WO2001013451A1 - Bestimmung der brennstoffkonzentration im elektrolyt von mit flüssigem brennstoff betriebenen brennstoffzellen - Google Patents
Bestimmung der brennstoffkonzentration im elektrolyt von mit flüssigem brennstoff betriebenen brennstoffzellen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001013451A1 WO2001013451A1 PCT/DE2000/002771 DE0002771W WO0113451A1 WO 2001013451 A1 WO2001013451 A1 WO 2001013451A1 DE 0002771 W DE0002771 W DE 0002771W WO 0113451 A1 WO0113451 A1 WO 0113451A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- concentration
- electrolyte
- capacitor
- mixture
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/221—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance by investigating the dielectric properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
- H01M8/04194—Concentration measuring cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for determining the fuel concentration in the electrolyte of fuel cells operated with liquid fuel.
- the fuel is preferably, but not exclusively, methanol, so that the invention is particularly suitable for determining the concentration of methanol in the electrolyte of direct methanol fuel cells.
- the invention relates to a device for performing this method.
- a measuring device for determining the concentration of low molecular weight alcohols in water or acids is known from EP 0 684 469 A2.
- This measuring device has a porous anode for the electrochemical oxidation of alcohol, a cathode for the electrochemical reduction of oxygen, an ion-conducting membrane arranged between the anode and cathode and a diffusion-limiting membrane which is arranged on the side of the anode facing away from the ion-conducting membrane is.
- DMFC Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
- the fuel methanol is directly electrochemically oxidized, i.e. implemented without the intermediate step of reforming (see, for example, M. Waidhas in K. Ledjeff (ed.) "Fuel cells: development, technology, application", C.F. Müller Verlag GmbH, Heidelberg
- the object of the invention is to specify a simple online measurement method for determining the fuel concentration in the electrolyte of fuel cells operated with liquid fuel, with the possibility of establishing a closed control loop.
- An associated device is
- the capacitance of a capacitor is measured with the fuel / electrolyte mixture as the dielectric, the dielectric constant of the mixture is determined therefrom, and the fuel concentration is then determined. It is assumed that the fuel mixture consists only of the fuel and electrolyte components. The dielectric constant of this mixture depends on the concentration of the fuel. Since the dielectric constant of the mixture varies monotonically with the mixing ratio of the constituents, the methanol concentration can be determined by measuring the dielectric constant of the mixture.
- the measuring method can be easily temperature-compensated and can therefore be used over a wide temperature range, as is the case, for example, when used in mobile applications.
- a measuring cell is used to determine the capacitance
- the measuring cell forms a sensor for measuring the concentration of components that vary in the liquid.
- the measurement of the capacity i.e.
- the primary measured variable is determined by applying an alternating voltage to the measuring cell and analyzing the resulting alternating current through the cell.
- the measurement frequency is preferably> 20 kHz.
- the liquid fuel can in particular be an alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and glycol, or hydrazine.
- the electrolyte can be water, an acid, such as sulfuric acid, or a base, such as potassium hydroxide solution.
- the fuel / electrolyte mixture is preferably a methanol / water mixture.
- the fuel mixture serves as a dielectric, but it also has a certain electrical conductivity. This conductivity stems both from the intrinsic conductivity of the water and from the methanol present in the mixture and from the carbon dioxide which may be present, which is formed by the oxidation of the methanol. It may therefore be advisable to consider the influence of the loss resistance of the measuring capacitor. For this purpose, the measured alternating current can be analyzed in terms of amount and phase and the capacitive component can be evaluated.
- the measuring cell thus forms a sensor for determining the fuel concentration and has a condenser through which the fuel / electrolyte mixture can flow and means for measuring the capacitance, for determining the dielectric constant and for determining the fuel concentration.
- the fuel mixture is passed through the condenser, the capacity of which is measured.
- the capacitance is a direct measure of the dielectric constant and thus of the concentration of the fuel.
- the capacitor is preferably a plate capacitor.
- a capacitor can have, for example, a plate area of 2 cm 2 and a plate spacing of 1 mm. For example, at a concentration of 2 mol / 1, the capacitance is approximately 170 pF.
