Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
  • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
  • C05G3/70—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting wettability, e.g. drying agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
  • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
  • C05G3/50—Surfactants; Emulsifiers

Definitions

• low-foaming wetting aids are offered here in the form of a highly concentrated, yet flowable and pourable aqueous concentrate based on surfactants for intensifying the penetration and spreading of water in the area of plant rooting during irrigation, these wetting aids being an ecologically compatible surfactant component alkyl (poly) - contain glycoside compounds of the O / W type - hereinafter also referred to as "APG compounds" - and in admixture therewith olefinically unsaturated fatty alcohols and, if appropriate, additional partial esters of fatty acids with polyfunctional alcohols as foam inhibitors / defoamers and additionally lower water-soluble alcohols as viscosity regulators.
• APG compounds alkyl
• APG compounds of the O / W type are to be used as surfactant auxiliaries, which are known to find great practical use in very different technical fields today.
• APG compounds are surfactant additives in the field of detergents and cleaning agents, including textile detergents.
• Nonionic surfactants based on APG of the type in question are distinguished by a particularly high foaming power in aqueous preparations. For use in the area of detergents and cleaning agents, this is generally desired by the consumer; for the work area affected according to the invention, this is not only undesirable, it can represent a pronounced burden.
• Conventional additives with a foam-suppressing effect are known in the field of detergents and cleaning agents, but are not suitable for promoting the healthy plant growth in the work area concerned according to the invention.
• the teaching of the older application also starts from the task of being able to simultaneously offer the desired combination of recyclables in the form of concentrates which can be easily diluted with water, with the concentrate also being able to be adequately portioned even in the range of standard temperatures.
• the technical solution in the sense of the teaching of the earlier application lies in the multi-substance combination cited above, which contains the APG compounds of the O / W type together with selected foam brakes of the type mentioned in an aqueous concentrate, the viscosity of which is achieved by using limited amounts of lower water-soluble alcohols is regulated.
• APG-based wetting aids of the type concerned here not only require the irrigation water to penetrate into the soil structure and thus, in particular, into the plant root area, which shows the aqueous mixture of valuable substances which has been introduced into the soil and / or applied to the aerial plant component an unexpected effect also compared to the problem area of the undesired leaching of water-soluble nitrate into the groundwater
• the subject of the invention is the use of ecologically compatible surfactant compounds from the class of water-soluble surfactant compounds from the class of water-soluble surfactant compounds
• Alkyl (ol ⁇ go) glycosid compounds of the O / W type by their entry into the surface of the soil as an auxiliary for controlling the nitrate leaching from the plant root area of cultivated soil during their irrigation and / or irrigation
• the class of APG compounds addressed here and used according to the invention are ecologically compatible components with surfactant action, which are surfactants of the O / W type in the embodiment selected according to the invention under the normal conditions of use, in particular in the temperature ranges customary here Convert water-insoluble and, in the temperature range mentioned, in particular flowable organic components when they are mixed with water into the form of the oil-in-water preparations
• these APG compounds and, in particular, aqueous preparations of these surfactants can be added with a time delay and / or simultaneously with N-containing conventional inorganic and / or organic fertilizers onto or into the surface of the soil.
• the APG compounds also apply - Connections or their aqueous preparations are staggered and / or preferably entered at the same time with organically bound carbon-containing C-suppliers for increasing the growth of soil-borne microorganism populations and here in particular for strengthening the corresponding microorganism flora
• organically bound carbon-containing C-suppliers are in In this sense hpophile saturated and / or olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbon residues with fat structure and both aerobic and also anaerobically degradable organic compounds which are introduced into the soil together with the APG compounds in the form of the aforementioned O / W emulsions and / or dispersions.
• the APG compounds in admixture with fatty alcohols and / or partial esters of fatty acids with lower polyfunctional alcohols - expediently in the form of the aqueous preparations shown - are applied to the soil and thus incorporated into the upper layers of the soil.
• APG compounds preferred according to the invention are characterized in that at least partially and in particular at least predominantly alkyl (oligo) glucoside compounds are used, the alkyl radical of which is at least predominantly derived from straight-chain fatty alcohols.
• Compounds of this type are surfactant auxiliaries for a wide range of uses. A number of factors are important for their practical use on a large industrial scale today: APG-based wetting agents can be known to be completely based on natural substances. They are obtained as reaction products by reacting fatty alcohols with mono-, oligo- and / or polysaccharides.
• APG oligosaccharides
• a depolymerization is first triggered by hydrolysis and / or alcohol lysis before the desired APG compounds form.
• Preferred saccharide components for the formation of APG are glucose or corresponding oligo- or polyglucose.
