WO1999035326A1 - Fibres de carbone et procede de production de celles-ci - Google Patents
Fibres de carbone et procede de production de celles-ci Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999035326A1 WO1999035326A1 PCT/JP1998/005877 JP9805877W WO9935326A1 WO 1999035326 A1 WO1999035326 A1 WO 1999035326A1 JP 9805877 W JP9805877 W JP 9805877W WO 9935326 A1 WO9935326 A1 WO 9935326A1
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- carbon fiber
- monomer
- matrix resin
- resin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F11/00—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
- D01F11/10—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of carbon
- D01F11/14—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of carbon with organic compounds, e.g. macromolecular compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a carbon fiber and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention is excellent in processability with less generation of fluff due to rubbing, and excellent in adhesive properties with matrix resins such as unsaturated polyester resin, vinyl ester resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, The present invention relates to a carbon fiber capable of exhibiting excellent bending characteristics and compression characteristics when formed into a composite material with such a matrix resin, and a method for producing the same. Scenic technologySince carbon fiber has excellent specific strength and specific elastic modulus, it has been applied to fields such as sports equipment, aviation and space equipment, but the scope of application of carbon fiber in these fields has been expanded. It is getting.
- carbon fiber is used to form energy-related equipment such as CNG tanks, flywheels, windmills, and turbine blades; as a reinforcing material for structural equipment such as roads and piers; and to form or reinforce building materials such as wood and curtain walls. It is also being used as a material.
- the matrix resin used when it is made into a composite material has become diverse, including epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, vinyl ester resins, and phenol resins.
- unsaturated polyester resins and vinyl ester resins are used in small vessels, boats, yachts, fishing boats, septic tanks, various tanks, etc. due to their low material and molding costs, and phenol resins are difficult to use.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 63-105178 discloses improving the adhesiveness between carbon fiber and unsaturated polyester resin by giving the sizing agent the role of a coupling agent. Have been. However, the effect is insufficient, and it is not always possible to obtain excellent adhesive properties for all types of carbon fibers. Particularly, carbon fibers having excellent adhesive properties when absorbing water have not been obtained. ,is the current situation.
- carbon fiber is inherently rigid and brittle, and has poor convergence, bending resistance, and abrasion resistance.
- conventional sizing agents have insufficient flex resistance and abrasion resistance of carbon fibers, and are used in so-called higher-order processing, such as weaving carbon fibers into woven fabrics or filaments.
- fluff or yarn breakage occurred, which sometimes significantly reduced workability and quality.
- carbon with high adhesion to resin and high workability No fibers are obtained.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a high-order processing, which is less likely to cause fluff and thread breakage even when squeezed by a guide bar or a roller, and has excellent adhesive properties with a matrix resin.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a carbon fiber capable of exhibiting excellent bending characteristics and compression characteristics and a method for producing the same.
- the carbon fiber of the present invention has the following configuration. That is, a polymer having a polar group and a group that reacts with the matrix resin is a carbon fiber adhered to the fiber surface. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such a polymer is substantially insoluble in the matrix resin and covers the fiber surface. Further, the carbon fiber of the present invention described above is suitably produced by the following production method. That is, a carbon fiber having a monomer having a polar group and a group that reacts with a matrix resin adhered to the fiber surface is heated to polymerize the monomer.
- the carbon fiber of the present invention is characterized in that a polymer having a polar group and a group that reacts with a matrix resin is attached to the fiber surface.
- the polar group is a functional group having a separated charge, and the group that reacts with the matrix resin is a functional group capable of chemically bonding to the matrix resin.
- a carbon fiber having a polymer having both of these functional groups adhered to the fiber surface has a low diffusion rate of the polymer into a matrix resin and a matrix resin.
- the mechanism for achieving such an effect is considered as follows. If a functional group with a separate charge is present on the surface of the carbon fiber, the carbon fiber adjacent to the polar group The base or edge of the carbon net surface on the fiber surface is polarized, and an electrical attraction is generated between the polar group and the carbon fiber surface. Although this bonding force is smaller than hydrogen bonding, the carbon fiber surface has a carbon network surface on the entire surface thereof, so that a high overall adhesiveness can be obtained. Furthermore, in order to increase the adhesiveness in combination with hydrogen bonding, it is effective to have a certain range of surface oxygen concentration, particularly the amount of carboxyl groups, on the carbon fiber surface. According to this mechanism, it is essential that the compound having a polar group is localized on the surface of the carbon fiber.
- the present invention utilizes the dipole interaction of the carbon fiber surface with the carbon network surface, which has not received much attention in the past, and fixes it on the carbon fiber surface, and further chemically bonds it with the matrix resin. It is based on a new concept.
- a polymer having a polar group and a group that reacts with a matrix resin is a low-molecular-weight compound, specifically, a monomer having a molecular weight (chemical formula weight) of 100 or less is polymerized. Formed.
- a polymer may be of any molecular weight as long as it is substantially insoluble in the matrix resin, but preferably has a weight average molecular weight of not less than 2000 and not more than 100,000 to suppress diffusion. It only needs to be substantially insoluble in the resin.
- a low molecular weight compound having both a polar group and a group that reacts with a matrix resin may be used as a monomer, or a low molecular weight compound having a polar group and a low molecular weight compound having a group that reacts with a matrix resin may be used. Both may be used as monomers.
- Examples of the polar group include, specifically, a nitro group, a nitroso group, an amino group, a methylamino group, a dimethylamino group, an anilino group, an acetate amide group, a benzamide group, an imino group, and a nitrogen-containing group.
- Examples of the group containing a heterocyclic ring include ⁇ ( ⁇ ) -chenyl group, ⁇ ([3 ⁇ 4) -thenyl group, ⁇ ((3) _- pyrrolyl group, ⁇ ( ⁇ ) -pyridyl group).
- As the polar group an amide group, an imido group, a urethane group or an urea group is more preferably selected from the viewpoint of the stability of the compound when applied to the surface of carbon-carbon fibers and the ease of industrial use.
- a vinyl ester resin or an unsaturated polyester resin is used as the matrix resin
- the vinyl group, acryloyl group, methacryloyl group, halogen-containing group, azo group, Oxidized groups and the like can be mentioned, but in the present invention, the stability of the compound when applied to the carbon fiber surface, the ease of industrial use, and the compatibility with the matrix resin
- a vinyl group, an acrylate group, or a methacrylate group having an unsaturated group at the terminal is preferably selected, and when a phenol resin is used as the matrix resin, it reacts with the matrix resin.
- Examples of the group include a structure having a hydroxydibenzyl group, a hydroxyphenyloxy group, a phenoxy group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, etc.
- Examples of the group that reacts with the matrix resin include an epoxy group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, and an amino group.
- a polymer substantially insoluble in the matrix resin covers the surface of the carbon fiber.
- the polar groups strongly bond to substantially all carbon fiber surfaces and chemically bond to the matrix resin.
- high adhesive properties can be stably obtained in the composite material.
