CA2543405A1 - Anvick aperture device and method of forming and using same - Google Patents
Anvick aperture device and method of forming and using same Download PDFInfo
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- CA2543405A1 CA2543405A1 CA002543405A CA2543405A CA2543405A1 CA 2543405 A1 CA2543405 A1 CA 2543405A1 CA 002543405 A CA002543405 A CA 002543405A CA 2543405 A CA2543405 A CA 2543405A CA 2543405 A1 CA2543405 A1 CA 2543405A1
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- Prior art keywords
- reinforcement
- elements
- trusses
- truss
- aperture device
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
- E04C5/162—Connectors or means for connecting parts for reinforcements
- E04C5/163—Connectors or means for connecting parts for reinforcements the reinforcements running in one single direction
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
- E04C5/02—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of low bending resistance
- E04C5/04—Mats
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
- E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
- E04C5/0636—Three-dimensional reinforcing mats composed of reinforcing elements laying in two or more parallel planes and connected by separate reinforcing parts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
- E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
- E04C5/0636—Three-dimensional reinforcing mats composed of reinforcing elements laying in two or more parallel planes and connected by separate reinforcing parts
- E04C5/064—Three-dimensional reinforcing mats composed of reinforcing elements laying in two or more parallel planes and connected by separate reinforcing parts the reinforcing elements in each plane being formed by, or forming a, mat of longitunal and transverse bars
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
- E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
- E04C5/065—Light-weight girders, e.g. with precast parts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
- E04C5/162—Connectors or means for connecting parts for reinforcements
- E04C5/166—Connectors or means for connecting parts for reinforcements the reinforcements running in different directions
- E04C5/167—Connection by means of clips or other resilient elements
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
An aperture (11) formed by one or more elements of a truss (12) and utilized to form ductile connections with other reinforcement elements. Said aperture may be formed by the positioning, bending, weaving or sewing of one or more said elements. The trusses (12) may be disposed in parallel or intersecting planes and may be connected by the utilization of said apertures on site or fabricated offsite. They may be assembled into structures or into modular or custom panels with which structures may be built, and embedded in cementations (20). Insulation and other mechanical systems may be incorporated into said truss (12) and panel systems prior to embedment in cementations (20). The aperture-forming trusses (12) may also be used to incorporate prior art into structures with enhanced properties. The resulting interconnected systems of apertures (11), trusses (12), insulation and other systems generally are embedded in cementations (20) to produce structures with superior ductility of interconnections and enhanced composite behavior.
Description
Anvick Aperture Derric~ and Msthad c~f forming and using same Ct~t~se ~teferences tcx Retated Appticattons not ~t;~tcabt~
Bactcgrvund -- Field of faventiQn This invention ratates to the design of framewortc for fihe reinforcement of stru~.tur~s, including remfarcerrtr~r~t,f~r ~emer~tatyns~ mare ~ar~CCUiar,.
~~r invention relates to an a~aer~re reinforcement device that girds and cinc#ures ether reinforcerprent in order to enhance composite and duc~iie properties c~f reinforcement arrays.
t3auic~rt~und - D!a~criptian of Prior Ar!
t~.~, patent 6,22E,94~ to Bonin; Pete J. (g51Q8120g1~
U.S. patent 64.1885 to Record, ~t~7t1gI20~2~
U.~. patent 3879gt3ti to Weisman, Victor P, (04f291'i9~5~
U.S. patent 4~,226,g6? to Artier, Richard, F. (ig107li9ga?
U.S, patent 4,576,37 to Grutsch; George A. (U511411985~
U.S. patent 4,5~a,1~1 to BoisSiuche; Arsene C~. ~g712311985~
~.1 S patent 4,824.,089 to Danker (=r;eclrich 1lV. (11f2~119~) ~J.~. patent 4,s6a,341 tc~ Wc~lfix; Heal ~041~81198'~
U.S. patent 4,7~2,Ob~ to Hik~ixartt; t3dnaid B. (10J2711987) U.~. patent ~t,7'~t5,'l55 to Holtz; Neat ~12129f~t9~7) U.S. patent 4,99~,39~ to Bacna; Juan A. M. (~31121191) U.$. patent 5,058,35 to Martir~c; Manuei J. (ti"if2~1189~i~
U,~. patent 5.3g8,47t! to Bitter, et al. '~Q3f~1f1~95~
U.S, patent 5,44t1,84~r to Tadros; et al. (08f15f1~~~) U.S. patent ~,48t,248 tv Artzer; Richard F. (~~tf3flf'1996j U.~. patent B,i7~$,~85 to Glaek; Timothy L. (07f'i8f20t1~) IJ.~. .pent fi,2~7,2~7 to t~2~o~; .Richard .(~;S,P~DtJ1!') U.S. patent ~,272,~05 to Bitter; et al. ~t38f14f2f?~1) uWtt now current and previous truss and panes designs have promded valet instruction alternatives to more traditional configurations of building material.
However, they haue teen unfamiliar tn and have not been embraced by a construction industry well versed in prevalent wood, concrete masonry and steel building methods. Adoption of more stringent mandatory building code requirements with respect to seismic, wind, fire and energy conservakion has progressed over the years, land and labor costs have risen, and the cost of raw materials has increased. This tras caused the costs of the development of wood, ,. ~ _ steel frame, masonry block and poured in place concrete structures tea rise significantly. Rising maintenanc,~, and energy casts for fini5tieri Structures have also increased the costs of operation and ownership. The benefiets of truss and panel designs address all of these factors, and as a result. their price cor>lpetitiveness has beeceome apparent, reducing the resistance of the canstrerction and fabrication industries tc~ their use as mass production construction techniques. Both the construction industry and consumers will b~nef~t from the development of faster, stronger, more durable and energy efficient construcaian tecamiquc~s and structures employing them. Trusses and ~camrIte trexr of various kinds have been constructec! over~the gears with a u~tir~t~y of deli s~ ~nneatiansx me~l~~dpt crud. rr~ate~l~ m~: t~w~. k~~~n . ~ . w..n_ r " n .~! y ~ , ~, designed into space frames as the reinforcement matrix for structural panels with facings of cementatious material. In all such panels, the optimization of structural strength, ductifrty and consequent cxfmposite behavior is clearly desirable.
Some have featured a dispvsitian of elements attached so as. to form loops or apertrr~n~a of reinforcement. ouch apertures have served to elaborate the embedment of reinforcement in cementations in an attempt to enhance composite action. However, such panels have teen defir~ient in their d nctility>-that _ .
is,.~he-abilit~r to-updeago-changes-of-loan withe~t~t-bbreaidng-or felting-apart:
Building panels of various kinds have been developed over the years incorporating a variety of external facings, reinforcement, and intemai insulating materials. Prefabricated panels are factory made and shipped to a site for assembly Into Interior and exterior walls of a building. Some panels are also made directly at the building site. Such prior panels typically have a framework, commr~nl~r of wnnd nr metal studs acrd or wire, readymade with an insulatlva eore and sometimes incorporating ~tlectrioal wirings and plumbing. Prefabricated panels have means far attachment tc~ each ether along abutting edges and far attachment to roof trusses, rafters, Mooring and faurtdations. Panels have been constructed to withstand the various types of forces that buildings typically undergo such as compression farces from floor loads and roofs: Such panels have also been designed to provide insulation, weather-tight sealing, and to be cnrrne#ad t~ adjacent panels, roof syst~ams, and fo footers. T'he panels have typically been connected to roof trusses or rafters using conventronat brackets, which are nailed to the wooden rafters or trusses and to wooden headers.
The braatcets are designed to withstand the forces exerted by seismic events and the lifting forces exerted upon roof structures by wind. The structural systems of a building resist such forces welt to the degree that they enable the building to behave as a unit under stress rather than failing at points of attact-rment or across surfiaces, weakeryiy the StruG-ture and malting it susceptible to ~tastrophic failure. The degree of composite, or unitized, behavior of a str-~ct~r~re end Qf~ tEae elements used. to build it incr~.ases with inrreeased ductility ~f sti~tsturat~~inter~nno~tiorj. ~ .. ' .
