WO1999053219A1 - Courroie de transmission a reglage continu - Google Patents
Courroie de transmission a reglage continu Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999053219A1 WO1999053219A1 PCT/JP1999/001110 JP9901110W WO9953219A1 WO 1999053219 A1 WO1999053219 A1 WO 1999053219A1 JP 9901110 W JP9901110 W JP 9901110W WO 9953219 A1 WO9953219 A1 WO 9953219A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- metal element
- metal
- speed
- pulley
- ring
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
- F16G5/00—V-belts, i.e. belts of tapered cross-section
- F16G5/16—V-belts, i.e. belts of tapered cross-section consisting of several parts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a belt for a continuously variable transmission in which a large number of metal elements are supported on a metal ring assembly in which a plurality of endless metal rings are stacked.
- a pair of mutually parallel main surfaces 38 and 39 orthogonal to the traveling direction are provided on the front and rear surfaces of the metal element 32 in the traveling direction.
- An inclined surface 41 is continuously provided radially inside the main surface 38 on the front side in the traveling direction, and a pair of adjacent metal elements 32 extend between the main surface 38 and the inclined surface 41. Pitching around the rocking edge 40 can be performed. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, when the metal element 32 moves from the drive pulley 6 to the driven pulley 11, the main surfaces 38, 39 of the metal elements 32 adjacent to each other are applied. When the metal element 32 is wound around the drive pulley 6 or the driven pulley 11, it is possible to avoid interference between the metal elements 32 by pitching the locking edge 40 times.
- the metal element 32 of the belt for the continuously variable transmission performs a linear translational movement at the chord between the drive pulley 6 and the driven pulley 11, the moving speed of each part of the metal element 32 is the same. is there.
- the metal element 3 2 is wound around the drive pulley 6 and the driven pulley 11, the rotary motion is performed about the rotation axis of the pulley 6, 11, so that the metal element 3 2 moves radially outward.
- the moving speed of the portion is higher than the moving speed of the radially inner portion.
- the speed of the locking edge 40 of the metal element 32 wound around the pulley 6 and 11 is (pitch). Circular velocity) is equal to the velocity of each part of the metal element 32 that linearly moves the chord. That is, the speed of the locking edge 40 is the same whether the metal element 32 is wrapped around the pulleys 6, 11 or not (the chord). Therefore, the metal element 3 2
- the speed of the metal element 32 in the radially outer portion than the locking edge 40 is higher than the speed of the mouthing edge 40, and the radius is larger than that of the locking edge 40.
- the speed of the inner part in the direction becomes smaller than the speed of the rocking edge 40.
- the adjacent metal element 3 2 has the main surfaces 3 8, 3 9
- the metal element 3 2 Since a slight gap is generated, the metal element 32 may be inserted into the drive pulley 6 while being inclined in the advancing direction (while pitching occurs) in the portion A in FIG.
- the chord near the outlet of the drive pulley 6 has the metal element 32 to resist the inter-element pushing force. Since movement to eliminate the pitching and to close the gap between the metal elements occurs, problems such as increased wear of the metal element 32 and the drive pulley 6 and reduced power transmission efficiency occur.
- the belt for a continuously variable transmission described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-225840 discloses that the center of gravity G of the metal element 32 is located near the locking edge 40 or higher than the locking edge 40. By positioning it radially outward, a gap is prevented from being formed between the metal elements 32 at the chord between the driven pulley 11 and the drive pulley 6, and the metal elements 32 are kept in close contact with each other. The drive pulley 6 is inserted smoothly.
- the speed of the center of gravity G of the metal element 32 at the chord between the pulleys 6 and 11 is equal to the pitch circular speed
- the speed of the center of gravity G of the metal element 32 wound around the pulleys 6 and 11 is If the center of gravity G is located radially outward of the mouthing edge 40, it will be greater than the pitch circular velocity.
- the kinetic energy of the metal element 3 2 that separates from the driven pulley 11 becomes larger than the kinetic energy of the metal element 3 2 in the chord, and the difference in the kinetic energy causes the element 3 2 in the chord to move forward. (Drive pulley 6 side) In this state, the drive pulley 6 is smoothly inserted.
- the center of gravity G of the metal element 32 is allowed to be 0.5 mm radially inward of the locking edge 40, but if the center of gravity G is located radially inward of the locking edge 40.
