EP0398557A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum fluidisierten katalytischen Kracken - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum fluidisierten katalytischen Kracken Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0398557A1
EP0398557A1 EP90304838A EP90304838A EP0398557A1 EP 0398557 A1 EP0398557 A1 EP 0398557A1 EP 90304838 A EP90304838 A EP 90304838A EP 90304838 A EP90304838 A EP 90304838A EP 0398557 A1 EP0398557 A1 EP 0398557A1
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Prior art keywords
particles
sorbent
catalyst
riser
solids
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EP90304838A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Harold N. Weinberg
Michael F. Raterman
William J. Reagan
Benedict W. Johnson
Barry K. Speronello
Larry G. Sherman
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BASF Catalysts LLC
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Engelhard Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G11/14—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts
    • C10G11/18—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised-bed" technique

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improvement in the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) of hydrocarbon feedstocks, especially those containing one or more impurities, such as metals, basic nitrogen compounds and asphaltenes (Conradson carbon), in which a particulate fluidizable material that is a sorbent is used to remove one or more of such impurities from the feedstock before the feedstock contacts particles of cracking catalyst for conversion of the feedstock into lighter products, such as gasoline.
  • FCC fluid catalytic cracking
  • These impurities include: asphaltenes (Conradson carbon) which deposit on the catalyst particles to form coke, frequently in an amount in excess of that which can be tolerated by an existing FCC regeneration system; metals, especially nickel and vanadium, usually at least partially in the form of porphyrins, which are frequently referred to as catalyst poisons and which build up on catalyst particles during reaction/regeneration cycles to levels necessitating undesirably high fresh catalyst replacement levels; and nitrogenous bases which interfere which acidic cracking sites of the zeolite component of the catalyst during the cracking cycle.
  • impure oils are atmospheric and vacuum residual oils (resids), tar sand oils as well as clean gas oils blended with resids or other impure oils. Even clean gas oils contain deleterious nitrogenous bases. Sodium in feedstocks or introduced in steam used in FCC processing is also harmful to catalytic cracking.
  • Staged processing in separate process steps is old in the catalytic cracking art. It has been proposed, for example, to add to a conventional cyclic FCC operation a vapor/solid pretreatment stage to reduce the content of impurities in oil feedstocks before the oils are cracked catalytically. In particular, it has been proposed to remove the impurities by selectively vaporizing the valuable high hydrogen components of the oil by contacting the oil with hot particles of sorbent particles, such as microspheres of calcined clay, leaving carbonaceous, metals, nitrogenous and sulfurous impurities present as a deposit on the particles of sorbent contact material.
  • sorbent particles such as microspheres of calcined clay
  • Proposed equipment takes advantage of the fast fluid riser type of equipment used in FCC units, namely, a riser in which selective vaporization and impurity removal takes places by dilute phase ultrashort contact between feed and hot contact material and a regenerator (burner) in which coke is burned from the impurity-laden particles of contact material, thereby renewing the activity of the contact material and supplying the heat needed by the particles to vaporize incoming charge of hydrocarbon feed to the riser.
  • the sorbent particles used in the process have a low surface area, typically below 10 m2/g by the BET method, and are essentially devoid of catalytic cracking activity. Such cracking that does take place is largely of thermal character.
  • the vapors from the selective vaporization step after removal of spent sorbent particles therefrom, are charged directly to an FCC unit without prior quenching. See U.S. 4,525,268 (Barger, et. al.)
  • a characteristic of these pretreatment processing schemes is that selective vaporization with associated impurities removal and cracking take place in different units and regeneration of contact sorbent and cracking catalyst also takes place in different units.
  • particles of zeolite cracking catalyst and sorbent particles are never intentionally commingled during the cyclic process.
  • the zeolitic catalyst particles and sorbent particles are intentionally isolated from each other and only an upset in an unit operation results in commingling of catalyst and sorbent.
  • the practice of maintaining isolation of sorbent and catalyst particles is dictated in part by the intent to avoid contamination of zeolitic catalyst particles during the cracking cycle with impurities picked up from the oil and deposited on the sorbent particles and in part by the need to use separate regenerators to avoid undesired contamination of the catalyst with metals and nitrogenous bases as a result of migration from the sorbent during high temperature regeneration.
  • the regeneration requirements are generally different for the two different classes of coked materials because of the difference between the nature of the coke on the sorbent and catalyst particles.