- the portion between the carbon fiber and the matrix resin, the so-called interface is strong, and water infiltration into the interface during water absorption is suppressed, so that even when the fiber-reinforced composite material absorbs water, high ( ⁇ , adhesive properties are obtained).
- the term "substantially insoluble in the matrix resin” means that the matrix resin is insoluble in the solvent of the matrix resin.
- the matrix resin is a vinyl ester resin or an unsaturated polyester resin
- Is substantially insoluble in styrene is substantially insoluble in methanol when the matrix resin is a phenolic resin, and cross-links when the matrix resin is an epoxy resin.
- Practically insoluble in mouth-holm It means that.
- the polymer insoluble in the matrix resin coats the surface of the carbon fiber substantially uniformly, that is, in the form of a film, using the production method described below.
- the thickness of the film is preferably from 1 to 20 ⁇ m, and more preferably from 2 to 10 nm.
- the attached amount of the attached matter containing the polymer having the polar group and the group which reacts with the matrix resin is set to 0 per carbon fiber weight. It is preferably from 1% by weight to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.05% by weight to 2% by weight, more preferably from 0.05% by weight to 1% by weight.
- the polymer insoluble in the matrix resin among the above-mentioned polymers is used to coat the fiber surface with a coating amount of 0.01 to 1.0% by weight. It is good to coat.
- the amount of the polymer insoluble in the matrix resin is reduced by 0.01% by weight, not only the convergence of the carbon fiber bundle becomes insufficient, but also depending on the type of the matrix resin. In some cases, sufficient adhesive strength between carbon fiber and matrix resin may not be obtained. If it exceeds about 1% by weight, sufficient adhesive strength between carbon fiber and matrix resin is obtained. However, the carbon fiber bundle becomes hard, and the matrix resin cannot be sufficiently impregnated between the single fibers constituting the carbon fiber bundle, and voids are generated inside the composite material molded product, and as a result, the composite material properties are deteriorated. May decrease.
- the amount of the total attached matter on the carbon fiber containing the polymer can be measured as follows. That is, 2 to 3 g of the carbon fibers to which the deposits are attached are heat-treated in a nitrogen atmosphere for 450 to 10 minutes, and the attached amount of the deposits is determined from the weight ratio before and after the heat treatment.
- the amount of the polymer insoluble in the pore form can be measured as follows. Using a general-purpose reflux apparatus, 2-3 g of the carbon fiber to which the deposits have adhered is refluxed for 6 hours in a black hole form and dried at 100 for 60 minutes. From the weight ratio before and after the treatment, the amount of the attached matter soluble in the mouth form is determined, and the amount of the polymer insoluble in the mouth form is determined by subtracting the amount of the attached matter from the total amount of the attached matter. This value is an index of the amount of the polymer insoluble in the epoxy resin.
- the surface of the carbon fiber to which the polymer is attached has a surface oxygen concentration OZC measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of from 0.02 to 0.3, preferably from 0.04 to 0.3.
- a value of 0.2, more preferably a value of 0.06 to 0.15 is good for improving the adhesiveness.
- the surface carboxy group concentration COOH / C measured by chemical modification X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is 0.2 to 3%, preferably 0.5 to 3%.
- the chemical bond between the polymer having the polar group and the group that reacts with the matrix resin and the outermost surface of the carbon fiber becomes strong, but the strength of the carbon fiber substrate itself is lower than the original strength.
- the very low oxide layer will cover the carbon fiber surface layer, and the resulting composite may have poor adhesion properties; if less than 0.22, the polarity may be poor.
- the reactivity and the amount of reaction with the polymer having a group that reacts with the group and the matrix resin are insufficient, and consequently In some cases, improvement in the adhesive properties of the composite material cannot be expected.
- the carbon fiber surface layer will cover the oxide layer, which has a strength much lower than the strength of the carbon fiber substrate itself, and the result will be obtained.
- the adhesive properties of the composite material may be low, and if it is less than 0.2%, the reactivity and the amount of reaction with the polymer having a polar group and a group that reacts with the matrix resin will be insufficient, and as a result, In some cases, improvement in the adhesive properties of the composite material cannot be expected.
- the surface oxygen concentration OZC on the carbon fiber surface is measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy according to the following procedure.
- the carbon fiber bundle was cut and spread on a stainless steel sample support, and the photoelectron escape angle was set to 90 °, and Mg x ⁇ 1,2 was used as the X-ray source.
- As a correction of the peak due to charging during measurement first adjust the binding energy BE of the main peak of C and s to 284.6 eV.
- the peak area is obtained by drawing a straight line baseline in the range of 282 to 296 eV, and the 0, s peak area is obtained by drawing a straight line baseline in the range of 528 540 eV.
- the surface oxygen concentration OZC is represented by an atomic ratio calculated by dividing the ratio of the 0, s peak area to the C, peak area by a sensitivity correction value specific to the apparatus, and this value is defined as the surface oxygen concentration OZC.
- ESCA-50 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation was used as an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy apparatus, and the sensitivity correction value specific to the apparatus in this apparatus was 2.85.
- the surface carboxyl group concentration COO HZC on the carbon fiber surface is measured by chemically modified X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy according to the following procedure.
- the carbon fiber bundle was cut, spread and arranged on a platinum sample support, and then 0.02 mol 71 of trifluorinated ethanol gas and 0.01 mol ZI of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide were added. Exposed to air containing 0.04 mol / I of pyridine gas at 60 ° C for 8 hours, and then subjected to a modification treatment.
- the X-ray photoelectron spectrometer set the photoelectron exit angle at 35 °.
- reaction rate r is determined from the C, s peak splitting of the chemically modified polyacrylic acid, and the residual rate m of the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide derivative is determined from the 0, s peak splitting.
- the surface carboxyl group concentration C00H / C is represented by a value calculated by the following equation.
- k is a sensitivity correction value of the F, s peak area with respect to the C, s beak area specific to the apparatus, and is a model SSX-1100- manufactured by US SSI, which was used as an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy apparatus in the examples described later. In 206, it is 3.9 19.
- the carbon fiber from which the attached matter is removed by the following procedure. That is, the carbon fiber with the attached matter is refluxed for 6 hours with a mixture of black form and methanol (volume ratio 1: 2), washed with methanol, and then immersed in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 24 hours. After removing the deposits from the carbon fibers, the carbon fibers are washed again with methanol and dried with a hot air drier.
- a sizing solution in which the monomer is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent is attached to the surface of the carbon fiber, and then heated to remove the solvent, and the amount of the monomer is reduced. It is preferred to polymerize the body.
- the solvent used in this case may be an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dimethylformamide, or dimethylacetamide, but water is preferred from the viewpoint of disaster prevention.
- the mixing ratio of the monomer and the emulsifier is preferably 70 to 95: 30 to 5, and more preferably 80 to 95: 20 to 5 by weight.