- a comb or cylinder geometry can also be used. Suitable measures ensure that no gas bubbles can get stuck in the measuring gap.
- the materials used in the sensor for the housing or the capacitor electrodes must be compatible with the fuel mixture and have sufficient stability over the entire temperature range relevant for the respective application. Come especially with methanol / water mixtures for the insulating parts of the measuring cell, for example, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene or glass.
- the capacitor plates can be made of stainless steel, for example.
- the senor according to the invention can be arranged in front of the fuel cell.
- a mixing section is then located in front of the sensor, into which the fuel mixture depleted from the fuel cell and "concentrated fuel", ie pure fuel or a concentrated fuel / electrolyte mixture, are introduced.
- the sensor supplies a signal, which represents a measure of the actual concentration of the fuel at the fuel line entrance. This signal is compared with a target value, and then more or less concentrated fuel is fed to the mixing section, so that a fuel mixture with the target concentration is present at the fuel cell entrance.
- the senor is arranged in front of the mixing section and supplies a signal for the actual concentration of the fuel in front of the mixing section. In combination with a signal for the mass or volume flow of the fuel mixture, the amount of fuel required to obtain the target concentration can be determined and added.
- the concentration of the fuel is to be measured with the sensor and set to a specific concentration by the control.
- the amount of fuel to be dosed to the fuel mixture depends - in addition to the actual concentration - on the fuel mixture flow, which is variable and load-dependent. This means that the time and control constants in the control loop are load-dependent.
- the specification of a target value is also required for the control. In principle, different approaches are possible for this. In this way, the measuring cell can be calibrated and - based on the relationship between capacity and concentration - the actual value can be determined as an absolute value and compared with the target value specified as a number in a control computer.
- the target value can be generated by means of a second sensor which is filled with a reference solution. Then it is not necessary to absolutely calibrate the sensors; it is simply necessary to ensure that the two sensors have the same characteristic. The comparison between the actual value and the target value can then take place, for example, via a bridge circuit.
- the voltage source must be able to drive the capacitive as well as the ohmic part of the sensor impedance. It can therefore be advantageous to provide the capacitor plates with a thin insulating layer with a high dielectric constant, for example made of barium
- the required methanol concentration is generally in the range below 10% by weight; namely 0.5 to 2.5 molar solutions are used, the concentration being in particular 2 ⁇ rtol / 1.
- the variation in the dielectric constant is approx. 6%.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001517449A JP2003507859A (ja) | 1999-08-16 | 2000-08-16 | 液体燃料で作動する燃料電池の電解質中の燃料濃度の測定方法及び装置 |
EP00962223A EP1206808A1 (de) | 1999-08-16 | 2000-08-16 | Bestimmung der brennstoffkonzentration im elektrolyt von mit flüssigem brennstoff betriebenen brennstoffzellen |
CA002381964A CA2381964A1 (en) | 1999-08-16 | 2000-08-16 | Determination of the fuel concentration in the electrolyte of fuel cells that are operated with liquid fuel |
US10/078,123 US20020109511A1 (en) | 1999-08-16 | 2002-02-19 | Method of determining a fuel concentration in the electrolyte of fuel cells operated with liquid fuel |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19938790.7 | 1999-08-16 | ||
DE19938790A DE19938790A1 (de) | 1999-08-16 | 1999-08-16 | Bestimmung der Brennstoffkonzentration im Elektrolyt von mit flüssigem Brennstoff betriebenen Brennstoffzellen |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/078,123 Continuation US20020109511A1 (en) | 1999-08-16 | 2002-02-19 | Method of determining a fuel concentration in the electrolyte of fuel cells operated with liquid fuel |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001013451A1 true WO2001013451A1 (de) | 2001-02-22 |
Family
ID=7918548
