WO1999041331A1 - Verfahren zum cracken von kohlenwasserstoffen - Google Patents
Verfahren zum cracken von kohlenwasserstoffen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999041331A1 WO1999041331A1 PCT/EP1999/000948 EP9900948W WO9941331A1 WO 1999041331 A1 WO1999041331 A1 WO 1999041331A1 EP 9900948 W EP9900948 W EP 9900948W WO 9941331 A1 WO9941331 A1 WO 9941331A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cracking
- catalyst
- process step
- predominantly
- insert
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G51/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more cracking processes only
- C10G51/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more cracking processes only plural serial stages only
- C10G51/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more cracking processes only plural serial stages only including only thermal and catalytic cracking steps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/14—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts
- C10G11/18—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised-bed" technique
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for cracking hydrocarbons, in which in a first process step an insert I is subjected to a predominantly catalytic cracking on a fluidized solid catalyst (FCC process).
- FCC process fluidized solid catalyst
- the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons with a fluidized solid catalyst is the leading process for the production of LPG, gasoline and light heating oil from heavier hydrocarbon uses such as vacuum gas oil or residue fractions.
- the larger hydrocarbon molecules contained in the heavy duty are cracked by splitting the longer hydrocarbon chains and lighter hydrocarbon products are produced.
- the lighter hydrocarbon products can, for example, be added to the fuel pool directly or after further treatment, as a result of which the yield of product according to the specification that can be achieved by separating petroleum by distillation can be considerably increased with an octane number corresponding to the requirements.
- Limiting factors are, for example, the reaction temperature, the catalyst / oil ratio and in particular the ratio use / recycle.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method which allows the greatest possible flexibility compared to the prior art.
- liquid gases to residue compounds with a cutpoint of about 600 ° C. should be able to be used on the one hand, and on the other hand an optimal yield structure should be achieved, in particular a high selectivity in the production of light olefins.
- This object is achieved by a process for cracking hydrocarbons, in which in a first process step an insert I is subjected to a predominantly catalytic cracking on a fluidized solid catalyst (FCC process), characterized in that the reaction products or fractions thereof are formed are subjected, at least in part, to a predominantly thermal cracking in a second process step, without the cracking products obtained in this way, together with further sentence I are then subjected to a predominantly catalytic cracking.
- FCC process fluidized solid catalyst
- the process is preferably carried out in so-called riser FCC reactors.
- riser FCC reactors Such reactors are widely used in practice and z. B. described in the abovementioned references or, for example, in Hydrocarbon Processing 51 (1972) No. 5, pp. 85-88.
- insert I for better differentiation from other uses of the method according to the invention.
- the products produced by catalytic cracking are to be subjected, at least in part, to predominantly thermal cracking.
- This can e.g. B. take place in that hot regenerated catalyst is supplied at an application point of the riser, which is higher than the application point for insert I.
- hot regenerated catalyst is supplied at an application point of the riser, which is higher than the application point for insert I.
- the reaction temperature inside the riser is increased downstream of the feed point.
- a cooling of this hot catalyst by evaporation does not take place since all components of insert 1 or its cracking products are already in gaseous form.
- the second process step does not take place in the same riser as the first process step, but in a separate second reactor, which is preferably also a riser reactor.
- the reaction products or fractions resulting in the first reactor are at least partially in the lower region, for. B. introduced at the base of the riser of the second reactor.
- the feed point for the hot regenerated catalyst is also in the lower area of this riser.
- further inserts which are lighter than insert I, or further product streams or fractions from the first reactor, and also hot catalyst can be introduced at higher feed points of the riser of the second reactor.
- the number of further feed points is in principle not limited, it being important to ensure that the amounts of catalyst and feed used are dimensioned such that the temperature range of the thermal cracking is not left.
- the method according to the invention is very flexible both with regard to the uses and in relation to the desired composition of the products.
- the process is particularly suitable for controlling the cracking processes in such a way that a high proportion of ethylene and propylene is contained in the cracking products.
- Insert I which is preferably placed in the base area of the riser of the first reactor, preferably consists at least predominantly of heavier ones Mineral oil fractions, such as are usually obtained in a refinery for mineral oils. These mineral oil fractions can have a cutpoint up to about 600 ° C. Vacuum gas oil or middle distillate is preferably selected as insert I.