~"he present invention is directed towards a means to c~nstruvt monolithic composite insulated str~.~ctures from elements that can comprise a panel system and that addresses composite. behavior and' ductility of structures. Said structure nr~t r~nly prurricf~ superior strength against cvmpresslon and tension forces longitudinally, and laterally, and transversely but also anchor, bracses, positions and strengthens structure! t~rus~es, in, a truss system. Walls, r~ofs.
ftc~ors, and r~~ions-sre~ether m su~r g manner as io r~vn~ ~ rea in~reai _ ._. _..._ .. _ . _ _ ..___ _ _. _. _. __ .___ ... ... _ __ ___.. ..___._ _._ _i~ .__.._. . _ . _ . _~._' . __ ___ ___ tension and cornpressic~n and shear strength and resistance to lifting and shaking forces:
Brief D~c~iptian of the t.~ravvinge Fig.1A is a curvilinear web element.
~'ig. 't8 shows a truss with apertures fom~ed between web vertices and dual attached cords.
Fig. 1~ show$ a truss with apertures formed between angled vertices and attached cards.
Fig. 1 a shows one pair of intersecting trusses 12b in an array to fom~ a panel assemblage.
Fig. 1 E shouts a Ivrtgiludi~iai cwx~ action of a plurality of trusses 12b Fig 1 ~ tn an array to form a panel assemblage fig 1 tl.
Fig. 1 Fand G show ductile right angle truss aperture interconnections (e.g.
wall and filoor~.
Fig. ZA shows truss aperture formation by weaving of the web element over the cord.
Fig. ~B shows lateral reinforcement tinctured by apertures formed by aitemating wed vertices.
Fig. 2C is a iateral cross section of a wrapped web tincturing both cord and lateral rein~forc,~n~ent.
Fig. 2t3 is a longitudinal cross section of a woven web aperture tincturing r~orrd$
and a lateral.
Fig. 3A is a view of an independent locatable cintturing device.
Fig. 3B is a view s of an independently locatable tincturing aperture device.
Ftg. 3~ shows retnfiorcaement clnctured at a right angel by the aperture shown in figures 3A and 38.
Fig. 3D~ sMaws Ginc~turing of a pnirYk IQaded dual wets, lateral reir~foncement, a c~tighteningr_and_a_longitudlnat -.cord.
Fig. 3E, 3F show differing views of an a~emate independent aperture device.
Fig. 31a, 3H show cro9ssing and lapping tinctured by an independent aperture device.
Flg. 3l,d,K show the form and use of another rndepende~nt aperture.
Fig. 3L shows a locatable aperture laterally restraining reinfarcement at a cord end vEHt2JC GitlCtur~.
Fig. 3M shows Mesh reinforcement cinttured between cords and laterat via truss aperture.
Fig. 4A shows an insulative panel core element grooved to position and dispose truss webs:
Fig. 413 shows a truss with curvilinear web integrated into grooves of an insutative t~dre elerTlent.
Fig. 5A shcmrs a foundation cane~tian, truss, care, and cementatiar~ de~ic~r~
aitemative.
Fig. 58. 5G show composite formats wit aitamative aperture and positioning device.
Fig. ~D is a truss core array with intersecting truss planes and aperture Bonn~ctivns.
Eig. 5E is a truss and Qore with parallel truss planes and aperture connections.
Reference Humerats 6a-!f Web ~c~rtic, vertices of indppc~ndPnHy Icxatable elements 7a-~ web 8a,b cord of truss or lateral reinfarrement ~cx-t~~ti~r~l~rc~ss-rei~aforira~ent-etertte~t--_ ..
'~ a~~rt~ire 12a, b truss ~t3a a Independently locatable tincturing apertur~r device 13a IQ~catabi~ CU dip dement 13c locatable W clip eEemerrk 13 f restrained sheeting element 43g, h Aitemate transverse IattiGe and locatable aperture 14 Positioning Groove ~5 msulatnre avre elernant 1B ire transverse face 17 Shoeting eloment 48 aperture footing reinfarcemerrt member 19 aperture truss footing reinforcement and longitudinal member spacing element 20 Cementations 2~a,b core restraining element Preferred ~mb~rdiment - Descripialon A preferred embodiment of the aperture 11 of the present invention is comprised of a con#inuous reinforcement element T shown in ~Fip 1A ) bent to a curvilinear waveform forming vertices ~ and comprising a web 7 of a truss 12 (Fig 1 B~
formed key aff~ring ono ar mare ohor~ls Bat, ~b to said web 7 a't ~
p~edet~r~rrtintd location sa~ch thiat each verte~c ~ eiEtends beyond ths~ attachn~ertt ~loivn of cords 8a, 8b forming an a~per~re of predetermined sire. An array of reinforcement comprised of a plurality of trusses 't 2 (Pig ~) are Integrated into a space frame shown in (Fib 1y of predetermined length, width, and thickness by the insertion and attachment of lateral reinforcement 8c,d of preric~t~rmir~d sire through aligned ap~trftrres 11 of spaced trusses.
truss 12 is disposed in spatial relationships with its neighbor by elements of an ... ._~~g~-~..~own~-n- Fig~~;ose g~oonsverse . . ..
central web area of trusses 11. Space frame (Fig 1 D~ is built up from Interspersed truss 9~ and Insulative core elements ~~. The predetermined dimensions of voce elements 15 disease and establish tnrss 12 spacing and truss '! 2 in turn po~itic~na rx~rP elements 15 in relation to space frame ( Fib 1 E
y reinforcement attachments to allow required embedment in the event cerrrnerdations (Z8~ are applied.
in another prefi~rred embodiment aperture 11 (Fig 1 c~ is formed in truss 12b by attachment of cords 8a,b to web T. iGorrds 8a, b are distinguished by being located on laterally opposite sides of web f without regard to their transverse relative position.}Vertices 6 of web 7 (Fig 9C~ are bent at equal but opposite angles on transversely opposite sides of web 7 (Pig 1 C~. As shown in A space ~$.
frame (Fig 1 D~ comprises a plurality of trusses 12b with each truss 1Zb rotated 180 degrees frartr ils r~eic~hburs around a transverse axis. Then each truss 12 In a given plurality is spaced, positioned and rotated equally and in opposite directions from its neighbors around a (on~Iitudinat axis so that the angled vertices 6 (Fig 1t7~ of neighboring trusses 12b lie flush with each other, sandwiched between two cards 8a,b. (Planes folded plate) Paired ap~etturesr 11 (Fig 1D) are then integrated laterally by the insertion of lateral reinforcement 8c,d through and attachment to aligned apertures 11 comprised of the bounding vertices T and ccards 12 of the space frame array (Ftg 1E1).
frame (Fig 1D~ is Shawn in lateral cross section in (Fig 1Ej presenting a folded piat~e trt~ss~ rtrcxctur~ comprised~of-lateral-.reinfo~emerit cxards go~
interconnecting and tinctured by apertures 11 formed by vertices Ba and longitudinal truss cords Via. Truss web elements 7 serve in both tongiEudinal and lateral true strucaurr~s intersecting, in space frame (Fig 1 D~, to form substantially quadrilateral-base~c!
pyramidal structures. Each pair of vertices ~a and tincturing apertures 11 form the apex, or summit vertex, of a pyramidal structure and also one comer of the square base of a neighboring inverted pyramidal form A transverse cross section -sh~w~r~in-i~.-~~~~revealse-r~lt~hg~-~c~liirlat~~s=rueft~_re~a~cpa...
fame ~ig~j thus proviiies three dimerisi~nal struatura( action. lri-tk~is preferreid embodiment appropriately shaped ar9d c~rcmved c:cxe elements may also used to dispose, position, and assemble space frarrres (Fig 1 D~ from trusses 12b and lateral reinforcement ~c, 8d farming modular panelized insulative core and reinforcement components for embedment in cementations.
