Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
  • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
  • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
  • E04C5/0604—Prismatic or cylindrical reinforcement cages composed of longitudinal bars and open or closed stirrup rods
  • E04C5/0613—Closed cages made of one single bent reinforcement mat
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
  • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
  • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
  • E04C5/0627—Three-dimensional reinforcements composed of a prefabricated reinforcing mat combined with reinforcing elements protruding out of the plane of the mat

Definitions

• the invention concerns the structural core of the three-dimensional concrete reinforcing mat and its fabrication with longitudinal ribs of trapezoidal cross-section, formed by mat-core's longitudinal load-bearing bars together with a certain number of its distribution bars suitably bent into a particular eandrical shape.
• the structural mat-core is designated for usage not only as concrete reinforcing material or as a load-bearing steel structure in construction industry, but also withoutmat-core's combination with concrete for other purposes in other application fields.
• This invention concerns also the method of fabrication of this mat-core and of its ccmple- tion into a three-dimensional concrete reinforcing mat , making it suitable for typification.
• the reinforcing steel during past one hundred years was fabricated for and used by construction industry only, and there only in its form as indivi- dual straight barsorwires which may be also coiled, this bars and wires cut and bend as needed at place of their use, or in a form of flat - i .e. from structural point of view two-dimensional only- two-way load-bearing welded steel reinforcing fabric/mesh, fabricated from two layers of mutually crossed reinforcing barsorwires, in their mesh-form shipped by their fabrica- tor either in bundles of flat sheets or in rolls.
• An additional -at present generally used form of concrete structures' reinforcement are by structural analysis individually case by case designed three-dimensional mats, assembled fully on site usually directly on the for work through an labour-intensive manual assembly of individually cat and bent bars and wires by tying them or manually welding them together, which excludes useof reinforcing wires of smaler profiles, asthosecanbe welded through an automated electrical welding process in factory conditions only. Individually designed reinforcing mats sometimes do contain individual bars and/or wires plus flat welded steel wire fabric/mesh combi- tied together.
• both this two types of reinforcing material lack entirely any resistance to bending moments perpendicularly to their profiles/ sections, and therefore tomaintain the needed designed distance between layers of load-bearing reinforcement in individual three-dimensional mats it is necessary to insert and to tie-in, or manually to weld-in between those layers the required layers-distancing "chairs", which havetobe also fabricated individually as needed from individual reinforcing bars directly on the same site.
• Such weight requires mobile mechanical lifting devices for manipulating with and transfer of such completed and thus heavy three-dimensional mats until they are in their place of use, which does exclude them from use on smaller sites and/or from "do-it-yourselves" types of sites even in industrialized countries, not mentioning sites in underdeveloped countries, where suitable mobile mechanical lifting devices aren't always available; f) the present way of three-dimensional reinforcing mats' fabrication and assembly being done strictly entirely on sites, without any less strong and less climatically resistant way of mats' individual bars' and/or wires' cross-joining inother way than by tying them together, or by the manual process of electrical resistance welding.
• the semiproduct is longitudinally throughout its length bent, forming a meander consisting of a continuous row of incomplete equilateral trapezoids consisting of slanted sides plus shorter bases, but with imaginary longer basis/transomes only, those equilateral trapezoids laying in the same plane alternatively mutually opposite, so that slanted sides of two adiacent but opposing each other trapezoids are of the same length and are identical, and also consisting of straight load- bearing bars of mat's length attached to the meandrically bent distribution bars into each corner-bend of their trapezoids, in that way the distribution bars forming together with welded-in load-bearing bars mat's longitudinal ribs of in plane by an angle of 180° alternately oriented trapezoidal cross-sectional form.
• Yet another advantage of the solution of the three-dimensional mat through its completion at its place of use is, that into its structurally determined tensioned zone, between the load-bearing bars of the mat-core, i.e. of the mat's semiproduct, there is inserted and affixed at least one additional straight load-bearing bar, by adding of which the mat- core, i.e. mat's semiproduct reaches the required full load-bearing capacity of a particular physically fully completed three-dimensional mat, and if this semiproduct constitues the reinforcement of a continuous concrete slab then it is complemented above its supports by an inserted strip of an identical mat-core.
• the geometrical parameters of equilateral trapezoids of the eandrical form of mat-core's distribution bar are set in such way, that the angle of trapezoid's imaginary longer base and its slanted side is from 45° up to 85°, and the length relation of slanted sides of the equilateral trapezoid to the length of its shorter base is within the brackets of 1,5:1 or up to 5:1.
• the geometrical parameters that is the shape of the equilateral trapezoid of the meandrically bent distribution bar of the structural core, i.e. the semiproduct mat-core of a three-dimensional mat is set in such way, that the angle of trapezoid's imaginary longer base and its slanted sides is of an angle 60° or up to 78° and the length's relation of slanted sides of the equilateral trapezoid to the length of its shorter base is within the brackets of 2:1 or up to 5:1.