• Suitable reactants are, however, also saccharide compounds based on mannose, galactose, arabinose and other comparable monomer, oligo- and / or polyglycosides.
• APG compounds of the type suitable according to the invention are obtained as reaction products of the general formula RO- (G) x , in which R is a primary, preferably straight-chain and aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having at least 6 C atoms, preferably with 8 to 24 C atoms and in particular with 8 to 18 carbon atoms and G stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose.
• the degree of oligomerization x - and thus the so-called DP value - which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is usually a value between 1 and 10 in the surfactant class concerned here and is, for example, in the range from about 1.2 to 5, preferably in the range from about 1.2 to 4 and in particular in the range from 1.2 to 2.
• HLB values which are preferably in the range above 7 and in particular above 8 or 9, the HLB range from 10 to 18 can be of particular importance.
• these mixture components are of multifunctional importance in the multi-substance mixtures used according to the invention.
• they are valuable components for the practical use of multicomponent mixtures in aqueous diluted preparations as foam retardants, on the other hand they serve as a carbon source for microorganism growth and especially for the growth promotion of organotrophic microorganisms when used in the soil and in particular in the area of plant roots. Due to natural degradation processes, fatty alcohols can be degraded both aerobically and anaerobically.
• the C source essential for organotrophic growth according to the invention their molecular structure shows hpophilic carbons hydrogen residues with a fat structure and thus a comparatively increased concentration of the energy-supplying C-H groups.
• Fatty alcohols preferred according to the invention in the multi-component mixture are distinguished by at least 6 to 8 carbon atoms in the molecule, olefinically 1- and / or polyunsaturated fatty alcohols having 10 to 28 carbon atoms and in particular corresponding fatty alcohols having 12 to 24 carbon atoms being particularly preferred can.
• Another preferred parameter for the selection of suitable fatty alcohols lies in the solidification ranges of these mixture components. Corresponding components with solidification regions are preferred Temperatures equal to / less than 20 ° C and especially at temperatures in the range equal to / less than 10 to 15 ° C.
• fatty acid partial esters of in particular lower polyfunctional alcohols can also be important mixture components in the sense of the teaching according to the invention.
• Corresponding compounds having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and in particular 3 to 5 carbon atoms are particularly suitable here on the side of the polyfunctional lower alcohols. Due to the easy accessibility as a natural product, corresponding glycerol partial esters can be of particular importance.
• the fatty acids of the class of partial esters concerned here usually belong to the range of corresponding compounds with 10 to 24 C atoms, with corresponding monocarboxylic acids in the range from C 12 . 20 may be particularly suitable.
• Fatty acids of the type concerned here are known to be technically widely available as natural material-based feedstocks.
• olefinically 1- and / or polyunsaturated fatty acids can be particularly preferred.
• a particularly suitable class of the active substances concerned here are partial esters of glycene with olefinically unsaturated C 16/18 monocarboxylic acids, the corresponding monoesters in turn being of particular importance.
• a technologically widely available fatty acid ester of this type is glycerol monooleate.
• Fatty acid esters of the constitution described here can be degraded both aerobically and anaerobically by natural degradation processes in the soil. They are also essential sources of C for the organotrophic growth of microorganisms in the immediate vicinity of the plant root. Their use also indirectly strengthens plant growth by stimulating soil-borne growth
• either only fatty alcohols or only partial fatty acid esters can be used as mixture components together with the APG compounds. In one embodiment, however, combinations of fatty alcohols and fatty acid partial esters are used.
• Preferred mixing ratios - based on the proportions by weight of the anhydrous components - are approximately in the range from 1: 1 to 1:10.
• Mixing ratios of the fatty alcohols and fatty acid partial esters (parts by weight of the anhydrous components) can preferably be in the range from 1: 1 to 1: 5, particularly corresponding mixtures in the range from 1: 1 to 1: 3 are preferably used.
• the APG components are used in at least approximately equal amounts by weight, based on fatty alcohols and / or partial esters, with mixing ratios of APG: fatty alcohol and / or partial esters in the range from 1: 1 to 5: 1, preferably from 1: 1 to 3: 1 and in particular in the range from 1.5 to 2.5: 1 are preferred.
• the numerical values given here relate in each case to the proportions by weight of the mixture of substances and in each case based on the anhydrous mixture component (s).
• teaching according to the invention is not restricted to such use of APG components in excess. Mixtures of substances with a corresponding excess of the fatty alcohols and / or fatty acid partial esters used as foam retardants also fall within the scope of the teaching according to the invention.
