WO2000059980A1 - Additif et support d'impression a jet d'encre le contenant - Google Patents
Additif et support d'impression a jet d'encre le contenant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000059980A1 WO2000059980A1 PCT/JP2000/000752 JP0000752W WO0059980A1 WO 2000059980 A1 WO2000059980 A1 WO 2000059980A1 JP 0000752 W JP0000752 W JP 0000752W WO 0059980 A1 WO0059980 A1 WO 0059980A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- additive
- ink
- recording medium
- water
- ink jet
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical class [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013055 pulp slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 48
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 52
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 14
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 13
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 12
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001454 recorded image Methods 0.000 description 8
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical group CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- LCFVJGUPQDGYKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=C(OCC2OC2)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OCC1CO1 LCFVJGUPQDGYKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- QANMHLXAZMSUEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N kinetin Chemical compound N=1C=NC=2N=CNC=2C=1NCC1=CC=CO1 QANMHLXAZMSUEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 4
- MIUUNYUUEFHIHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol A bis(2-hydroxypropyl) ether Chemical compound C1=CC(OCC(O)C)=CC=C1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(C)O)C=C1 MIUUNYUUEFHIHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEUCQOBUZPQUMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolone Chemical compound COC1=C(CC=C(C)C)C(=O)NC2=C1C=CC=C2OC XEUCQOBUZPQUMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UWIULCYKVGIOPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolone Natural products CCOC1=C(CC=CC)C(=O)N(C)c2c(O)cccc12 UWIULCYKVGIOPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000980 acid dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000982 direct dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000985 reactive dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 3
- WTYYGFLRBWMFRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[6-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)hexoxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COCCCCCCOCC1CO1 WTYYGFLRBWMFRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NDAJNMAAXXIADY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)C(N)=N NDAJNMAAXXIADY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCOGKXLOEWLIDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylbutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNC QCOGKXLOEWLIDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SJEYSFABYSGQBG-UHFFFAOYSA-M Patent blue Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(C=1C(=CC(=CC=1)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C1 SJEYSFABYSGQBG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylmethylamine Chemical compound CCNC LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- GVWISOJSERXQBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCNC GVWISOJSERXQBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound COCCOCCO SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOBIOSPNXBMOAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)ethoxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COCCOCC1CO1 AOBIOSPNXBMOAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093475 2-ethoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allylamine Chemical compound NCC=C VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical compound C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 description 1
- BWLUMTFWVZZZND-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibenzylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CNCC1=CC=CC=C1 BWLUMTFWVZZZND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXAYTPABEADAAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CN1CCCN=C1COC(=O)C(O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1CCCCC1 WXAYTPABEADAAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXLMAAFRRWJJPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N S1SC(CCC1)(C(=O)N)C(=O)N Chemical compound S1SC(CCC1)(C(=O)N)C(=O)N AXLMAAFRRWJJPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXEKPEMOWBOYRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-[(1-azaniumyl-1-imino-2-methylpropan-2-yl)diazenyl]-2-methylpropanimidoyl]azanium;dichloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.NC(=N)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(N)=N LXEKPEMOWBOYRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000981 basic dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- XUCHXOAWJMEFLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COC(C=C1)=CC=C1CC(C=C1)=CC=C1OCC1CO1 XUCHXOAWJMEFLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006319 cationized starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006103 coloring component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005265 dialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005266 diarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)CO GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylamine Chemical compound CCCNCCC WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000986 disperse dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- SEGJNMCIMOLEDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyloctan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCNC SEGJNMCIMOLEDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000083 poly(allylamine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002851 polycationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol monomethyl ether Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCO JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/025—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by transferring ink from the master sheet
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/02—Polyamines
- C08G73/0206—Polyalkylene(poly)amines
- C08G73/0213—Preparatory process
- C08G73/022—Preparatory process from polyamines and epihalohydrins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/50—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording
- B41M5/52—Macromolecular coatings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/50—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording
- B41M5/52—Macromolecular coatings
- B41M5/5245—Macromolecular coatings characterised by the use of polymers containing cationic or anionic groups, e.g. mordants
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/54—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen
- D21H17/56—Polyamines; Polyimines; Polyester-imides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an additive containing a cationic resin as a main component, which makes a water-soluble dye water-resistant, and a recording medium for an ink containing the additive on the surface of a substrate or inside the substrate.
- a colored dye or colored pigment dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous or non-aqueous solvent is ejected from one or more nozzles as minute droplets independent of each other, and is ejected onto a recording medium.
- Each droplet is formed as an arbitrary character or image by electronic control.
