Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D9/00—Chemical paint or ink removers
  • C09D9/005—Chemical paint or ink removers containing organic solvents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
  • C08K5/053—Polyhydroxylic alcohols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/17—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
  • C08K5/41—Compounds containing sulfur bound to oxygen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D9/00—Chemical paint or ink removers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
  • C11D3/2086—Hydroxy carboxylic acids-salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C11D3/30—Amines; Substituted amines ; Quaternized amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/34—Organic compounds containing sulfur
  • C11D3/3445—Organic compounds containing sulfur containing sulfino groups, e.g. dimethyl sulfoxide
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/43—Solvents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/26—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D7/265—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/50—Solvents
  • C11D7/5004—Organic solvents
  • C11D7/5009—Organic solvents containing phosphorus, sulfur or silicon, e.g. dimethylsulfoxide
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/50—Solvents
  • C11D7/5004—Organic solvents
  • C11D7/5013—Organic solvents containing nitrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
  • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
  • C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
  • C23G5/032—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing oxygen-containing compounds
  • C23G5/036—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing oxygen-containing compounds having also nitrogen
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
  • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
  • G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
  • G03F7/42—Stripping or agents therefor
  • G03F7/422—Stripping or agents therefor using liquids only
  • G03F7/425—Stripping or agents therefor using liquids only containing mineral alkaline compounds; containing organic basic compounds, e.g. quaternary ammonium compounds; containing heterocyclic basic compounds containing nitrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
  • C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
  • C11D2111/14—Hard surfaces
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
  • C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
  • C11D2111/14—Hard surfaces
  • C11D2111/18—Glass; Plastics
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
  • C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
  • C11D2111/14—Hard surfaces
  • C11D2111/22—Electronic devices, e.g. PCBs or semiconductors