Perpendicular ductile truss conneation3 i3 in which apartcrrrss 1i (i='igs 1C~
and 1 Hj formed by two connected web elements of a truss are overlapped in the area of truss interinterconnectian such that lateral reinforcement 8c, 8d passes through aperricrrea of both trusses at interconnection points 13a and 138.
Apertures 11 Fig 2A are formed by the weaving and attachment of web ?b, ?a elements around dual cords 8b, 8a to form vertices 6b, Bc each of which wraps one cord 8a, 8b to form tincturing vertex 11.
truss 12 Fig 2B) is corrflgured with vertices 6d, 8e attemating from side fa side of a single cord 8 forming tincturing apert~rries 11 girdling lateral reinforcement 8c, d.
Apertt~r~es 11 are formed by the bending, weaving, sewing, or tying of web 7.
~Pip~t 2D and 2E] is a longitudinal r:rc~ss section view ref two truss cards 8a, 8h and perpendicular lateral reinforcement 8c, d girdles and tinctured by aperture 1'1 formed by continuous web T.
lateral cross section view of another aperture 'l 1 fomlatton on a similar prlnclple of bending, weaving, sewing, or tying of web 7 to girdle and cincture taterat and langit~rdinal girds g and transverse reinforcement 8~, d. Three vertices Vii, j, k an,t~.~,,a.~"~..,l,i. f~~~._~F,y yE)~ . . .. .
~Ipertures 11 formed by independently locatable tincturing aperture reinforcement elements 13 (cincture ~i 8) csf prczdet~rmined dimensions(Figs and 3B). .
application of locatable cincture 13b tincturing two reinforcement elements.
Cincture iSb Saddles one reinforcement element ~, and the second is then communicated through the girding apertures formed between the saddled reinforcement 8 and the vertices 6g or Gtr of cincture 13~r left unoccupied by the -seddi~~irsd~un~~i~~3~-stn -ap Eton .._df. -foible ~n~i~ T3Fa to web 7; cord g, and ta~terat reinforcement 8c, d, 8e (via 3D~.
views of locafabte cincture 13c applicable as described far cincture 13b by saddling and insertion of reinforcement (I=ig 3E and 3P).
tincture 13d used ror kroth crvs3ing and lapping reinfvrcr~ment(Flga 3r"a and 3ti).
of locatable tincturing devices~Figs 3t through 3Ly.
Preferred Embodiment -. Cl~ration The manner of using the aperture device 11 is adaptable to structural requirements of any given form or disposition and can be erected as follows:
parrots can be fs~bricoted and orcctcd as framoworfc reinfrarcement at site as follows:
a preferred embodiment an element of said core 15 panels are placed on a horizontal surtace with an edge ~$ facing upward which has been grooved 14 to fit and posiflon a truss 12. In this example, two opposite edges 1fi of core panel 15 element are grooved 14. An adhesive is applied, to said edge 1fi and an element of an r4nvfck aperture (11~ ~composit~e truss 12a z configuration is fisted within the preformed grooves 14 which accept half of the girth of the wPhhinp plernent 7 and position said.element with respect to said core panel95.
A corresponding grooved core pane(~5 element is fitted on top of the first element and completes the embedment of the first truss 12 configuration. The positioning is such that there is sufficient clearance between the truss h2 and reinforcement attachment points 8a,b,c,d for required embedment in cetnentatir~na ~8, This pr~ces~ i$ r~peat~ed, the core panel elements ~1~
aligned flur~~h ,with ~sich. ~sther ar~dwsfitlanin~.,th~, toss ~1~! array;
urYtih.~~~~e~iredwpanel width is assembled. Clnce said adhesive has set the panel can be set in place an an arrangement of reinfnrr~mPnt ~rotrrrding at predetermined spatial relation from a previously formed foundation structure 18. Independently locatable aperture cincturing devices l3a,z attach the foundation reinforcement 98 to either the lateral $G,d or longitudinal $a,b reinforcement elements when the aperture connecting, lateral reinforcement 8c,d are inserted through the apertures 11. Welded v~ire fabric i8 can be installed, if called for, prior to the -~d~~r~~-~eid=l~te~~ reir~fr~r~t~rttd~ wi~ic-_h=~henaserves~=t~~i~st~r~=~f;-said-_.
#'abnc w~trert i~s~ta-Iced ov~i" 1t: ~y~te~ coiripo~n ~s ~tterri-a~vely tY~ay tie fakFri~~at~d off site.
In another preferred embodiment each truss 1~b in a given plurality is spaced, aligrmd, and tf~en rotated in an opposite direction from adjacent trusses ~t2b so that they intersect at their con~sponding apertures 11. Said apertures 11 of said adjacent trusses 12 are bent at an angle to the web 7 so that they lie flush with one another. Cords 8a and 8b of said trusses 12 sandwich the attached, paired, flush positioned vertices Ba farming paired apertures 11.
Reinforcement 8c,ri is then inserted and communicated thrayh and pirdecl within said apertures 11 to complete an embodiments basic array. The resulting array is a folded plate structure with multidirectional truss 12 behavior. Said curvilinear and ur wave fvrrn webbing T effect provides for a real three dimensional structural action once connecting reinforcement 8,c,d ,and 1$, and cementations 20 are installed.
In this preferred embodiment a truss 12b structure is elaborated by assembling said trusses 12 edge to edge in planes which intersect at longitudinal lines of vertices fa which alternate from side to side of the resulting three dimensional Space frame, along a transversr3 axis perpendicular to a longitudinal axis-This transverse axis in crass section consequently resembles a longitudinal cross section, consisting of alternating substantially equilateral triangles, neighboring tr iarrgles inxerted, between parallel tines, bases of said triangular cross secttan composed of cards 8c,d which pass through tincturing vertices ~a along the int~rse~ittg. planes of iQngitudinal trusses ~i~.1E'~ctices. .in this emfaodimec~t are .,._...
t T ~ad,.._ ah ... .f _._ L. : , ~., ...h ~-ta ~IItti~rri t~~ lie: flush-~rtt~ mach"other °t kseg atvh gt~ d ~ a cad ~ . ~ , be sandwiched between the double cords of a longitudinal truss, and to protrude bey~and said cords sufficiently to allow a connecting transver.~ rc~rds'>3c,d to be threaded through the tincturing girdle farmed between said dual cards and protruding vertex. 11 Said cords 12 farm alternating lines from side to side of a sv comprised space trarnrr aivrx~ said space frames longitudinal axis at the alternating vertices Ba of the continuous web T element initially described.
Alternating intersecting planes of trusses 12 in both longitudinal and transverse ~~=_~,nseqi~ecrt~pad~-frarrforrtrsubstar~#i~ffy=~u~~=b~tpyr~~i~al-.
sfrucfu~es= ~Ea-fir, c~~~verfeX~a of a r~ame~is-one tamer ~of-t~ ~quafe G~ase of one ar mare said structures, depending upon location at an edge, c-.nm,P::r, or irr the field of a panel of this configuration of space frame, as well as summit vertex Ba of an inverted neighboring one, the alternate square bases farming a substantially planar opposite surtac~ lattir~ of a space frame.
Other Embrxliments Independent aperl;ure - Description A continuous loop of reinforcement bent, woven, folded, tied, sewn, twisted or c~the~'wise fiormed to conform to reinforcement in the array to provide means for tt~e aperture ref at least two elenrenls ul' tire reirrfvr~ment array.
Independent apertu~ -- Opartation independently locatable apertures can be shaped in a variety of shapes. When placed onto the array locatable apertures require Eross reintarcement to by communicated into and held disposed within said aperture to effect installation of said ~rperture.
Daubtc webbed Trus~ear - t'taarcrtptian Trusses witty apertures that contain at feast one card and at tease two web eie~e~n#s ne~tlt~ ~u~tedapp~sed tc~ ørie ari~th~~ tip ~~it'ti~i; vvlt~i't vi~ati in tt transverses elevation, opposing vertices across the transverse axis.
bauble ~rebbed Trua~ses -- aparat~n A,tt aperturo trusses oporata in a similar fashion and moth~dotdgy. each havins distinct differences in an engineered analysis.