- the medium As a recording medium of this recording method, it is possible to use plain paper such as paper used for an electrostatic transfer method or paper used for writing, but in order to obtain a good recorded image, it is necessary to use a recording medium. It is necessary that the medium has the following two performances. The first performance is that the ink absorbs well and the ink droplets adhering to the surface of the medium quickly penetrate into the medium and quickly become apparently dry. The second performance is that the ink droplets diffuse and penetrate unnecessarily inside or on the surface of the medium, causing the dots recorded by the ink droplets to become too large or distorted. It is not.
- ink jet recording generally has a very serious problem that a recorded image lacks water resistance.
- the dye may be melted out by rainwater and the recorded image may become unreadable.
- bleeding may occur and image quality may be significantly reduced.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-150396 describes that after printing using an aqueous dye ink, a dye and lake are formed to form a water-resistant ink.
- An invention using a transforming agent has been proposed.
- a method is known in which various compounds are added in advance as an ink waterproofing agent to an ink receiving layer of an ink jet recording medium.
- JP-A-56-59239 discloses a polycationic polymer electrolyte
- JP-A-61-68788 discloses a polyallylamine weak acid salt
- the polyalkylene polyamine dicyandiamidammonium is disclosed in 499990
- chitosan is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-157884
- the cation-modified colloid is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-92011.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 6-92012 proposes a method in which a copolymer of dimethylamine and epichlorohydrin is added to the ink receiving layer in advance.
- examples of the ink waterproofing agent include dicyandiamide / formaldehyde resin, diethylenetriamine / dicyandiamide / ammonium chloride condensate, and (meth) atalyloyloxyalkyltrialkylammonium chloride.
- cationic resins such as dimethyldiarylammonium chloride, ethyleneimine polymer, diarylamine polymer, and ammonium epichlorohydrin / dimethylamine copolymer.
- the above-mentioned water-soluble cationic resin forms a complex by ionic bonding with a dye molecule in an aqueous ink containing anionic water-soluble direct dye, acid dye, reactive dye, etc. It is known to make water-resistant and to prevent discoloration of yarns and fabrics dyed with the above-mentioned water-soluble dye.
- these water-soluble cationic resins form a complex with the dye molecules, if the medium such as water is present around the complex, the complex easily moves from the material to be dyed, so that the apparent water resistance effect is apparent. Even if used for a recording medium for inkjet recording, satisfactory recording quality could not yet be obtained.
- a first object of the present invention is to provide an additive containing a cationic resin as a main component and having a large effect of imparting water resistance to an image or the like dyed or recorded with a water-soluble dye.
- a second object of the present invention is a drawback of the conventional inkjet recording medium.In addition to the lack of water resistance of the recorded characters and images, the resolution and color tone are improved, and the recorded characters and images are converted to silver halide photographs.
- a medium for recording, suitable for multi-color recording by the ink jet recording method which has high resolution as described above and has a small difference between the hue of the recorded characters and images and the original hue of the dye used in the ink. ⁇ 0 Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention provides at least an additive mainly composed of a cationic resin obtained by reacting secondary amine, ammonia, ephalohydrin and a crosslinking agent, and the additive on the surface and / or inside of a substrate.
- the additive of the present invention not only has the effect of improving the water resistance of an image due to the aqueous ink, but can also improve the resolution and color tone of the image.
- the cationic resin of the present invention can be obtained by reacting secondary amine, ammonia, ephalohydrin and a cross-linking agent as essential components. Each of these components may be a single component or a mixture of two or more.
- the secondary amine used in the present invention includes an aliphatic secondary amine, an aromatic secondary amine, and a cyclic secondary amine.
- the aliphatic secondary amine is used. Is preferred.
- the aliphatic secondary amine include dimethylamine, getylamine, dipropylamine, dibenzylamine, ethylmethylamine, methylpropylamine, butylmethylamine, methyloctylamine, methyllaurylamine and the like.
- dialkylamines dimethylamine, diethylamine and ethylmethylamine are particularly preferred.
- the ammonia used in the present invention may be any of liquid ammonia, ammonia gas and aqueous ammonia solution, and the concentration of the aqueous ammonia solution is not particularly limited.
- epihalohydrin used in the present invention examples include epichlorohydrin, epihydrodin, epibu-mohydrin and the like, and among them, epichlorohydrin is particularly preferable.
- crosslinking agent used in the present invention a compound having two or more crosslinking functional groups such as an aldehyde group, an epoxy group, and an isocyanate group can be used.