• the structural core i.e. mat-core that is the semiproduct of the three-dimensional concrete reinforcing mat, containing only its meandrically bent distribution bars welded over its longitudinal load-bearing bars which form longitudinal edges of mat-core's ribs, may be also used - bent paralelly to and along of its load-bearing .bars into an opened or closed curve, or into a triangle, a quadrangle or a polygon containing therequired number of ribs with their load-bearing bars in vertical position, as reinforcing in vertical supports such as columns.
• the structural core of the three-dimensional concrete reinforcing mat according to this invention is fabricated from standardized reinforcing steel gradually - in the first stage the structural core and in the second stage the rest of the three-dimensional concrete reinforcing mat, the two stages being quantitatively and qualitatively different:
• first fabrication stage done in conditions of factory mass- production, by a method of automated electrical resistance welding or chemical glueing into a configuration according to this invention, are affixed together meandrically bent distribution bars with straight load-bearing bars into a structural mat-core, that is into a semiproduct of a three-dimensional concrete reinforcing mat.
• fabricated semiproduct i.e.
• the structural mat-core shaped into its longitudinal ribs formed by rows of equilateral trapezoids of its meandrically bent distribution bars, has guaranteed consistent geometrical parameters of its trapezoids and also the guaranteed required quality of all cross- welds and thus guaranteed its required load-bearing capacity.
• its structural core that is its semiproduct, on its structurally determined tensioned side
• its structural core is only manually complemented into a physically complete three-dimensional mat of required capacity, by tying on of straight distribution bars and of additional straight load-bearing bars, or instead of straight distribution bars by attaching of additional load-bearing reinforcement perpendicularly to the structural mat-core, thus making it load-bearing bi-directionally.
• the structural mat-core serves as the reinforcement of a multispan concrete slab, then during the second stage it is supplemented above slab's supports by inserting of a strip of a structural mat-core identical with the previous one.
• the illustrations 1 to 7 reflect the first fabrication stage, i.e. the factory mass-pro ⁇ luc1 ion of the structural core of the thrr>n-dimen- sional concrete reinforcing mats.
• the illustration Fig.1 - shows schematically and also In detail geometrically and structurally the .most advantageous eandrical form of distribution bars J_ in four basic types A, B_, and J3 of the semiproduct, that is of the structural core of the three-dimensional concrete reinforcing mat assembled into the configuration according to this invention, and it also shows schematically an equilateral trapezoid within the width of one rib R_ of the structural mat-core, marked by symbols of its variables.
• Fig.2 - in a cross-section of a rib _R is shown the configuration of distribution bars J_ and load-bearing bars 2_, together with the trigonometry of equilateral trapezoids of distribution bars ⁇ _ in all six structural types _, Q_, , D_, E_, F_ of the semiproduct, i.e. of the structural core of the three-dimensional reinforcing mat constructed according to this invention, and the Fig.2 also shows the points for attaching of non-load-bearing stiffening bars S_ ⁇ on slanted sides h ⁇ of trapezoids in the type E_, as well as points for attaching of stiffening bars 2 and S in the type £_.
• FIG.3-in connection with Fig.1 and Fig.2 schemati- cally shows the structurally and constructional ly important increase of "density" of ribs in the semiproduct, i.e. in the structural core of the three-dimensional concrete reinforcing mat made in accordance with this invention.
• the illustration Fig.5 shows the configuration of distribution bars 1 and load-bearing bars of the structural core of the three-dimensional concrete reinforcing mat, which is crucial to this invention.
• the illustration Fig.6 shows the configuration of distribution bars _1_ and load-bearing bars £ in a cross-section of the same structural mat- core, with all symbols of its variables marked accordingly.
• the illustration Fig.7 shows the economically advantageous way of stacking and transporting in bulk of structural cores of three-dimensional concrete reinforcing mats.
• Fig.8 to Fig.15 reflect the second fabrication stage, i.e. the manual physical completion of structural cores into complete three-dimensional concrete reinforcing mats, which is to be done strictly at their place of use.
• the illustration Fig.8 shows in a cross-section of a structural core the sequence of the core's completion into a structurally and physically complete three-dimensional mat by inserting and affixing of straight distribution bars £, and of additional load-bearing bars £ into their respective correct structural positions in the configuration of the structural core of the three-dimensional concrete reinforcing mat.
• the axonometrical view shows a semiproduct, i.e. a structural core of a three-dimensional concrete reinforcing mat when it has been already completed the way shown in the Fig.8.
• FIG.11 and Fig.12 is shown the correct way of longitudinal and transverse splicing of three-dimensional concrete reinforcing mats, which has to be carried out in compliance with Standards' requirements for splicing of other existing types of reinforcing material.
• the illustration Fig.13 shows the possibility and the way how to change the typical one-directional load-bearing capability of the semiproduct, i.e. of the structural core of a three-dimensional concrete reinforcing mat, into a bi-directional one, by attaching of perpendicularly across mat's load-bearing bars the required load-bearing crossbars -usually to the mat's structurally designated tensioned side, but sometimes even to the opposite side -the compressed one.