Foundation-orgrade-t~rn-reinforcsment -Driptt6n Trusses so equipped with aperture devises are positioned to space, align, and support reinforcement extending through and beiv~reen fioundation t~errtentatians and connecting structures. Use of trusses with apertures aligns such reinforcement to coincide with reirtfiarcement of the supported reirtforcetxient array. similarly $uch use is appropriate and desirable for bond beam oonstnrction.
~oundatian or grade team rviaf~rcernont - OperaEian Trusses are rotated ~I degrees to one another so as the transverse face ofi foundation reinfareement trusses and bond beam trusses transuerse face fads .. t3 _.
one another sandwiching a piurafrty of trusses so equipped and tincturing at least one d'i' each trusses longitudinal cords ~ in tt~e case of a tend bearrr) and or faundationtcvnnecting reinforcement in the case of use in foundation.
ulna Cord Truss ~ I~agcrlpit~atr ~n asymmetrical truss with vertices bent in such a rnann~er that said vertices grab or gird reinforcement such as the cord of an other truss when crass reinfort~mreM is disposed within said ~s apertures tc~ provide means for additional lateral ar tongitudinat r~einfiorc,~emant and load resisting capacity.
tine Corx! Trua~s -- t~peration This device i~ used ~~t openings. in anra~rs by atkaching the un-carded and bent vertices to longitudinal or lateral cords in an array and cinc~turin~ said ane cord tr~rss to said array with cross reinforcement.
Gartciusiana, Rarnificationa, and StopEe Acoor~clingly, it can be seen that Accorciingty, the Anvick composite a~ert~tr~ar connection of this invention can be used in structural cernentations and other hybrid material structures The wails can be pre assembled, or pre=fiarmed, offsite aGCOrding to the rectuired size dimensions and then transported to the job site.
Rapid instiiiatian Can be made ftom 100, recycled materials Reduce demand on energy Structurally mere ef~aiont I~ateriais and labor force readily avaitable word wide AJteets extreme climactic environments! and climatic challenges riliore durable structures Alttivugt~ the riesc:riptiarr atxwe cxmtains many specificities, these shvuki not b~
t~rtstrued as limiting the scope of the invention but as merety providing ilicastrations of some of the presen~y~ preferred embcydiments of this invention.
'carious other embodiments and ramifications are possible ~rithin it's scope.
For example, a continuous element can be formed into an entire pa~net arratt tanning transverse, lateral, and longitudinal elements from one cantirruous element, Simple #russes of conventlonat re bar can be permitted b~ butidtng onicials v~itl~out° need ft~r testing. Eiet~tenfs'of.diffianri~ configurations can be intecrrtixed thrr~uphout an e~tr. knd. many ather.p~citen~~t co~r~f'tpuration~ can he m~ci~.
,... . . . . .;;:, :. . :: ... . ..~=, ~,- .~. ,. ;. , .;~
"bus the scope of the invention should be detemnin~d b~ the appentted claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by the exampi~es given.
Bactcgrvund -- Field of faventiQn This invention ratates to the design of framewortc for fihe reinforcement of stru~.tur~s, including remfarcerrtr~r~t,f~r ~emer~tatyns~ mare ~ar~CCUiar,.
~~r invention relates to an a~aer~re reinforcement device that girds and cinc#ures ether reinforcerprent in order to enhance composite and duc~iie properties c~f reinforcement arrays.
t3auic~rt~und - D!a~criptian of Prior Ar!
t~.~, patent 6,22E,94~ to Bonin; Pete J. (g51Q8120g1~
U.S. patent 64.1885 to Record, ~t~7t1gI20~2~
U.~. patent 3879gt3ti to Weisman, Victor P, (04f291'i9~5~
U.S. patent 4~,226,g6? to Artier, Richard, F. (ig107li9ga?
U.S, patent 4,576,37 to Grutsch; George A. (U511411985~
U.S. patent 4,5~a,1~1 to BoisSiuche; Arsene C~. ~g712311985~
~.1 S patent 4,824.,089 to Danker (=r;eclrich 1lV. (11f2~119~) ~J.~. patent 4,s6a,341 tc~ Wc~lfix; Heal ~041~81198'~
U.S. patent 4,7~2,Ob~ to Hik~ixartt; t3dnaid B. (10J2711987) U.~. patent ~t,7'~t5,'l55 to Holtz; Neat ~12129f~t9~7) U.S. patent 4,99~,39~ to Bacna; Juan A. M. (~31121191) U.$. patent 5,058,35 to Martir~c; Manuei J. (ti"if2~1189~i~
U,~. patent 5.3g8,47t! to Bitter, et al. '~Q3f~1f1~95~
U.S, patent 5,44t1,84~r to Tadros; et al. (08f15f1~~~) U.S. patent ~,48t,248 tv Artzer; Richard F. (~~tf3flf'1996j U.~. patent B,i7~$,~85 to Glaek; Timothy L. (07f'i8f20t1~) IJ.~. .pent fi,2~7,2~7 to t~2~o~; .Richard .(~;S,P~DtJ1!') U.S. patent ~,272,~05 to Bitter; et al. ~t38f14f2f?~1) uWtt now current and previous truss and panes designs have promded valet instruction alternatives to more traditional configurations of building material.
However, they haue teen unfamiliar tn and have not been embraced by a construction industry well versed in prevalent wood, concrete masonry and steel building methods. Adoption of more stringent mandatory building code requirements with respect to seismic, wind, fire and energy conservakion has progressed over the years, land and labor costs have risen, and the cost of raw materials has increased. This tras caused the costs of the development of wood, ,. ~ _ steel frame, masonry block and poured in place concrete structures tea rise significantly. Rising maintenanc,~, and energy casts for fini5tieri Structures have also increased the costs of operation and ownership. The benefiets of truss and panel designs address all of these factors, and as a result. their price cor>lpetitiveness has beeceome apparent, reducing the resistance of the canstrerction and fabrication industries tc~ their use as mass production construction techniques. Both the construction industry and consumers will b~nef~t from the development of faster, stronger, more durable and energy efficient construcaian tecamiquc~s and structures employing them. Trusses and ~camrIte trexr of various kinds have been constructec! over~the gears with a u~tir~t~y of deli s~ ~nneatiansx me~l~~dpt crud. rr~ate~l~ m~: t~w~. k~~~n . ~ . w..n_ r " n .~! y ~ , ~, designed into space frames as the reinforcement matrix for structural panels with facings of cementatious material. In all such panels, the optimization of structural strength, ductifrty and consequent cxfmposite behavior is clearly desirable.
Some have featured a dispvsitian of elements attached so as. to form loops or apertrr~n~a of reinforcement. ouch apertures have served to elaborate the embedment of reinforcement in cementations in an attempt to enhance composite action. However, such panels have teen defir~ient in their d nctility>-that _ .
is,.~he-abilit~r to-updeago-changes-of-loan withe~t~t-bbreaidng-or felting-apart:
Building panels of various kinds have been developed over the years incorporating a variety of external facings, reinforcement, and intemai insulating materials. Prefabricated panels are factory made and shipped to a site for assembly Into Interior and exterior walls of a building. Some panels are also made directly at the building site. Such prior panels typically have a framework, commr~nl~r of wnnd nr metal studs acrd or wire, readymade with an insulatlva eore and sometimes incorporating ~tlectrioal wirings and plumbing. Prefabricated panels have means far attachment tc~ each ether along abutting edges and far attachment to roof trusses, rafters, Mooring and faurtdations. Panels have been constructed to withstand the various types of forces that buildings typically undergo such as compression farces from floor loads and roofs: Such panels have also been designed to provide insulation, weather-tight sealing, and to be cnrrne#ad t~ adjacent panels, roof syst~ams, and fo footers. T'he panels have typically been connected to roof trusses or rafters using conventronat brackets, which are nailed to the wooden rafters or trusses and to wooden headers.