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2000/002771 WO2001013451A1 (de) | 1999-08-16 | 2000-08-16 | Bestimmung der brennstoffkonzentration im elektrolyt von mit flüssigem brennstoff betriebenen brennstoffzellen |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20020109511A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1206808A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2003507859A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2381964A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19938790A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001013451A1 (de) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002093149A2 (en) * | 2001-05-15 | 2002-11-21 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Process and apparatus for determining the ratio of components in a mixture |
US6536262B2 (en) | 1999-09-24 | 2003-03-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Determination of the alcohol concentration in the electrolyte of fuel cells |
US6698278B2 (en) | 2001-12-19 | 2004-03-02 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Indirect measurement of fuel concentration in a liquid feed fuel cell |
US6794067B1 (en) * | 2000-11-29 | 2004-09-21 | Mti Microfuel Cells, Inc. | Fuel cell control and measurement apparatus and method, using dielectric constant measurements |
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DE10296835B4 (de) * | 2001-05-17 | 2014-07-03 | Continental Automotive Systems, Inc. ( n. d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware ) | Kraftstoffsensor und Verfahren für die Bestimmung einer Zusammensetzung eines Kraftstoffgemischs |
US6927583B2 (en) | 2001-05-17 | 2005-08-09 | Siemens Vdo Automotive Inc. | Fuel sensor |
US6946852B2 (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2005-09-20 | Steris Inc. | Method and apparatus for measuring concentration of a chemical component in a gas mixture |
US6897661B2 (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2005-05-24 | Steris Inc. | Method and apparatus for detection of contaminants in a fluid |
US6930493B2 (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2005-08-16 | Steris Inc. | Method and apparatus for monitoring detergent concentration in a decontamination process |
US6992494B2 (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2006-01-31 | Steris Inc. | Method and apparatus for monitoring the purity and/or quality of steam |
US6933733B2 (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2005-08-23 | Steris Inc. | Method and apparatus for measuring the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in a fluid |
US6960921B2 (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2005-11-01 | Steris Inc. | Method and apparatus for real time monitoring of metallic cation concentrations in a solution |
KR100519767B1 (ko) | 2003-04-11 | 2005-10-10 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 센서를 구비하는 연료 전지의 연료량 공급 조절 시스템 |
US6909972B2 (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2005-06-21 | Steris Inc. | Method and apparatus for formulating and controlling chemical concentrations in a solution |
US6917885B2 (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2005-07-12 | Steris Inc. | Method and apparatus for formulating and controlling chemical concentration in a gas mixture |
US7582371B2 (en) * | 2003-06-09 | 2009-09-01 | Panasonic Corporation | Fuel cell system having fuel and water controlling means |
JP4807077B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-24 | 2011-11-02 | 日本電気株式会社 | アルコール濃度測定方法、アルコール濃度測定装置、および当該装置を含む燃料電池システム |
US7431886B2 (en) | 2004-09-24 | 2008-10-07 | Steris Corporation | Method of monitoring operational status of sensing devices for determining the concentration of chemical components in a fluid |
US7902838B2 (en) | 2004-11-17 | 2011-03-08 | Continental Automotive Systems Us, Inc. | Sensor device for determining a fluid property |
US7030629B1 (en) | 2004-11-18 | 2006-04-18 | Siemens Vdo Automotive Corporation | In line fluid quality sensor |
US7222528B2 (en) | 2005-03-03 | 2007-05-29 | Siemens Vdo Automotive Corporation | Fluid level sensor |
DE102005031521A1 (de) * | 2005-06-29 | 2007-01-11 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Brennstoffverbrauchs eines Brennstoffzellensystems, Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brennstoffzellensystems und Brennstoffzellensystem |
US7466147B2 (en) | 2005-08-08 | 2008-12-16 | Continental Automotive Systems Us, Inc. | Fluid quality sensor |
DE102006048825B4 (de) * | 2006-10-09 | 2017-02-09 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Direktoxidations-Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Direktoxidations-Brennstoffzellensystems |