Definitions

• This invention relates to an improvement in aqueous stripping compositions particularly useful for stripping paints, varnishes, enamels, photoresists and the like, from various substrates. More particularly, the invention relates to improved aqueous stripping compositions comprising polar solvents and organic or inorganic amines by providing a corrosion inhibitor which is gallic acid or a gallic acid ester. The compositions do not include hydroxylamine.
• Stripping compositions used for removing coatings from substrates have for the most part been highly flammable compositions, compositions generally hazardous to both humans and the environment and compositions which are reactive solvent mixtures evidencing an undesirable degree of toxicity. Moreover, these stripping compositions are not only toxic but their disposal is. costly since they must be disposed of as a hazardous waste. In addition, these stripping compositions generally have severely limited bath life and, for the most part, are not recyclable or reusable .
• compositions containing chlorinated hydrocarbons and/or phenolic compounds or other highly caustic and corrosive materials have been employed as stripping compositions for stripping paints, varnishes, lacquers, enamels, photoresists, powder coatings and the like, from substrates such as wood, metal or silicon wafers .
• Hot caustic compositions are generally employed to remove coatings from metals and methylene chloride compositions to remove coatings from wood.
• the components of the stripping compositions are relatively toxic reactive solvent mixtures and thus must be subject to stringent use conditions and require hazardous chemical handling procedures and wearing of safety garments and apparel by users so as to avoid contact with the stripping compositions.
• stripping compositions require special human and environmental safety precautions to be taken during ⁇ storage and use of said compositions .
• 7013-23 2 a corrosion inhibitor so that such compositions can be used on a various kinds of photoresists.
• U.S. Patent No. 4,276,186 to Bakos et al discloses a cleaning composition which includes N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and an alkanolamine .
• N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone does not provide a broad spectrum of cleaning as is capable with the composition of the invention.
• U.S. Patent No. 4,617,251 to Sizensky discloses a stripping composition which is prepared with a select amine and an organic polar solvent. The composition is formed utilizing from about 2 to about 98% by weight of amine compound and about 98 to about 2% of an organic polar solvent.
• U.S. Patent No. 4,770,713 to Ward discloses a stripping composition comprising an alkylamine and an alkanol amine.
• U.S. Patent No. 5,419,779 ' to Ward discloses a process for removing an organic coating from a substrate by applying a composition consisting of about 62% by weight of monothanolamine, about 19% by weight hydroxyl mine, a corrosion inhibitor which includes gallic acid and gallic acid esters, and water.
• U.S. Patent No. 5,496,491 to Ward which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses a photoresist stripping composition comprising a basic amine, a polar solvent and an inhibitor which is the reaction product of an alkanolamine and a bicyclic compound.
• gallic acid and gallic acid esters are not disclosed as inhibitors .
• U.S. Patent Nos . 5,334,32 and 5,275,771 to Lee disclose a composition containing hydroxylamine, an alkanolamine and a chelating agent.
• the chelating agent is not gallic acid or its esters.
• U.S. Patent No. 5,597,420 to Ward discloses a stripping composition free of hydroxylamine compounds which consists essentially of monoethanolamine and water together with a corrosion inhibitor. The inhibitor includes gallic acid and its esters.
• heretofore available photoresist stripping compositions have required unduly long residence times or repeated applications in order to remove certain coatings.
• various coatings have resisted removal from certain substrates with these heretofore available stripping compositions. That is, these previously available stripping compositions have not provided adequate or complete removal of certain hard-to-remove coatings from various substrates .
• stripping compositions that exhibit substantially no human or environmental toxicity, are water miscible and are biodegradable. It is also desirable to provide stripping compositions that are substantially non-flammable, non-corrosive, evidence relatively little, if any,
• photoresist stripping compositions that have a high degree of stripping efficacy and particularly such high degree of stripping at lower temperatures than generally required with prior stripping compositions .
• photoresist stripping compositions be provided that exhibit substantially no corrosive effects on the substrate, especially those containing titanium and/or aluminum or silicone.
• stripping compositions be provided with the above-identified desirable characteristics which evidence synergistic stripping action in that the mixtures of components provide stripping efficacy and stripping results not always obtainable with the individual components for the removal of sidewall organometallic and metal oxide residues.
• the corrosion inhibitor is believed to form a 5-or 6- membered ring coordination complex with the substrate.
• Gallic acid is a more effective inhibitor than catechol because it is a more effective oxygen scavenger and has more sites for ligand attachment. That is, gallic acid has more effective covalent bonds.
• a preferred amount of inhibitor is about 0.1 to 10% by weight.
• the compositions can be non-aqueous or can include water.
• novel stripping compositions of the invention exhibit synergistically enhanced stripping action and stripping capabilities at low temperatures not possible from the use of the individual components or in combination with other stripping components such as N-methylpyrrolidone or alkylamides without the occurrence of corrosion. 7013-23 6
• the stripping compositions of the invention with the corrosion inhibitor provide an effective stripping action as well as prevent metal ion redeposition, for example, alkaline earth and alkali metal ion redeposition on the substrate. It is a general object of the invention to provide a non- corroding stripping composition which is effective at low temperatures .
