3, 4 and the molten steel 5 to heat the molten steel. I do.
- the electron flow 7 flows from the cathode 4 through the molten steel 5 to the anode 3.
- Figure 2 shows an example of the anode plasma torch. The figure shows a cross section of the tip of the anode torch.
- As a material of the anode 3 for example, oxygen-free copper is used.
- the anode torch comprises a stainless steel or copper outer cylinder nozzle 8 covering the outside and a copper anode 3 on the inside.
- the tip of the anode 3 has a flat disk shape.
- the anode 3 and the outer cylinder nozzle 8 both have a cooling structure, and the cooling water inlet and outlet water channels are separated by cylindrical partition walls 9 and 11, respectively. (In the figure, 10 and 12 indicate the flow of cooling water.)
- the tip may be damaged and its life may be short.
- the anode becomes a recipient of electrons during plasma heating operation, so the electrons collide with the outer surface of the tip of the anode, causing a large heat load on the outer surface of the tip.
- the heat load applied to the anode tip is as large as several tens of MWZm 2, and the form of heat transfer on the cooling side at the anode tip is considered to be forced convection nucleate boiling heat transfer.
- the heat transfer coefficient is on the order one 1 0 5 [W / m 2 K], although approximately 1 0-fold greater than the heat transfer coefficient in the case of forced convection heat transfer, the anode If the heat load on the outer surface of the tip becomes too large, the temperature on the heat transfer surface on the cooling side rises, and a burn-out occurs in which the heat transfer mode shifts to film boiling heat transfer.
- the heat transfer rate on the heat transfer surface sharply decreases, and further, the temperature of the heat transfer surface rises.
- the temperature at the anode tip may exceed the melting point, and the anode tip may be damaged.
- a heat load value causing a burnout that is, a burnout limit heat flux is shown in FIG.
- the burnout limit heat flux was estimated using the Zenkevich equation (Zenkevich et al, J. Nuclear Energy, Part B, 1-2, 137, 1959), and the Norway limit heat flux.
- W B 0 [W / m 2 ] is expressed by equation (1).
- L, ⁇ , G, V, i and ic in equation (1). . ) Is the physical quantity of the cooling water, the heat of evaporation [jZkg] and the surface tension [NZm], respectively. , Weight velocity [kgZ m 2 s], Kinematic viscosity coefficient [m 2 Z s], Enthalpy
- the graph in FIG. 31 shows that the critical heat flux near the center is low. This is because the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the anode 3 has a large effect, and the cooling water flowing from above the center of the anode collides with the anode tip, and the flow velocity decreases, resulting in a burnout critical heat flux. Is also reduced.
- burn-out occurs on the cooling side of the anode tip, the heat transfer surface temperature increases, and the anode tip is considered to be melted. Therefore, the central portion of the anode tip having a low burn-out critical heat flux is easily melted.
- Figure 3 illustrates the pinch effect associated with plasma.
- the plasma 15 is concentrated toward the center due to the flow 14 of the “gas that is sufficiently lower in temperature than the plasma 15” that blows out from the gap 13 between the outer cylinder nozzle 8 and the anode 3 (thermal pinch effect).
- the current density in the plasma is generally an increasing function with respect to the temperature, and the current density at the plasma center 16 is larger than the overall average, so that the current density incident on the anode tip outer surface center 17 is growing. Therefore, the degree of damage is greater at the center 17 of the outer surface of the anode tip than at the outer periphery 18 of the tip outer surface.
- the electrons 21 moving toward the anode in the plasma receive a force 22 toward the center due to the interaction with the rotating magnetic field 20 created by the current 19 flowing in the plasma (magnetic pinch effect). ).
- the tip of the anode is deformed outwardly convex due to the pressure of the cooling water flowing inside and the thermal stress crack.
- This convex deformation results in the formation of a projection 23 at the center 17 of the outer surface of the anode tip, and the electric field 32 concentrates on the projection 23. Since the electrons 21 moving in the plasma are accelerated in the direction of the electric field 32, the current 19 concentrates on the protrusion 23. Therefore, the current is further concentrated on the central portion 17 of the outer surface of the anode tip.