- a compound having two or more crosslinking functional groups such as an aldehyde group, an epoxy group, and an isocyanate group
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-152544 describes in what reaction order ammonia and amines and hydrin hydrin. It is disclosed that the reaction may be performed in the beginning. However, in the synthesis of the cationic resin of the present invention, a method is used in which a secondary amine and ammonia are preliminarily mixed in a reaction solvent, then ephalohydrins are gradually dropped, and then a crosslinking agent is gradually dropped. If the cross-linking agent is reacted with secondary amine or ammonia first, the reaction becomes heterogeneous, and the desired compound cannot be obtained.
- a secondary amine and ammonia can be prepared by adding water or an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, butanol, ethylene glycolone, dioxane, and dimethinole formamide at room temperature or lower. , 2-ethoxyethanol, dimethylsulfoxide, etc., dropping ephalohydrin, heating and raising the temperature to 30-100 ° C, adding a crosslinking agent, and reacting for 10-20 hours. There is.
- an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, butanol, ethylene glycolone, dioxane, and dimethinole formamide
- the preferred molar ratio of each monomer component (secondary amine: ammonia: epihalohydrin: crosslinking agent) in the cationic resin of the present invention obtained by reacting secondary amine, ammonia, epihalohydrin and a crosslinking agent is as follows: 1: 0.01-2: 0.5-2.5: 0.000 5-0.05, particularly preferably 1: 0.02-: 1: 0.8-2.2 : 0.001 to 0.01.
- the amount of ephalohydrin is less than 0.5 mol, the secondary amine and ammonium cannot react sufficiently with ephalohydrin, so that even if the compound thus obtained is used as a recording medium, It is difficult to obtain an ink jet recorded matter having excellent water resistance of the recorded image. If the amount of ephalohydrin is increased to more than 2.5 mol, the obtained resin becomes hardly soluble or insoluble in water, and thus is not suitable for producing a recording medium in an aqueous system. I have to help. On the other hand, if the amount of the crosslinking agent exceeds 0.05 mol, although the reason is not clear, a preferable compound cannot be obtained, and it becomes difficult to use the compound for producing the recording medium of the present invention. On the other hand, if the amount of the crosslinking agent is less than 0.0005 mol, the crosslinking becomes insufficient, so that an inkjet recording medium having good image water resistance cannot be produced.
- the average molecular weight of the cationic resin of the present invention is preferably from 10,000 to 500,000 by weight average, particularly from 50,000 to 2,500,000. Is preferred. If the weight average molecular weight is more than 500,000, the reactivity with the dye molecules is reduced, so that the water resistance of the recorded image cannot be improved. On the other hand, if the weight average molecular weight is less than 10,000, the reactivity with the dye molecules becomes too high, so that when the ink comes into contact with the ink, it reacts rapidly with the dye molecules in the ink to form a precipitate, In this case, the ink absorbency of the recording medium decreases.
- the cationic resin of the present invention is considered to be formed by copolymerization of secondary amine, ammonia, ephalohydrin and citrus. According to the study of the present inventors, the molecular weight of the cationic resin is still high. The structure is not clear. The state of the reaction system at the stage of completion of the synthesis of the cationic resin is a solution or a colloid, and its pH is 4 to 9. Its color is pale yellow, yellow, tan, reddish brown or brown.
- an additive containing the cationic resin of the present invention as a main component (hereinafter simply referred to as an additive of the present invention)
- a solution at the end of the synthesis of the cationic resin of the present invention or a colloidal state is used as it is. can do.
- the solvent and unreacted monomer may be removed as appropriate.
- agents such as stabilizers and preservatives can be further added to the additives of the present invention to such an extent that the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Paper is typically used as the base material of the ink jet recording medium used in the present invention.
- Appropriate materials are available from those capable of ink jet recording, such as cloth, nonwoven fabric, resin sheet, film, synthetic paper, and metal plate. You can choose.
- Examples of the method for producing an ink jet recording medium containing the additive of the present invention include a method of dipping a substrate in an impregnating liquid containing the additive of the present invention and drying, and a method of forming a layer containing the additive of the present invention on the surface of a recording medium.
- the material production process there may be mentioned a method in which the additive of the present invention is mixed with pulp and other materials to make paper from a stock obtained, and the like, and these methods may be combined. Further, these methods can be carried out by appropriately combining known impregnation methods, coating methods, and internal addition methods.
- drying method examples include ordinary methods such as a steam heater, a gas heater, an infrared heater, an electric heater, a hot air heater, a microwave, and a cylinder dryer. After drying, if necessary, it is possible to impart gloss by a finishing process such as a post-processing process such as a super calender or a soft calendar. In addition, general processing means can be appropriately implemented.
- Water-based inks used for ink-jet recording usually use water-soluble direct dyes, acid dyes, base dyes, reactive dyes, etc. as coloring agents, and water, lower alcohols and their alkyl ethers, etc. as solvents.
- the lower alcohol for example, polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and glycerin are preferable, and as the alkyl ethers thereof, for example, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether and diethylene glycol monoethylene ether are preferable.
- lower alkyl ethers such as triethylene glycol monomethyl ether.
- Other ink additives include, for example, antifungals, bactericides, antioxidants, pH adjusters, dispersants, antioxidants, chelating agents, surfactants, and viscosity adjusters.
- the anion of the dye molecule which is a coloring component contained in the ink, interacts with the additive of the present invention, resulting in water solubility.
- the dye becomes insoluble or poorly soluble in water.
- the image recorded as a picture or a character on the recording medium is made water-resistant, and an excellent image with little blur and high resolution and little change in hue can be obtained.
- the mechanism of the above-mentioned interaction is not clear, the cationic resin obtained by copolymerization of secondary amine, ammonia, epihydric hydrin and a crosslinking agent forms a network structure properly. Although it is solvated after the reaction, it is considered to be slightly soluble in water after being dried, exhibiting an effect superior to conventional cationic resins.
- the additive of the present invention can also prevent color fading of a yarn or cloth dyed with a water-soluble dye, which is considered to be due to the above-mentioned reason.
- additive 1 0.3 g of bisphenol A propoxylate (1 propylene oxide phenol) diglycidyl ether was added using a dropping funnel, and reacted at 90 ° C for 5 hours to obtain a yellow liquid aqueous solution having a solid content of 45%. Obtained.
- the weight average molecular weight of the obtained polymer obtained by high performance liquid chromatography was about 180,000. This is referred to as additive 1.
- Additive 7 1.0 g of hydrogenated bisphenol A diglycidyl ether was added using a dropping funnel and reacted at 60 for 7 hours to obtain a yellow liquid aqueous solution having a solid content of 40%.
- the weight average molecular weight of the obtained polymer determined by high performance liquid chromatography was about 500000. This is referred to as Additive 7.
- the ink jet recording medium of Example 1 was manufactured by performing a calendar process. At the time of coating, water was added to adjust the concentration of the resin, and the amount of adhered substrate was adjusted appropriately.
- Example 2 was repeated except that the additives 1 used in Example 1 were replaced by the additives 2 to 8 synthesized in Synthesis Examples 2 to 8 and the additives 9 to 12 prepared in Comparative Synthesis Examples 1 to 4.
- An ink jet recording medium was produced in exactly the same manner as in Example 1.
- An ink jet recording medium was produced in exactly the same manner as in Example 1, except that water was applied instead of applying the additive 1 used in Example 1.
- an ink (trade name: Cytex 1007, black ink manufactured by Cytex Corp .; Cytecx 101, Cytex Corp.) Red Ink; Cytex 1 0 1,2, Sitetsu
- the substrate was immersed in deionized water at 20 ° C. for 30 seconds, left to dry, and the degree of bleeding was visually determined.
- ⁇ indicates good without bleeding
- ⁇ indicates good bleeding but not practically problematic
- ⁇ indicates bleeding and problematic in practical use
- X indicates large bleeding and poor.
- a secondary amine, ammonia, epihalohydrin and a cross-linking agent are essential components, and an additive mainly composed of a cationic resin obtained by reacting them is added to the base material surface of the recording medium and Alternatively, by containing it inside, it is possible to obtain a high-resolution ink jet recorded image having water resistance and little bleeding.
- the additive of the present invention it is possible to obtain a recording medium suitable for multi-color recording by an ink jet recording method, having a small difference in dye hue, and having high resolution and excellent image reproducibility including color reproducibility. Further, the additive of the present invention can also prevent color fading of yarn or cloth dyed with a water-soluble dye.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Ink Jet Recording Methods And Recording Media Thereof (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00902911A EP1172392B1 (en) | 1999-03-31 | 2000-02-10 | Additive and ink-jet recording medium containing the same |
AT00902911T ATE304566T1 (de) | 1999-03-31 | 2000-02-10 | Zusatzmittel und tintenstrahlaufzeichnungsmaterial das dieses enthält |
US09/937,099 US6861111B1 (en) | 1999-03-31 | 2000-02-10 | Additive and inkjet recording medium using additives |
DE60022639T DE60022639T2 (de) | 1999-03-31 | 2000-02-10 | Zusatzmittel und tintenstrahlaufzeichnungsmaterial das dieses enthält |
KR10-2001-7012188A KR100435294B1 (ko) | 1999-03-31 | 2000-02-10 | 첨가제 및 그것을 사용한 잉크젯용 기록매체 |
JP2000582472A JP3483032B2 (ja) | 1999-03-31 | 2000-02-10 | 添加剤及びそれを用いたインクジェット用記録媒体 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP11/90970 | 1999-03-31 | ||
JP9097099 | 1999-03-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000059980A1 true WO2000059980A1 (fr) | 2000-10-12 |
Family
ID=14013371
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2000/000752 WO2000059980A1 (fr) | 1999-03-31 | 2000-02-10 | Additif et support d'impression a jet d'encre le contenant |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6861111B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1172392B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3483032B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100435294B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1313510C (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE304566T1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60022639T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2000059980A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2019056050A (ja) * | 2017-09-20 | 2019-04-11 | ソマール株式会社 | カチオン性填料処理剤 |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI120510B (sv) * | 2004-12-23 | 2009-11-13 | M Real Oyj | Tryckpapper och förfarande för framställning därav |
CN113026396B (zh) * | 2021-04-08 | 2023-02-24 | 绍兴盛鑫印染有限公司 | 一种固色剂及应用该固色剂的棉布轧染染色工艺 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5137773A (en) * | 1990-03-02 | 1992-08-11 | Xerox Corporation | Transparencies |
JPH10147057A (ja) * | 1996-11-15 | 1998-06-02 | Senka Kk | インクジェット記録紙用添加剤 |
JPH10152544A (ja) * | 1996-11-22 | 1998-06-09 | Nippon P M C Kk | 塗工用カチオン性樹脂、インクジェット記録用紙及びインクジェット記録用紙の製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3954680A (en) | 1974-05-06 | 1976-05-04 | Nalco Chemical Company | Stabilized electroconductive polymers |
JPS61152731A (ja) | 1984-12-26 | 1986-07-11 | Dick Hercules Kk | 紙塗工用樹脂の製造方法 |
JPH07290818A (ja) * | 1994-03-04 | 1995-11-07 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | インクジェット記録用タックシート |
JPH0890900A (ja) * | 1994-09-28 | 1996-04-09 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | インクジェット記録媒体および記録物 |
US5614597A (en) * | 1994-12-14 | 1997-03-25 | Hercules Incorporated | Wet strength resins having reduced levels of organic halogen by-products |
US6150289A (en) * | 1997-02-14 | 2000-11-21 | Imerys Pigments, Inc. | Coating composition for ink jet paper and a product thereof |
EP0947350B1 (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 2003-06-04 | Oji Paper Co., Ltd. | Ink jet recording material |
-
2000
- 2000-02-10 US US09/937,099 patent/US6861111B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-02-10 EP EP00902911A patent/EP1172392B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-10 CN CNB008057044A patent/CN1313510C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-02-10 KR KR10-2001-7012188A patent/KR100435294B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-02-10 JP JP2000582472A patent/JP3483032B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-02-10 WO PCT/JP2000/000752 patent/WO2000059980A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 2000-02-10 DE DE60022639T patent/DE60022639T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-02-10 AT AT00902911T patent/ATE304566T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5137773A (en) * | 1990-03-02 | 1992-08-11 | Xerox Corporation | Transparencies |
JPH10147057A (ja) * | 1996-11-15 | 1998-06-02 | Senka Kk | インクジェット記録紙用添加剤 |
JPH10152544A (ja) * | 1996-11-22 | 1998-06-09 | Nippon P M C Kk | 塗工用カチオン性樹脂、インクジェット記録用紙及びインクジェット記録用紙の製造方法 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2019056050A (ja) * | 2017-09-20 | 2019-04-11 | ソマール株式会社 | カチオン性填料処理剤 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60022639T2 (de) | 2006-06-29 |
CN1345346A (zh) | 2002-04-17 |
ATE304566T1 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
CN1313510C (zh) | 2007-05-02 |
JP3483032B2 (ja) | 2004-01-06 |
EP1172392A4 (en) | 2003-03-26 |
EP1172392B1 (en) | 2005-09-14 |
DE60022639D1 (de) | 2005-10-20 |
KR100435294B1 (ko) | 2004-06-10 |
EP1172392A1 (en) | 2002-01-16 |
US6861111B1 (en) | 2005-03-01 |
KR20010112367A (ko) | 2001-12-20 |
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