• the stripping compositions of the invention preferably comprise an admixture of a polar solvent and an organic or inorganic amine in combination with about 0.1 to 10% by weight of a corrosion inhibitor which is a compound of the general formula:
• R is hydrogen or lower alkyl .
• a preferred photoresist stripping composition consists of about 58 to 63% by weight of N-monoethanolamine, about 30 to 40% by weight of dimethyl sulfoxide, about 1 to 4% by weight of gallic acid and water.
• anthranilic acid may also be added as a corrosion inhibitor.
• the polar solvents which can be used in the present invention include and are not limited to water, polyhydric alcohols, for example, propylene glycol , glycol , glycerol , polyethylene glycol, and the like, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) , butyrolactones , glycol ethers, N-alkyl pyrolidones, for example N-methyl pyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran (THF) glycol ethers including diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether, ethylene diamine, ethylenetriamine , dimethylacetamide (DMAC) , and the like.
• polyhydric alcohols for example, propylene glycol , glycol , glycerol , polyethylene glycol, and the like
• DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
• butyrolactones glycol ethers
• N-alkyl pyrolidones for example N-methyl pyrrolidone
• THF tetra
• the amines which can be used in the present invention include but are not limited to tetralkylammonium hydroxide, a diamino or an 7013-23 8 amino hydroxy compound such as described in U.S. Patent Nos . 4,765,844 and 4,617,251 which are herein incorporated by reference, alkanolamines, which are primary, secondary or tetiary having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, morpholine, N-methylaminoethanol, and the like.
• Optional ingredients includes surfactents .
• the stripping compositions of this invention are especially useful and advantageous for numerous reasons among which may be mentioned the following.
• the stripping compositions are water soluble, non-corrosive, non-flammable and of low toxicity to the environment.
• the stripping compositions evidence higher stripping efficiency at low temperatures for a wide variety of coatings and substrates. They are particularly suitable for removal of photoresists and residues from plasma processing used in integrated circuit fabrication since they also prevent the redeposition of metal ions, especially sodium and potassium ions.
• the stripping compositions are easily prepared by simply mixing the components at room temperature.
• the method of the invention is carried out by contacting an organic or metal -organic polymer, inorganic salt, oxide, hydroxide or complex or combination thereof as a film or residue, (i.e. sidewall polymer (SWP) ) . with the described stripping composition.
• SWP sidewall polymer
• the actual conditions, i.e., temperature, time, etc. depend on the nature and thickness of the complex (photoresist and/or sidewall polymer) material to be removed, as well as other factors familiar to those skilled in the art.
• the photoresist stripping the photoresist is contacted or dipped into a vessel
• Examplificative organic polymeric materials include photoresists, electron beam resists, X-ray resists, ion beam resists, and the like.
• Specific examples of organic polymeric materials include positive resists containing phenolformaldehyde resins or poly (p-vinylphenol) , polymethylmethacrylate-containing resists, and the like.
• plasma processing residues include among others; metal-organic complexes and/or inorganic salts, oxides, hydroxides or complexes which form films or residues either alone or in combination with the organic polymer resins of a photoresist.
• the organic materials and/or SWP can be removed from conventional substrates known to those skilled in the art, such as silicon, silicon dioxide, aluminum, aluminum alloys, copper, copper alloys, etc.
• the substrates were cooled and dipped into vessels containing a stripping composition and stirred with a magnetic stirrer. There was a vessel containing a stripping composition maintained at a temperature of 50 oc and another at 55oC. The contact time with the compositions was 20 to 30 minutes. The substrates were washed with deionized water and dried with nitrogen. The results were determined by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy inspection and were as follows :
• Sample 3 showed severe corrosion in VIAS at 75 oC.
• Sample 1, 3 and 5 in VIAS at 75% showed some SWP residue or corrosion.
• Samples 2, 4 and 7 showed better inhibitor performance against aluminum etching than other samples .
• Figures 1A-1C show the stripping results of composition 5 or a photoresist at 90 °C and Figures 2A-2C show the results of composition 7 on a photoresist under the same conditions.
• Example 2 The following stripping and cleaning compositions were prepared and tested according to the test of Example 1.
• Tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide 9.7° 20 65 100 ELtt ⁇ g Pentahydrate (TMAH) 20 90 100 PitTrg Dipropyleneglycol monoethylether 21.0° DMSO 69.3°

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)
• Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
• Exposure Of Semiconductors, Excluding Electron Or Ion Beam Exposure (AREA)
• Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
• Paints Or Removers (AREA)
• Cleaning Or Drying Semiconductors (AREA)

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• 1997
  • 1997-10-16 US US08/951,424 patent/US5988186A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1998
  • 1998-10-13 JP JP2000516788A patent/JP4554813B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-10-13 EP EP98953431A patent/EP1023129B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-10-13 CA CA002306954A patent/CA2306954A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-10-13 AU AU10810/99A patent/AU1081099A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-10-13 DE DE69837011T patent/DE69837011T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-10-13 KR KR1020007003936A patent/KR100541300B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-10-13 AT AT98953431T patent/ATE353034T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1998-10-13 WO PCT/US1998/021563 patent/WO1999020408A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1998-11-04 TW TW087117167A patent/TW460579B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2009
  • 2009-06-24 JP JP2009149844A patent/JP2009256680A/ja active Pending

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