The braatcets are designed to withstand the forces exerted by seismic events and the lifting forces exerted upon roof structures by wind. The structural systems of a building resist such forces welt to the degree that they enable the building to behave as a unit under stress rather than failing at points of attact-rment or across surfiaces, weakeryiy the StruG-ture and malting it susceptible to ~tastrophic failure. The degree of composite, or unitized, behavior of a str-~ct~r~re end Qf~ tEae elements used. to build it incr~.ases with inrreeased ductility ~f sti~tsturat~~inter~nno~tiorj. ~ .. ' .
~"he present invention is directed towards a means to c~nstruvt monolithic composite insulated str~.~ctures from elements that can comprise a panel system and that addresses composite. behavior and' ductility of structures. Said structure nr~t r~nly prurricf~ superior strength against cvmpresslon and tension forces longitudinally, and laterally, and transversely but also anchor, bracses, positions and strengthens structure! t~rus~es, in, a truss system. Walls, r~ofs.
ftc~ors, and r~~ions-sre~ether m su~r g manner as io r~vn~ ~ rea in~reai _ ._. _..._ .. _ . _ _ ..___ _ _. _. _. __ .___ ... ... _ __ ___.. ..___._ _._ _i~ .__.._. . _ . _ . _~._' . __ ___ ___ tension and cornpressic~n and shear strength and resistance to lifting and shaking forces:
Brief D~c~iptian of the t.~ravvinge Fig.1A is a curvilinear web element.
~'ig. 't8 shows a truss with apertures fom~ed between web vertices and dual attached cords.
Fig. 1~ show$ a truss with apertures formed between angled vertices and attached cards.
Fig. 1 a shows one pair of intersecting trusses 12b in an array to fom~ a panel assemblage.
Fig. 1 E shouts a Ivrtgiludi~iai cwx~ action of a plurality of trusses 12b Fig 1 ~ tn an array to form a panel assemblage fig 1 tl.
Fig. 1 Fand G show ductile right angle truss aperture interconnections (e.g.
wall and filoor~.
Fig. ZA shows truss aperture formation by weaving of the web element over the cord.
Fig. ~B shows lateral reinforcement tinctured by apertures formed by aitemating wed vertices.
Fig. 2C is a iateral cross section of a wrapped web tincturing both cord and lateral rein~forc,~n~ent.
Fig. 2t3 is a longitudinal cross section of a woven web aperture tincturing r~orrd$
and a lateral.
Fig. 3A is a view of an independent locatable cintturing device.
Fig. 3B is a view s of an independently locatable tincturing aperture device.
Ftg. 3~ shows retnfiorcaement clnctured at a right angel by the aperture shown in figures 3A and 38.
Fig. 3D~ sMaws Ginc~turing of a pnirYk IQaded dual wets, lateral reir~foncement, a c~tighteningr_and_a_longitudlnat -.cord.
Fig. 3E, 3F show differing views of an a~emate independent aperture device.
Fig. 31a, 3H show cro9ssing and lapping tinctured by an independent aperture device.
Flg. 3l,d,K show the form and use of another rndepende~nt aperture.
Fig. 3L shows a locatable aperture laterally restraining reinfarcement at a cord end vEHt2JC GitlCtur~.
Fig. 3M shows Mesh reinforcement cinttured between cords and laterat via truss aperture.
Fig. 4A shows an insulative panel core element grooved to position and dispose truss webs:
Fig. 413 shows a truss with curvilinear web integrated into grooves of an insutative t~dre elerTlent.
Fig. 5A shcmrs a foundation cane~tian, truss, care, and cementatiar~ de~ic~r~
aitemative.
Fig. 58. 5G show composite formats wit aitamative aperture and positioning device.
Fig. ~D is a truss core array with intersecting truss planes and aperture Bonn~ctivns.
Eig. 5E is a truss and Qore with parallel truss planes and aperture connections.
Reference Humerats 6a-!f Web ~c~rtic, vertices of indppc~ndPnHy Icxatable elements 7a-~ web 8a,b cord of truss or lateral reinfarrement ~cx-t~~ti~r~l~rc~ss-rei~aforira~ent-etertte~t--_ ..
'~ a~~rt~ire 12a, b truss ~t3a a Independently locatable tincturing apertur~r device 13a IQ~catabi~ CU dip dement 13c locatable W clip eEemerrk 13 f restrained sheeting element 43g, h Aitemate transverse IattiGe and locatable aperture 14 Positioning Groove ~5 msulatnre avre elernant 1B ire transverse face 17 Shoeting eloment 48 aperture footing reinfarcemerrt member 19 aperture truss footing reinforcement and longitudinal member spacing element 20 Cementations 2~a,b core restraining element Preferred ~mb~rdiment - Descripialon A preferred embodiment of the aperture 11 of the present invention is comprised of a con#inuous reinforcement element T shown in ~Fip 1A ) bent to a curvilinear waveform forming vertices ~ and comprising a web 7 of a truss 12 (Fig 1 B~
formed key aff~ring ono ar mare ohor~ls Bat, ~b to said web 7 a't ~
p~edet~r~rrtintd location sa~ch thiat each verte~c ~ eiEtends beyond ths~ attachn~ertt ~loivn of cords 8a, 8b forming an a~per~re of predetermined sire. An array of reinforcement comprised of a plurality of trusses 't 2 (Pig ~) are Integrated into a space frame shown in (Fib 1y of predetermined length, width, and thickness by the insertion and attachment of lateral reinforcement 8c,d of preric~t~rmir~d sire through aligned ap~trftrres 11 of spaced trusses.
truss 12 is disposed in spatial relationships with its neighbor by elements of an ... ._~~g~-~..~own~-n- Fig~~;ose g~oonsverse . . ..
central web area of trusses 11. Space frame (Fig 1 D~ is built up from Interspersed truss 9~ and Insulative core elements ~~. The predetermined dimensions of voce elements 15 disease and establish tnrss 12 spacing and truss '! 2 in turn po~itic~na rx~rP elements 15 in relation to space frame ( Fib 1 E
y reinforcement attachments to allow required embedment in the event cerrrnerdations (Z8~ are applied.
in another prefi~rred embodiment aperture 11 (Fig 1 c~ is formed in truss 12b by attachment of cords 8a,b to web T. iGorrds 8a, b are distinguished by being located on laterally opposite sides of web f without regard to their transverse relative position.}Vertices 6 of web 7 (Fig 9C~ are bent at equal but opposite angles on transversely opposite sides of web 7 (Pig 1 C~. As shown in A space ~$.
frame (Fig 1 D~ comprises a plurality of trusses 12b with each truss 1Zb rotated 180 degrees frartr ils r~eic~hburs around a transverse axis. Then each truss 12 In a given plurality is spaced, positioned and rotated equally and in opposite directions from its neighbors around a (on~Iitudinat axis so that the angled vertices 6 (Fig 1t7~ of neighboring trusses 12b lie flush with each other, sandwiched between two cards 8a,b. (Planes folded plate) Paired ap~etturesr 11 (Fig 1D) are then integrated laterally by the insertion of lateral reinforcement 8c,d through and attachment to aligned apertures 11 comprised of the bounding vertices T and ccards 12 of the space frame array (Ftg 1E1).
frame (Fig 1D~ is Shawn in lateral cross section in (Fig 1Ej presenting a folded piat~e trt~ss~ rtrcxctur~ comprised~of-lateral-.reinfo~emerit cxards go~
interconnecting and tinctured by apertures 11 formed by vertices Ba and longitudinal truss cords Via. Truss web elements 7 serve in both tongiEudinal and lateral true strucaurr~s intersecting, in space frame (Fig 1 D~, to form substantially quadrilateral-base~c!
pyramidal structures. Each pair of vertices ~a and tincturing apertures 11 form the apex, or summit vertex, of a pyramidal structure and also one comer of the square base of a neighboring inverted pyramidal form A transverse cross section -sh~w~r~in-i~.-~~~~revealse-r~lt~hg~-~c~liirlat~~s=rueft~_re~a~cpa...
fame ~ig~j thus proviiies three dimerisi~nal struatura( action. lri-tk~is preferreid embodiment appropriately shaped ar9d c~rcmved c:cxe elements may also used to dispose, position, and assemble space frarrres (Fig 1 D~ from trusses 12b and lateral reinforcement ~c, 8d farming modular panelized insulative core and reinforcement components for embedment in cementations.