- the kinetic energy of the metal element 3 2 leaving the driven pulley 11 becomes smaller than the kinetic energy of the metal element 32 in the chord, and the metal elements 32 in the chord are in close contact with each other. It is impossible to insert into the drive pulley 6 without pitching. Therefore, the center of gravity G of the metal element 32 needs to be radially outside the locking edge 40. In other words, when the speed of the locking edge 40 at the moment when the metal element 32 leaves the driven pulley 11 is Vr, and the speed of the center of gravity G of the metal element 32 is Vg, Vr Must be established.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has as its object to correctly define an appropriate range of the center of gravity of a metal element and to insert a metal element in a chord into a drive pulley without pitching. I do.
- a number of metal elements are supported on a metal ring aggregate in which a plurality of endless metal rings are stacked, and the metal ring is wound around a drive pulley and a driven pulley.
- the metal element has a ring slot that supports the metal ring assembly, and is in contact with each other via the locking edge so as to be able to pitch.
- the metal element leaving the driven pulley is a chord.
- the metal element in the chord portion is forcibly pushed forward with a larger kinetic energy than the metal element in the above, and can be inserted into the drive pulley without being pitched in a state where they are in close contact with each other.
- the velocity V g of the center of gravity of the metal element is set to be smaller than the velocity V s at the outer end of the ring slot in the radial direction, the metal element leaving the driven pump has excessive kinetic energy in the traveling direction.
- the metal elements on the chords can be smoothly brought into close contact with each other and can be inserted into the drive pulley without pitching by avoiding falling down.
- V k the speed at the radially inner end of the ring slot of the metal element
- V g ⁇ V s holds where V r ⁇ V k.
- FIG. 1 is a Sgelton diagram of a power transmission system of a vehicle equipped with a continuously variable transmission
- FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view of a metal belt
- FIG. Fig. 2 is a view in the direction of arrows in Fig. 2
- Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a metal belt wound around a drive bull and a driven pulley
- Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating a method of adjusting the center of gravity of a metal element
- Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating V.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 3 for explaining the relationship of r ⁇ V k ⁇ V g ⁇ V s, FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing dimensions of each part of the metal element
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing each region of the metal belt.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing a change in speed in each region of the metal belt.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the problems of the conventional example. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- Fig. 1 shows the schematic structure of a metal belt type continuously variable transmission T mounted on an automobile.
- An input shaft 3 connected to a crankshaft 1 of an engine E via a damper 2 is connected via a starting clutch 4.
- the drive pulley 6 provided on the drive shaft 5 includes a fixed pulley half 7 fixed to the drive shaft 5 and a movable pulley half 8 that can be moved toward and away from the fixed pulley half 7.
- the movable side pulley half 8 is urged toward the fixed side burry half 7 by hydraulic pressure acting on the oil chamber 9.
- the driven shaft 11 provided on the driven shaft 10 arranged in parallel with the drive shaft 5 includes a fixed-side burley half 1 2 fixed to the driven shaft 10 and this fixed-side pulley half 1 2
- the movable side pulley half 13 is provided with a hydraulic pressure acting on the oil chamber 14 so as to be biased toward the fixed side pulley half 12.
- a metal belt 15 supporting a large number of metal elements 3 2 is wound around a pair of left and right metal ring assemblies 3 1, 3 1 (see Fig. 2). .
- Each metal ring assembly 31 is formed by stacking 12 metal rings 33.
- a forward drive gear 16 and a reverse drive gear 17 are supported on the driven shaft 10 so as to be relatively rotatable.
- the forward drive gear 16 and the reverse drive gear 17 are selected by a selector 18. It can be applied to the driven shaft 10.
- An output shaft 19 arranged in parallel with the driven shaft 10 is provided with a driven gear 20 for forward engagement with the drive gear 16 for forward travel, and an idle gear 21 for reverse travel on the reverse drive gear 17.
- the reverse driven gear 22 that is engaged is fixed.
- the rotation of the output shaft 19 is input to the differential 25 via the final drive gear 23 and the final driven gear 24, and transmitted to the drive wheels W, W via the left and right axles 26, 26 from there. Is done. -Thus, the driving force of engine E is crankshaft 1, damper 2, input Power is transmitted to the driven shaft 10 via the shaft 3, the starting clutch 4, the drive shaft 5, the drive pulley 6, the metal belt 15 and the driven pulley 11.