  • Regenerators for the sorbent usually require higher temperature regeneration than is needed to regenerate catalyst particles. The temperatures needed to burn the relatively high hydrogen content coke deposit on sorbent particles may result in the destruction of the zeolitic component catalyst particles and/or result in overcracking of feedstock.
  • U.S. 2,943,040 discloses catalytic cracking processes using a mixture of catalysts of different particles sizes, one of which is an absorbent for metal and is introduced into a cracking process which may be fluidized.
  • the absorbent is concentrated at one end, i.e., see col. 1, line 60 and following.
  • the absorbent need not have catalytic cracking activity, i.e., col. 1, line 66.
  • the patent does not teach the use of a riser or the staged regeneration contemplated by the present invention.
  • U.S. 4,416,814, (Zahner) relates to the use of two separate reactors with segregated feeds employing a single regenerator and two solids which may or may not be the same type but which are of different sizes.
  • staged contacting is practiced, but both segregated reactors and regenerators are utilized.
  • the present invention can reduce the capital and operating expenses of staged processing, preferably within existing catalytic cracking unit designs with little revamp, to provide for separate addition of sorbent solid and cracking catalyst to the same riser reactor, separation of sorbent from catalyst and segregated regeneration to fully burn coke from sorbent and catalyst particles under conditions appropriate for both so as to avoid transfer of potential catalyst poisons, especially metals, from the particles of sorbent to the particles of catalyst during regeneration.
  • the invention can also effectively increase the throughput of existing catalytic crackers using conventional feeds such as clean gas oils,and/or permit the economical processing of heavier feed.
  • the present invention provides methods and apparatus for the continuous fluid cyclic catalyst cracking of hydrocarbons with cracking catalyst (preferably zeolitic) in a fast fluid riser using particles of essentially noncatalytic sorbent contact material to remove impurities form the feedstock and to vaporize the feedstock prior to cracking.
  • cracking catalyst preferably zeolitic
  • the process of the invention features a combination of steps which may result in substantial benefits to operations in which feedstock is pretreated with hot sorbent to remove impurities before cracking takes place.
  • the present invention features the use of particulate sorbent and particulate FCC catalyst, which are physically separable, sequentially in the same FCC riser, followed by separation of commingled spent catalyst and sorbent particles from vapors, and the subsequent primary partial regeneration and heat up of spent sorbent particles and catalysts particles in an oxygen deficient burning zone, followed by physical separation of partially regenerated catalyst and sorbent particles, preferably using a cyclonic classifier to effect the separation. This is followed by secondary regeneration of the resulting segregated partially regenerated sorbent and catalyst streams in oxygen rich combustion zones to fully regenerate sorbent and catalyst particles.
  • the invention features multiple stages of combustion for both the sorbent and catalyst particles, the primary stages being carried out while spent sorbent and catalyst are at least partially commingled and the secondary stages being carried out on segregated partially regenerated sorbent and catalyst particles.
  • Hot fully regenerated sorbent and catalyst particles are recycled to the riser as separate streams to the riser, the sorbent particles being recycled to a lower vaporization zone and the catalyst particles being recycled to an upper cracking zone, thereby providing for sequential contact of feedstock in the same riser with staged regeneration, initially of commingled sorbent and catalyst and subsequently of segregated sorbent and catalyst.
  • One or more risers with staged contact of sorbent and catalyst are within the scope of the invention.
  • Simultaneous primary partial regeneration and heat up of spent sorbent and catalyst particles is used to maintain the required heat balance in the system by simultaneously heating up catalyst and sorbent particles while preventing migration of contaminants such as metals, especially vanadium and nitrogen compounds, from the particles of sorbent to the catalyst particles which would occur if catalyst and sorbent particles were fully regenerated (coke essentially completely burned) when the spent catalyst and sorbent particles were commingled.
  • noncatalytic coke coke arising from deposition of Conradson Carbon and thermal coke
  • the coke on the catalyst particles will be largely catalytic.
  • Catalytic coke is extremely hydrogen deficient, typically containing 1 to 2% H. Conradson coke typically contains 6 to 7% H. Consequently, heat of combustion of a unit of catalytic coke is lower than that of a corresponding amount of coke derived from the laydown of Conradson carbon coke.