• FIG.14 and Fig.15 of cross-sections of concrete columns show yet another possible use of structural mat-cores -without straight distribution bars £ and without the additional load-bearing bars -by rolling of three or four ribs £ of a mat-core - along its load-bearing bars £ into the required polygonal shape.
• this structural core of the three-dimensional mat fabricated in bulk, i.e. mass-produced as a semiproduct, i.e. as a mat-core, con- sisting of two components, that is distribution bars J_ and of straight, mutually parallel load-bearing bars £ of the length equal to the required length of a particular mat, those distribution bars £ and load- bearing bars £ mutually fast-fixed together by cross-joint welds through an automated process of electric-resistance welding, which allows for cross-welding even of thin steel bars or wires, or by an automated glueing process using chemical adhesiv-is - use of which prevents fabrication, transport and/or use of structural mat-cores at atmospheric temperatures below 0°C scale.
• the distribution bars £ of the structural mat-core are throughout their length, which is equal to the width £ of the particular mat-core, cold-formed into a trapezoidal meander, with in its plane bent and formed equilateral trapezoids identical in size and shape throughout the particular structural mat-core, and each two adjacent trapezoids of the meandrically bent distribution bar £ will be mutually turned by an angle of 180° thus making them alternately opposing each other so, that their two adjacent slanted sides ⁇ are throughout their length common and identical.
• the four basic types of the structural core of the three-dimensional concrete reinforcing mat i.e. semiproduct made according to this invention, this types marked with capital letters £, £, £, £ and two modified types by letters £ and £ as shown on Fig.1, Fig.2 and Fig.3 are fabricated as a semiproduct, i.e. as a structural core of three- dimensional mats of the above types, in- the length proportion of vari- ables of their distribution bars £, as shown in following Tables 1 and 2:
• V. - fabrication width of the structural mat-core that is the length of distribution bars £ in their folded form, also the actual lenth of straight distribution bars £ L - fabrication length of the structural mat-core, also the length of load-bearing bars £ and of additional load-bearing bars £ s 1 ⁇ 2 S3 " non-load-bearing bars longitudinally stiffening the slanted sides ]£, of ribs £ of the structural mat-core of type £ or £, of the length identical to the length £ of the structural mat- core and their thickness t_ being equal to or thinner than ⁇ of the distribution bar £
• Longitudinal stiffening bars £., j ⁇ S 3 of the type £ and the type £ of the semiproduct, i.e. of the structural core of the three-dimensional mat shown on Fig.2E and on Fig.2F are at the factory during the first production stage of the structural mat-core's fabrication welded or glued onto 1 ,5 ⁇ z5S protruding humps/steps cold-formed into each slanted side h,, of trapezoids within the meander-plane of folded eandrical form of distribution bars £ with high trapezoids, i.e. with high ribs £ only, at their appropriate heights as shown in the Fig.2E and in Fig.2F.
• the second fabrication stage -the manual one -of structural cores of three-dimensional concrete reinforcing mats - according to the Claim 10- is shown in Fig.8 to the Fig.15 inclusive:
• totheside/ face of the structural mat-core structurally designated as the tensioned one are tied on regularly spaced straight distribution bars £ of the length equal to the width of that structural mat-core, and usually of the same number and of the same thickness as distribution bars £, and the total cross-sectional area £a_ of straight distribution bars £ and distribution bars £ should equal 10% or up to 15% of the total cross- sectional area of load-bearing reinforcing bars of the concrete construc- tion part being executed.
• All fabricated structural cores of three-dimensional concrete reinforcing mats made in accordance with this invention must be marked by their fabricator on attached to structural cores durable tags with the internationally recognizable distinguishing name mark "3D-mat" to be used in structural calculations, on drawings and on other documents, and with a capital letter-symbol of the structural mat-core's type, plus with the fabricator's structural cores' production catalog-number - this informations being the product's, that is the structural mat-cores' mandatory guarantee of quality and of its load-bearing capacity.
• All tie-wire connections of a three-dimensional concrete reinforcing mat constructed according to this invention must be done with the standardized black soft cold drawn tie-wire.
• the structural calculation of structural mat-cores, or on such structural cores based structurally and physically complete three-dimensional concrete reinforcing mats used without concrete as a load-bearing steel construction, can be done using the modified currently used for u- las for designing of use of load-bearing folded sheet-metal panels used in composite floors' construction.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
• Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=5467134

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (4)

Families Citing this family (3)

Citations (10)

• 1997
  • 1997-11-21 CZ CZ973705A patent/CZ285054B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1998
  • 1998-02-05 AU AU57472/98A patent/AU5747298A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-02-05 WO PCT/CZ1998/000004 patent/WO1999027210A1/en active Application Filing
  • 1998-02-05 CA CA002282676A patent/CA2282676C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-02-05 SK SK220-98U patent/SK2262U/sk unknown
  • 1998-11-20 DE DE29820737U patent/DE29820737U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (10)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events