WO2000024810A1 - Verfahren zur vollständigen trocknung von hydrogelen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur vollständigen trocknung von hydrogelen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000024810A1 WO2000024810A1 PCT/EP1999/007747 EP9907747W WO0024810A1 WO 2000024810 A1 WO2000024810 A1 WO 2000024810A1 EP 9907747 W EP9907747 W EP 9907747W WO 0024810 A1 WO0024810 A1 WO 0024810A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- drying
- hydrogels
- hydrogel
- particles
- moist
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F6/00—Post-polymerisation treatments
- C08F6/008—Treatment of solid polymer wetted by water or organic solvents, e.g. coagulum, filter cakes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
- B29B13/06—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by drying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B1/00—Preliminary treatment of solid materials or objects to facilitate drying, e.g. mixing or backmixing the materials to be dried with predominantly dry solids
- F26B1/005—Preliminary treatment of solid materials or objects to facilitate drying, e.g. mixing or backmixing the materials to be dried with predominantly dry solids by means of disintegrating, e.g. crushing, shredding, milling the materials to be dried
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
- C08J2300/14—Water soluble or water swellable polymers, e.g. aqueous gels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for the complete drying of hydrogels with a drying efficiency which is significantly improved compared to the prior art.
- Gels are substances whose state is between that of a solid and a liquid. Gels consist of polymeric, i.e. long, chain-like molecules that are linked together to form a three-dimensional network and are embedded in a liquid medium. In the case of hydrogels, the liquid medium is water.
- the polymer backbone of hydrogels is formed by hydrophilic monomer units and can be both neutral and ionic.
- neutral hydrophilic monomer units are ethylene oxide, vinyl alcohol, meth (acrylamide), N-alkylated (meth) acrylamides, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, N-vinylamides, N-vinylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-methyl - Acetamide, N-vinyl-N-methylformamide, hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates such as hydroxyethyl methacrylate, vinyl pyrrolidone, (meth) acrylic acid ester of polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether, allyether, of polyethylene glycols, sugar units such as glucose or galactose.
- Examples of cationic hydrophilic monomer units are ethylene imine (in the protonated form), diallyldimethylammonium chloride and trimethylammonium propyl methacrylamide chloride.
- Examples of anionic monomer units are meth (acrylic acid), crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, vinylphosphonic acid, 2-methacryloyloxiethanesulfonic acid, 4-vinylbenzenesulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, vinyltoluenesulfonic acid and vinylbenzene sulfonic acid (vinylbenzene sulfonic acid and vinylbenzene sulfonic acid). all listed compounds each in the deprotonated form).
- Hydrogels which can be obtained by polymerizing unsaturated acids, such as, for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and acrylamindopropanesulfonic acid in the presence of small amounts of polyolefinically unsaturated compounds, are already known as superabsorbent polymers and are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 4,057,521, US Pat -4,062,817, US-A-4,525,527, US-A-4,286,082, US-A-4,340,706 and US-A-4,295,987.
- unsaturated acids such as, for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and acrylamindopropanesulfonic acid in the presence of small amounts of polyolefinically unsaturated compounds
- hydrogels are also known which are accessible by graft copolymerization of olefinically unsaturated acids onto different matrices, such as, for example, polysaccharides, polyalkylene oxides and their derivatives.
- graft copolymers are for example from US-A-5 011 892, US-A-4 076 663 and US-A-4 931 497).
- the hydrogels mentioned above are notable for their high absorption capacity for water and aqueous solutions and are therefore preferably used in dried, ground and sieved form as absorbents in hygiene articles.
- the grain size distribution of the hydrogels is between 0 and 2000 ⁇ m, preferably between 100 and 1000 ⁇ m.
- Hydrogels are usually dried after they have been comminuted using known contact or convective drying processes.
- Examples of contact dryers are heating plate, thin-film, roller, contact belt, sieve drum, screw, tumble or contact disk dryers
- examples of convection dryers are tray, chamber, channel, flat sheet, plates -, rotary drum, trickle shaft, screen belt, current, atomization, fluidized bed, fluid bed, paddle or ball bed dryer (Kirk-Othmer 7, 326-398; (3.) 1, 598-624; 8 , 75-130, 311-339; 5, 104-112; Ullmann 1, 529-609; 11, 642 ff .; (4.) 2, 698-721; vt Industrial practice: "Advances in the field of cover dryer, Part 1: Design Process, E.