- the further inserts which are introduced above the application point of insert I, in particular in the second process step, are generally lighter than insert I. FCC, pyrolysis, stabilizing, raffinate or coker petrol are preferred here. Even lighter fractions up to liquid gases can be used with good success.
- the predominantly catalytic cracking that is to say the first process step, preferably takes place at a temperature of 450-600 ° C., in particular at 520-560 ° C.
- the predominantly thermal cracking that is to say the second process step, is carried out at a temperature of about 600 ° C. and higher, preferably at 650-800 ° C.
- the catalyst / oil ratio in the first process step is preferably 5-13, while in the second process step a ratio of> 13, in particular 20-40, is preferred.
- composition of the resulting products can be controlled by a suitable choice of temperatures, residence time in the respective process steps, the choice of the feed point and the catalyst / oil ratio, depending on the application.
- the person skilled in the art can determine the suitable values for the manipulated variables mentioned with sufficient precision, possibly in conjunction with some laboratory tests (see examples). For example, a suitable selection of the values for these manipulated variables leads to a particularly high proportion of light olefins in the cracking products.
- the product stream taken from the reactor or the reactors is worked up in a conventional manner.
- the insert which is fed to the reactor in which the first process step takes place, in particular insert I, is preferably charged with steam and / or lift gas.
- the hot regenerated catalyst the temperature of which is usually 700-750 ° C.
- colder catalyst which is removed from the solid-vapor separation device, before being added to the reactor, in which the first process step takes place which is usually located in the upper part of the reactors.
- the mixing device in which these catalyst streams are mixed with one another can either be located outside the reactor or integrated at the base of the reactor or riser.
- Suitable catalysts for the process according to the invention are also cited above. described in Ullmann. Additional information can be found below in the examples.
- the process according to the invention allows the variable setting between catalytic and thermal cracking to optimally approximate the desired selectivity or product yield with variable handling of regenerated and non-generated catalyst and mixtures thereof in one or more process steps or reaction zones, these in a reactor or can be made possible by several reactors. Inserts of different compositions can be fed to the individual reaction zones.
- Fig. 1 shows an example of a catalyst regenerator (1) and a riser reactor (2).
- the vertical tube with the different temperature zones T1, T2 and T3 is the so-called riser.
- the solid-vapor separation device with subsequent stripping of the catalyst loaded with coke and hydrocarbons in a stripper (3).
- the loaded catalyst is fed through line (11) to the regenerator and, if necessary, partly through line (7) to mixer (4).
- This mixer (4) is an option of the method according to the invention and is shown in Fig.1 as an external mixer, but can also be integrated at the foot of the riser.
- the catalyst can be introduced from the mixer into the lower part of the riser via line (13).
- Feeding with insert I takes place here through line (5) at the base of the riser. Further use can be abandoned, for example, at a higher point, represented here by line (6).
- Hot regenerated catalyst is introduced through line (10) or the optionally available line (9) at a point higher than the base point. This results in a higher temperature T2 or T3 in the riser on the downstream side than T1.
- Hot regenerated catalyst can be added to the mixer (4) through a further line (8).
- the cracked products or reactor vapors are withdrawn overhead via line (12).
- the predominantly thermal cracking begins in the temperature zone T3 (optionally from T2), while catalytic cracking predominantly takes place in the temperature zone T1.
- Fig. 2 shows an example of the embodiment of the invention with two riser reactors.
- the predominantly catalytic cracking takes place in the reactor (2) and the predominantly thermal cracking takes place in the reactor (14).
- the marked devices and associated reference numerals are, as far as possible, identical to those from Fig. 1.
- the two exhaust lines for the reactor vapors (12) and (15) are connected in the present illustration by a line (19), as are the reactor heads by line (20).
- loaded catalyst can be removed from the separating device (3) of the reactor (14) into the regenerator (1) - via line (16) - and in some cases into the mixer (4) - via line (18). - be fed.
- Fresh regenerated catalyst passes from the regenerator (1) via line (17) into the lower region of the riser of the reactor (14).
- Cracked products or fractions thereof from reactor (2) can at least partially be introduced into the riser of reactor (14) via line (6).
- Lines (21) and (22) can be used to insert further inserts at higher points of the riser.
- Many of the devices shown here are optional and do not necessarily have to be present in a device for carrying out the method according to the invention, such as lines (19), (20), (18), (21) and (22).
- Mixer (4) is also optional. Instead, hot regenerated catalyst from regenerator (1) can also be introduced directly into the base area of the riser of reactor (2).
- the tests were carried out in a micro activity test apparatus (MAT), which was operated either in accordance with ASTM standard D 3907-92 with a fixed bed or a fluidized bed (fixed fluidized bed).
- the catalyst fluidized bed is built up by permanently supplying an inert gas via the feed feed line with a quantity which can be determined by the person skilled in the art by testing.
- the feed feed line is guided up to a height of 1 cm above the reactor base of the steel-made reactor and the cracked products are drawn off overhead.
- the MAT results can be transferred to an FCC production plant with sufficient accuracy using suitable transfer computing models.
- 5 g of catalyst or catalytically inert SiC are preheated to the desired reaction temperature.
- the feed preheated to a temperature of 80 ° C., is metered in over a period of 30 seconds in accordance with the desired weight ratio of catalyst or inert material to oil (C / O ratio), and the cracking products are continuously drawn off.
- the subsequent stripping of the catalyst bed or inert material is carried out using inert gas in accordance with ASTM D 3907-92 or the volume flow of inert gas determined to maintain the fluidized bed.
- the products are analyzed in accordance with ASTM D 3907-92.
- the catalyst used is a commercial catalyst from Engelhard of the REDUXION type (33% by weight Al, 64% by weight Si02, 73 microns average particle size), taken directly from the FCC large-scale plant, hereinafter referred to as Ecat ( Equilibrium catalyst).
- SiC was used as the catalytically inert material, the grain size of which corresponds to that of the ECat. Due to its high density, cracking reactions on inert material are only demonstrated in the fixed bed and not in the fluidized bed.
- commercial additives containing ZSM-5 were added, they were equilibrated before MAT testing by conventional steam treatment (816 ° C., 4 h, 298 l / h steam, 20 l / h nitrogen).
- Feedstocks A FCC feed taken from the refinery plants, vacuum gas oil (VGO), an FCC medium gasoline cut (MBi), a straight run middle distillate (SR MD) and a straight run naphtha (SR naphtha) were characterized by the following parameters:
- the following composition was determined analytically by means of a simulated distillation (Simdist): 23.5% by weight of light gasoline (LBi: C5 + - 80 ° C), 69.5% by weight of gasoline (MBi : 80 ° C - 140 ° C) and 7.0% by weight heavy fuel (SBi: 140 - 220 ° C).
- the information on the conversion of the MBi system cut refers to the true MBi content determined according to SimDist.
- Example 1 Example 1 :
- Example 2 In the temperature range around 535 ° C, depending on the concentration of the catalyst (C / O 5 or 7), a predominantly thermally determined ethylene yield of 0.4-0.5% by weight is achieved.
- the predominantly catalytically determined propylene yield is between 3.8 and 4.4% by weight.
- the total conversion is between 65 and 70% and leads mainly to the formation of the classic FCC product petrol. Carrying out the test under conditions which predominantly strongly support thermal cracking reactions leads to an increase in ethylene production and also to an increase in propylene yield. Total sales will also be increased drastically from 65 to 70% to 84 to 88%.
- Example 2 Example 2:
- Figures 6-10 give an example of the development of the individual product classes depending on the temperature for the implementation of VGO.
- Figures 8 and 9 in particular show that the dry gas and coke yield is determined only thermally.