- the driving force of the driven shaft 10 is transmitted to the output shaft 19 via the forward drive gear 16 and the forward driven gear 20 to cause the vehicle to travel forward.
- the reverse travel range the driving force of the driven shaft 10 is transmitted to the output shaft 19 via the reverse drive gear 17, the reverse idle gear 21 and the reverse driven gear 22, and To run backward.
- the hydraulic pressure acting on the oil chamber 9 of the drive pulley 6 and the oil chamber 14 of the driven pulley 11 of the metal belt type continuously variable transmission T is controlled by the hydraulic control unit u 2 which operates according to a command from the electronic control unit.
- the gear ratio is adjusted steplessly. That is, if the oil pressure acting on the oil chamber 14 of the driven bully 11 is increased relative to the oil pressure acting on the oil chamber 9 of the drive pulley 6, the groove width of the driven pulley 11 is reduced. Since the effective radius increases and the groove width of the drive pulley 6 increases to decrease the effective radius, the speed ratio of the metal belt type continuously variable transmission T changes steplessly toward LOW.
- a metal element 32 punched and formed from a metal plate has a substantially trapezoidal element body 34 and a pair of left and right ring slots into which metal ring assemblies 31 are fitted. And a substantially triangular key portion 36 connected to the upper portion of the element body 34 via 35, 35.
- a pair of bully contact surfaces 37, 37 that can contact the V surfaces of the drive pulley 6 and the driven pulley 11 are formed.
- a pair of front and rear main surfaces 38 and 39 are formed on the front side and the rear side of the metal element 32 in the direction of travel and perpendicular to the direction of travel and parallel to each other.
- An inclined surface 41 is formed at the lower portion of the lower surface of the vehicle through a locking edge 40 extending in the left-right direction.
- a convex portion 42 and a concave portion 43 are respectively formed on the main surface 38 on the front side in the traveling direction and the main surface 39 on the rear side in the traveling direction corresponding to 36.
- the center of gravity G of the metal element 32 is located radially outward of the locking edge 40 and the radial outer ends 35,, 35, of the ring slots 35, 35 Are also located radially inward.
- the speed of the locking edge 40 at the moment when the metal element 32 leaves the driven pulley 11 is Vr
- the speed of the center of gravity G of the metal element 32 is Vg
- the speed of the ring slots 35, 35 is Vg.
- adjacent metal elements 3 2 on the dwelling chord (chord transmitting the driving force) extending from the drive pulley 6 toward the driven pulley 11 are:
- the driving force is transmitted in a state where the front main surface 38 and the rear main surface 39 are brought into contact with each other, and the front convex portion 42 is fitted into the rear concave portion 43.
- the metal element 32 wound around the drive pulley 6 and the driven pulley 11 is disengaged from the main surfaces 38, 39 and swings around the locking edge 40, so that the pulleys 6, 11 Align radially in the radial direction.
- the metal element 32 Since the metal element 32 has a larger kinetic energy than the metal element 32 on the return chord and is discharged to the return chord, the element 32 on the chord is driven by the drive pulley. You can forcibly push forward toward 6. As a result, the metal element 32 on the return-side chord portion gradually decreases as the gap generated at the outlet side of the driven pulley 11 approaches the drive pulley 6, and furthermore, the inclined metal The element 32 gradually rises up, and at the entrance side of the drive pulley 6 They are aligned closely with each other and inserted into the drive pulley 6 in a posture without pitching. Thereby, problems such as an increase in wear of the metal element 32 and the drive pulley 6 and a decrease in power transmission efficiency can be solved.
- FIG. 5 shows a method for adjusting the position of the center of gravity G of the metal element 32.
- the radially outer ends 35 have 35 ring slots 35, 35, the contact and the radially inner ends 35 2, 35 2, even in the chord portion of the element between the pressing force is not working, the metal ring A slight vertical force N, N acts between the aggregates 31, 31.
- the inner peripheral velocity V a and the outer peripheral velocity Vb of the metal ring assemblies 31, 31 in the chord are not the same as the velocity V r of the locking edge 40 of the metal element 32, and as will be described later, Va> V r and Vb> There is V r.
- the speed (pitch line speed) of the locking edge 40 of the metal element 32 at the chord between the drive pulley 6 and the driven pulley 11 is V r
- the angular speed of the drive pulley 6 is ⁇ ⁇
- the angular speed of the driven pulley 11 is Is ⁇ ⁇
- the pitch radius of the drive pulley 6 is R DR
- the pitch radius of the driven pulley 11 is 1 ⁇ ,.