- Moist hydrogel particles are rubbery-elastic and tend to stick together, so that they lead to considerable disturbances in the subsequent grinding and sieving process of the material to be dried, which are undesirable. In practice, drying conditions are therefore chosen that represent a compromise between the utilization of the dryer capacity and the processability of the material to be dried.
- the hydrogel is dried using a well-known contact or convective drying process.
- the type of drying process is not critical, but roller drying and screen belt drying are preferred, in which perforated hordes of a circular conveyor are loaded with drying material in a tunnel and the drying material is dried during the conveyance by blowing hot air through the tray holes.
- the drying conditions are preferably selected such that the proportion of material to be dried with a residual moisture content greater than 10% by weight is between 5 and 40%, and preferably between 10 and 30% of the total material to be dried. Under these drying conditions, an economically advantageous utilization of the
- the hydrogel pre-shredded in this way is fed to a coarse or crushing roller mill.
- the gap adjustment is carried out so that the dry, brittle hydrogel particles are broken down to an average particle size of 0.1-10 mm, preferably 0.3-10 mm, while the moist, rubber-like elastic hydrogel particles are only deformed under these conditions, but not broken.
- the larger, moist hydrogel particles are separated from the dry, comminuted hydrogel particles by sieving, a vibrating perforated sieve with a hole diameter of 8 to 12 mm being preferably used.
- the oscillation frequency is 10 to 50 Hz, preferably 20 to 30 Hz.
- the oscillation range is between 1 and 10 mm, preferably 2 to 5 mm, the inclination of the horizontal is between 5 and 45 °, preferably between 5 and 25 °.
- the dry, comminuted hydrogel particles pass through the perforated sieve and can be used for further processing such as grinding and sieving to adjust the particle size distribution.
- the separated, larger, larger hydrogel particles are either returned to the stream of hydrogel to be dried or fed to a separate after-drying. Separate post-drying in suitable drying apparatus such as e.g. Disc or shovel - dry.
- suitable drying apparatus such as e.g. Disc or shovel - dry.
- the subsequently dried hydrogel particles can then be returned to the drying stream for pre-comminution.
- the method according to the invention permits the complete drying of hydrogels with a significantly improved utilization of the dryer capacity compared to the prior art. This results in higher productivity of the entire manufacturing process, which in turn leads to a reduction in production costs.
- a hydrogel consisting of 65% by weight of water and 35% by weight of a crosslinked polyacrylic acid with a degree of neutralization of 74 mol% was comminuted in an extruder and subjected to sieve belt drying. The drying took place at an air temperature of 180 ° C, the air speed was 2 m / s. In the last chamber of the belt dryer, the material to be dried was cooled to a temperature below 60 ° C. The residence time of the hydrogel in the belt drying was 30 minutes, the drying capacity under these conditions was 2200 kg hydrogel / h. The cooled material to be dried was pre-crushed to an average particle size of 5 mm using a finger crusher.
- the pre-comminuted hydrogel was then fed to a coarse roller mill, the gap setting was 1.5 mm. This was followed by screening using a vibrating perforated screen with a hole size of 10 mm. 25% of the product was used as moist, larger hydro gel particles retained, while the remaining 75% passed through the perforated sieve as dry, smaller hydrogel particles.
- the dry hydrogel particles were ground using a two-stage roller mill and sieved to a grain size of 120 - 850 ⁇ m. The moist, larger hydrogel particles were completely dried in a paddle dryer and then returned to the finger crusher for pre-crushing.