- a monomer that forms a coalescence at this mixing ratio can be a carbon fiber from which a stable aqueous dispersion can be easily obtained and which can exhibit high mechanical properties as a composite material.
- the mixing ratio of the emulsifier per total monomer exceeds 30% by weight, the ratio of the emulsifier covering the carbon fiber surface increases, resulting in a decrease in the adhesiveness of the composite material and after the absorption of water. Adhesive properties of the sizing agent may be reduced. Stability may decrease.
- nonionic emulsifier examples include polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, single-polyethylene glycol ether, polyoxyethylene secondary alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene steryl ether, polyoxyethylene sterol ether, and polyoxyethylene lanolin derivative.
- Oxidized polyethylene derivatives of alkyl norxol formalin condensates ether type such as polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene glycerin fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene castor oil And ether ester types such as hardened castor oil, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, and polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid ester; Triethylene glycol fatty acid esters, ester type such as polyglycerol fatty acid ester is used in combination of several kinds of one type.
- Nonionic emulsifiers include (1) monocyclic phenols (phenols having one aromatic group) such as phenols, phenols having one or more alkyl groups, polyphenols, and (2) polycyclic phenols.
- Phenol phenol having two or more aromatic rings
- alkylene oxides of phenols selected from the reaction products referred to as styrenated phenols
- polycyclic phenols for example, , Ethylene chloride, propylene chloride, butylene chloride
- adducts in the case of two or more alkylene oxide adducts, Click or random adduct
- ethylene oxide adducts or propylene oxide adducts of styrenated phenols are preferably used.
- the method of adding the alkylene oxide to the phenols may be a conventional method, and the number of additions is preferably 1 to 120, more preferably 10 to 90, and particularly preferably 30 to 80 adducts can be preferably used.
- anionic surfactants such as carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate sulfate and phosphate ester salt, aliphatic amine salt, fatty acid
- anionic surfactants such as carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate sulfate and phosphate ester salt, aliphatic amine salt, fatty acid
- the emulsion may be further stabilized by using a cationic surfactant such as a quaternary ammonium salt or an amphoteric surfactant such as a carboxydiamine-type or an aminocarboxylic acid salt in combination.
- an unsaturated polyester or vinyl ester resin is used as the matrix resin
- a compound obtained by reacting an unsaturated alcohol or unsaturated carboxylic acid with an isocyanate compound is preferably used as a monomer.
- a compound obtained by reacting a saturated alcohol with an isocyanate compound is particularly preferably used.
- the unsaturated alcohol there may be used, for example, a reaction product of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and an unsaturated carboxylic acid with a polyol.
- the unsaturated alcohol for example, acryl alcohol, crotyl alcohol, 3-butene-1-1 1 year old, 3 — butene 1 2 year old, 3 — penten 1 year old 1 year, 4 — penten 1 year old, 4 — penten — 2 year old, 4 — hexene 1 1 day
- those having an unsaturated group at the terminal are suitable for increasing the molecular weight as described later, and are preferred.
- Examples of the reaction product of the unsaturated carboxylic acid and the polyol include 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, and 2-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate.
- unsaturated carboxylic acid acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, and the like can be used.
- polyols include glycerin, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and polyethylene.
- Glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyalkylene glycol, arabitol, sorbitol, 1.6-hexamethylenediol and the like are preferably used.
- isocyanate compound examples include tolylene diisocyanate, ditolylene diisocyanate, diphenyl methane diisocyanate, dimethyl diphenyl methane diisocyanate, and hexamethylene diisoate. It can be appropriately selected from known isocyanate compounds such as cyanate, metaphenylene diisocyanate, propyl isocyanate, and butyl isocyanate. Particularly, in order to obtain the flexibility of the carbon fiber bundle after carbon fiber application, an aromatic ring is not contained, for example, aliphatic such as 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, propyl isocyanate and butyl isocyanate. Those having a skeleton are preferably used.
- the above-mentioned unsaturated alcohol or unsaturated carboxylic acid and an isocyanate compound are appropriately combined, and the reaction is carried out under an appropriate condition from among known reaction conditions for urethanation reaction. After the reaction, the reaction solvent is removed. Thus, the desired component can be easily obtained.
- a compound in which the terminal unsaturated group of the unsaturated polyurethane compound is an acrylate group or a methacrylate group is preferred, and a dimethylglycidyl ether acrylate hexamethylene diisocyanate compound is preferred.
- Phenylglycidyl ether acrylate tolylene diisocyanate compound pen erythritol acrylate derivative hexamethylene diisocyanate compound, phenyl glycidyl ether terephthalate isophorone diisocyanate compound
- Glycerin dimethacrylate tolylene diisocyanate compound glycerin dimethacrylate trisophorone diisocyanate compound
- penpo erythritol triacrylic tritolylene diisocyanate compound pen erythritol trisodium compound Acrylate Longitudinals iso Xia Natick Bok, with one compound less selected from Bok Li allylisothiacyanate Xia wetting one Bok compounds can be used.
- the number of terminal unsaturated groups is preferably 2 or more per monomer in order to easily and uniformly form a high molecular weight on the carbon fiber surface to form a film and to react with the unsaturated polyester resin and vinyl ester resin. , More preferably 3 or more New When a monomer with one terminal unsaturated group is polymerized by heating on the surface of carbon fiber, the number of functional groups that react with the matrix resin is small, so the reaction with the matrix resin does not progress eventually, resulting in In some cases, the adhesive properties of the composite material are not improved.
- a polar group which is the number of polar groups per its molecular presentation (chemical formula amount) in a monomer, to ensure interaction with a specific amount of carbon fiber surface functional groups.
- density is preferably in the 1 X 1 0- 3 or more Z molecular weight, more preferably to the 3 X 1 0 _ 3 or more Z molecular weight.
- the upper limit thereof 1 5 x 1 (T 3 Z molecular weight or less, preferably 7 X 1 0- 3 below Z molecular weight.
- Preferred low-molecular-weight compound structures include molecules that facilitate high molecular weight on the carbon fiber surface, do not have a rigid, three-dimensionally large compound at the interface between the carbon fiber and the matrix resin, and do not have aromatic rings.
- Aliphatic compounds having a linear and flexible chain in particular, aliphatic polyisocyanate compounds having a terminal unsaturated group and a polar group, that is, polyisocyanate compounds having a polyethylene glycol skeleton and a polyalkylene skeleton, are made of carbon fibers. Adhering to the surface is preferable because the scratch resistance and fuzz resistance can be improved at the same time.
- the molecular weight (chemical formula weight) of such a compound is preferably from 300 to 200, and from the viewpoint of preventing the handleability as a sizing agent from deteriorating due to an increase in the resin viscosity. 0 or more and 100 or less are more preferable.
- a group that reacts with the matrix resin has high reactivity because of the stability of the compound when applied to carbon fiber and the ease of industrial use.
- Particularly preferred are a hydroxybenzyl group, a hydroxyphenyl group, a hydroxy group and a hydroxy-hydroxyl group.