- the drive pulley 6 and the driven pulley 11 Vk DR and Vk DN are the speeds of the radial inner ends 35 2 and 35 2 of the ring slots 35 and 35, respectively.
- Vk DR (R DR + d) * ⁇ ⁇ - (R DR + d) * (Vr / R DR ) .
- Va-Vr Vk D -Vr
- the inner peripheral speed Va of the metal ring assemblies 31, 31 becomes higher than the speed Vr of the mouthing edge 40.
- the gear ratio is 1. is the OD side than 0, rotates without substantially relative sliding layers of-ring slot 35, 35 in the radially inner end 35 2, 35 2 and the metal ring 33 in the drive pulley 6 side Therefore, the inner peripheral velocity V a of the metal ring assemblies 31, 31 is substantially equal to the ring slot 35, 35 radially inner end of the 35 2, 35 2 of the speed Vk DR of the drive pulley 6.
- Va-Vr Vk DR -Vr
- the inner peripheral speed Va of the metal ring assemblies 31, 31 becomes larger than the speed Vr of the locking edge 40.
- Va> Vr is satisfied at all speed ratios.
- the difference Vb—Vr between the outer peripheral velocity Vb of the metal ring assemblies 31 and 31 and the velocity Vr of the locking edge 40 is represented by t, where t is the thickness of the metal ring assemblies 31 and 31 Is replaced by d + t. That is, when the gear ratio is lower than 1.0, the outer peripheral speed Vb of the metal ring assemblies 31, 31 on the driven pulley 11 side is the speed of the radial outer ends 35, 35, of the ring slots 35, 35. V s DN
- Vb-V r V s DN -V r
- Vb-V r V s DR -V r
- the outer peripheral speed Vb of the metal ring assemblies 31 and 31 is greater than the speed Vr of the locking edge 40.
- Vb> Vr is satisfied at all speed ratios.
- Table 1 and FIG. 9 show that using a metal belt 15 having metal elements 32 of the dimensions shown in FIG. 7, an input torque of 14.4 kgf—m, an input speed of 600 rpm, and a gear ratio of 0 . 6
- the changes in the speeds V s, Vb, Va, Vk, Vr, and Vg of each part were measured for each area A, B, C, and D of the metal ring 15. It is shown.
- the definitions of the regions A, B, C and D of the metal ring 15 are shown in FIG.
- the frictional force N, fiN (x the coefficient of friction) is radially outer ends 35 of the ring slots 35, 35, acts 35 or radially inner ends 35 2, 35 2,.
- the center of gravity G of the metal element 32 is the ring.
- Vr ⁇ Vk, Vg, and Vs are satisfied, even if the action of filling the gap between the metal elements 32 at the chord portion from the driven pulley 11 to the drive pulley 6 occurs, the metal element The pitching moment for defeating 3 2 is minimized, and the metal elements 32 can be smoothly adhered to each other.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69937448T DE69937448T2 (de) | 1998-04-10 | 1999-03-08 | Riemen für stufenloses getriebe |
US09/581,219 US6332854B1 (en) | 1998-04-10 | 1999-03-08 | Belt for continuously variable transmission |
EP99945692A EP1069343B1 (en) | 1998-04-10 | 1999-03-08 | Belt for continuously variable transmission |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP10/98664 | 1998-04-10 | ||
JP9866498 | 1998-04-10 | ||
JP11/34801 | 1999-02-12 | ||
JP11034801A JPH11351335A (ja) | 1998-04-10 | 1999-02-12 | 無段変速機用ベルト |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999053219A1 true WO1999053219A1 (fr) | 1999-10-21 |
Family
ID=26373645
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1999/001110 WO1999053219A1 (fr) | 1998-04-10 | 1999-03-08 | Courroie de transmission a reglage continu |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6332854B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1069343B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPH11351335A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69937448T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1999053219A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001053717A1 (fr) * | 2000-01-19 | 2001-07-26 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Courroie de transmission non etagee |
CN107816509A (zh) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-03-20 | 陈学琴 | 活片无极变速器传动带 |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE60005746T2 (de) * | 1999-06-18 | 2004-04-29 | Honda Giken Kogyo K.K. | Riemen für stufenlos regelbares Getriebe |
EP1221561A1 (en) | 2000-12-28 | 2002-07-10 | Van Doorne's Transmissie B.V. | Belt |
US20030215565A1 (en) * | 2001-10-10 | 2003-11-20 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Method and apparatus for the formation of laminated circuit having passive components therein |