Perpendicular ductile truss conneation3 i3 in which apartcrrrss 1i (i='igs 1C~
and 1 Hj formed by two connected web elements of a truss are overlapped in the area of truss interinterconnectian such that lateral reinforcement 8c, 8d passes through aperricrrea of both trusses at interconnection points 13a and 138.
Apertures 11 Fig 2A are formed by the weaving and attachment of web ?b, ?a elements around dual cords 8b, 8a to form vertices 6b, Bc each of which wraps one cord 8a, 8b to form tincturing vertex 11.
truss 12 Fig 2B) is corrflgured with vertices 6d, 8e attemating from side fa side of a single cord 8 forming tincturing apert~rries 11 girdling lateral reinforcement 8c, d.
Apertt~r~es 11 are formed by the bending, weaving, sewing, or tying of web 7.
~Pip~t 2D and 2E] is a longitudinal r:rc~ss section view ref two truss cards 8a, 8h and perpendicular lateral reinforcement 8c, d girdles and tinctured by aperture 1'1 formed by continuous web T.
lateral cross section view of another aperture 'l 1 fomlatton on a similar prlnclple of bending, weaving, sewing, or tying of web 7 to girdle and cincture taterat and langit~rdinal girds g and transverse reinforcement 8~, d. Three vertices Vii, j, k an,t~.~,,a.~"~..,l,i. f~~~._~F,y yE)~ . . .. .
~Ipertures 11 formed by independently locatable tincturing aperture reinforcement elements 13 (cincture ~i 8) csf prczdet~rmined dimensions(Figs and 3B). .
application of locatable cincture 13b tincturing two reinforcement elements.
Cincture iSb Saddles one reinforcement element ~, and the second is then communicated through the girding apertures formed between the saddled reinforcement 8 and the vertices 6g or Gtr of cincture 13~r left unoccupied by the -seddi~~irsd~un~~i~~3~-stn -ap Eton .._df. -foible ~n~i~ T3Fa to web 7; cord g, and ta~terat reinforcement 8c, d, 8e (via 3D~.
views of locafabte cincture 13c applicable as described far cincture 13b by saddling and insertion of reinforcement (I=ig 3E and 3P).
tincture 13d used ror kroth crvs3ing and lapping reinfvrcr~ment(Flga 3r"a and 3ti).
of locatable tincturing devices~Figs 3t through 3Ly.
Preferred Embodiment -. Cl~ration The manner of using the aperture device 11 is adaptable to structural requirements of any given form or disposition and can be erected as follows:
parrots can be fs~bricoted and orcctcd as framoworfc reinfrarcement at site as follows:
a preferred embodiment an element of said core 15 panels are placed on a horizontal surtace with an edge ~$ facing upward which has been grooved 14 to fit and posiflon a truss 12. In this example, two opposite edges 1fi of core panel 15 element are grooved 14. An adhesive is applied, to said edge 1fi and an element of an r4nvfck aperture (11~ ~composit~e truss 12a z configuration is fisted within the preformed grooves 14 which accept half of the girth of the wPhhinp plernent 7 and position said.element with respect to said core panel95.
A corresponding grooved core pane(~5 element is fitted on top of the first element and completes the embedment of the first truss 12 configuration. The positioning is such that there is sufficient clearance between the truss h2 and reinforcement attachment points 8a,b,c,d for required embedment in cetnentatir~na ~8, This pr~ces~ i$ r~peat~ed, the core panel elements ~1~
aligned flur~~h ,with ~sich. ~sther ar~dwsfitlanin~.,th~, toss ~1~! array;
urYtih.~~~~e~iredwpanel width is assembled. Clnce said adhesive has set the panel can be set in place an an arrangement of reinfnrr~mPnt ~rotrrrding at predetermined spatial relation from a previously formed foundation structure 18. Independently locatable aperture cincturing devices l3a,z attach the foundation reinforcement 98 to either the lateral $G,d or longitudinal $a,b reinforcement elements when the aperture connecting, lateral reinforcement 8c,d are inserted through the apertures 11. Welded v~ire fabric i8 can be installed, if called for, prior to the -~d~~r~~-~eid=l~te~~ reir~fr~r~t~rttd~ wi~ic-_h=~henaserves~=t~~i~st~r~=~f;-said-_.
#'abnc w~trert i~s~ta-Iced ov~i" 1t: ~y~te~ coiripo~n ~s ~tterri-a~vely tY~ay tie fakFri~~at~d off site.
In another preferred embodiment each truss 1~b in a given plurality is spaced, aligrmd, and tf~en rotated in an opposite direction from adjacent trusses ~t2b so that they intersect at their con~sponding apertures 11. Said apertures 11 of said adjacent trusses 12 are bent at an angle to the web 7 so that they lie flush with one another. Cords 8a and 8b of said trusses 12 sandwich the attached, paired, flush positioned vertices Ba farming paired apertures 11.
Reinforcement 8c,ri is then inserted and communicated thrayh and pirdecl within said apertures 11 to complete an embodiments basic array. The resulting array is a folded plate structure with multidirectional truss 12 behavior. Said curvilinear and ur wave fvrrn webbing T effect provides for a real three dimensional structural action once connecting reinforcement 8,c,d ,and 1$, and cementations 20 are installed.
In this preferred embodiment a truss 12b structure is elaborated by assembling said trusses 12 edge to edge in planes which intersect at longitudinal lines of vertices fa which alternate from side to side of the resulting three dimensional Space frame, along a transversr3 axis perpendicular to a longitudinal axis-This transverse axis in crass section consequently resembles a longitudinal cross section, consisting of alternating substantially equilateral triangles, neighboring tr iarrgles inxerted, between parallel tines, bases of said triangular cross secttan composed of cards 8c,d which pass through tincturing vertices ~a along the int~rse~ittg. planes of iQngitudinal trusses ~i~.1E'~ctices. .in this emfaodimec~t are .,._...
t T ~ad,.._ ah ... .f _._ L. : , ~., ...h ~-ta ~IItti~rri t~~ lie: flush-~rtt~ mach"other °t kseg atvh gt~ d ~ a cad ~ . ~ , be sandwiched between the double cords of a longitudinal truss, and to protrude bey~and said cords sufficiently to allow a connecting transver.~ rc~rds'>3c,d to be threaded through the tincturing girdle farmed between said dual cards and protruding vertex. 11 Said cords 12 farm alternating lines from side to side of a sv comprised space trarnrr aivrx~ said space frames longitudinal axis at the alternating vertices Ba of the continuous web T element initially described.
Alternating intersecting planes of trusses 12 in both longitudinal and transverse ~~=_~,nseqi~ecrt~pad~-frarrforrtrsubstar~#i~ffy=~u~~=b~tpyr~~i~al-.
sfrucfu~es= ~Ea-fir, c~~~verfeX~a of a r~ame~is-one tamer ~of-t~ ~quafe G~ase of one ar mare said structures, depending upon location at an edge, c-.nm,P::r, or irr the field of a panel of this configuration of space frame, as well as summit vertex Ba of an inverted neighboring one, the alternate square bases farming a substantially planar opposite surtac~ lattir~ of a space frame.
Other Embrxliments Independent aperl;ure - Description A continuous loop of reinforcement bent, woven, folded, tied, sewn, twisted or c~the~'wise fiormed to conform to reinforcement in the array to provide means for tt~e aperture ref at least two elenrenls ul' tire reirrfvr~ment array.