- Examples of the low-molecular-weight compound having both a group that reacts with a phenol resin and a polar group include phenyl glycidyl ether acrylate hexamethylene diisocyanate and phenyl glycidyl ether triacrylate. Range succinates and r-diglycidyl ethersisophorone diisocyanates.
- the former low-molecular-weight compound When a low-molecular-weight compound having a polar group and a low-molecular-weight compound having a group that reacts with a phenol resin are both used as monomers to form a copolymer, the former low-molecular-weight compound is used.
- compounds terminal unsaturated groups, hydroxybenzyl groups, hydro
- An aromatic compound having a xyloxy group, a nonoxy group or a hydroxyl group is used, and the latter low molecular weight compound is a compound having a polar group and a terminal unsaturated group. Good.
- the former low molecular weight compounds 2-arylphenol, phenoxyshetyl (meth) acrylate, phenyloxyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxy And propyl (meth) acrylate.
- the group that reacts with the matrix resin is highly reactive and is an epoxy group, and the stability of the compound when applied to carbon fibers and the ease of industrial use Accordingly, as a monomer having both a group that reacts with the matrix resin and a polar group, specifically, an epoxy compound having a hydantoin skeleton, an epoxy compound having an isocyanurate skeleton, and the like are used.
- the former low molecular weight compound is used.
- a compound having a terminal unsaturated group and an epoxy group is used, and as the latter low molecular weight compound, a compound having a polar group and a terminal having an unsaturated group is preferably used.
- glycidol, glycidyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate ethylene oxide adduct, glycidyl methacrylate ethylene cysteine ⁇ propylene oil copolymer block adduct, etc. Can be mentioned.
- the carbon fiber of the present invention preferably has a strand strength of at least 300 MPa, more preferably at least 400 OMPa, and still more preferably at least 450 OMPa.
- the rate is preferably at least 200 GPa, more preferably at least 220 GPa.
- Composite materials using such carbon fibers can exhibit desired characteristics.
- the strand strength and strand elasticity of the carbon fiber are based on the resin-impregnated strand test method of JIS-R-7601, and the resin formulation is a standard manufactured by Union Carbide Co., Ltd. Crite (registered trademark) ERL 42 21/3
- the strength and elastic modulus measured using boron fluoride monoethylamine Zacetone 100/3/4 (parts by weight). Higher strand strength and elastic modulus are preferable, but at present, their upper limits are about 70 OOMPa and 800 GPa, respectively. You.
- the carbon fiber of the present invention can be obtained by heating a carbon fiber in which a monomer having a polar group and a group that reacts with a matrix resin is attached to the fiber surface, and polymerizing the monomer. Specifically, after the monomer is attached to the carbon fiber bundle, it is preliminarily dried by a heating roller, subsequently dried by a hot air drier, and then the monomer is thermally polymerized. By preliminarily drying with a heating roller after attaching the monomer, the fiber bundle can be spread, and so-called heat setting, in which the spread form is fixed, can be performed. Further, it is preferable to simultaneously perform the main drying and the thermal polymerization from the viewpoint of ensuring the flexibility of the obtained carbon fiber bundle. If the flexibility can be secured, the preliminary drying may be omitted.
- a sizing solution in which the monomer is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent such as water, methanol, ethanol, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, or acetone.
- a solvent such as water, methanol, ethanol, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, or acetone.
- the fiber is immersed in the sizing liquid via a roller, the fiber is brought into contact with the roller to which the sizing liquid is attached, or the sizing liquid is sprayed on the fiber in a mist.
- a process may be performed in a batch system, but is preferably performed in a continuous system from the viewpoint of improving productivity and minimizing variations.
- the concentration of the monomer in the sizing solution, the temperature of the sizing solution, the tension applied to the fiber, and the like are controlled so that the amount of the monomer attached to the carbon fiber is uniformly attached within an appropriate range. It is preferable to vibrate the carbon fiber with ultrasonic waves as necessary. Further, as the solvent used for the sizing liquid, it is preferable to use water that can be easily handled from the viewpoint of disaster prevention.
- the carbon fiber bundle In order to uniformly apply the carbon fiber bundle inside the carbon fiber bundle, it is important that the carbon fiber bundle is preliminarily dried while being spread by a heating roller before drying, and then thermally fixed. Spreading and heat fixation 1 By using this method, monomers can be uniformly applied to the carbon fiber bundle, preventing excessive convergence of the carbon fiber bundle in the subsequent thermal polymerization process, and flexibility of the carbon fiber bundle. Can be secured. The effect is more remarkable when using a carbon fiber bundle having 10,000 filaments or more, especially 150,000 or more.
- the temperature of the heat drying roller may be incompletely dried in order to prevent fluffing and yarn breakage that occur when drying in the opened state is completed. It is preferably in the range of 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. lower than the main drying temperature shown below.
- the carbon fiber to which the sizing liquid has adhered is subjected to a main drying to substantially completely remove the solvent, followed by heat treatment to polymerize the monomer on the fiber surface.
- Performing the heat treatment step for main drying and the heat treatment step for polymerizing the monomer at the same time improves the productivity and allows the monomer to be polymerized in the state where the fiber bundle is opened. Therefore, it is preferable to ensure the flexibility of the carbon fiber bundle.
- the temperature is not lower than the polymerization initiation temperature.
- the treatment time depends on the heat treatment temperature, but is preferably from 30 seconds to 30 minutes, more preferably from 50 seconds to 15 minutes.
- an auxiliary component such as an emulsifier or a surfactant for improving the handleability of the carbon fiber, the abrasion resistance and the fuzz resistance may be added to the sizing solution.
- other compounds such as polyurethane, polyester, and epoxy resin may be added to the sizing liquid in order to further improve the convergence property, etc., but in order to maintain the density of the polar group in the attached matter, these compounds are added.
- the amount is preferably 30% by weight or less, more preferably 15% by weight or less of the total amount of deposits.
- Acrylic, pitch, rayon, etc. carbon fibers can be used as the raw material carbon fibers.
- acrylic carbon fibers from which high strength long fibers are easily obtained, are preferred.
- a method for producing raw carbon fiber will be described below.
- a spinning method for obtaining acrylic fibers a wet method, a dry method, a dry-wet method, etc. can be adopted, but a high-strength yarn can be easily obtained.
- a dry-wet method is more preferably employed.
- As the spinning solution a solution or suspension of a polyacrylonitrile homopolymer or copolymer is used.
- the fiber formed by the above spinning method is usually washed with water and stretched, and then oiled to give a carbon fiber form. It becomes a precursor fiber for formation.
- the carbonized or graphitized fibers are further subjected to a surface oxidation treatment.
- a surface oxidation treatment it is preferable to employ a so-called electrolytic surface treatment in which the fiber is used as an anode to perform electrochemical oxidation.