- Comparative Example 1 The procedure was as in Example 1, but the moist hydrogel particles were not separated off, and instead the entire product stream was subjected to two-stage grinding after being comminuted. The experiment had to be terminated after 5 minutes, as the rolls of the two-stage roll mill bonded by the 'wet hydrogel particles.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002346492A CA2346492A1 (en) | 1998-10-27 | 1999-10-14 | Complete drying method for hydrogels |
US09/807,447 US6641064B1 (en) | 1998-10-27 | 1999-10-14 | Complete drying method for hydrogels |
EP99948991A EP1135430A1 (de) | 1998-10-27 | 1999-10-14 | Verfahren zur vollständigen trocknung von hydrogelen |
JP2000578374A JP2002528582A (ja) | 1998-10-27 | 1999-10-14 | ヒドロゲルを完全に乾燥する方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19849499A DE19849499A1 (de) | 1998-10-27 | 1998-10-27 | Verfahren zur vollständigen Trocknung von Hydrogelen |
DE19849499.8 | 1998-10-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000024810A1 true WO2000024810A1 (de) | 2000-05-04 |
Family
ID=7885796
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1999/007747 WO2000024810A1 (de) | 1998-10-27 | 1999-10-14 | Verfahren zur vollständigen trocknung von hydrogelen |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6641064B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1135430A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2002528582A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2346492A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19849499A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000024810A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US6576713B2 (en) | 2000-02-29 | 2003-06-10 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Water-absorbent resin powder and production process therefor |
US7009010B2 (en) | 2001-12-19 | 2006-03-07 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Water-absorbent resin and production process therefor |
EP1949011B2 (de) † | 2005-11-16 | 2016-05-11 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung wasserabsorbierender polymerpartikel |
Families Citing this family (29)
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GB0222522D0 (en) | 2002-09-27 | 2002-11-06 | Controlled Therapeutics Sct | Water-swellable polymers |
GB0417401D0 (en) | 2004-08-05 | 2004-09-08 | Controlled Therapeutics Sct | Stabilised prostaglandin composition |
DE102005014291A1 (de) * | 2005-03-24 | 2006-09-28 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung wasserabsorbierender Polymere |
GB0613333D0 (en) | 2006-07-05 | 2006-08-16 | Controlled Therapeutics Sct | Hydrophilic polyurethane compositions |
GB0613638D0 (en) | 2006-07-08 | 2006-08-16 | Controlled Therapeutics Sct | Polyurethane elastomers |
GB0620685D0 (en) | 2006-10-18 | 2006-11-29 | Controlled Therapeutics Sct | Bioresorbable polymers |
EP2471848B2 (de) | 2009-08-28 | 2017-11-29 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Herstellungsverfahren für wasserabsorbierende harze |
CN102498135B (zh) | 2009-09-16 | 2014-02-19 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 吸水性树脂粉末的制造方法 |
EP2527390B1 (de) | 2010-01-20 | 2020-08-12 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Verfahren zur herstellung eines wasserabsorbierenden harzes |
EP2527391B1 (de) | 2010-01-20 | 2023-08-09 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Verfahren zur herstellung eines wasserabsorbierenden harzes |
WO2011099586A1 (ja) | 2010-02-10 | 2011-08-18 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法 |
JP5632906B2 (ja) | 2010-03-12 | 2014-11-26 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 吸水性樹脂の製造方法 |
KR101946227B1 (ko) | 2010-04-07 | 2019-02-08 | 가부시키가이샤 닛폰 쇼쿠바이 | 폴리아크릴산(염)계 흡수성 수지분말의 제조방법 및 폴리아크릴산(염)계 흡수성 수지분말 |
CN102858815B (zh) | 2010-04-26 | 2016-07-06 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 聚丙烯酸(盐)、聚丙烯酸(盐)系吸水性树脂及其制造方法 |
US20130043384A1 (en) | 2010-04-26 | 2013-02-21 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Polyacrylic acid (salt), polyacrylic acid (salt)-based water-absorbing resin, and process for producing same |
JP5616437B2 (ja) | 2010-04-27 | 2014-10-29 | 株式会社日本触媒 | ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法 |
WO2012102406A1 (ja) | 2011-01-28 | 2012-08-02 | 株式会社日本触媒 | ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法 |
JP5722921B2 (ja) | 2011-01-28 | 2015-05-27 | 株式会社日本触媒 | ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法 |
US9580519B2 (en) | 2011-04-20 | 2017-02-28 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for producing polyacrylic acid (salt)-based water absorbent resin |
EP2709682B1 (de) * | 2011-05-18 | 2016-12-14 | Basf Se | Verwendung wasserabsorbierender polymerpartikel zur absorption von blut und/oder menstruationsflüssigkeit |
KR101992816B1 (ko) | 2011-06-29 | 2019-06-25 | 가부시기가이샤 닛뽕쇼꾸바이 | 폴리아크릴산(염)계 흡수성 수지 분말 및 그 제조 방법 |
CN104520357B (zh) | 2012-08-01 | 2017-03-29 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 聚丙烯酸(盐)系吸水性树脂的制造方法 |