  • the heat generated by combustion of carbonaceous deposit on the sorbent particles is transferred during the first stage of combustion to the catalyst particles. This is critical to maintaining the simultaneous heat up of catalyst and sorbent particles while preventing undesirable migration of impurities from the sorbent to catalyst particles.
  • the secondary regeneration of segregated sorbent and catalyst particles offers the advantage of providing complete combustion, e.g., to coke levels below about 0.5%, preferably below 0.3%, most preferably below 0.1%, as required for effective utilization of both sorbent and catalyst particles.
  • Segregated secondary regeneration also offers the means for providing additional independent temperature and other operating control capabilities, for example, the use of separate catalyst and/or sorbent coolers, to achieve optimum regeneration condition for both sorbent and catalyst. This also decouples the so-called "c/o" ratio (circulation rate of sorbent or catalyst relative to the circulation rate of feedstock) to achieve heat balance while providing for the circulation of sufficient hot sorbent to vaporize feed and sufficient hot catalyst to crack a desired amount of prevaporized feed.
  • the process of the invention also provides a unique means for reducing gross coke make by prevaporizing the feed with the sorbent before introducing an appropriate amount of cracking catalyst to the riser to achieve a desired conversion without overcracking. This permits cracking to take place at reduced c/o ratios for the active catalytic component and thereby minimizes the amount of catalytic carbon.
  • the sorbent particles are finer than the catalyst particles. This offers a convenient means for effecting separation in an inertial separator. It also provides the added advantages of optimizing conditions for achieving desired plug flow and minimizing undesirable back mixing in the riser. Further, the use of finer sorbent particles facilitates heat transfer to the coarser catalyst particles during the initial stage of regeneration. However, it is within the scope of the invention to employ sorbent particles coarser than catalyst particles.
  • the apparatus features a riser with separate means to charge sorbent to a lower zone and to charge catalyst particles to an upper zone therein, means to charge hydrocarbon feedstock to the lower zone of the riser, gas/solids separation means in communication with the outlet of the riser, means to circulate solids from the gas/solids separation means, means to steam strip solids, means to transfer solids to a primary regenerator, separation means to segregate the solids discharged from the primary regenerator, means to separately charge the solid effluents from the primary regenerator to secondary regenerator(s), and means to cycle separately solids from the secondary regenerator(s) to the riser for contact with incoming feed.
  • primary regeneration takes placed in a transfer line and secondary regeneration of segregated sorbent and catalyst particles occurs in a regenerator provided with a cyclonic separator.
  • primary regeneration and simultaneous segregation takes place in a cyclonic burner and secondary regeneration of segregated material takes place in the same regenerator.
  • the present invention makes use of two different types of solids, one of which is referred to herein as cracking catalyst and the other is referred to as sorbent. Both types are in the form of microspheres having a particle size distribution and density such that the particles can be fluidized in a fast fluid riser to form a dilute phase. Both types of particles are sufficiently attrition-resistant and of sufficient size to be capable of retention for a desired residence in the riser and regenerator (i.e., the bulk of particles are not so fine that they are flushed through the riser or regenerator). The types of particles must be sufficiently different in size and/or density such that they can be segregated from each other by physical means, preferably an inertial separator, or by flotation in a fluid bed.
  • the active cracking catalyst preferably contains a zeolitic molecular sieve component having acidic cracking sites and a nonzeolitic matrix (which may, optionally have acidic cracking sites).
  • zeolitic components are preferably of the synthetic high silica forms of faujasite type crystal structure, e.g., Re-Y, HY, Re-H-Y, stabilized Y and ultrastabilized Y. Because the particles of cracking catalyst are diluted in the reactor with sorbent particles, it will usually be necessary to use a highly active cracking catalyst when conventional levels of feedstock conversions are sought and relatively large proportions of sorbent to catalysts are to be used.
  • Attrition-resistant high zeolite content (at least 40% zeolite) catalysts of the type described in U.S. 4,493,902 (Brown, et. al.), the teachings of which are incorporated herein by cross-­reference.
  • the manufacture of so-called "octane” versions of such high zeolite content catalysts is described in EPA 86301413.0, published September 10, 1986.
  • These catalysts are highly attrition resistant and are obtained by a process in which zeolite Y is crystallized in situ within pores of preformed spray dried microspheres composed of reactive forms of calcined kaolin clay. It will be understood that zeolitic catalysts other than those based on zeolite Y may be used.
  • zeolitic catalysts may contain zeolites such Zeolite x, U.S. Pat. No. 2,882,244, as well as Zeolite B, U.S. Pat. No. 3,008,803; Zeolite D, Canada Pat. No. 661,981, Zeolite E, Canada Pat. No. 614,495; Zeolite F, U.S. Pat. No. 2,996,358; Zeolite H, U.S. Pat. No. 3,010,789; Zeolite J, U.S. Pat. No. 3,011,869; Zeolite L, Belgian Pat. No. 575,177; Zeolite M, U.S. Pat. No. 2,995,423; Zeolite O, U.S. Pat. No.
  • the surface area of the catalyst particles is affected by zeolite content and is generally in the range of 200 to 800 m2/g, usually 400 to 600 m2/g, as determined by the BET procedure described in the cross-­referenced ′902 patent. Steaming will reduce surface area to an extent affected by steam pressure, steam temperature and zeolite species.
  • Presently preferred sorbent particles are obtained by spray drying kaolin clay to form microspheres and calcining the microspheres as described, for example, in U.S. 4,263,128, Bartholic.
  • Especially preferred spray dried clay microspheres are calcined at elevated temperatures such as to crystallize mullite. This is described in U.S. 4,781,818, Reagan et. al., the teachings of which are incorporated herein by cross-­reference.
  • Microspheres of calcined clay are composed of silica and alumina.
  • Other potentially useful sorbents are microspheres composed of alumina, silica, kyanite and other materials as enumerated in col. 6 of U.S. 4,256,567, Bartholic.
  • the sorbent particles function as sites for deposition of feedstock impurities including hydrogen deficient hydrocarbon (so-called Conradson or Ramsbottom carbon), metals such as nickel or vanadium usually present as porphyrins in the oil, basic nitrogen compounds and sulfur compounds.
  • the particles are characterized by being essentially inert as cracking catalysts, e.g., MAT activity ⁇ 10, and have low surface areas, typically 10 m2/g or less, preferably less than 5 m2/g or less and most preferably 1 m2/g or less.
  • the sorbent particles are preferably finer in size than the catalyst particles.
  • Recommended size range for the sorbent particles is 20 to 200 microns, preferably 35-150 microns, and most preferably 30-90 microns, with an average size in the range of about 45 to 62 microns, and most preferably in the range of 50 to 55 microns.
  • Recommended size range for the catalyst particles is 20 to 200 microns, preferably 100 to 175 microns, most preferably 80 to 150 microns, with an average size in the range of 64 to 68 microns, preferably 130 to 135 microns, and most preferably 105 to 110 microns.
  • the density of cracking catalyst particles is usually in the range of 1.28 to 2.08 g/cc.
  • the density of sorbent particles which will vary with the composition of the particles, is usually in the range of 1.75 to 3.00 g/cc.
  • the particles of catalyst are all finer than 200 microns and larger than 72 microns with an average size of 117 microns.
  • the particles of sorbent are finer, namely 100% finer than 85 microns with an average of 62 microns.
  • An advantage of the process of the invention is that the operation of resid/regeneration system can be varied to accommodate the cracking of feedstocks of varying composition.
  • the desired level of conversions on the catalyst dictates the amount of catalyst charged to the riser. As desired conversion level increases, increasing levels of catalyst particles are charged to the riser to achieve that conversion at a desired selectivity.
  • the ratio of sorbent particles to catalyst particles may vary during operation, depending on variations in level of impurities in the feedstock as well as variations in conversion that is sought.
  • the weight ratio of sorbent particles to catalyst particles is generally in the range of 10:1 to 10:10, usually in the range of 10:2 to 10:8, and most typically in the range of 10:4 to 10:6.
  • the level of separation of sorbent from catalysts particles need not be complete. It will suffice to separate to an extent such as to maintain the average metals on the catalyst particles at a low value, for example, below 3000 ppm Ni + V.
  • the riser reactor consists of two zones where separate reactions take place in the catalytic cracking of heavy oils to produce high octane gasoline.
  • the primary reaction is the vaporization of the oil with minimum cracking and at the same time the removal of heavy components such as asphaltenes and coke as well as heavy metal components, nitrogen and sulfur containing compounds from the vapor phase prior to contacting the zeolite catalyst in the second zone.
  • zeolite cracking catalyst which is coarser than the sorbent with a preferred average particle size of 100-120 microns and which has been regenerated in a primary regenerator combustion until where it is brought to a temperature in the order of 1050°F to 1250°F, preferably between 1100°F to 1150°F is introduced to the riser reactor.
  • the sensible heat of the zeolite catalyst provides the necessary heat for cracking of the oil vapors and to bringing the temperature of the mixture to the desired reaction temperature.
  • the zeolite meets the upflowing stream of vapor and sorbent particles containing the major part of the contaminants which could deactivate the zeolite and cause undesirable side reactions in the cracking zone.
  • the fine upflowing particles also assist in the rapid acceleration of the zeolite by what is commonly called “piggy back effect" thereby reaching plug flow conditions and once again minimizing back flow.
  • the ideal situation for cracking of the feed is attained; short contact time with relatively cleaned completely vaporized oil where only the cracking of the oil takes place.
  • the cracked gases and combined solids are separated in a settling hopper followed by cyclone recovery.
  • the gases carry on to equipment where they are condensed and fractionated into the desired components to produce predominantly high octane gasoline.
  • the combined solids are stripped with steam before entering the regenerator system.
  • the regenerator system also consists of two zones, a primary zone where the coarser zeolite catalyst is preferentially burned of any organic components which have been deposited during the cracking reaction and brought to the desired temperature by the combustion and its proximity to combustion gases which are generated by the partial combustion of organic material deposited on the sorbent particles, and a secondary zone where further combustion of most of the remaining organic material on the sorbent and CO containing gases from the primary zone takes place.
  • Fresh regenerated sorbent consisting of the finer portion of the total circulating inventory passes through a flow control valve (1) and is transferred (2) to the lift section (3).
  • Lift gas (3a) which can be either steam, nitrogen, fuel gas or other similar media mixes with the adsorbent and conveys its upward in a dilute phase mixture to the feed injection point (4a).
  • Hydrocarbon feed, steam, water and other possible diluents are injected into the riser through feed nozzles (4) at the feed injection point (4a).
  • the feed mixture combines with the lift gas and sorbent and selectively vaporizes the lighter components of the hydrocarbon feed in the vaporization zone (5).
  • the active catalytic component which is the coarser component in the circulating solids inventory, supplies the heat of cracking to the riser (8) reaction zone.
  • the total mixture now consisting of catalytic solids, sorbent solids, hydrocarbons, steam and lift gas passes upwardly to the riser terminus and initial solids separator (9). After the initial separation the bulk of the solids travels downwardly to the stripper (12) while the vapor containing unseparated adsorbent and catalyst travels upwardly to the reactor cyclone (10).
  • the entrained solids and vapor enter the cyclone where the solids are substantially separated from the vapors.
  • the vapors exit the cyclone and reaction section through the overhead transfer line (11) for the hydrocarbon recovery section.
  • Spent solids are mixed with a portion of the total combustion air (17) at the spent solids/air mix point (16). This mixture then travels upwardly in a dilute phase mixture through the first combustion zone (18) where a portion of the coke is burnt off the catalyst and sorbent in an oxygen deficient environment. The mixture then enters the solids classifier (19) or "Pocket Vortex Separator" where the catalyst and sorbent are separated from the first stage combustion gas.
  • a separator of this type is described in copending U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 07,219,955, filed July 15, 1988, "Method and Apparatus for Separation of Solids from a Gaseous Stream" the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by cross-reference.
  • the coarser catalyst exits the classifier through the coarse solids dipleg (20) which discharges to an outer annulus fluid bed (25) in the regenerator.
  • the finer sorbent is discharged into the inner fluid bed of the regenerator (24) through the fine solids dipleg (21).
  • Second stage combustion air (26) is then added to both the inner (24) and outer (25) fluid beds of the regenerator to complete the coke combustion.
  • the two separate solids are maintained separate by the regenerator retaining wall (24a).
  • the combustion gases from both fluid beds passes upwardly through the regenerator, combining with the combustion gases exiting from the classifier (19) and entering the regenerator cyclones (22).
  • the regenerator cyclones complete the separation of the combustion gases and the entrained finer solids which are primarily sorbent.
  • the collected solids are returned to the inner bed through the regenerator cyclone diplegs (23).
  • Combustion gases then leave the unit via the flue gas line (22a).
  • Regenerated sorbent exits the regenerator through the sorbent standpipe (27), traveling to the lift section (3) completing the sorbent loop.
  • Regenerated catalyst exits the regenerator through the catalyst standpipe (28) for the riser (8), completing the catalyst loop.
  • a specific objective of the primary regeneration zone in the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 2 is to provide this piece of equipment as an add-on regenerator to existing catalytic cracking units in order to improve their cracking efficiency and particularly to permit heavier oil feeds to be processed.
  • centrifugal forces are applied in the primary regenerator combustor. These forces act to separate the solids in the same vessel, provide extended residence time for the zeolite coarse solids to complete the combustion of organic material deposited on these particles, locate them in an area of the vessel where oxygen concentration is the highest, and finally to efficiently remove then from the combustion gases and fine sorbent solids before these materials enter the second stage of regeneration.
  • the primary add-on regenerator combustor consists of an horizontal vessel commonly known as cyclone burner in the boiler business where the solids slag, but in this case the temperature levels are much lower and thus there is no slagging of the noncombustible particles.
  • Combined spent solids from the reactor stripper are introduced at one end of the regenerator through a tangential nozzle or nozzles with a controlled amount of air which is fed to the withdrawal point from the stripper.
  • the nozzle or nozzles is sized to attain a mixed velocity entering the regenerator of 30 to 60 ft/sec, preferably 40 to 50 ft/sec.
  • the resulting centrifugal action forces the coarse zeolite particles to the inner periphery of the regenerator creating a separation from the finer sorbent particles, but still exposing them to a temperature rise created by the burning of organic material deposited on the solids.
  • the centrifugal path of the coarse material initially passes the entering nozzle thereby creating even higher entering velocities which improves the separation of particles. Due to the fact that the catalyst is forced along the circumference of the regenerator its path is extended over the fine particles and gas resulting in increased residence time.
  • a small cylindrical vessel is attached to the regenerator shell with a slot opening between the two vessels.
  • the small attachment is called a "Vortex Collection Pocket.”
  • This equipment consists of a cyclone separator where solids and gas are separated, but additional collection pockets are attached to the cyclone to complete the separation of coarse and fine particles.
  • the coarse particles of cracking catalyst which may contain small fraction of the finer material are withdrawn from the collection pockets and enter a stripper where they are steam stripped prior to entering the riser reactor.
  • the fine sorbent solids are transported by additional air from the cyclone standpipe to the secondary regenerator which could be an existing vessel of a standard FCC unit. Here they are joined by the off gases of the cyclone classifier for final combustion and raising of the temperature of the mixture.
  • the gases leaving the primary regenerator are fairly rich in CO concentration, but in the secondary regenerator the CO is oxidized to CO2 with the additional air which was added to the fine solids for transport and exit the regenerator at acceptable levels. NO x levels are extremely low due to the two-stage combustion and temperature levels.
  • SO x which is released in the combustion process is recovered downstream of the secondary regenerator.
  • the flue gas leaving the secondary regenerator passes through a stage of cyclone where fines are separated and returned to the regenerator.
  • Regenerated sorbent is withdrawn from the secondary regenerator to a steam stripper prior to entering the base of the riser reactor.
  • combustion gases from (180) and finer solids exit through tangential nozzle (210) to the cyclone classifier (220) where the solids are separated from the combustion gases and the remaining coarse catalyst is removed from the finer sorbent solids through additional vortex collection pockets (230) and (230a) (not shown on the elevation drawing but marked in the plan view).
  • the catalyst is transferred to stripper (240) and stripping steam is added at (240a).
  • Fine sorbent material is withdrawn from the classifier (220) through standpipe (250) to the base of riser transport dine (280) and is picked up by an excess of air to burn off a substantial amount of carbon still on the fine solids at (270). A sufficient amount of air is added at this point to not only burn the carbon, but also to provide enough oxygen to combust most of the CO remaining in the flue gases from the primary regeneration. Solids and air are separated at (290) and further combustion takes place in the second stage regenerator (310) of the remaining carbon on the sorbent and the CO in the flue gas at (300).
  • the flue gases from classifier (220) exit through line (260) to (300) within the second stage regenerator (310).
  • the flue gases from (310) which are low in NO x but contain SO x , exit to cyclone (320) where entrained fine solids are removed from the flue gas and return to the fluidized bed in regenerator (310).
  • the fine sorbent material which now contains only traces of carbon and which has been brought up to maximum regenerator temperature by combustion of residual organics and CO contained in the flue gas at (300) are withdrawn through standpipe (350) to stripper (360). Steam is added at (370) for stripping flue gas components from the solids.
  • Regenerated sorbent is withdrawn from the stripper (370) through standpipe (380) and proceeds to valve (1) at the base of the reactor riser (2).
  • a predetermined quantity of regenerated sorbent is withdrawn for disposal through line (380a) which contains a small fraction of heavy metal components to be passivated or recovered while fresh sorbent is added at (380b).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
EP90304838A 1989-05-16 1990-05-03 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum fluidisierten katalytischen Kracken Withdrawn EP0398557A1 (de)

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US35243389A 1989-05-16 1989-05-16
US352433 1989-05-16

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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EP0842998A2 (de) * 1996-11-15 1998-05-20 Nippon Oil Co. Ltd. Katalytisches Wirbelbettkrackverfahren für Schweröl
US5932634A (en) * 1995-09-26 1999-08-03 Showa Denko K.K. Method of producing resin composition containing inorganic filler
WO1999041331A1 (de) * 1998-02-13 1999-08-19 Ruhr Oel Gmbh Verfahren zum cracken von kohlenwasserstoffen
EP1046696A2 (de) * 1999-04-23 2000-10-25 China Petrochemical Corporation Verfahren zur katalytischen Umwandlung zum Herstellen von mit Isobutan und Isoparaffinen angereichertem Benzin
EP1046695A2 (de) 1999-04-23 2000-10-25 China Petrochemical Corporation Steigrohrreaktor zur fluidizierten katalytischen Umwandlung
CN112048339A (zh) * 2020-08-07 2020-12-08 中科合成油技术有限公司 一种含固浆料的连续化处理方法及用于实施该方法的装置
CN113145090A (zh) * 2021-05-17 2021-07-23 山东博然电力科技有限公司 一种塔式吸附剂连续再生装置及再生系统
CN113560183A (zh) * 2021-06-24 2021-10-29 鞍钢股份有限公司 一种钢渣微粉ro相气力分选系统及其使用方法

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MX2019003033A (es) * 2016-09-16 2019-09-13 Lummus Technology Inc Proceso y aparato de craqueo catalítico de fluidos para maximizar el rendimiento de olefinas ligeras y otras aplicaciones.
MX2022000575A (es) * 2019-07-15 2022-03-11 Lummus Technology Inc Proceso y aparato de craqueo catalitico de fluidos para maximizar el rendimiento de olefinas ligeras y otras aplicaciones.

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EP1046695A3 (de) * 1999-04-23 2001-01-03 China Petrochemical Corporation Steigrohrreaktor zur fluidizierten katalytischen Umwandlung
EP1046696A3 (de) * 1999-04-23 2001-01-03 China Petrochemical Corporation Verfahren zur katalytischen Umwandlung zum Herstellen von mit Isobutan und Isoparaffinen angereichertem Benzin
EP1046695A2 (de) 1999-04-23 2000-10-25 China Petrochemical Corporation Steigrohrreaktor zur fluidizierten katalytischen Umwandlung
EP1046696A2 (de) * 1999-04-23 2000-10-25 China Petrochemical Corporation Verfahren zur katalytischen Umwandlung zum Herstellen von mit Isobutan und Isoparaffinen angereichertem Benzin
US7678342B1 (en) 1999-04-23 2010-03-16 China Petrochemical Corporation Riser reactor for fluidized catalytic conversion
CN112048339A (zh) * 2020-08-07 2020-12-08 中科合成油技术有限公司 一种含固浆料的连续化处理方法及用于实施该方法的装置
CN112048339B (zh) * 2020-08-07 2023-09-12 中科合成油技术股份有限公司 一种含固浆料的连续化处理方法及用于实施该方法的装置
CN113145090A (zh) * 2021-05-17 2021-07-23 山东博然电力科技有限公司 一种塔式吸附剂连续再生装置及再生系统
CN113560183A (zh) * 2021-06-24 2021-10-29 鞍钢股份有限公司 一种钢渣微粉ro相气力分选系统及其使用方法

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KR900018334A (ko) 1990-12-21
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CA2013626A1 (en) 1990-11-16

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