- the central portion 17 of the outer surface of the anode tip becomes more susceptible to damage. If the damage progresses in the center part 17 of the outer surface of the anode tip, the cooling water channel 25 of the anode eventually breaks, and the operation becomes impossible. As described above, since the current is concentrated on the center portion 17 of the outer surface of the anode tip, the service life of the anode is significantly reduced.
- FIG. 5 (A) to (d) in Fig. 5 explain the concentration of current to the anode spot.
- the electrons 21 are incident on the anode tip outer surface 26 almost perpendicularly.
- the current tends to concentrate at the center 17 of the outer surface of the anode tip, and the molten and evaporated copper due to the high temperature of the outer surface 26 of the anode tip causes A cloud cloud of copper vapor 27 forms near the center (Fig. 5 (b)).
- the present invention relates to an anode for plasma heating, wherein the shape and material of the anode tip for improving the band-limit heat flux affected by cooling, delaying the damage speed of the anode tip, and extending the life of the anode It is about.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- a transfer-type plasma heating anode for heating a molten metal while generating an Ar plasma by applying a direct current to the molten metal in the container, the anode comprising a conductive metal having an internal water-cooled structure;
- a metal protector having an internal water-cooled structure with a fixed interval provided outside the anode, and a gas supply means for supplying a gas containing Ar to the gap between the anode and the protector,
- a transition-type plasma heating anode characterized in that the center of the surface is recessed inward.
- a transfer-type plasma heating anode for heating a molten metal while generating an Ar plasma by applying a direct current to the molten metal in the container, the anode comprising a conductive metal having an internal water-cooled structure; A metal protector having an internal water-cooled structure with a fixed interval provided outside the anode, and a gas supply means for supplying a gas containing Ar to the gap between the anode and the protector, A transition-type plasma heating anode characterized in that the entire surface is concave inside.
- a transfer-type plasma heating anode for applying a direct current to the molten metal in the vessel to heat the molten metal while generating Ar plasma the anode comprising a conductive metal having an internal water-cooled structure;
- An anode for transfer-type plasma heating comprising a gas supply means for supplying a gas containing Ar to a gap between an anode and the protective body, and having a rib on a cooling surface of the anode tip.
- a transfer-type plasma heating anode for applying a direct current to the molten metal in the vessel and heating the molten metal while generating Ar plasma, the anode comprising a conductive metal having an internal water-cooled structure;
- a metal protector having an internal water-cooled structure provided at a fixed interval on the outer side of the anode, and first gas supply means for supplying a gas containing Ar to a gap between the anode and the protector;
- a transfer-type plasma heating anode comprising: a second gas supply means therein; and the second gas supply means having a function of blowing gas from an outer surface of a front end of the anode.
- a transfer-type plasma heating anode for applying a direct current to the molten metal in the vessel to heat the molten metal while generating Ar plasma, the anode comprising a conductive metal having an internal water-cooled structure;
- a metal protector having an internal water-cooled structure with a fixed interval provided outside the anode, and a gas supply means for supplying a gas containing Ar to a gap between the anode and the protector, the anode tip cooling comprising:
- a second gas supply means is provided inside the anode, and the second gas supply means has a function of blowing out gas from the outer surface of the tip of the anode (1) to (3). ), (5) and the anode for transfer plasma heating according to any one of (6) to (9).
- the whole and Z or center of the outer surface of the anode tip is concave, and one or more permanent magnets rotatable in the circumferential direction are provided inside the anode.
- the anode for transitional-type plasma heating according to any one of (1) to (10).
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tundish and a plasma torch.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional transition-type plasma heating anode for heating molten steel in a tundish.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a pinch effect in plasma.
- FIG. 4 is a view for explaining that the current is concentrated on the center of the outer surface of the anode tip due to the convex deformation at the anode tip.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the concentration of current at the anode spot.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing a vertical cross section of one example of the transfer-type plasma heating anode according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing an electric field emitted from the tip of the anode in one example of the transfer-type plasma heating anode shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a view showing a vertical cross section of another example of the transfer-type plasma heating anode according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a view showing a vertical cross section of another example of the transfer-type plasma heating anode according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a view showing a vertical cross section of another example of the transfer-type plasma heating anode according to the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a view showing a vertical cross section of another example of the transfer-type plasma heating anode according to the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a view showing a vertical cross section of another example of the transfer-type plasma heating anode according to the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a view showing a vertical cross section of another example of the transfer-type plasma heating anode according to the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a view showing a vertical cross section of another example of the transfer-type plasma heating anode according to the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a view showing a vertical cross section of another example of the transfer-type plasma heating anode according to the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram schematically showing an electric field emitted from the tip of the anode in one example of the transfer-type plasma heating anode shown in FIG.
- FIG. 17 is a view showing a vertical cross section of another example of the transfer-type plasma heating anode according to the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a view showing a vertical cross section of another example of the transfer-type plasma heating anode according to the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a view showing a vertical cross section of another example of the transfer-type plasma heating anode according to the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a view showing a vertical cross section of another example of the transfer-type plasma heating anode according to the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a vertical view of another example of the transfer-type plasma heating anode according to the present invention. It is a figure showing a straight section.
- FIG. 22 is a view showing a vertical cross section of another example of the transfer-type plasma heating anode according to the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram comparing the amount of creep deformation at the tip of the anode by material.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating the results shown in FIG.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram schematically showing an electric field emitted from the tip of the conventional transfer-type plasma heating anode shown in FIG.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing a horizontal cross section of the transfer-type plasma heating anode shown in FIGS. 12 and 21.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing a horizontal cross section of the transfer-type plasma heating anode shown in FIGS. 13 and 22.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram schematically showing a magnetic field in the transfer-type plasma heating anode shown in FIG.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram schematically showing a magnetic field in the transfer-type plasma heating anode shown in FIG.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram showing a horizontal cross section of the transfer-type plasma heating anode shown in FIGS. 10, 12, 19, and 21.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram showing a conventional distribution of burn-out limit heat flux on the heat transfer surface on the anode tip cooling side.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram showing distributions of burn-out critical heat fluxes on the conventional anode and the heat transfer surface on the anode tip cooling side of the present invention.
- the causes of damage at the center of the anode tip are (a) the generation of burnout on the heat transfer surface on the cooling side of the anode tip, (b) the current concentration due to the pinch effect on the plasma, and / or , (c) Convex deformation of anode tip and formation of anode spot that accelerate current concentration.
- (A) the shape of the anode tip is changed, and (B) the anode tip is changed in order to prevent the generation of such a burn-out, the current concentration, and / or the formation of the convex deformation and the anode spot.
- / or (C) Install a disturbance generator to prevent the formation of anode spots.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of the present invention (the invention of the above (1)) employing such a shape.
- the center 17 of the outer surface of the anode tip is recessed.
- the area of the recess is desirably a circle having a radius of 1 Z 5 to 3/4 of the anode tip radius Ra from the anode tip center to secure a current concentration prevention area (see Fig. 6).
- the center height Hd of the recess is preferably set to 1Z3 to 2/1 of the radius Rd of the recess area in order to secure the current diffusion effect (see FIG. 6).
- the gas supplied from the gas supply means may be the Ar 100%, N 2 0 for a voltage increase at Ar75% or more.:! Up to 25% may be contained and the remainder may be inevitable impurities.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of the shape of the outer surface of the anode tip for preventing the convex deformation of the anode tip in the invention of (2).
- a concave (crown) is formed inside the entire outer surface 33 of the anode tip.
- the height He of the crown is desirably 100 to 500 ⁇ m so that the outer surface can maintain a horizontal plane due to deformation of the outer surface of the anode tip at the time of plasma heating.
- the invention (5) is a combination of the inventions (1) and (2), and can further prevent current concentration.
- a rib is provided on the cooling surface side of the tip of the anode in order to maintain high rigidity.
- Figure 9 shows a vertical cross section of the anode with the rib 34 installed on the outer periphery of the anode tip on the cooling surface side. At least one rib 34 is provided in the circumferential direction, preferably at least four at equal intervals.
- the height Hr, the radial length L r, and the width Dr of the rib 34 are respectively set to the radius Ra of the anode tip end in order to maintain high rigidity and prevent the flow of cooling water. It is preferable to set 1 Z 5 to 23, 1/5 to 2 Z 3 of the anode tip radius Ra, and 1 Z 4 to 1/1 of the cooling channel width D c at the anode tip.
- a rib is installed in the cooling surface, it is necessary to change the shape of the cooling water channel and the partition wall.
- Cr-Cu, Zr-Cu or Cr-Zr It is desirable to use high-strength materials such as Cu.
- FIGS. 10 and 11 The invention of 4) and the invention of (11) are shown in FIGS. 10 and 11.
- a plasma working gas is blown out from the outer surface 26 of the positive electrode tip, and in the vicinity of the outer surface 26 of the positive electrode tip, a gas flow is disturbed or swirled.
- the second gas supply means 43 is preferably a cylindrical pipe penetrating the outer surface of the anode tip, and the outer diameter of the cylindrical pipe ensures that the gas is supplied without obstructing the flow of cooling water. 1 mn to be able to do it!
- the material is preferably stainless steel, copper, or copper with anti-corrosion plating to prevent corrosion.
- the effect of moving the anode spot can be obtained with a single cylindrical tube, but preferably, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 30, one at the center of the anode and one inside the anode. Install 4 to 10 circumferentially at equal intervals inside the installed cooling water channel partition wall 9.
- a permanent magnet 36 is embedded in the anode, and the permanent magnet 36 is rotated, whereby an external magnetic field 38 (FIG. 28, ), And the anode spot can be moved.
- the blades 46 for connecting the permanent magnets are provided in the cooling water passage, and the permanent magnets 36 can be rotated by the flow of the cooling water.
- a copper alloy capable of maintaining high strength is applied to the tip of the anode.
- the thermal conductivity of the copper alloy needs to be equal to or higher than that of oxygen-free copper which is a conventional material.
- copper alloys that satisfy such conditions include Cr-Cu, Zr-Cu, and Cr-Zr-Cu.
- Cr-Zr-Cu commercially available Cr 0.5 ⁇ : 1.5%, ZrO.80 ⁇
- FIG. 14 shows an example of the present invention (the invention of the above (6)) adopting such a shape.
- a projection 51 for facilitating the flow of cooling water 10 is provided at the center of the cooling end of the anode tip.
- the protrusion 51 has a substantially conical shape, and its side surface is streamlined with respect to the flow 10 of the cooling water.
- the projections 51 can prevent a decrease in the flow rate of the cooling water at the center of the tip of the anode on the side of the cooling water, and can improve the burnout limit heat flux.
- the radius Rp of the bottom of the projection and the height Hp of the projection are respectively 1Z1 to 2Z1 and 1Z1 to 3 of the inner diameter Rin of the partition wall 9.
- it is Z 1.
- Fig. 15 shows an example of the present invention (the invention of (7) above) aimed at preventing current concentration on the center of the outer surface of the anode tip by forming the anode tip into an appropriate shape. .
- the center portion 17 of the outer surface of the anode tip is depressed.
- the electric field 32 is perpendicularly incident on the conductor surface, and therefore, by recessing the center of the outer surface of the anode tip, the electric field 32 is more intense than the comparative example shown in FIG.
- the electric flux density at the center can be reduced, and current concentration can be prevented.
- the recessed area is a circle centered on the center of the anode tip and having a radius of 1Z5 to 3Z4 of the radius Ra of the anode tip in order to secure a current concentration prevention area. (See Figure 15, Figure 15).
- the center height Hd of the concave portion is set to 1 to 3/2 /
- the radius Rd of the concave region is 13 to 3 Z4 of the radius Ra on the outer surface of the anode tip.
- the gas supplied from the gas supply means may be Ar vol 0 vol% or Ar 75 vol 1% or more, and N 2 0.1 to 25 vol% is contained due to a voltage rise at the remaining, and the remainder is included. It may be an unavoidable impurity.
- the center of the outer surface of the anode tip is depressed, an increase in the thickness of the tip center due to the provision of the projection 51 can be reduced, and the distance from the cooling surface can be shortened.
- the effect of lowering the temperature of the outer surface of the anode tip can also be aimed at.
- FIG. 17 shows an example of the shape of the outer surface of the anode tip for preventing the convex deformation of the anode tip employed in the invention of (8).
- a dent (crown) is formed inside the entire outer surface 33 of the anode tip.
- the height He of the crown is determined by deforming the outer surface of the anode tip during plasma heating so that the outer surface can maintain a horizontal plane.
- a rib is provided on the cooling surface side of the tip of the anode in order to maintain high rigidity.
- FIG. 18 shows a vertical cross section of the anode in which a rib 34 is provided on the outer peripheral portion on the cooling surface side at the tip of the anode.
- One or more ribs 34 are provided in the circumferential direction, and preferably four or more are provided at equal intervals.
- the height Hr, the radial length r, and the width Dr of the rib 34 are respectively 1 Z 5 of the radius Ra of the anode tip in order to maintain high rigidity and prevent the flow of cooling water.
- ⁇ 2 Z 3 half of anode tip It is preferable that the diameter Ra be 1Z5 to 2Z3 and the cooling water channel width Dc at the tip of the anode be 1/4 to 1/1.
- FIGS. 19 and 20 show examples of the present invention (the invention of the above (10) and the invention of the above (11)) using a disturbance generating device for preventing the formation of an anode spot.
- the plasma working gas is blown out from the outer surface 26 of the anode tip, and a disturbance or swirl is caused in the gas flow near the outer surface 26 of the anode tip.
- the second gas supply means 43 is preferably a cylindrical tube penetrating the outer surface of the anode tip, and the outer diameter of the cylindrical tube can reliably supply gas without preventing the flow of cooling water. It should be 1 mm to 5 mm, and the material is preferably stainless steel, copper, or copper with corrosion protection to prevent corrosion.
- the effect of moving the anode spot can be obtained with a single cylindrical tube.
- one is preferably provided at the center of the anode and the other is provided inside the anode. 4 to 10 pipes will be installed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction inside the partition wall 9 of the installed cooling water channel.
- a permanent magnet 36 is embedded in the anode, and the permanent magnet 36 is rotated, whereby an external magnetic field 38 (FIG. , See) 4.
- an external magnetic field 38 FIG. 22, See
- the blades 46 for connecting the permanent magnets are provided in the cooling water passage, and the permanent magnets 96 can be rotated by the flow of the cooling water.
- a copper alloy capable of maintaining high strength is applied to the tip of the anode.
- the thermal conductivity of the copper alloy needs to be equal to or higher than that of oxygen-free copper which is a conventional material.
- copper alloys that satisfy such conditions include Cr-Cu, Zr-Cu, and Cr-Zr-Cu.
- Cr-Zr-Cu there are commercially available copper alloys of Cr0.5 ⁇ : L5%, ZrO.08 ⁇ 0.30%, and the balance copper.
- FIG. 12, FIG. 13, FIG. 26 and FIG. 27 are cross-sectional views each showing an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a vertical sectional view
- FIG. 17 is a horizontal sectional view.
- the electric field incident on the central part 17 of the outer surface of the anode tip is dispersed and the current density is lower than in the conventional type without the recess 40 (see Fig. 25).
- the recess on the outer surface of the anode tip The boundary 41 with the outside needs to be smooth so as not to form a large convex portion.
- the Cr-Zr-Cu alloy shown by the straight line 50 in the figure has a small creep deformation
- the oxygen-free copper shown by the straight line 49 in the figure has a small creep deformation.
- the Cr—Zr_Cu alloy is less susceptible to creep deformation than oxygen-free copper, and can suppress convex deformation at the anode tip.
- outlets 42a to 42h for blowing the working gas to the outer surface of the anode tip are provided on the circumference at the outer surface of the anode tip, and one outlet 42i (not shown) is further provided.
- the inner pipes 43a to 43h connected to the outlets 42a to 42h and the working gas are provided inside the partition wall 9, and the inner pipes 43i connected to the outlets 42i (not shown) are further provided.
- the inner tubes 42a to 42h are provided obliquely below the anode to cause swirling of the working gas.
- the working gas blown out from the blowout ports 42a to 42i turns near the outer surface of the anode tip, and can move the anode spot.
- FIGS. 13 and 27 Compared with the conventional transfer-type plasma heating anode shown in FIG. 2, the life of the transfer-type plasma heating anode of the present invention was increased by 1.5 to 2 times.
- the anode shown in FIGS. 13 and 27 has the same features as (1) and (4) of the anode shown in FIGS. 12 and 26, and further has the following feature as a fifth feature.
- FIG. 13 is a vertical sectional view
- FIG. 27 is a horizontal sectional view.
- Two permanent magnets 36 are provided in the partition wall 9 inside the anode.
- the two permanent magnets 36 a and 36 b are installed at symmetric positions with the anode as the axis of symmetry, and are connected by the connecting rod 44.
- the connecting rod 44 is connected to a rotating shaft 45 installed vertically 5 ⁇ vertically above the center of the anode tip on the cooling side, and the permanent magnets 36 a 36 b are arranged in a circumferential direction around the rotating shaft 45. It can rotate. Further, by installing the wings 46 fixed to the connecting rods 44 in the cooling water passage 47, the permanent magnets 36 a and 36 b can be rotated in the circumferential direction by the flow of the cooling water 48.
- the magnetic field 38 (see FIG. 28) formed by the permanent magnets 36a and 36b fluctuates periodically with time as the permanent magnets 36a and 36b rotate. Since the moving particles interact with the magnetic field, the movement of ions and electrons in the plasma is also affected by the time-varying magnetic field 38. Therefore, even if an anodic spot is formed on the outer surface of the anode tip, the charged particles are disturbed by the time-varying magnetic field and can move the anodic spot.
- FIG. 21, FIG. 22, FIG. 26, and FIG. 27 are cross-sectional views each showing an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 21 and 26 are as follows (1) and (6).
- FIG. 21 is a vertical sectional view
- FIG. 26 is a horizontal sectional view.
- the thickness of the anode tip is Da 3 mm.
- the broken line 52 indicates the burn-out limit heat flux on the heat transfer surface on the tip cooling side of the conventional anode (see FIG. 2)
- the solid line 53 in the figure indicates the tip cooling side of the present invention.
- the burnout critical heat flux on the heat transfer surface is shown. As shown in FIG.
- the burnout limit heat flux is improved as compared with the conventional anode, and the burnout limit heat flux is kept constant at a high level in the radial direction of the anode tip.
- the electric field incident on the central part 17 of the outer surface of the anode tip is dispersed and the current density is lower than in the conventional type without the recess 40 (see Fig. 25).
- the boundary 41 between the concave portion on the outer surface of the anode tip and the outer side thereof needs to be smooth so as not to form a large convex portion.
- outlets 42a to 42h for blowing the working gas to the outer surface of the anode tip are provided on the circumference of the outer surface of the anode tip, and one outlet 42i is provided at the center of the outer surface of the anode tip.
- the inner pipes 43a to 43h are connected to the outlets 42a to 42h, and the inner pipes 43a to 43h for passing the working gas are provided inside the partition wall 9, and the inner pipe 43i connected to the outlet 42i (not shown) is connected to the anode.
- the inner tubes 42a to 42h are provided obliquely below the anode to cause swirling of the working gas. The working gas blown out from the outlets 42a to 42i turns near the outer surface of the anode tip, and can move the anode spot.
- the life of the transfer-type plasma heating anode of the present invention is increased by 1.5 times to 2 times.
- FIGS. 22 and 27 has the same features as (1) to (4) of the anode shown in FIGS. 21 and 26, and further has the following feature as a fifth feature.
- FIG. 22 is a vertical sectional view
- FIG. 27 is a horizontal sectional view.
- Two permanent magnets 36 are provided in the partition wall 9 inside the anode.
- the two permanent magnets 36 a and 36 b are installed at symmetrical positions with the anode as the axis of symmetry, and are connected by connecting rods 44.
- the connecting rod 44 is connected to a rotating shaft 45 installed vertically 5 mm above the center of the cooling end of the anode tip, and the permanent magnets 36a and 36b are arranged in a circumferential direction around the rotating shaft 45. It is rotatable. Further, by installing the wings 46 fixed to the connecting rods 44 in the cooling water passage 47, the permanent magnets 36a and 36b can be rotated in the circumferential direction by the flow of the cooling water 48. .
- the magnetic field 38 (see FIG. 29) formed by the permanent magnets 36a and 36b periodically changes with time as the permanent magnets 36a and 36b rotate. fluctuate. Since the moving particles interact with the magnetic field, the movement of ions and electrons in the plasma is also affected by the time-varying magnetic field 38. Therefore, even if an anode spot is formed on the outer surface of the anode tip, the charged particles are disturbed by the time-varying magnetic field and can move through the anode spot.
- the life of the transfer-type plasma heating anode of the present invention is increased by 1.5 to 2 times.
- the damage rate of the tip of the anode can be delayed and the life of the apparatus can be extended, so that the present invention has industrial applicability. Is large.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Discharge Heating (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00981694A EP1154678A4 (en) | 1999-12-13 | 2000-12-13 | ANODE FOR HEATING TRANSFER TYPE PLASMA |
US09/913,342 US6649860B2 (en) | 1999-12-13 | 2000-12-13 | Transfer type plasma heating anode |
BRPI0008795-5B1A BR0008795B1 (pt) | 1999-12-13 | 2000-12-13 | Anodo de aquecimento de plasma transferido |
CA002362657A CA2362657C (en) | 1999-12-13 | 2000-12-13 | A transferred plasma heating anode |
AU18886/01A AU762693B2 (en) | 1999-12-13 | 2000-12-13 | Transfer-type plasma heating anode |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP11-353773 | 1999-12-13 | ||
JP11-353772 | 1999-12-13 | ||
JP35377399A JP3595475B2 (ja) | 1999-12-13 | 1999-12-13 | 移行型プラズマ加熱用陽極 |
JP35377299A JP3682192B2 (ja) | 1999-12-13 | 1999-12-13 | 移行型プラズマ加熱用陽極 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001043511A1 true WO2001043511A1 (fr) | 2001-06-14 |
Family
ID=26579917
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2000/008828 WO2001043511A1 (fr) | 1999-12-13 | 2000-12-13 | Anode de chauffage de plasma de type transfert |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6649860B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1154678A4 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100480964B1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU762693B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR0008795B1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2362657C (ja) |
TW (1) | TW469757B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2001043511A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7375302B2 (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2008-05-20 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Plasma arc torch having an electrode with internal passages |
US7375303B2 (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2008-05-20 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Plasma arc torch having an electrode with internal passages |
TW201328437A (zh) * | 2011-12-22 | 2013-07-01 | Atomic Energy Council | 具移動式磁鐵機構之電漿火炬裝置 |
SK500062013A3 (sk) * | 2013-03-05 | 2014-10-03 | Ga Drilling, A. S. | Generovanie elektrického oblúka, ktorý priamo plošne tepelne a mechanicky pôsobí na materiál a zariadenie na generovanie elektrického oblúka |
US11511298B2 (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2022-11-29 | Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. | Corrosion protection for plasma gun nozzles and method of protecting gun nozzles |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH026073A (ja) * | 1988-01-25 | 1990-01-10 | Elkem Technol As | プラズマトーチ |
JPH03205796A (ja) * | 1990-01-04 | 1991-09-09 | Nkk Corp | 移行式プラズマトーチ |
JPH04131694A (ja) * | 1990-09-21 | 1992-05-06 | Nkk Corp | 移行式プラズマトーチ |
JPH04139384A (ja) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-05-13 | Nkk Corp | 移行式プラズマトーチ |
JPH04190597A (ja) * | 1990-11-22 | 1992-07-08 | Nkk Corp | 移行式プラズマトーチ |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NO119341B (ja) * | 1965-04-09 | 1970-05-04 | Inst Badan Jadrowych | |
US3610796A (en) * | 1970-01-21 | 1971-10-05 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Fluid-cooled electrodes having permanent magnets to drive the arc therefrom and arc heater apparatus employing the same |
US4169962A (en) * | 1974-10-02 | 1979-10-02 | Daidoseiko Kabushikikaisha | Heat treating apparatus |
DE3241476A1 (de) * | 1982-11-10 | 1984-05-10 | Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen | Verfahren zur einleitung von ionisierbarem gas in ein plasma eines lichtbogenbrenners und plasmabrenner zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
JPH05302Y2 (ja) * | 1986-04-15 | 1993-01-06 | ||
US5464962A (en) * | 1992-05-20 | 1995-11-07 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Electrode for a plasma arc torch |
JPH07130490A (ja) * | 1993-11-02 | 1995-05-19 | Komatsu Ltd | プラズマトーチ |
JPH0935892A (ja) * | 1995-07-18 | 1997-02-07 | Kobe Steel Ltd | プラズマ発生装置の電極 |
DE19626941A1 (de) * | 1996-07-04 | 1998-01-08 | Castolin Sa | Verfahren zum Beschichten oder Schweißen leicht oxidierbarer Werkstoffe sowie Plasmabrenner dafür |
FR2767081B1 (fr) * | 1997-08-11 | 1999-09-17 | Lorraine Laminage | Procede de rechauffage d'un metal liquide dans un repartiteur de coulee continue au moyen d'une torche a plasma, et repartiteur pour sa mise en oeuvre |
JP3205796B2 (ja) | 1997-10-31 | 2001-09-04 | 株式会社フジキカイ | 縦型製袋充填機における製袋装置 |
-
2000
- 2000-12-12 TW TW089126456A patent/TW469757B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-13 US US09/913,342 patent/US6649860B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-13 EP EP00981694A patent/EP1154678A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-12-13 WO PCT/JP2000/008828 patent/WO2001043511A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-12-13 AU AU18886/01A patent/AU762693B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-12-13 BR BRPI0008795-5B1A patent/BR0008795B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-13 CA CA002362657A patent/CA2362657C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-13 KR KR10-2001-7010216A patent/KR100480964B1/ko active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH026073A (ja) * | 1988-01-25 | 1990-01-10 | Elkem Technol As | プラズマトーチ |
JPH03205796A (ja) * | 1990-01-04 | 1991-09-09 | Nkk Corp | 移行式プラズマトーチ |
JPH04131694A (ja) * | 1990-09-21 | 1992-05-06 | Nkk Corp | 移行式プラズマトーチ |
JPH04139384A (ja) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-05-13 | Nkk Corp | 移行式プラズマトーチ |
JPH04190597A (ja) * | 1990-11-22 | 1992-07-08 | Nkk Corp | 移行式プラズマトーチ |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP1154678A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR100480964B1 (ko) | 2005-04-07 |
AU762693B2 (en) | 2003-07-03 |
TW469757B (en) | 2001-12-21 |
US20020134766A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
BR0008795B1 (pt) | 2014-08-12 |
BR0008795A (pt) | 2001-10-23 |
US6649860B2 (en) | 2003-11-18 |
KR20020011128A (ko) | 2002-02-07 |
CA2362657C (en) | 2005-04-12 |
EP1154678A4 (en) | 2006-08-30 |
AU1888601A (en) | 2001-06-18 |
CA2362657A1 (en) | 2001-06-14 |
EP1154678A1 (en) | 2001-11-14 |
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