• Multi-component mixtures of the type concerned according to the invention are usually made available to the trade and the user in the form of flowable aqueous concentrates, according to the statements made in the earlier German application 19701127.6 mentioned above, which then in each case is the appropriate dilution with further water for applying the multi-substance mixture to the soil and the plant does.
• their sufficient portionability must also be ensured in the range of normal temperature.
• the teaching of the older application mentioned makes it clear that when aqueous APG concentrates are mixed with the foam brakes / defoamers based on fatty alcohol and / or partial esters, thickened gels which are no longer flowable are easily formed.
• lower monofunctional alcohols are corresponding compounds with up to 4 carbon atoms.
• the teaching according to the invention provides, in addition to the previously mentioned components of the mixture of valuable substances, lower polyhydric alcohols and, in particular, those which are flowable at room temperature to use lower polyhydric alcohols as mixture components.
• These polyhydric alcohols can also have polyfunctional importance in the context of the multi-substance mixture.
• liquid mixture components with comparatively high boiling points they promote the flowability and thus the portionability, which is particularly desirable for handling the concentrate.
• these components have a nutritional character in the sense of an additional C source for microorganism growth, especially in the rhizosphere and / or the mycorrhiza area.
• Preferred polyhydric alcohols are corresponding compounds having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, with particular importance being assigned here to glycerol and / or glycol.
• the high water solubility of the components affected here can provide further assistance in the practical use of the multi-component mixtures.
• Preferred amounts for the mixture components discussed here are usually at most 30 to 35% by weight, preferably at maximum amounts of 20 to 25% by weight and in particular in the range from 5 to 15% by weight - in each case based on the multi-substance mixture in the form of the concentrate described above, which is then diluted with water for application to the floor surfaces to be treated.
• olefinically unsaturated terpene alcohols are also suitable as foam inhibitors / defoamers.
• the terpene alcohols are acyclic or mono-, bi- or tricyclic polyolefinically unsaturated alcohols of vegetable origin which contain between 10 and 40 carbon atoms.
• the terpene alcohols are preferably used in the form of their naturally occurring mixtures as a foam brake / defoamer.
• pine oil a mixture of different terpinols such as ⁇ - and ⁇ -terpineol, ⁇ -fenchyl alcohol, borneol and isoborneol as described in the Römpp chemistry dictionary, page 3451, volume 4, 9th edition 1991.
• Pine Oil contains minor amounts of other non-alcoholic compounds, e.g. Camphor, anethole and tarragol.
• the pine oil is obtained from resinous stumps and the root wood of various types of pine by extraction with, for example, gasoline or chloroform and subsequent fractionation and distillation.
• the defoamer components are usually present in smaller amounts than the APG component - in each case based on Active substance. Mixtures in which the defoamer components can be used in significantly smaller amounts are preferred.
• multi-substance concentrates are suitable in the sense according to the invention whose defoamer content is in the range from approximately 10 to 25% by weight and preferably in the range from approximately 15 to 20% by weight.
• the type and amount of the lower water-soluble monofunctional alcohols used as viscosity regulators are determined by the main components mentioned above, the lower water-soluble polyhydric alcohols which may also be used, and the total amount of water present in the multicomponent mixture. Additional amounts of the viscosity regulator in the range of at least about 5 to 7% by weight as the lower limit and 12 to 25% by weight as the upper limit are particularly suitable. Amounts of ethanol in the range from about 5 to 20% by weight and in particular 10 to 15% by weight generally result in sufficient viscosity influences in the sense of the desired flowability and pourability of the multicomponent mixture even in the region of room temperature.
• the water content of the multicomponent concentrates is generally at most about 50% by weight, but in preferred embodiments is lower. Ranges of at most about 30 to 45% by weight are particularly suitable for the water content of the multicomponent mixture. As a rule, the water content is chosen to be significantly lower and is then, for example, 10 to 20% by weight, preferably in the range of 10 to 15% by weight.
• the surfactant-containing multicomponent mixtures according to the invention are applied in aqueous diluted form to the floors to be treated in such amounts that at least about 0.5 to 1 g / m 2 and preferably at least about 3 to 5 g / m 2 of the APG-containing Multi-component mixtures - based on the anhydrous mixture of valuable substances - are entered into or into the ground.
• Preferred upper limits for the application amount of the multicomponent mixtures - again based on the anhydrous mixture - are 25 to 30 g / m 2 , but the use of higher amounts, for example up to 40 g / m 2 or up to 50 g / m 2, is also important are for the teaching of the invention.
• the application of surfactant-containing combinations of valuable substances in the sense of the teaching according to the invention can be carried out once or several times in the course of the year and in particular in the course of the growth phase.
• the timing of the order of the Multi-substance mixtures within the meaning of the invention can be related in particular to the type and amount of the soil application to be carried out in each case.
• the prophylaxis of the undesired washing out of nitrates by using the auxiliaries defined according to the invention is understandably in particular by the amount available in individual cases on the basis of general specialist knowledge of washable nitrate are influenced.
• APG compounds of the O / W type in the sense of the teaching according to the invention, aqueous preparations of the commercial product sold by the applicant under the protected name "Magic Wet” are used.
• Magic Wet is a mixture of valuable substances of the type defined above, which is in the form of a contains aqueous concentrate in addition to the surfactant APG compounds of the O / W type foam brakes from the field of fatty alcohols and fatty acid partial esters together with a viscosity regulator.
• Moist freshly applied agricultural loess soil is homogenized in a mortar and sieved to a mesh size of 5 mm. Because of its history, the soil used contains N and in particular contains soluble nitrate. The dry weight of the soil used is determined to be 86.5% by weight. 50 g of the moist soil are placed in 10 cm long glass frits filled, which are attached upright to tripods, so that each glass frit can be drizzled or poured with the test solution used from above. The eluates are collected below the glass frit.
• Each glass frit is drizzled with 1 ml of test solution from above and poured with 5 ml of water or valuable substance solution. Within 5 to 10 minutes this volume of liquid has penetrated the soil in the glass frit and is absorbed therein.
• the subsequent elution step is carried out by adding 5 ml of water to the top of the glass frit to be eluted.
• the eluate is collected.
• the amount of the eluate collected and the nitrate concentration in the eluate are determined in mg / l.
• test batch of Examples 1 to 6 defined below is carried out in repeated three-fold repetition as follows: A first series of tests determines the liquid elution practically immediately after application and distribution of the test solution used in the soil within the glass frit concerned. A second series of tests is only carried out 7 days after the application and entry of the test solution to be tested. The third series of experiments finally increases the time between the introduction of the test solution into the soil and the subsequent elution to 14 days. The following applies in particular:
• Example 1 experiment; Pure tap water is used as a test solution.
• Example 2 A 1.25% by weight aqueous solution from Magic Wet is used as the test solution.
• Example 3 An aqueous 2.5% by weight magic wet solution is used as the test solution.
• Example 4 A 5.0% by weight aqueous Magic Wet solution is used as the test solution.
• Example 5 A 3% by weight aqueous substrate solution is used as the test solution.
• Example 6 The aqueous substrate solution mentioned above is used here with the use of 1.25% by weight of Magic Wet as test solution.
• Examples 1 to 4 While in Examples 1 to 4 no additional nitrogen is introduced into the soil sample to be investigated in each case, Examples 5 and 6 work with an amount of N added of 50 mg soil of 9 mg each.
• the elution volume in ml is determined after 0 days, after 7 days and after 14 days. The following values are obtained:
• the elutable volume of water i.e. H. the water holding capacity of the soil is slightly increased in Examples 2 to 6 compared to Comparative Example 1 immediately after the application of the respective test solutions, after 7 and after 14 days this effect can no longer be determined.
• the one-time application of the “Magic Wet” material mixture according to the invention led to a drastic reduction in the nitrate discharge in leachate.
• the nitrate leaching of monoliths fertilized with Floranid Master was reduced from 58 mg NO 3 / l to 45 mg NO 3 / l.
• test substrate is a naturally grown, agriculturally used soil. It could be shown that the mixture of recyclable materials according to the invention can also contain nitrate discharge in agricultural practice. On the one hand, this protects the groundwater from further nitrate pollution, on the other hand it retains valuable fertilizers in the root area of the crop plants and contributes to the more effective use of fertilizers.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Fertilizers (AREA)
• Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

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Citations (6)

• 1998
  • 1998-07-10 DE DE19830887A patent/DE19830887A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1999
  • 1999-07-01 AU AU49034/99A patent/AU4903499A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-07-01 MX MXPA01000272A patent/MXPA01000272A/es unknown
  • 1999-07-01 JP JP2000559067A patent/JP2002520246A/ja active Pending
  • 1999-07-01 CN CN99808365A patent/CN1308595A/zh active Pending
  • 1999-07-01 BR BR9911982-0A patent/BR9911982A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-07-01 WO PCT/EP1999/004532 patent/WO2000002833A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-07-01 PL PL99345490A patent/PL345490A1/xx unknown
  • 1999-07-01 KR KR1020017000369A patent/KR20010053467A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-07-01 TR TR2001/00057T patent/TR200100057T2/tr unknown
  • 1999-07-01 EP EP99932766A patent/EP1097114A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-07-01 CA CA002337536A patent/CA2337536A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-07-01 HU HU0105436A patent/HUP0105436A2/hu unknown

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