- the electrolytic solution used for the electrolytic surface treatment may be either an acidic aqueous solution or an alkaline aqueous solution.However, an acidic aqueous solution is used from the viewpoint that the concentration of the ruboxyl group on the fiber surface can be easily increased. Is good.
- Any acidic electrolyte may be used as long as it shows acidity when converted to an aqueous solution, such as inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, and carbonic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, oxalic acid, acrylic acid, and maleic acid.
- Organic acid or salts such as ammonium sulfate and ammonium hydrogen sulfate. Of these, sulfuric acid and nitric acid, which exhibit strong acidity, are preferred.
- the alkaline electrolyte may be any electrolyte that exhibits alkaline properties when converted into an aqueous solution, specifically, hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, hydroxide hydroxide, and hydroxide hydroxide, ammonia, or Inorganic salts such as sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, and organic salts such as sodium acetate and sodium benzoate; and potassium salts, barium salts or other metal salts, and aluminum salts thereof. And an organic compound such as hydrazine.
- use an inorganic alloy such as aluminum carbonate or hydrogen carbonate that does not contain metal, which preferably inhibits curing with a resin. It is more preferable to use tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide salts which exhibit strong alcoholic properties.
- the concentration of the electrolyte in the electrolyte is preferably from 0.01 to 5 mol / liter, more preferably from 0.1 to 1 mol / liter, and the temperature of the electrolyte is preferably from 0 to 100 mol / l. It is more preferably room temperature.
- the amount of electricity is optimized according to the carbonization temperature of the carbon fiber subjected to the electrolytic surface treatment, and a higher amount of electricity is required for higher modulus yarns carbonized at higher temperatures.
- the amount of electricity per 1 g of carbon fiber It is preferably in the range of 1 to 100 coulombs, and more preferably in the range of 3 to 300 coulombs.
- the time required for electrolytic surface treatment should be optimized depending on the amount of electricity and the concentration of electrolyte, but from the viewpoint of productivity, it is preferably from several seconds to about 10 minutes, and more preferably from about 10 seconds to about 2 minutes. .
- the electrolytic voltage in the electrolytic surface treatment is preferably 25 V or less from the viewpoint of safety, and more preferably 0.5 to 20 V.
- the electrolytic surface treatment may be performed in a batch system, but is preferably performed in a continuous system that can improve productivity and reduce variations.
- a method for energizing the fiber either direct energization in which the carbon fiber is brought into direct contact with the electrode roller and energization, or indirect energization in which an electrolysis solution or the like is applied between the carbon fiber and the electrode may be employed.
- indirect energization which suppresses fluffing and electric spark during electrolytic treatment.
- the electrolytic cell used for the electrolytic surface treatment a required number of cells may be arranged in series and may be treated continuously, or the treatment may be repeated as many times as necessary in one electrolytic cell.
- the length of the so-called cathode cell which is the electrolytic cell in which the cathode is immersed, is preferably from 10 to 100 mm, more preferably from 300 to 900 mm.
- the length of the so-called anode layer in the electrolytic cell in which the anode is immersed is preferably 5 to 100 mm.
- the fibers subjected to electrolytic surface treatment are then washed with water and dried. If the drying temperature in this case is too high, the functional groups, especially carboxyl groups, present on the outermost surface of the carbon fiber are easily lost due to thermal decomposition, so it is preferable to dry at the lowest possible temperature.
- the vinyl ester resin composite material is prepared by first winding a carbon fiber in one direction and setting a metal frame in a mold. 100 parts of vinyl ester resin (Ripoxy R 806, manufactured by Showa Polymer Co., Ltd.), cobalt naphthenate ( 0.5 parts of Cobalt N manufactured by Showa Polymer Co., Ltd., and 1.0 part of methylethyl ketone peroxide (Permec N manufactured by NOF Corporation) were injected into a mold, and after degassing, vacuum molding and press molding (room temperature X 24 hours) ) did. Subsequently post-cured at 1 2 0 3 C, 2 hours to obtain a fiber content of 5 5-6 5% by volume of a vinyl ester resin molding plate.
- the unsaturated polyester resin composite material For the unsaturated polyester resin composite material, first, a carbon fiber is wound in one direction, a metal frame is set in a mold, and 100 parts of an unsaturated polyester resin (Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Polymer 822 P (W)) Then, 0.5 part of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd., Permec N) was poured into a mold, defoamed in a vacuum, and press-molded (room temperature X 24 hours). Subsequently, after curing for 120 hours and 2 hours, an unsaturated polyester resin molded plate having a fiber content of 55 to 65% by volume was obtained.
- an unsaturated polyester resin molded plate having a fiber content of 55 to 65% by volume was obtained.
- carbon fiber is wound around carbon fiber in one direction, and a metal frame is set in a metal mold. Then, the metal resin (BRL-240, manufactured by Showa Polymer Co., Ltd.) is cured. 30 parts of a medium (FRH-30 manufactured by Showa Polymer Co., Ltd.) is injected into a mold, and after vacuum degassing, press molding (60 ⁇ 2 hours + 1.50 ° C. ⁇ 1 hour) is performed to obtain a fiber content of A phenol molded plate of 5 to 65% by volume was obtained.
- the metal resin (BRL-240, manufactured by Showa Polymer Co., Ltd.) is cured.
- 30 parts of a medium (FRH-30 manufactured by Showa Polymer Co., Ltd.) is injected into a mold, and after vacuum degassing, press molding (60 ⁇ 2 hours + 1.50 ° C. ⁇ 1 hour) is performed to obtain a fiber content of A phenol molded plate of 5 to 65% by volume was obtained.
- epoxy resin composite material carbon fiber is wound in one direction and a metal frame is set in a mold.
- 100 parts of epoxy resin (Ep 828 made by Yuka Isil) and a curing catalyst (BF 3 MEA 3 parts were poured into a mold, and after vacuum degassing, press molding (110 ⁇ 1 hour) was performed to obtain an epoxy resin molded plate having a fiber content of 55 to 65% by volume.
- the interlaminar shear strength (hereinafter abbreviated as ILSS) is calculated by measuring a 2.5 mm thick x 6 mm wide x 16 mm long unidirectional test specimen by using a normal three-point bending test jig (indenter 10 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ The supporting span was set to 14 mm using the fulcrum 4 mm ⁇ ), and the strain rate was determined by testing at 2.0 mm / min.
- the i LSS after water absorption was obtained by using the same test specimen as described above in distilled water 98-100, After immersion for 16 hours, ILSS was measured in a water-absorbed state in the same manner as above.
- the bending strength is determined by measuring the thickness of a unidirectional test piece with a thickness of 150 mm and a width of 100 mm using a 3-point bending test jig (indenter 1 Ommc)) and a fulcrum 1 Ommcj)). It was determined by setting the strain rate at 80 mm and testing with a strain rate of 1.5 hidden.
- the compressive strength was determined in accordance with JiS-K7706, ⁇ method, using a unidirectional molded plate having a thickness of 1 mm.
- the higher workability of the carbon fiber was evaluated by the following method.