NL1022022C2 (nl) * | 2002-11-28 | 2004-06-02 | Doornes Transmissie Bv | Metalen drijfriem. |
JP4424376B2 (ja) * | 2007-06-06 | 2010-03-03 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 伝動ベルト |
WO2011077582A1 (ja) | 2009-12-26 | 2011-06-30 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 無段変速機用ベルトのエレメントおよびその製造方法 |
NL1038481C2 (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-07-02 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Transverse element with a protruding conical stud for a drive belt. |
CN102906452B (zh) * | 2011-05-27 | 2015-05-20 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 传动带以及传动带的组装方法 |
DE112012006666T5 (de) * | 2012-07-06 | 2015-03-19 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Element für metallischen Riemen |
NL1039980C2 (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-03 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Transverse segment for a drive belt with a carrier ring and multiple transverse segments. |
JP6506062B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-24 | 2019-04-24 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 無段変速機用金属エレメントの製造方法 |
JP6444355B2 (ja) * | 2016-11-04 | 2018-12-26 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 無段変速機用金属エレメントおよび無段変速機用金属エレメントの製造方法 |
JP6711956B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-03 | 2020-06-17 | アイシン・エィ・ダブリュ株式会社 | エレメントの設計方法および伝動ベルト |
NL1043501B1 (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-08-31 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | A transverse segment for a drive belt and a drive belt for a continuously variable transmission including the transverse segment and a ring stack |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02225840A (ja) | 1989-01-12 | 1990-09-07 | Van Doornes Transmissie Bv | 駆動ベルトの横断素子 |
JPH05240309A (ja) * | 1992-02-28 | 1993-09-17 | Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd | 高負荷伝動用ベルト |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4280455A (en) * | 1978-01-30 | 1981-07-28 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine |
JPS59197642A (ja) * | 1983-04-25 | 1984-11-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | 動力伝達ベルト |
NL8400213A (nl) * | 1984-01-24 | 1985-08-16 | Doornes Transmissie Bv | Drijfriem voor toepassing op v-vormige poelies. |
US4813920A (en) * | 1986-08-28 | 1989-03-21 | Bando Chemical Industries, Ltd. | V belt with blocks |
JPH0355943U (ja) * | 1989-10-05 | 1991-05-29 | ||
JP2529017B2 (ja) * | 1990-07-25 | 1996-08-28 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 伝動ベルト |
JP3206307B2 (ja) * | 1994-07-07 | 2001-09-10 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 組立式伝動vベルト |
JPH0914357A (ja) * | 1995-06-27 | 1997-01-14 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 伝動ベルト用ブロック |
JP3136999B2 (ja) * | 1996-07-30 | 2001-02-19 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 無段変速機用vベルト |
JP3689255B2 (ja) * | 1998-06-05 | 2005-08-31 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 金属vベルト |
-
1999
- 1999-02-12 JP JP11034801A patent/JPH11351335A/ja active Pending
- 1999-03-08 EP EP99945692A patent/EP1069343B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-08 WO PCT/JP1999/001110 patent/WO1999053219A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1999-03-08 US US09/581,219 patent/US6332854B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-03-08 DE DE69937448T patent/DE69937448T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02225840A (ja) | 1989-01-12 | 1990-09-07 | Van Doornes Transmissie Bv | 駆動ベルトの横断素子 |
JPH05240309A (ja) * | 1992-02-28 | 1993-09-17 | Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd | 高負荷伝動用ベルト |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP1069343A4 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001053717A1 (fr) * | 2000-01-19 | 2001-07-26 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Courroie de transmission non etagee |
US6755760B2 (en) | 2000-01-19 | 2004-06-29 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Belt for non-stage transmissions |
CN107816509A (zh) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-03-20 | 陈学琴 | 活片无极变速器传动带 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69937448T2 (de) | 2008-08-21 |
US6332854B1 (en) | 2001-12-25 |
EP1069343A1 (en) | 2001-01-17 |
EP1069343A4 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
EP1069343B1 (en) | 2007-10-31 |
DE69937448D1 (de) | 2007-12-13 |
JPH11351335A (ja) | 1999-12-24 |
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