- the corresponding situation for the FCC implementation of MBi is shown in Figures 11 to 14.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU26237/99A AU2623799A (en) | 1998-02-13 | 1999-02-12 | Method for cracking hydrocarbons |
EP99906233A EP1054937A1 (de) | 1998-02-13 | 1999-02-12 | Verfahren zum cracken von kohlenwasserstoffen |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19805915.9 | 1998-02-13 | ||
DE1998105915 DE19805915C1 (de) | 1998-02-13 | 1998-02-13 | Verfahren zum Cracken von Kohlenwasserstoffen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999041331A1 true WO1999041331A1 (de) | 1999-08-19 |
Family
ID=7857613
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1999/000948 WO1999041331A1 (de) | 1998-02-13 | 1999-02-12 | Verfahren zum cracken von kohlenwasserstoffen |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1054937A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2623799A (de) |
DE (1) | DE19805915C1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1999041331A1 (de) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001060951A1 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2001-08-23 | Indian Oil Corporation Limited | A multi stage selective catalytic cracking process and a system for producing high yield of middle distillate products from heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks |
EP1365004A1 (de) * | 2002-05-23 | 2003-11-26 | ATOFINA Research | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Olefinen |
EP3305748A4 (de) * | 2015-06-02 | 2019-01-23 | Dalian Institute Of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences | Verfahren zur umsetzung von naphtha |
CN109704903A (zh) * | 2017-10-25 | 2019-05-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种多产丙烯和轻芳烃的方法 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2963421A (en) * | 1958-03-26 | 1960-12-06 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Catalytic conversion and stripping system with heat exchange |
US3928172A (en) * | 1973-07-02 | 1975-12-23 | Mobil Oil Corp | Catalytic cracking of FCC gasoline and virgin naphtha |
US4310489A (en) * | 1980-08-14 | 1982-01-12 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Apparatus for the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons |
EP0382289A1 (de) * | 1989-02-06 | 1990-08-16 | Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation | Verfahren zur katalytischen Krackung von Kohlenwasserstoffen |
EP0398557A1 (de) * | 1989-05-16 | 1990-11-22 | Engelhard Corporation | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum fluidisierten katalytischen Kracken |
WO1995013255A1 (en) * | 1993-11-10 | 1995-05-18 | Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation | Flexible light olefins production |
EP0654519A1 (de) * | 1993-11-19 | 1995-05-24 | Exxon Research and Engineering Company, (a Delaware corp.) | Integriertes katalytisches Krack- und Olefinen Herstellungsverfahren |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19602898A1 (de) * | 1996-01-27 | 1997-07-31 | Ruhr Oel Gmbh | Verfahren zum katalytischen Kracken von Kohlenwasserstoffen |
-
1998
- 1998-02-13 DE DE1998105915 patent/DE19805915C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-02-12 AU AU26237/99A patent/AU2623799A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-02-12 EP EP99906233A patent/EP1054937A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-02-12 WO PCT/EP1999/000948 patent/WO1999041331A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2963421A (en) * | 1958-03-26 | 1960-12-06 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Catalytic conversion and stripping system with heat exchange |
US3928172A (en) * | 1973-07-02 | 1975-12-23 | Mobil Oil Corp | Catalytic cracking of FCC gasoline and virgin naphtha |
US4310489A (en) * | 1980-08-14 | 1982-01-12 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Apparatus for the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons |
EP0382289A1 (de) * | 1989-02-06 | 1990-08-16 | Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation | Verfahren zur katalytischen Krackung von Kohlenwasserstoffen |
EP0398557A1 (de) * | 1989-05-16 | 1990-11-22 | Engelhard Corporation | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum fluidisierten katalytischen Kracken |
WO1995013255A1 (en) * | 1993-11-10 | 1995-05-18 | Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation | Flexible light olefins production |
EP0654519A1 (de) * | 1993-11-19 | 1995-05-24 | Exxon Research and Engineering Company, (a Delaware corp.) | Integriertes katalytisches Krack- und Olefinen Herstellungsverfahren |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001060951A1 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2001-08-23 | Indian Oil Corporation Limited | A multi stage selective catalytic cracking process and a system for producing high yield of middle distillate products from heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks |
US7029571B1 (en) | 2000-02-16 | 2006-04-18 | Indian Oil Corporation Limited | Multi stage selective catalytic cracking process and a system for producing high yield of middle distillate products from heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks |
CN100448953C (zh) * | 2000-02-16 | 2009-01-07 | 印度石油股份有限公司 | 由重烃原料以高产率生产中间馏分产品的多级选择性催化裂化方法和系统 |
EP1365004A1 (de) * | 2002-05-23 | 2003-11-26 | ATOFINA Research | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Olefinen |
WO2003099964A1 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2003-12-04 | Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy | Production of olefins |
EP2267101A3 (de) * | 2002-05-23 | 2011-03-02 | Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy | Herstellung von Olefinen |
US8071833B2 (en) | 2002-05-23 | 2011-12-06 | Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy | Production of olefins |
EP3305748A4 (de) * | 2015-06-02 | 2019-01-23 | Dalian Institute Of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences | Verfahren zur umsetzung von naphtha |
US10538711B2 (en) | 2015-06-02 | 2020-01-21 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Process for converting naphtha |
CN109704903A (zh) * | 2017-10-25 | 2019-05-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种多产丙烯和轻芳烃的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1054937A1 (de) | 2000-11-29 |
DE19805915C1 (de) | 1999-09-23 |
AU2623799A (en) | 1999-08-30 |
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