- the scraping fluff is made of 5 stainless steel rods with a diameter of 1 Omm (chrome plating, surface roughness: 1 to 1.5 S), each of which is parallel at intervals of 5 Omm, and their surfaces are made of carbon fiber threads with a contact angle of 120 °.
- a rubbing device was used in which the rods were arranged in a zigzag manner so that they could pass while contacting with each other. With this device, the carbon fiber yarn is passed through a 3 m yarn under a 0.09 g per denier entry side tension, and a laser beam is irradiated from the side at right angles to the fiber yarn to reduce the number of fluff. It is detected and counted by the fluff detection device and displayed as Zm.
- the flexibility of the carbon fiber bundle (hereinafter referred to as the flexibility of the CF bundle) was evaluated by palpating the carbon fiber bundle. It was determined that the case where the carbon fiber bundle was bent without applying force and the carbon fiber bundle was easily separated into a unit in which several tens of single fibers or less were aggregated was good. On the other hand, when force was applied, the carbon fiber bundle was bent, and the case where the carbon fiber bundle was hardly separated was judged to be defective.
- a single fiber fineness of 1.1 denier and a number of filaments of 1 2 were obtained by a dry and wet spinning method. There were obtained 1000 acrylic fibers.
- the obtained fiber bundle is heated at a draw ratio of 1.0 in the air of 240 to '280 to convert it into oxidized fiber, and then in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 to 900 °.
- the basis weight of the obtained carbon fiber was 0.3%. 80 g Zm and specific gravity was 1.80.
- the carbon fiber is converted to an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid with a concentration of 0.1 mol Electrolytic surface treatment was performed at 5 coulombs per gram of carbon fiber.
- the carbon fiber subjected to the electrolytic surface treatment was subsequently washed with water and dried in a heated air of 15 (TC) to obtain a raw carbon fiber.
- the surface oxygen concentration of the raw carbon fiber was 0 / C and the surface carboxyl group concentration.
- Table 1 shows C 0 ⁇ H (:
- a glyceryl dimethacrylate hexamethylene diisocyanate compound (monomer A; molecular weight 62), which is a monomer having a urethane group as a polar group and a methacryloyl group as a group that reacts with a vinyl ester resin. 5)
- Dilute (Kyoeisha Chemical UA101H) with acetone to prepare a sizing solution, apply it to the raw carbon fiber by the dipping method, apply it for 150, and pre-dry it with a hot roller for 5 seconds.
- Main drying and polymerization treatment were carried out for 120 seconds at 230 °.
- the total amount of the deposits was 1.0% by weight, and the amount of the polymer insoluble in styrene was 0.15% by weight.
- the carbon fiber thus obtained had a strand strength of 5.2 GPa and a strand elastic modulus of 240 GPa.
- the composite material using vinyl ester resin as the matrix resin has an ILSS of 85MPa, the ILSS of the composite material after water absorption is 7MPa, the retention rate is 91%, high adhesive properties and high water absorption resistance Has characteristics.
- the flexural strength was 135 MPa and the compressive strength was 117 MPa.
- the fluff is as low as 3 m and the flexibility of the CF bundle is good, and it has high workability. Examples 2 and 3
- the monomer is a monomer having a urethane group as a polar group, an acryloyl group as a group that reacts with a matrix resin, and a monomer having a methacryloyl group, pentamethylene erythritol triacrylate hexamethylene diisocyanate (monomer B; molecular weight 765) (Kyoeisha Chemical UA306H), phenyl glycidyl ether acrylate'hexamethylene diisocyanate compound (monomer C; molecular weight 6 13) (Kyoeisha Chemical AH600) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of adhered substances was 1.0% by weight (Example 2) and 1.2% by weight (Example 3). ) was obtained. Table 1 shows the measurement results of various properties using vinyl ester resin as matrix resin.
- the monomer was changed to a X-glycidyl ether acrylate tri-diisocyanate compound having an aromatic ring skeleton (monomer D; molecular weight 6 19) (AT 600 manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical) Except for the above, the same treatment as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a carbon fiber having an attached amount of 1.2 weight%.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of various properties using vinyl ester resin as matrix resin. Comparative Example 1
- Example 2 The same treatment as in Example 1 was carried out except that the monomer was changed to trimethylolpropane triacrylate having no polar group, to obtain a carbon fiber having an attached amount of 1.0% by weight.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of various properties using vinyl ester resin as matrix resin.
- the ILSS was 75 MPa and the iLSS after water absorption was 58 MPa, and the retention was as low as 77%.
- the flexural strength was 125 OMPa and the compressive strength was 108 OMPa, which was considerably lower than that of Example 1.
- the number of naps was 5 Zm, and the flexibility of the CF bundle was good. Comparative Example 2
- Example 1 shows the measurement results of various properties using vinyl ester resin as matrix resin.
- ILSS was 76 MPa
- ILSS after water absorption was 60 MPa
- the retention was as low as 79%.
- the flexural strength was 126 OMPa and the compressive strength was 106 OMPa, which were considerably lower than those in Example 1.
- the number of fluffs was as large as 20 pieces and the flexibility of the CF bundle was good. Comparative Example 3
- a carbon fiber was obtained by treating in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the monomer was changed to an epoxy resin (Epicol 828, manufactured by Yukasil Co., Ltd.).
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of various properties using vinyl ester resin as matrix resin.
- ILSS is 77MPa, The ILSS at the time of water absorption was 57 MPa, and the retention was as low as 4%.
- the bending strength was 125 MPa and the compressive strength was 170 MPa, which were considerably lower than those in Example 1.
- the number of fluffs was 6 pieces / m, and the flexibility of the CF bundle was slightly poor. Examples 5, 6
- a carbon fiber was obtained by performing the same treatment as in Example 1 except that the amount of electricity was changed to 10 and 40 coulombs Zg.
- the amount of the deposit was 1.2% by weight and 1.3% by weight, respectively.
- the measurement results of various properties using vinyl ester resin as the matrix resin are not shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 The same treatment as in Example 1 was carried out except that the drying temperature after the electrolytic surface treatment was changed to 250 ° C., to obtain carbon fibers having an attached amount of 1.1% by weight.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of various properties using vinyl ester resin as the matrix resin. Examples 8 to 10
- a carbon fiber was obtained by performing the same treatment as in Example 1 except that the thermal polymerization temperature after the monomer was applied was changed to 180 C, 150, and 80.
- the attached amounts of the deposits were 1.2% by weight, 1.2% by weight, and 1.1% by weight, respectively.
- Table 2 shows the measurement results of various characteristics using vinyl ester resin as matrix resin. Examples 11 to 13
- a monomer is a monomer having a sulfo group as a polar group and a monomer having a methacryloyl group as a group that reacts with a vinyl ester resin, and a monomer having a methacryloyl group as a polar group, an amino group as a polar group, and a vinyl ester resin.
- N, N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate which is a monomer having an acryloyl group as a reactive group, a monomer having a vinyl group as a polar group and a terminal vinyl group as a group which reacts with a vinyl ester resin
- Acrylic terminal modified butadiene (Nippon Soda TE200) Except for changing them respectively, the same treatment as in Example 1 was performed to obtain carbon fibers. The amount of the deposit-was 1.2% by weight, 0.9% by weight, and 1.3% by weight, respectively.
- Table 3 shows the measurement results of various characteristics using vinyl ester resin as matrix resin.
- a glycerin dimethacrylate hexamethylene disocyanate compound (monomer A), which is a monomer having a polar group as a polar group and a methacryloyl group as a group which reacts with a vinyl ester resin (monomer A), and a polyoxyethylene as a nonionic emulsifier (70 mol) Styrenated (5 mol) Cumylf: L-nor (weight ratio 90: 10) emulsified product (emulsifier A) dispersed in water to prepare a sizing solution. It was applied to the used raw carbon fiber, dried for 5 seconds on 150 hot drying rollers, and subsequently heat-treated in a hot air circulation type dryer at 230 C for 60 seconds. The amount of deposits was 0.6% by weight, and the amount of insolubles in styrene was 0.15% by weight.
- Table 4 shows the measurement results of the number of fluffed feathers of the obtained carbon fibers, the flexibility of the CF bundle, the ILS S using vinyl ester resin as the matrix resin, and the bending strength.
- the compressive strength was 1160 MPa. Examples 15 and 16
- a carbon fiber was obtained in the same manner as in Example IV4 except that the composition ratio of the monomer and the emulsifier was changed. Table 4 shows the measurement results of various characteristics. Examples 18 and 19
- a carbon fiber was obtained by performing the same treatment as in Example 14 except that the amount of the attached matter was changed to 1.0% by weight and 0.1% by weight. Table 4 shows the measurement results of various characteristics. Comparative Example 4
- a carbon fiber was obtained by treating in the same manner as in Example 14 except that the monomer was changed to an epoxy resin (Epicol 828, manufactured by Yuka Isil Co., Ltd.). Table 4 shows the measurement results of various characteristics.
- the compressive strength of the composite material using a vinyl ester resin as a matrix resin was 150 MPa.
- the monomers were prepared as pentamethylene erythritol triacrylate hexamethylene diisocyanate (compound B), phenyl glycidyl ether acrylate hexamethylene diisocyanate compound (monomer C) and phenol erythritol
- a carbon fiber was obtained by treating in the same manner as in Example 14 except that triacrylic acid was used instead of tolylene diisocyanate (monomer E; molecular weight: 7 to 0).
- Table 5 shows the measurement results of various properties using vinyl ester resin as the matrix resin.
- Example 14 The same treatment as in Example 14 was carried out except that the emulsifier was changed to poly-xylene styrene phenylated ether (emulsifier B) and poly-xylene (40 mol) styrenated (5 mol) cumyl ether (emulsifier C). To obtain a carbon fiber.
- Table 5 shows the measurement results of various properties using vinyl ester resin as the matrix resin.
- the composite material comprising the polymer-adhered carbon fiber and the unsaturated polyester resin obtained in Example 14 had an I L S S of 83 MPa, and the I L S S of the composite material after absorbing water was 66 M′P a. Comparative Example 5
- the composite material comprising the polymer-adhered carbon fiber and the unsaturated polyester resin obtained in Comparative Example 3 had an ILSS of 52 MPa, and the water-absorbing ILSS of the composite material was 48 MPa. there were. -Example 2 8
- the glycerin dimethacrylate hexamethylene diisocyanate compound (monomer A) was used as a monomer.
- the acetone solution was adjusted as a sizing solution, and applied to the raw carbon fiber used in Example 1 by an immersion method to obtain 15 (TC It was dried on a hot-drying roller for 5 seconds, and then subjected to thermal polymerization in a hot-air circulation type dryer for 230 and 60 seconds. The amount of deposits was 0.5% by weight, which was insoluble in methanol. The adhesion amount of the polymer was 0.05% by weight.
- Table 6 shows the ILSSS and flexural strength of the composite material obtained from carbon fiber and phenol resin.
- the ILSS exhibited a high adhesive property of 5.9 MPa and a flexural strength of 178 OMPa.
- the number of fluffs was 4 Zm, and the flexibility of the carbon fiber bundle was good, indicating high workability.
- the monomer is combined with a glycerin dimethacrylate hexamethylene diisocyanate compound; L-noxityl acrylate, phenoxy polyethylene glycol methyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy 3-phenyl A mixture with enoxypropyl methyl acrylate, a phenylglycidyl ether acrylate hexamethylene diisocyanate compound (monomer C), and a phenyl glycidyl ether terephthalate tolylene thiocyanate (monomer C)
- a carbon fiber was obtained in the same manner as in Example 28 except that the polymer was changed to D).
- Table 6 shows the ILSSS and flexural strength of the composite material obtained from the carbon fiber and phenol resin.
- a carbon fiber was obtained in the same manner as in Example 28, except that the monomer was changed to bisphenol A diglycidyl ether alone or glycerin dimethacrylate hexamethylene diisocyanate compound alone.
- Table 6 shows the ILSSS and flexural strength of the composite material comprising the obtained carbon fiber and phenol resin.
- Example 2 The same conditions as in Example 1 were used, except that the electrolytic surface treatment conditions were changed to an electrolytic solution using a 3 mol ZI aqueous solution of ammonium hydrogen carbonate as an electrolytic solution, with an electric quantity of 80 coulombs / g—CF.
- a raw carbon fiber was obtained.
- the surface oxygen concentration O Z C of the raw carbon fiber was 0.14, and the surface carboxyl group concentration C 00 H / C was 1.3%.
- a reaction between dimethylhydantoin and hexamethylene diglycidyl ether as monomers was carried out.
- the ethanol solution was adjusted, applied to the raw carbon fiber by the dipping method, dried for 5 seconds on a 150-degree hot drying roller, and then dried with a hot-air circulating drier. Thermal polymerization was performed in 60 seconds.
- the attached amount of the attached matter is 0.5% by weight, and the attached amount of the polymer insoluble in the black form is 0.0%.
- the flexibility of the F-bundle was good and showed high workability.
- the compressive strength of the composite material is 1
- Example 3 6, 37, 38, 39 One monomer was prepared by reacting dimethylhydantoin with diethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, reacting dimethylhydantoin with polymethylolpropane polyglycidyl ether, and trihexane. Reaction product of methylene isocyanurate and glycidol, glycerin dimethacrylate hexamethylene diisocyanate compound (monomer A) and glycidyl methacrylate ethylene chloride (5 mol) propylene oxide (2 mol) ) A carbon fiber was obtained in the same manner as in Example 33, except that the mixture was changed to a mixture of adducts (weight ratio: 50:50). The ILSS of the composite material consisting of the obtained carbon fiber and epoxy resin is shown in the Table. Comparative Examples 8, 9
- Carbon fibers were obtained in the same manner as in Example 34, except that the monomers were changed to bisphenol A diglycidyl ether alone and glycerin dimethacrylate hexamethylene diisocyanate compound alone.
- Table 1 shows the i LSS of the obtained composite material consisting of carbon fiber and epoxy resin.
- the compressive strength of Comparative Example 8 was 146 GPa.
- Example 1 0. 10 1. 23 ⁇ 4 click "Riserinshi” methacrylates - Kisamechirenshi to bets "Isoshiane - DOO 3.2 4 230 85
- Example 11 0. 10 1.2% Bisph I-Nor S S "Creation” Rm. Rerate 3.2 2 230 80
- Example 12 0.1. 1.23 ⁇ 4 N, N-N-methylmethyl acrylate 7.01 230 79
- Example 13 0.10.1 1.2% liquid terminal modified with acrylic terminal "In 2.0> 5 230 78
- Example 14 A Water A 90 10 0.5 0.5.15 3 Good 84 77 92 1350 Example 15 A Water A 80 20 0.5 0.513 Good 83 74 89 1330 Example 16 A Water A 70 30 0.5 0.5 15.3 3 Good 79 65 82 1280 Example 17 A Water A 60 40 0.5 0.50 05 Good 75 60 80 1250 Example 18 A Water A 90 10 0.5 0.5 0 05 4 Good 81 70 86 1290 Example 19 A Water A 90 10 0.5 0.5. 10 3 Good 83 76 92 1310 Example 20 A Water A 90 10 1.
- Example 35 Reaction product of methylhexane yne and hexamethylene citrate ether 90
- Example 36 Silicone methitaine yne and '/ 1 ethylene glycol "Reaction product with ricillyl I-tel 90
- Example 37 Reaction product with methyl tanine and e.m.
- Example 39 Reaction product of isocyanurate and glycerol 90
- Example 39 glycerin "methacrylate-hexamethylene” isocyanate compound, and 88
- the carbon fiber according to the present invention is used in combination with unsaturated polyester resin and vinyl ester resin in small vessels, boats, yachts, fishing boats, septic tanks, various tanks, etc. It is preferably used for vehicle interior materials, architectural materials such as trusses.
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Description
Priority Applications (5)
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EP98961534A EP0965679B1 (en) | 1998-01-06 | 1998-12-24 | Carbon fibers and process for the production thereof |
US09/380,438 US6368712B1 (en) | 1998-01-06 | 1998-12-24 | Carbon fibers and process for the production thereof |
AU16887/99A AU738602B2 (en) | 1998-01-06 | 1998-12-24 | Carbon fibers and a method of producing them |
DK98961534T DK0965679T3 (da) | 1998-01-06 | 1998-12-24 | Carbonfibre og fremgangsmåde til fremstilling deraf |
DE69838021T DE69838021T2 (de) | 1998-01-06 | 1998-12-24 | Kohlenstofffasern sowie verfahren zu deren herstellung |
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JP00080398A JP3807066B2 (ja) | 1998-01-06 | 1998-01-06 | 炭素繊維用サイジング剤およびそれでサイズ処理された炭素繊維およびそれからなる複合材料 |
JP10/803 | 1998-01-06 |
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US09/380,438 A-371-Of-International US6368712B1 (en) | 1998-01-06 | 1998-12-24 | Carbon fibers and process for the production thereof |
US10/060,194 Division US6638615B2 (en) | 1998-01-06 | 2002-02-01 | Carbon-fibers and a method of producing them |
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US (2) | US6368712B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0965679B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3807066B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU738602B2 (ja) |
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JP2015007300A (ja) * | 2013-06-26 | 2015-01-15 | 東レ株式会社 | サイジング剤塗布炭素繊維およびその製造方法、炭素繊維強化複合材料 |
WO2017179506A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-11 | 2017-10-19 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 繊維強化樹脂材料の製造方法及び繊維強化樹脂材料の製造装置 |
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JP3807066B2 (ja) * | 1998-01-06 | 2006-08-09 | 東レ株式会社 | 炭素繊維用サイジング剤およびそれでサイズ処理された炭素繊維およびそれからなる複合材料 |
US6463871B1 (en) * | 2001-03-05 | 2002-10-15 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Wood replacement system and method |
TW591157B (en) * | 2001-05-25 | 2004-06-11 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co | Sizing agent for carbon fiber, its water dispersing solution, carbon fiber with sizing handling, sheet matter with using the carbon fiber and carbon fiber reinforced composite |
ES2306775T3 (es) * | 2001-07-31 | 2008-11-16 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. | Agente de encolado para fibra de carbono, procedimiento para encolar una fibra de carbono mediante dicho agente de encolado, fibra de carbono encolada y tejido de punto o textil que utiliza dicha fibra de carbono. |
EP1500740A4 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2005-12-07 | Toho Tenax Co Ltd | STRAND OF CARBON FIBERS |
US7959783B2 (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2011-06-14 | The Boeing Company | Electrochemical deposition process for composite structures |
WO2006019139A1 (ja) | 2004-08-19 | 2006-02-23 | Toray Industries, Inc. | 水系プロセス用炭素繊維及び水系プロセス用チョップド炭素繊維 |
JP2006144168A (ja) * | 2004-11-19 | 2006-06-08 | Toray Ind Inc | 炭素繊維束 |
FR2890985B1 (fr) * | 2005-09-16 | 2007-12-07 | Eads Soc Par Actions Simplifie | Procede pour ameliorer l'adherence de fibres de carbone vis-a-vis d'une matrice organique |
US20070132126A1 (en) * | 2005-12-14 | 2007-06-14 | Shao Richard L | Method for debundling and dispersing carbon fiber filaments uniformly throughout carbon composite compacts before densification |
FR2909676B1 (fr) | 2006-12-11 | 2009-03-20 | Astrium Sas Soc Par Actions Si | Procede pour ameliorer l'adherence de fibres de carbone vis-a-vis d'une matrice organique |
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- 1998-12-24 US US09/380,438 patent/US6368712B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-24 DK DK98961534T patent/DK0965679T3/da active
- 1998-12-24 WO PCT/JP1998/005877 patent/WO1999035326A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1998-12-24 EP EP98961534A patent/EP0965679B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-24 DE DE69838021T patent/DE69838021T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20020150755A1 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
JPH11200252A (ja) | 1999-07-27 |
US6638615B2 (en) | 2003-10-28 |
AU1688799A (en) | 1999-07-26 |
EP0965679B1 (en) | 2007-07-04 |
EP0965679A1 (en) | 1999-12-22 |
EP0965679A4 (en) | 2000-02-23 |
US6368712B1 (en) | 2002-04-09 |
AU738602B2 (en) | 2001-09-20 |
DE69838021T2 (de) | 2008-03-06 |
JP3807066B2 (ja) | 2006-08-09 |
DK0965679T3 (da) | 2007-10-08 |
DE69838021D1 (de) | 2007-08-16 |
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