DE102007062165A1 (de) | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-25 | Sabik Informationssysteme Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betrieb einer Brennstoffzelle |
US7775092B2 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2010-08-17 | Ssi Technologies, Inc. | Fuel delivery system and method |
WO2010088770A1 (en) | 2009-02-05 | 2010-08-12 | National Research Council Of Canada | A sensor for measuring the concentration of a solvent or solute in a mixed solution system |
Citations (7)
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DE2114919A1 (en) * | 1971-03-27 | 1972-10-05 | Siemens Ag | Primary cell - for controlling methanol concn in electrolyte - methanol mixtures of galvanic fuel cells |
JPH0273145A (ja) * | 1988-09-07 | 1990-03-13 | Nok Corp | アルコール濃度検出素子 |
US5068617A (en) * | 1988-07-01 | 1991-11-26 | Reich Stefan J | Capacity probe for liquid measurements |
JPH0443946A (ja) * | 1990-06-11 | 1992-02-13 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | アルコール濃度検出方法及び装置 |
JPH06222032A (ja) * | 1993-01-25 | 1994-08-12 | Unisia Jecs Corp | 静電容量式アルコール濃度測定装置 |
JPH075144A (ja) * | 1993-06-15 | 1995-01-10 | Unisia Jecs Corp | 静電容量式アルコール濃度測定装置 |
JPH11352089A (ja) * | 1998-06-04 | 1999-12-24 | Imura Japan Kk | 液体濃度センサ |
-
1999
- 1999-08-16 DE DE19938790A patent/DE19938790A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-08-16 EP EP00962223A patent/EP1206808A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-08-16 CA CA002381964A patent/CA2381964A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-08-16 JP JP2001517449A patent/JP2003507859A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-08-16 WO PCT/DE2000/002771 patent/WO2001013451A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2002
- 2002-02-19 US US10/078,123 patent/US20020109511A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
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DE2114919A1 (en) * | 1971-03-27 | 1972-10-05 | Siemens Ag | Primary cell - for controlling methanol concn in electrolyte - methanol mixtures of galvanic fuel cells |
US5068617A (en) * | 1988-07-01 | 1991-11-26 | Reich Stefan J | Capacity probe for liquid measurements |
JPH0273145A (ja) * | 1988-09-07 | 1990-03-13 | Nok Corp | アルコール濃度検出素子 |
JPH0443946A (ja) * | 1990-06-11 | 1992-02-13 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | アルコール濃度検出方法及び装置 |
JPH06222032A (ja) * | 1993-01-25 | 1994-08-12 | Unisia Jecs Corp | 静電容量式アルコール濃度測定装置 |
JPH075144A (ja) * | 1993-06-15 | 1995-01-10 | Unisia Jecs Corp | 静電容量式アルコール濃度測定装置 |
JPH11352089A (ja) * | 1998-06-04 | 1999-12-24 | Imura Japan Kk | 液体濃度センサ |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
Title |
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DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; AN 2000-120407, XP002157494 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 014, no. 264 (P - 1057) 7 June 1990 (1990-06-07) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 016, no. 220 (P - 1358) 22 May 1992 (1992-05-22) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 018, no. 596 (P - 1825) 14 November 1994 (1994-11-14) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1995, no. 04 31 May 1995 (1995-05-31) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 03 30 March 2000 (2000-03-30) * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6536262B2 (en) | 1999-09-24 | 2003-03-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Determination of the alcohol concentration in the electrolyte of fuel cells |
US6794067B1 (en) * | 2000-11-29 | 2004-09-21 | Mti Microfuel Cells, Inc. | Fuel cell control and measurement apparatus and method, using dielectric constant measurements |
WO2002093149A2 (en) * | 2001-05-15 | 2002-11-21 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Process and apparatus for determining the ratio of components in a mixture |
WO2002093149A3 (en) * | 2001-05-15 | 2003-03-20 | Hrl Lab Llc | Process and apparatus for determining the ratio of components in a mixture |
US6690180B2 (en) | 2001-05-15 | 2004-02-10 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Process and apparatus for determining ratio of fluid components such as methanol and water for reforming feed |
US6698278B2 (en) | 2001-12-19 | 2004-03-02 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Indirect measurement of fuel concentration in a liquid feed fuel cell |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2381964A1 (en) | 2001-02-22 |
JP2003507859A (ja) | 2003-02-25 |
US20020109511A1 (en) | 2002-08-15 |
EP1206808A1 (de) | 2002-05-22 |
DE19938790A1 (de) | 2001-02-22 |
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