Independent apertu~ -- Opartation independently locatable apertures can be shaped in a variety of shapes. When placed onto the array locatable apertures require Eross reintarcement to by communicated into and held disposed within said aperture to effect installation of said ~rperture.
Daubtc webbed Trus~ear - t'taarcrtptian Trusses witty apertures that contain at feast one card and at tease two web eie~e~n#s ne~tlt~ ~u~tedapp~sed tc~ ørie ari~th~~ tip ~~it'ti~i; vvlt~i't vi~ati in tt transverses elevation, opposing vertices across the transverse axis.
bauble ~rebbed Trua~ses -- aparat~n A,tt aperturo trusses oporata in a similar fashion and moth~dotdgy. each havins distinct differences in an engineered analysis.
Foundation-orgrade-t~rn-reinforcsment -Driptt6n Trusses so equipped with aperture devises are positioned to space, align, and support reinforcement extending through and beiv~reen fioundation t~errtentatians and connecting structures. Use of trusses with apertures aligns such reinforcement to coincide with reirtfiarcement of the supported reirtforcetxient array. similarly $uch use is appropriate and desirable for bond beam oonstnrction.
~oundatian or grade team rviaf~rcernont - OperaEian Trusses are rotated ~I degrees to one another so as the transverse face ofi foundation reinfareement trusses and bond beam trusses transuerse face fads .. t3 _.
one another sandwiching a piurafrty of trusses so equipped and tincturing at least one d'i' each trusses longitudinal cords ~ in tt~e case of a tend bearrr) and or faundationtcvnnecting reinforcement in the case of use in foundation.
ulna Cord Truss ~ I~agcrlpit~atr ~n asymmetrical truss with vertices bent in such a rnann~er that said vertices grab or gird reinforcement such as the cord of an other truss when crass reinfort~mreM is disposed within said ~s apertures tc~ provide means for additional lateral ar tongitudinat r~einfiorc,~emant and load resisting capacity.
tine Corx! Trua~s -- t~peration This device i~ used ~~t openings. in anra~rs by atkaching the un-carded and bent vertices to longitudinal or lateral cords in an array and cinc~turin~ said ane cord tr~rss to said array with cross reinforcement.
Gartciusiana, Rarnificationa, and StopEe Acoor~clingly, it can be seen that Accorciingty, the Anvick composite a~ert~tr~ar connection of this invention can be used in structural cernentations and other hybrid material structures The wails can be pre assembled, or pre=fiarmed, offsite aGCOrding to the rectuired size dimensions and then transported to the job site.
Rapid instiiiatian Can be made ftom 100, recycled materials Reduce demand on energy Structurally mere ef~aiont I~ateriais and labor force readily avaitable word wide AJteets extreme climactic environments! and climatic challenges riliore durable structures Alttivugt~ the riesc:riptiarr atxwe cxmtains many specificities, these shvuki not b~
t~rtstrued as limiting the scope of the invention but as merety providing ilicastrations of some of the presen~y~ preferred embcydiments of this invention.
'carious other embodiments and ramifications are possible ~rithin it's scope.
For example, a continuous element can be formed into an entire pa~net arratt tanning transverse, lateral, and longitudinal elements from one cantirruous element, Simple #russes of conventlonat re bar can be permitted b~ butidtng onicials v~itl~out° need ft~r testing. Eiet~tenfs'of.diffianri~ configurations can be intecrrtixed thrr~uphout an e~tr. knd. many ather.p~citen~~t co~r~f'tpuration~ can he m~ci~.
,... . . . . .;;:, :. . :: ... . ..~=, ~,- .~. ,. ;. , .;~
"bus the scope of the invention should be detemnin~d b~ the appentted claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by the exampi~es given.
Claims (20)
1. A device; a static structural reinforcement connecting element comprised of an aperture created by, a method; a predetermined disposition of reinforcing members providing means to attain higher ductility, and composite action in structures.
2. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein said aperture device is comprised of any arrangement of elements of a truss when at least one continuous web element or at least one cord element is bent, folded tied, woven, or formed to a curvilinear waveform, aperture, or loop providing means for containment or girding of reinforcement within the area bonded by one or more truss elements.
3. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein said aperture device providing means for ductile connection of reinforcement
4. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein an aperture comprised by a method of arrangement of one or more reinforcement elements girds, and interconnects reinforcement in a framework providing means for a composite, and ductile erection.
5. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein specifications can be tailored as to longitudinal truss elements, lateral cross elements, freely locatable reinforcement apertures, insulation cores, transverse spanning reinforcements, and cementation components as to design, size, spacing, materials, methodology, and manufacture as required by any particular engineered demands provide means for strength and versatility use;
6. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein trusses are disposed of a multiplicity of apertures along the horizontal length in alternating from side to side thus providing means for the allowance, communication and flow through of said apertures by cross member reinforcement;
7. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein at least one element is comprised of cut, bent, woven, shaped, folded, looped, formed, bent, twisted, tied, straight or curvilinear reinforcement elements of a material of the group consisting of mineral, metal, fiber, or chemical.
8. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein the device is disposed in a plurality along transverse faces of a truss providing a means where the reinforcement transfers forces through the reinforcement matrix in both tension, and compression.
9. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein the aperture is formed by the innermost cross-sectional face of a web vertices and the outermost cross-sectional face of an inwardly mounted cord, leaving sufficient space for insection of substantially perpendicular reinforcement, providing means for unification of a predetermined plurality of trusses, and reinforcement elements in longitudinal, lateral, and transverse axis.
10. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein a truss system comprising, trusses arranged in spaced apart, generally side-by-side relation embedded within a structure of plural elongate insulation core braces, each individual brace extending between adjacent trusses and engaging the trusses for maintaining a desired spacing there between, the braces being arranged in a row extending generally orthogonally to the sides of the trusses such that the longitudinal axes of the braces are generally coincident said plurality of trusses compressively positioned transversely by and between said insulation core modules, and interleaved between adjacent individual insulation panels at a predetermined spatial arrangement and relationship and extending the predetermined span of said cementation in such a manner that said cores spatial relation falls in the enter of the webbing between said lattices appositional chord elements providing means for correct reinforcement embedment within the appositional cementation layers, and provide a means of insulation, and vapor barrier, and spatial alignment of said trusses.
11. The connecting aperture devise and method of claim 1, wherein said apertures comprised from the predetermined disposition of web vertex, and cord elements of a truss or lattice structure are formed or bent at angles to the web so that they Ile flush to one another to provide a means of rigidly affixing them together side by side, and align to one another contiguously to provide means for the free passage through and containment within said aperture device of crossing substantially perpendicular reinforcemant elements.
a. The connecting aperture device and method of claim 1, wherein each truss in a given plurality is rotated in an apposite direction from adjacent trusses such that each truss affixed to each adjacent truss's appositional and adjacent mating aperture provides means to form a three dimensional panel, and folded plate structure.
b. The connecting aperture device and method of claim 1 ,wherein a truss structure is elaborated try assembling said trusses edge to edge in planes which intersect at longitudinal lines of vertices which alternate from side to side of the resulting three dimensional space frame, along a transverse axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis system in a predetermined disposition such that it provides means to form said device.
c. The connecting aperture device and method of claim 1, wherein said curvilinear and or wave form webbing effect provides means for a three dimensional structural action once lateral or cross reinforcement and facings of cementations are installed.
d. a transverse axis in cross section consequently resembles the longitudinal cross section, consisting of alternating substantially equilateral triangles (triangular shapes, forms), neighboring triangles inverted, between parallel lines. the bases of said triangular cross section composed of cords which pass through the cincturing vertices along the intersecting planes of the longitudinal trusses;
e. said cords form alternating lines from side to side of the space frame along its longitudinal axis at the alternating vertices of the continuous web element initially described.