WO2014032909A1 (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2014-03-06 | Basf Se | Process for producing water-absorbing polymer particles |
WO2014033083A1 (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2014-03-06 | Basf Se | Process for producing water-absorbing polymer particles |
US9550843B2 (en) | 2012-11-27 | 2017-01-24 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Method for producing polyacrylic acid (salt)-based water absorbent resin |
CN105452303B (zh) | 2013-08-28 | 2017-04-26 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 吸水性树脂的制造方法 |
US9969849B2 (en) | 2014-02-19 | 2018-05-15 | Basf Se | Method for drying particulate polymers |
CN114562869A (zh) * | 2016-05-31 | 2022-05-31 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 用于产生干燥的聚合物颗粒的带式干燥器装置及方法 |
KR102566284B1 (ko) | 2018-11-14 | 2023-08-10 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법 |
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US3905122A (en) * | 1973-05-02 | 1975-09-16 | Nitto Chemical Industry Co Ltd | Method for drying polymer hydrogel |
US4914170A (en) * | 1987-11-17 | 1990-04-03 | Rohm And Haas Company | Superabsorbent polymeric compositions and process for producing the same |
EP0497623A2 (de) * | 1991-02-01 | 1992-08-05 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von hydrierten Polymergelpartikeln und absorbierendes Harz |
EP0508810A2 (de) * | 1991-04-10 | 1992-10-14 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Partikeln von Hydrogelpolymerisaten und absorbierendes Harz |
EP0811636A1 (de) * | 1996-06-05 | 1997-12-10 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von vernetztem Polymer |
EP0948997A2 (de) * | 1998-04-07 | 1999-10-13 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Vefahren zur Herstellung eines absorbierenden Harzes |
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JPS51125468A (en) | 1975-03-27 | 1976-11-01 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | Method of preparing resins of high water absorbency |
US4062817A (en) | 1977-04-04 | 1977-12-13 | The B.F. Goodrich Company | Water absorbent polymers comprising unsaturated carboxylic acid, acrylic ester containing alkyl group 10-30 carbon atoms, and another acrylic ester containing alkyl group 2-8 carbon atoms |
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US4525527A (en) | 1982-01-25 | 1985-06-25 | American Colloid Company | Production process for highly water absorbable polymer |
DE3738602A1 (de) | 1987-11-13 | 1989-05-24 | Cassella Ag | Hydrophile quellbare pfropfpolymerisate, deren herstellung und verwendung |
DE3911433A1 (de) | 1989-04-07 | 1990-10-11 | Cassella Ag | Hydrophile quellfaehige pfropfpolymerisate, deren herstellung und verwendung |
US6100305A (en) * | 1996-10-24 | 2000-08-08 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Method of production of water-absorbing resin |
-
1998
- 1998-10-27 DE DE19849499A patent/DE19849499A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-10-14 WO PCT/EP1999/007747 patent/WO2000024810A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-10-14 JP JP2000578374A patent/JP2002528582A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-10-14 CA CA002346492A patent/CA2346492A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-10-14 EP EP99948991A patent/EP1135430A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-10-14 US US09/807,447 patent/US6641064B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
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US3905122A (en) * | 1973-05-02 | 1975-09-16 | Nitto Chemical Industry Co Ltd | Method for drying polymer hydrogel |
US4914170A (en) * | 1987-11-17 | 1990-04-03 | Rohm And Haas Company | Superabsorbent polymeric compositions and process for producing the same |
EP0497623A2 (de) * | 1991-02-01 | 1992-08-05 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von hydrierten Polymergelpartikeln und absorbierendes Harz |
EP0508810A2 (de) * | 1991-04-10 | 1992-10-14 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Partikeln von Hydrogelpolymerisaten und absorbierendes Harz |
EP0811636A1 (de) * | 1996-06-05 | 1997-12-10 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von vernetztem Polymer |
EP0948997A2 (de) * | 1998-04-07 | 1999-10-13 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Vefahren zur Herstellung eines absorbierenden Harzes |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6576713B2 (en) | 2000-02-29 | 2003-06-10 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Water-absorbent resin powder and production process therefor |
US7009010B2 (en) | 2001-12-19 | 2006-03-07 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Water-absorbent resin and production process therefor |
EP1949011B2 (de) † | 2005-11-16 | 2016-05-11 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung wasserabsorbierender polymerpartikel |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19849499A1 (de) | 2000-05-04 |
JP2002528582A (ja) | 2002-09-03 |
EP1135430A1 (de) | 2001-09-26 |
US6641064B1 (en) | 2003-11-04 |
CA2346492A1 (en) | 2000-05-04 |
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