Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
  • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
  • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
  • B03C3/14—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by the additional use of mechanical effects, e.g. gravity
  • B03C3/155—Filtration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
  • B03C3/01—Pretreatment of the gases prior to electrostatic precipitation
  • B03C3/014—Addition of water; Heat exchange, e.g. by condensation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
  • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
  • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
  • B03C3/12—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by separation of ionising and collecting stations
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
  • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
  • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
  • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
  • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
  • B03C3/86—Electrode-carrying means
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
  • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
  • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
  • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
  • F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
  • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
  • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
  • F01N3/0217—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters the filtering elements having the form of hollow cylindrical bodies
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
  • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
  • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
  • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
  • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
  • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
  • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
  • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
  • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
  • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
  • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
  • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B35/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for sucking combustion residues from cylinders
  • F02B35/02—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for sucking combustion residues from cylinders using rotary pumps
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
  • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the treatment of a gaseous medium charged with particles and in particular with polluting components or impurities, solid, liquid or gaseous, contained in a gaseous medium, such as the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine. .
• a particular, but not exclusive, application is the purification of exhaust gases from a diesel engine.
• the pollutants coming out of the exhausts include: carbon components: CO, C0 2 ; nitrogen compounds: NO, N0 2 (generally called nitrogen oxides NO x ) ...; - organic compounds, such as hydrocarbons (HC) ...; sulfur compounds: S0 2 , S0 3 , ...; organic particles; etc.
• Emissions of organic particles are mainly characteristic of diesel engines and consist of a carbonaceous material (soot), on which various organic species are adsorbed (SOF: Soluble Organic Fraction).
• oxidation catalysts with a particulate support or with a monolith support, in particular for oxidizing CO and unburnt hydrocarbons.
• the particles are intended to be trapped in a collecting structure, while with the device described in the second of these two documents, the particles form agglomerates on the collecting structure which then detaches from this collecting surface and are entrained by the flow of gas circulating in the device, before being separated from the latter by means of a mechanical separator.
• the invention aims to improve known treatment devices, in particular as regards their effectiveness.
• a device for treating a gaseous medium charged with particles having at least one electrostatic precipitator comprising: a longitudinal envelope; a longitudinal passage for the gases, extending in the envelope and the two opposite ends of which are adjacent to the inlet and outlet of the gases from the electrostatic precipitator, respectively; an emissive structure extending longitudinally and substantially in the center of the passage; and a collecting structure extending longitudinally between the passage and the envelope and comprising a plurality of cavities forming housing for trapping the particles contained in the gaseous medium; characterized in that the emissive structure comprises a plurality of serrated plates arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of the passage and forming points directed towards the collecting structure. Thanks to such a treatment device, a response is provided to the needs which have just been mentioned. This device is particularly effective in terms of collecting particles, as we will see in more detail below.
• the serrated plates consist of stars intended to be connected to a circuit providing a stabilized high voltage (several kV).
• a washer with a central star-shaped recess could, for example, also be suitable.
• Other solid or perforated geometric shapes preferably having a plurality of vertices directed towards the collecting structure can be arranged between these stars.
• These geometric shapes can, for example, consist of washers or rings perforated with holes of different diameters.
• One possible embodiment of the circuit supplying a stabilized high voltage consists in providing a converter or transformer supplying a voltage between 0 and 15 kV with adjustment by a variator.
• the applied voltage is negative and greater than about 6 kV.
• the collecting structure preferably includes a separator or eliminator mattress made from a knitted wire.
• the metallic knitted fabric has an experienced structure facilitating the penetration of the particles into the knitted fabric.
• the separator is of cylindrical shape and surrounds the serrated plates of the emissive structure, aligned on the axis of the cylindrical shape of the collecting structure.
• the emissive structure and the collecting structure are mounted on a support structure with which they form a filter cartridge removable from the treatment device.
• the serrated plates are preferably carried by a rod connected to the circuit supplying a high voltage and which is carried, at each of its ends, by an insulator protected by a bell.
• the treatment device can advantageously include a second electrostatic precipitator, original in itself, and having metal stars carried by one face of a perforated metal disc connected to the circuit providing a high voltage stabilized and mounted. upstream of a cylindrical separator, made from a knitted wire.
• the treatment device preferably also includes an oxidation catalyst with a monolithic support upstream of the electrostatic precipitator (s).
• This treatment device can also include a mechanical filter upstream of the electrostatic precipitator (s) and, where appropriate, the oxidation catalyst, for example for retaining oily emulsions by using a de-saturation filter, for example of the impact type. in inverted V.
• a mechanical filter upstream of the electrostatic precipitator (s) and, where appropriate, the oxidation catalyst for example for retaining oily emulsions by using a de-saturation filter, for example of the impact type. in inverted V.
• the mechanical filter comprises a metal mesh filter, that is to say made from a knitted wire or metallic knitted fabric, defining a forced passage for the gaseous medium entering the device treatment and associated with an electrical resistance adapted to raise the temperature of the gaseous medium.
• Such a filter structure makes it possible to bring the gaseous medium to the operating temperature of the oxidation catalyst. But above all, it makes it possible to produce a particularly compact treatment device by causing the combustion of particles retained in the filter. This results in a lesser quantity of particles to be treated by the electrostatic filter (s) and, consequently, a possible reduction in the size of the treatment device.
• This treatment device can also be provided with an oxidation air inlet and / or a cleaning air inlet. To combat the back pressure phenomena harmful to the proper functioning of an internal combustion engine and associated with such a device, the latter can also be provided with suction means in downstream of the electrostatic precipitator (s).
• the treatment device also comprises at least one cylindrical casing for housing the electrostatic precipitator (s) and, if necessary, the oxidation catalyst and / or the mechanical filter.
• the present invention finally relates to a vehicle equipped with a processing device as defined above.
• FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exhaust gas treatment device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
• Figure 2 is a block diagram of a multi-stage exhaust gas treatment device according to another embodiment of the present invention
• FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a motor vehicle equipped with the device of FIG. 2.
• Such an electrostatic precipitator is based on the combination of the particle charge aspect by creation of ions and the collection of particles under the effect of a local electric field.
• the energy allowing this excitation and ionization phenomenon can be provided by electromagnetic radiation or by a transfer of kinetic energy by shocks.
• the corona effect corresponds to the ionization of the gas when the electric field reaches a disruption gradient.
• the device 1 for treating the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine of FIG. 1 comprises at least one longitudinal cylindrical casing 10 closed at its ends by two covers 11 and 12 and in which is housed a cartridge 20 provided with a crown effect electrostatic precipitator.
• This cartridge 20 comprises a cylindrical cage 21 made of sheet metal perforated forming the envelope of this cartridge.
• Two diametrically opposite openings 22 and 23 are made in this cage 21 to allow the entry and exit of gases in the cartridge 20.
• These openings 22 and 23 communicate with corresponding passages for entry and exit of gases from the 'envelope 10.
• Each of these openings 22 and 23 is, moreover, arranged in the longitudinal direction of the cartridge 20, between a collecting structure 24 and an insulator 25, 26 carrying the emissive structure 27 of the electrofilter with crown effect.
• the collecting structure 24 is produced from a knitted wire in a single piece surrounding the emissive structure 27 between the two openings 22 and 23. It thus delimits a longitudinal cylindrical passage 28 for gases, the two opposite ends of which are adjacent to the two openings 22 and 23.
• the metal knitted fabric of this collecting structure 24 furthermore comprises a plurality of cavities forming housings capable of trapping the particles contained in the gaseous medium passing through this passage 28, as will be seen more in details below.
• this knitting makes it possible, by its seasoned structure, to facilitate the penetration of the particles into the thickness of the knitting.
• the emissive structure 27 comprises a central rod 29 extending axially and carried by the insulators 25 and 26 through which it passes. It comprises, at one of its ends, a terminal 30 for connection to a circuit supplying a stabilized high voltage (not shown in FIG. 1) of the type comprising a converter supplying a negative voltage between 0 and 15 kV, with adjustment by means of a variator. This converter is intended to be connected to the battery of a vehicle receiving the processing device 1.
• an opening 31 made in the cover 11 allows the passage of a connection cable from the terminal 30 to this high voltage circuit.
• the cage 21 and, consequently, the collecting structure 24, is, for its part, connected to ground.
• the serrated plates forming emissive parts and mounted on the rod 29, are constituted by several metal stars 32, that is to say a central support solid provided at its periphery with triangular branches, the points of which are directed towards the collecting structure 24.
• These stars 32 are arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of the passage 28 and the first of them is located opposite the inlet opening gas 22.
• the branches are eight in number here.
• these stars 32 alternate with metal rings or rings 33 perforated with holes of different diameters.
• These washers or crowns 33 have, here, the same diameter as that of the stars 32 and are mounted on the rod 29 so as to be arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of the passage 28.
• the insulators 25 and 26 are made from vitrified ceramic and each comprise an end disc 34, 35 closing the openings defined by the cage 21 at its two longitudinal ends.
• a central tubular part 36, 37 surrounds the rod 29 and extends the corresponding disc 34, 35 towards the inside of the cage 21.
• the external diameter of each of these tubular parts 36, 37 is less than that of the discs 34, 35.
• a bell 38, 39 is fixed to each of these tubular parts 36, 37, on the side of these opposite the side of connection to the respective disc 34, 35.
• These bells 38, 39 of diameter smaller than that of the discs 34,
• Each of the tubular parts 36, 37 of the insulators 25 and 26 is also protected by two concentric deflectors surrounding these tubular parts 36, 37.
• the deflectors fixed respectively to the disc 34 and to the bell
• Each pair of concentric deflectors thus forms a baffle for the gas flow present in the cartridge 20.
• a handle 44 fixed to the disc 35 allows the cartridge 20 to be easily removed from the casing 10.
• the stars 32 not only play the role of emissive structures of the crown effect electrostatic precipitator, but also make it possible to generate local turbulence and disturbances having in particular the effect of deflecting the particles towards the collecting structure 24 while subjecting them an acceleration, but without however causing a re-flight of the particles already trapped in this collecting structure 24.
• the efficiency of such a system was measured in the presence and absence of stars.
• the treatment device was devoid of washers or crowns, of the type with those marked with the numerical reference 33 in FIG. 1.
• the treatment device subjected to the tests consisted of a metal envelope containing two metallic filter cartridges of the type of that carrying the numerical reference 20 in FIG. 1.
• the electrofilters of these cartridges were supplied by a stabilized high voltage supply of - 10 kV.
• This device was mounted on the rear of a Peugeot® 406 HDI brand vehicle equipped with a catalyst, but whose silencer has been removed.
• the tests were carried out on chassis dynamometers according to the UDC (Urban Driving Cycle i.e. Urban Driving Cycle) and EUDC (Extra Urban Driving Cycle i.e. the Extra-Mu Driving Cycle) ros).
• the measurement of the collection efficiency of the treatment device was carried out by weighing difference between the gross emissions (without treatment device) and the emissions in the presence of treatment devices placed at the exhaust outlet.
• this cleaning can be carried out by incorporating an electrical resistance in the collecting structure 24 with a view to burning the particles and regenerating this collecting structure 24 or by injecting air and suction by means of a Venturi system.
• the increase in the thickness of the metallic knitted fabric of this collecting structure 24 also makes it possible also to reduce the noise produced by the gases during their passage through the treatment device 1.
• Such a treatment device 1 makes it possible to produce ozone, in particular by reducing to an acceptable extent the space between the stars 32 and the collecting structure 24.
• This ozone has the advantageous effect of oxidizing certain gaseous compounds present in the exhaust gases.
• the multi-stage treatment device 100 of FIG. 2 comprises from upstream to downstream, that is to say between an inlet 102 and an outlet 103, a mechanical filter 110, an oxidation catalyst 120, a first electrostatic precipitator 130, a second electrostatic precipitator 130 ′ and suction means 150.
• the device 1 in FIG. 1 a device for treating the exhaust gas of a diesel engine. All of these elements are housed in two cylindrical envelopes 60, 60 ', insulated at least at the location of the filter 110 and of the oxidation catalyst 120, communicating with each other, and forming in the case of the motor vehicle of FIG. 3, part of the exhaust line located between the exhaust manifold and the silencer of this vehicle.
• the mechanical filter 110 is, here, fixed to a removable cover 161, closing the upstream end of the longitudinal cylindrical casing 160 and provided with the inlet 2.
• This mechanical filter 110 comprises two concentric cylinders made of perforated sheet metal 111, 112 having the shape of a strainer. Between these two cylinders 111, 112 are placed an electric heating resistor 113 and a multilayer metallic knit 114. As can be seen in FIG. 2, this mechanical filter 110 defines a forced passage for the exhaust gases entering the device. processing 1 by input 2.
• the electrical resistance 113 is a resistance known per se, of the type with temperature regulation.
• a temperature detection probe 115 is provided in the area of the filter 110.
• This resistor 113 is moreover, here, in the form of a helix and surrounds the inner perforated cylinder 112.
• Such a mechanical filter 110 makes it possible, if necessary, to bring the exhaust gases to the operating temperature of the oxidation catalyst 120, but also to trap at least part of the particles contained in the exhaust gases and to cause their combustion.
• the metal knitted fabric 114 is here coated with copper oxide.
• the electrical resistance 113 will therefore be chosen to bring the exhaust gases to a temperature of at least 200-300 ° C, the maximum being between 700 and 800 ° C.
• the exhaust gases leaving the mechanical filter 110 with continuous regeneration then pass through the oxidation catalyst 120.
• the latter comprises a monolith support made of ceramic or metal and intended mainly for ensuring the oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) , nitrogen monoxide (NO) and hydrocarbons (HC).
• CO carbon monoxide
• NO nitrogen monoxide
• HC hydrocarbons
• the exhaust gases leaving the oxidation catalyst 120 will then be treated by the first electrostatic precipitator 130 with crown effect, intended to trap at least part of the particles contained in the exhaust gases and which have not been retained by the mechanical filter 110.
• This electrostatic precipitator 130 comprises an emissive structure 131 upstream of a collecting structure 132. More specifically, the emissive structure comprises a perforated disc 133 having metallic stars 134 projecting from the face of the disc 133 opposite the oxidation catalyst 120. This perforated disc 133 is carried by a threaded rod 135 extending axially and carried by two discs 136a, 136b made of perforated sheet metal enclosing the collecting structure 132. These discs 136a, 136b have a diameter greater than that of the disc 133 and are adjusted to gentle friction inside the casing 160. The downstream end of the threaded rod 135 passes through a removable cover
• the threaded rod 135 passes through the perforated discs 136a, 136b by means of ceramic insulators 137a-137c.
• Nuts 138a-138d are arranged on either side of the insulators 137a-137c and the perforated disc 133 to secure the discs 133, 136a and 136b and the threaded rod 135. We will observe, moreover, in the case of the present embodiment, that these discs 133, 136a and 136b extend perpendicular to the threaded rod 135.
• the collecting structure 132 here connected to ground, comprises a metallic knitted fabric 140, surrounding the insulator 137b and the rod 135, forming a plurality of cavities and extending between the insulator 137b and the casing 160.
• the metallic knit 114 the latter knit 140 is, here, multilayer.
• the load-bearing axes stars 134 extend axially. Furthermore, these stars 134 are, here, with eight triangular branches.
• an air cleaning system making it possible to unclog it periodically before removing it for further cleaning.
• This system comprises, on the one hand, a non-return valve 141 for injecting air at one of the ends of the zone for receiving the first electrostatic precipitator 130 and a connector 142 mounted on the cover 162, on which one comes connect suction means when it is desired to clean the electrostatic precipitator 130. Thanks to the electrostatic precipitator 130, the particles which have succeeded in passing through the mechanical filter 110 are charged and then attracted by the collecting structure 132, where they are trapped in the pore volume formed by the metallic knit 140.
• the structure 131 forming an emissive electrode makes it possible to efficiently charge the particles, while the collecting structure 132 makes it possible to effectively retain at least part of the particles passing through the electrostatic precipitator 130, within the cavities. knitting 140.
• the perforated disc 133 ensures optimum distribution of the exhaust gases before passing through the collecting structure 132.
• the exhaust gases leaving the electrostatic precipitator then arrive in an expansion box 164 formed by the zone located between the 'downstream end of the electrostatic precipitator 130 and the cap 162.
• This box 164 communicates by a cylindrical connection 65 with the inside of the cylindrical casing 160', in order to bring the exhaust gases to the second electrostatic precipitator 130 '.
• the latter is similar to that of FIG. 1, in that the emissive structure 131 'is formed by metallic stars 134' mounted on a threaded rod 135 '.
• These metallic stars here also with eight branches, are thus aligned on the axis of the envelope 160 ′. They are also offset angularly with respect to each other.
• the collecting structure 132 ′ is formed by a cylinder made of perforated sheet 139 ′ extending axially, surrounding the stars 134 ′ and surrounded by a metallic knitted fabric 140 ′, forming a plurality of cavities.
• the emissive structure 131 ′ is here also supplied by a stabilized high voltage (5 kV) by means of the transformer box 163.
• this second electrostatic precipitator 130 ′ it is possible to treat the exhaust gases once again in order to retain an additional quantity of particles, in particular those which could have escaped from the electrostatic precipitator 130 by flight. It will also be noted that these electrostatic precipitators 130, 130 'constitute cartridges which it is easy to install or remove envelopes 160 and 160', respectively, after having removed the caps 162 and 162 ', respectively.
• the treatment device 1 preferably comprises suction means 150 downstream of the second electrostatic precipitator 130 ′ and before the outlet 3. These suction the exhaust gas circulating in the envelopes 160 and 160 ′, and comprise, for this purpose, a suction turbine 151 supplied by a motor 152.
• the exhaust gas treatment device 1 is installed on the exhaust line of a motor vehicle 200 with diesel engine, by means of mounting known per se and between the manifold exhaust and muffler 170 of this vehicle.
• the management of the operation of the electrical resistance 113, of the transformer box 163 and of the suction means 150 can be ensured by the engine management systems already existing on the vehicle 200, by means of an adaptation of these, or by a additional management system autonomous or coupled to existing systems.
• the exhaust gases from the vehicle 4 are treated in a particularly efficient manner, both from the point of view of gaseous pollutant components and of particulate pollutant components. Furthermore, this device is easy to install on the vehicle 4 and easy to maintain. In addition, its cost price is relatively moderate by in relation to the benefits provided.
• the treatment device of the present invention can be used to treat all types of exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine (Diesel, petrol, gas) of any vehicle (automobile, boat, etc.). ..). It can even be installed on a cart for the treatment of exhaust gases from a vehicle under repair in a garage, or even in underground galleries whose gaseous medium is loaded with polluting components.
• an internal combustion engine Diesel, petrol, gas
• the treatment device of the present invention can be used to treat all types of exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine (Diesel, petrol, gas) of any vehicle (automobile, boat, etc.). ..). It can even be installed on a cart for the treatment of exhaust gases from a vehicle under repair in a garage, or even in underground galleries whose gaseous medium is loaded with polluting components.
• the oxidation catalyst with monolithic support can be replaced by an oxidation catalyst with particulate support or any other oxidation catalyst, such as a three-way catalytic converter, or simply be constituted by a catalytic converter. oxidation already existing on the vehicle.
• electrostatic precipitators of the type of that of FIG. 1 it is possible to use several electrostatic precipitators of the type of that of FIG. 1, one after the other, and if necessary in several cylindrical casings, if the cubic capacity of the internal combustion engine so requires. . It is also possible to use the first electrostatic precipitator 130 without the second electrostatic precipitator 130 'and vice versa.
• the cylinders made of perforated sheet metal used in the context of the embodiment of FIG. 1 can also be replaced by cylinders produced from a wire mesh or expanded metal.
• Other mechanical filters such as reverse V-shaped devesiculation filters or finishing filters can complement the treatment device 100 of FIG. 2 or replace the filter 110 or one of the two electrostatic filters 130, 130 ′ .
• the use of such mechanical filters may prove to be advantageous for optimizing the distribution of the gases or for reducing the noises generated by the device, at the outlet of the latter.
• the electrical resistance 113 can be replaced by a resistance having a different configuration. One can also consider operating it discontinuously.
• An air cleaning system can also be provided for second electrostatic precipitator 130 '.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
• Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
• Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
• Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
• Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
• Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
• Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
• Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Priority Applications (9)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=9549818

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (17)

Cited By (6)

Families Citing this family (40)

Citations (5)

Family Cites Families (17)

• 1999
  • 1999-09-14 FR FR9911474A patent/FR2798303B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2000
  • 2000-09-14 US US10/070,932 patent/US7198762B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-09-14 KR KR1020027003373A patent/KR100760242B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-09-14 AU AU75262/00A patent/AU7526200A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-09-14 WO PCT/FR2000/002549 patent/WO2001019525A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2000-09-14 JP JP2001523141A patent/JP4870303B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-09-14 DE DE60034350T patent/DE60034350T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-09-14 CA CA2384755A patent/CA2384755C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-09-14 ES ES00964293T patent/ES2284526T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-09-14 RU RU2002109584/12A patent/RU2256506C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2000-09-14 CN CNB008128154A patent/CN1242849C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-09-14 EP EP00964293A patent/EP1212141B8/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-09-14 AT AT00964293T patent/ATE359124T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2000-09-14 MX MXPA02002822A patent/MXPA02002822A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2000-09-14 HK HK03101192.1A patent/HK1048963B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2000-09-14 BR BRPI0013978-5A patent/BR0013978B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2002
  • 2002-03-13 ZA ZA200202074A patent/ZA200202074B/en unknown

Patent Citations (5)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events