f. The alternating intersecting planes of trusses in both the longitudinal and transverse axes of the consequent space frame form substantially square based pyramidal structures.
g. Each cinctured vertex of the frame is one corner of the square base of one or more said structures, depending upon its location at an edge, corner, or in the field of a panel of this configuration of space frame, as well as the summit vertex of an inverted neighboring one, the alternate square bases forming the substantially planar opposite surface lattices of the space frame.
a. The connecting aperture device and method of claim 1, wherein each truss in a given plurality is rotated in an apposite direction from adjacent trusses such that each truss affixed to each adjacent truss's appositional and adjacent mating aperture provides means to form a three dimensional panel, and folded plate structure.
b. The connecting aperture device and method of claim 1 ,wherein a truss structure is elaborated try assembling said trusses edge to edge in planes which intersect at longitudinal lines of vertices which alternate from side to side of the resulting three dimensional space frame, along a transverse axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis system in a predetermined disposition such that it provides means to form said device.
c. The connecting aperture device and method of claim 1, wherein said curvilinear and or wave form webbing effect provides means for a three dimensional structural action once lateral or cross reinforcement and facings of cementations are installed.
d. a transverse axis in cross section consequently resembles the longitudinal cross section, consisting of alternating substantially equilateral triangles (triangular shapes, forms), neighboring triangles inverted, between parallel lines. the bases of said triangular cross section composed of cords which pass through the cincturing vertices along the intersecting planes of the longitudinal trusses;
e. said cords form alternating lines from side to side of the space frame along its longitudinal axis at the alternating vertices of the continuous web element initially described.
f. The alternating intersecting planes of trusses in both the longitudinal and transverse axes of the consequent space frame form substantially square based pyramidal structures.
g. Each cinctured vertex of the frame is one corner of the square base of one or more said structures, depending upon its location at an edge, corner, or in the field of a panel of this configuration of space frame, as well as the summit vertex of an inverted neighboring one, the alternate square bases forming the substantially planar opposite surface lattices of the space frame.
12. The connecting aperture device and method of claim 1, wherein truss elements comprising of one chord and one web and having a forming or bending of said web elements so that apertures are created at the web vertices without an affixed chord in simple, and or compound angles to said lattice in a manner to allow the insertion, and passage trough, and cincture of longitudinal reinforcement or lateral field chords cinctured to any other chord or reinforcing element for use as a chord in apposition, which provides means to utilize said lattice for adding shear at panel ends, and around openings in panels, and at intersections of structures, and for construction of box beams, and three dimensional panel systems, and placed together and rigidly effaced to one another juxtaposed so as here is a sharing of chords in apposition providing a means for design flexibility.
13. The connecting aperture device and method of claim 1, wherein structural elements of the family of wood, steal or other materials commonly used in structures mortised to fit act as a cord elements and become incorporated into the composite structure providing a means to develop a stronger bond and shear transfer to a hybrid assemblage of structural elements;.
14.The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein an aperture equipped truss is used as a spacer and support device for installation girding the chords of adjacent trusses providing means for alignment and bracing of components during construction and after completion of construction.;
15.The connecting aperture device and mood, of claim 1, wherein lateral cross member reinforcement is installed after welded wires mesh or materials from the group consisting of fibrous, or sinuous materials, or other sheeting goods have been positioned sir as said apertures protrude through said mesh or sheeting and provide a cincturing or girding and combining, providing means for increased ductility and composite action.
16. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, Said lattice elements containing said pre spaced cinctures can be laid flat web face towards the ends of the plurality of elongated lattice elements and provide a cinctured spatial alignment device that will add rigidity to the framework prior to the cementation and provide additional reinforcement and composite action, and ductile properties to the structural cementation.
17.The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein structural elements of the family of wood, steal or other materials commonly used in structures can be fitted to act as a cord element and become incorporated into the composite structure providing a means to develop a stronger bond and shear transfer within the hybrid assemblage of dissimilar structural elements.
18. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, (I like this But its redundant maybe we should took at fattening up a former claim with it) said cincturing aperture can be provided by rigidly affixing said web element to at least two cords by sandwiching, and or by weaving, and or folding, and or bending and said web element is rigidly affixed to one or more chord elements in opposition forming one or more apertures in parallel or tangential or angular opposition for insertion of reinforcement elements of an elongated and sinuous nature to span between said lattice apertures interconnecting and girding, and cincturing said spanning reinforcement to said elongated lattice framework containing a plurality of said cincturing apertures along its span.
19.The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein a freely locatable aperture cincture elements is comprised of bent, woven or folded continuous loop reinforcement provide a means for attachment of structural elements info the composite network of reinforcement from adjacent structural elements of the assemblage framework structure and connectivity to prior art components wherein a means for preventing longitudinal and transverse movement of said longitudinal cross member relative to said lateral cross member is provided to achieve higher ductility and transverse composite unification in tension as well as compression;.
20. The connecting aperture device and method, of claim 1, wherein a modular component composite panel system comprising a plurality of longitudinally extending spaced web trusses containing apertures secured to appositional cementations, and other structures sandwiching a insulation core.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US42097602P | 2002-12-19 | 2002-12-19 | |
| US60/420,976 | 2002-12-19 | ||
| US10/728,331 US20060137282A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 | 2003-12-04 | Anvick aperture device and method of forming and using same |
| PCT/US2003/038715 WO2004061247A2 (en) | 2002-12-19 | 2003-12-05 | Anvick aperture device and method of forming and using same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2543405A1 true CA2543405A1 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
Family
ID=32712947
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002543405A Abandoned CA2543405A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 | 2003-12-05 | Anvick aperture device and method of forming and using same |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060137282A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1664453A4 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2003297678A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2543405A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004061247A2 (en) |
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| US20140059967A1 (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2014-03-06 | Richard P. Martter | Reinforcing assembly having working members with non-planar tips |
| WO2012146793A1 (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2012-11-01 | Geo-Hidrol, S.A. | Framework for structural use |
| US9347690B2 (en) * | 2012-04-02 | 2016-05-24 | Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc | Methods and systems for concentrated solar power |
| EA026350B1 (en) * | 2012-05-01 | 2017-03-31 | ЭмСиТи МЕШ КОНСТРАКШН ТЕКНОЛОДЖИ ХОЛДИНГ Б.В. | Sandwich panel, method of building such a sandwich panel, a core of such a sandwich panel, and a building built of a plurality of such sandwich panels |
| US9702348B2 (en) | 2013-04-03 | 2017-07-11 | Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc | Chemical looping fluidized-bed concentrating solar power system and method |
| US9745736B2 (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2017-08-29 | University Of Virginia Patent Foundation | Three-dimensional space frames assembled from component pieces and methods for making the same |
| US10119276B2 (en) | 2016-07-15 | 2018-11-06 | Richard P. Martter | Reinforcing assemblies having downwardly-extending working members on structurally reinforcing bars for concrete slabs or other structures |
| US11220822B2 (en) | 2016-07-15 | 2022-01-11 | Conbar Systems Llc | Reinforcing assemblies having downwardly-extending working members on structurally reinforcing bars for concrete slabs or other structures |
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| PT3556960T (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2021-07-21 | Solidian Gmbh | Reinforcing assembly and method for producing a building material body using the reinforcing assembly |
| RU2680156C1 (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2019-02-18 | Александр Николаевич Чуйков | Construction panel and connecting element for the indicated panel |
| RU184157U1 (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-10-17 | Александр Николаевич Чуйков | Reinforcement cage |
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- 2003-12-04 US US10/728,331 patent/US20060137282A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-05 EP EP03814653A patent/EP1664453A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-12-05 AU AU2003297678A patent/AU2003297678A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-05 WO PCT/US2003/038715 patent/WO2004061247A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-12-05 CA CA002543405A patent/CA2543405A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2003297678A8 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
| WO2004061247A3 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
| EP1664453A4 (en) | 2009-08-05 |
| AU2003297678A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
| US20060137282A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
| WO2004061247A2 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
| EP1664453A2 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |