WO1999011580A1 - Fenetre a double vitrage - Google Patents
Fenetre a double vitrage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999011580A1 WO1999011580A1 PCT/JP1998/003906 JP9803906W WO9911580A1 WO 1999011580 A1 WO1999011580 A1 WO 1999011580A1 JP 9803906 W JP9803906 W JP 9803906W WO 9911580 A1 WO9911580 A1 WO 9911580A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- spacer
- sheet
- double
- thickness
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
- E06B3/66304—Discrete spacing elements, e.g. for evacuated glazing units
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
- C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
- Y02A30/249—Glazing, e.g. vacuum glazing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
- Y02B80/22—Glazing, e.g. vaccum glazing
Definitions
- a plurality of spacers are provided at intervals along a plate surface between a pair of plate glasses, a sealing member is interposed over the entire outer periphery of both plate glasses, and a gap between both plate glasses is formed.
- the present invention relates to a double glazing sealed under reduced pressure. Background technology
- a double-layer glass integrally formed by interposing an air layer serving as a heat insulating layer between a pair of sheet glasses is known.
- double glazing there is a problem that the thickness of the glass itself becomes large, and the aesthetics including the sash are easily damaged. Therefore, assuming that the thickness is thinner and the heat insulation is higher, a plurality of spacers (formed in a small-diameter cylindrical shape so as to be less likely to obstruct the transparency) are provided between a pair of glass sheets.
- the spacers and the sealing member By providing the spacers and the sealing member, it is possible to secure a predetermined distance between the two glass sheets even when the gap portion is in a decompressed state.
- the spacer has been formed of a material having high strength and not easily plastically deformed (for example, stainless steel, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, titanium, and ceramics).
- the spacer itself has a high strength and is hardly plastically deformed, so that it is easy to always maintain the distance between the two glazings at a predetermined value.
- the impact force acts on the double-glazed glass as described above. In this case, there is a problem that it is difficult to reduce a local strong impact force generated at a contact point between the spacer and the sheet glass, and the sheet glass is easily broken.
- an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide a double-glazed glass which is hardly damaged by a dynamically acting external force. Disclosure of the invention
- a characteristic configuration of the present invention according to claim 1 is that a plurality of spacers are provided between a pair of plate glasses at intervals along the plate surface, and the outer edges of both glass plates are provided.
- the spacer is a function of a static normal external pressure normally applied in a thickness direction of the glazing. Is designed to maintain a predetermined gap between the glass sheets and to be able to relax the stress by generating plastic deformation against the action of the impact force dynamically applied in the thickness direction. .
- the spacer maintains a predetermined plate glass interval with respect to an action of a static normal external pressure normally applied in the plate thickness direction, and Since it is formed so as to generate plastic deformation in response to the effect of an impact force dynamically applied in the thickness direction and thereby alleviate stress, it is necessary to maintain a predetermined gap between the sheet glasses during the operation of the normal external pressure.
- the spacer is plastically deformed by the action of the external force, so that it is possible to receive the spacer in a state where the impact due to the impact force is reduced.
- the sealing member when the sealing member is formed of a material that is unlikely to be plastically deformed, the amount of deformation in the compression direction caused by the action of the impact force is different from that of the sealing member.
- the spacer is more likely to be larger, and with the difference in the amount of deformation, the tensile stress tends to act particularly on the outer edge of the sheet glass (near the joint with the sealing member). In the state where the tensile strength is within the range of the tensile strength, the spacer can exert a shock absorbing action against the impact force.
- the characteristic configuration of the present invention according to claim 2 is that the spacer has a diameter of 0.30 to 1.0 mm, an installation interval of 10 to 25 mm, normal temperature yield strength in each numerical ranges 4. on 5 9. to be 5 K g / mm 2 rollers.
- the spacer has a diameter of 0.3 to 1.0 mm, an installation interval of 10 to 25 mm, and
- the invention of claim 1 is described in the state where the proof stress at room temperature in the above numerical ranges is 4.5 to 9.5 Kg / mm 2 , so that the spacer is not conspicuous, so that the appearance is not significantly impaired.
- the effect of the present invention can be achieved.
- Equation (1) the pressure exerted on the spacer is scan Bae over D 0 diameter of support, the installation distance is L, is given by Equation (1).
- P L 2 XP. / (D. 2) 2 (1) where P. Is the pressure acting from outside the double glazing.
- the spacer diameter is set to 0.30 to 1.0 mm as a range in which the above-mentioned problems are unlikely to occur. is there.
- the spacer installation interval is closely related to the diameter of the spacer and the proof stress at room temperature, and the effect of the invention of claim 1 is achieved.
- the presence of the spacer is made inconspicuous, the aesthetic appearance is prevented from being lowered, and even if the sheet glass is radiused due to the action of external force, the gap between the two sheets of glass can be secured as
- the spacing between the spacers is set to 10 to 25 mm. If the spacer installation interval dimension exceeds 25 mm, the load due to normal external force acting on one spacer increases, and the deformation of the spacer reaches a non-negligible amount.
- the tensile stress generated on the outer surface of the sheet glass immediately above the spacer also increases, and the sheet glass is easily damaged. If the spacing between spacers is less than 1 O mm, the heat transmission rate will increase and there is a danger that the heat insulation performance will decrease.
- the stress value that gives a permanent deformation rate of 0.2% the smaller the value is, the easier it is to plastically deform.
- the range of the interval it is set as a range in which the function and effect of the invention of claim 1 can be achieved.
- the spacer height is set so as to minimize the thickness of the entire double-glazed glass as far as the effect of the invention of claim 1 can be achieved and to form a gap between the two glass sheets.
- the height of the spacer is set to 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
- a feature of the present invention according to claim 3 is that a heat transmission coefficient between the pair of plate glasses is 3.3 Kca 1 / m 2 hr ° C or less.
- the heat transmission coefficient between the pair of plate glasses is 3.3 K ca 1 /
- the heat insulation of the double-glazed glass can be further enhanced.
- the characteristic configuration of the present invention according to claim 4 is that at least one of the pair of glass sheets 1 has a thickness in a range of 2.7 to 3.3 mm. And the thickness of the other sheet glass 1 is set to be equal to or greater than the thickness of the one sheet glass 1.
- the thickness dimension of at least one of the pair of plate glasses is 2.7. Since the thickness of the other sheet glass is set to be equal to or larger than the thickness of the one sheet glass, the thickness of one sheet glass is thin. In this state, the external force can be integrally received by the pair of plate glasses in a state where the impact can be relaxed via the spacer. As a result, while keeping the overall thickness thin, it is possible to have both a heat insulation function and a buffer function, and it is possible to make a double-glazed glass that is hard to break even in a severe environment and has excellent functionality. .
- FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing a double-glazed glass
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the double glazing.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show an embodiment of the double-glazed glass according to the present invention.
- a double-glazed glass P is formed between a pair of glass sheets 1 at intervals along the plate surface.
- a gap V between the two glass sheets 1A and 1B is formed by sealing under reduced pressure with the intermediary of the support 2.
- Each of the pair of plate glasses 1 has a thickness of 3 mm (3 mm plate glass referred to in the JIS standard).
- a portion (an example of a sealing member) 4 is provided to seal the gap V.
- the gap V is formed in a decompressed environment (1.0 X) by, for example, producing a double-glazed glass in a vacuum environment, or sucking after producing the double-glazed glass.
- the outer peripheral edges of the two glass sheets 1 are arranged so that one of the glass sheets 1A protrudes along the sheet surface direction.
- the sealing member is placed on the protruding portion 5 at the time of formation, the outer peripheral portion of the gap V can be efficiently and reliably sealed.
- the spacer 2 has a resistance to room temperature (an stress value that gives a 0.2% permanent deformation rate, and a smaller value indicates that plastic deformation is more likely to occur).
- a material of 9.5 K gZmm 2 is preferable, and in this embodiment, each is formed of an aluminum alloy. If the proof stress is too small, the spacer 2 may be significantly plastically deformed due to the atmospheric pressure acting on the sheet glass 1, and the gap V may not be maintained. Will be damaged. On the other hand, if the proof stress is too large, there is almost no deformation due to the effect of the impact force dynamically applied in the thickness direction, so that it is difficult to reduce the impact, and it occurs at the contact point between the spacer 2 and the sheet glass 1. A strong impact force is locally applied, and the glass sheet 1 is broken.
- the spacer 2 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and its dimensions are
- the height is set to 0.1 to 0.5 mm. And, since the portion that comes into contact with the sheet glass is formed in a circular shape, it is possible to prevent the sheet glass 1 from being easily broken without forming a corner portion where stress concentration is likely to occur in the contact portion with the both sheet glasses 1. it can.
- the spacing between the spacers 2 is set to a dimension of 10 to 25 mm.
- a method of forming the multi-layer glass P will be described.
- One sheet glass 1A having a through-hole for pressure reduction and the other sheet glass 1B having no through-hole are washed beforehand.
- the spacers 2 are arranged at a predetermined pitch (10 to 25 mm) on the glass sheet 1B, and the glass sheet 1A is superimposed on the glass sheet 1B via the spacer 2 to form a pair of glass sheets.
- a low-melting glass is applied over the entire outer periphery of the substrate, and is held at an ambient temperature of 400 to 500 degrees for about 1 hour to seal the outer periphery. Then, the temperature is raised to a temperature of 120 ° C. while evacuating from the through-hole, and the release of gas from the opposing plate glass surface is promoted. By sealing the through-hole, the double-glazed glass P can be formed.
- a predetermined interval between the sheet glasses can be set with respect to the action of the static atmospheric pressure (corresponding to the normal external pressure) normally applied in the sheet thickness direction.
- the spacer can be maintained, and the spacer can be plastically deformed to respond to the effect of the dynamically applied impact force, thereby relaxing the stress and impact, and making the glass sheet hard to break.
- the glass used is 3 mm re-float glass and the size is 30 ⁇ X
- the spacer is made of aluminum alloy and has a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 0.5 mm and a height of 0.2 mm.
- a SUS304 product of the same dimensions was used as a comparative example.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of the heat transfer coefficient
- Table 2 shows the measurement results.
- the spontaneous destruction occurs due to the tensile stress acting on the fixed portion (outer edge surface) of the low-melting glass, so that the height change of the spacer is preferably less than 40 ⁇ m.
- the spacing between spacers that satisfies this condition is preferably not more than 25 mm in view of Table 2.
- the spacer installation interval is 10 mn!
- the range is preferably up to 25 mm, which makes it possible to obtain a double-glazed glass which is not easily broken in a natural state while having suitable heat insulating performance.
- the normal temperature resistance is 2.9, 4.1, 5.6, 7.1, 9.2, 11.7,
- the height change of the spacer after 7 days was measured as before, and the suction load (diameter 50 mm) attached to the front and back surfaces of the multi-layer glass was repeated along the thickness direction ( Measurement of the height change of the spacer after applying a maximum of 150 kg / cm 2 and a stress rate of 100 kg gZm 2 ⁇ s) to the multilayer glass 100 times High Is the limit value of the height change of the spacer.
- Table 5 shows the measurement results of the number of drops
- Table 6 shows the measurement results of the drop height.
- Table 3 Change in spacer diameter at room temperature Change in spacer height Material used
- the room temperature resistance of the spacer that satisfies the limit value of the spacer height change of less than 40 ⁇ m is preferably 4.5 kg / mm 2 or more. Is done.
- the spacer is 4. preferably in the range of 5 K g / mm 2 ⁇ 9. 5 K g / mm 2, and One by it to the action of dynamic external force It can exhibit the effect of mitigating impacts, and for example, it is possible to make a multi-layer glass that is hard to break even when a large wind pressure acts.
- the spacer is not limited to the aluminum alloy spacer described in the above embodiment.
- aluminum, gold, lead, indium, tin, silver, copper, or these are mainly used. It may be made of an alloy as a component.
- normal temperature yield strength compressive strength 4. 5 K g / mm 2 ⁇ 9. of 5 K g / mm 2 range near are preferred.
- the sealing member is not limited to the configuration using the low-melting glass described in the above embodiment.
- the sealing member may be formed of a material having the same deformation characteristics as the spacer. In such a case, it is possible to more evenly deform against the action of the impact force dynamically applied in the sheet thickness direction to relax the stress, and to provide a double-glazed glass which is hard to break by the impact. It is possible to do.
- the material include an organic adhesive, a low melting point metal, and a flexible metal.
- the sheet glass is not limited to the sheet glass having a thickness of 3 mm described in the above embodiment, and may be a sheet glass having another thickness.
- the type of glass can be arbitrarily selected, for example, template glass, ground glass (glass having a function of diffusing light by surface treatment), netted glass or reinforced glass, heat ray absorption, ultraviolet absorption, It may be a sheet glass provided with a function such as heat ray reflection.
- the thickness of the other glass sheet is The thickness may be set to be equal to or greater than the thickness of the one sheet glass.
- the double-glazed glass according to the present invention is useful as a double-glazed glass that is unlikely to be damaged by a dynamically acting external force. It is suitable as a multi-layer glass that can reduce the strong local impact generated at the contact point.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/297,815 US6210763B1 (en) | 1997-09-04 | 1998-08-31 | Double-glazing unit |
CA002271076A CA2271076A1 (en) | 1997-09-04 | 1998-08-31 | Double-glazing unit |
EP98940660A EP0963961A4 (en) | 1997-09-04 | 1998-08-31 | DOUBLE WINDOW WINDOW |
CN98801649A CN1243502A (zh) | 1997-09-04 | 1998-08-31 | 双层玻璃 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP9239352A JPH1179799A (ja) | 1997-09-04 | 1997-09-04 | 複層ガラス |
JP9/239352 | 1997-09-04 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999011580A1 true WO1999011580A1 (fr) | 1999-03-11 |
Family
ID=17043481
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1998/003906 WO1999011580A1 (fr) | 1997-09-04 | 1998-08-31 | Fenetre a double vitrage |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6210763B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0963961A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPH1179799A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20000068881A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1243502A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2271076A1 (ja) |
ID (1) | ID21466A (ja) |
TW (1) | TW420745B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1999011580A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
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US9593527B2 (en) | 2014-02-04 | 2017-03-14 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Vacuum insulating glass (VIG) unit with lead-free dual-frit edge seals and/or methods of making the same |
US9776910B2 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2017-10-03 | Guardian Glass, LLC | Vanadium-based frit materials, and/or methods of making the same |
US9988302B2 (en) | 2014-02-04 | 2018-06-05 | Guardian Glass, LLC | Frits for use in vacuum insulating glass (VIG) units, and/or associated methods |
US10087676B2 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2018-10-02 | Guardian Glass, LLC | Vanadium-based frit materials, and/or methods of making the same |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6793990B1 (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 2004-09-21 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. | Method of manufacturing glass panel and glasspanel manufactured by the method |
WO2000063130A1 (en) * | 1999-04-17 | 2000-10-26 | University Of Ulster | Method of sealing glass |
CA2411268A1 (en) * | 2000-06-14 | 2002-12-10 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. | Glass panel |
JP4109491B2 (ja) | 2002-05-07 | 2008-07-02 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | 透光性ガラスパネル |
US7080807B2 (en) * | 2003-02-27 | 2006-07-25 | Sierracin Corporation | Window frame/seal assembly and method of forming the same |
WO2005009768A1 (en) | 2003-07-23 | 2005-02-03 | Meggitt Aerospace Equipment | Composite seal |
DE502004004232D1 (de) * | 2004-05-04 | 2007-08-16 | Delo Industrieklebstoffe Gmbh | Glas-Sandwichplatte |
DE102007053824A1 (de) | 2007-11-12 | 2009-05-20 | Futech Gmbh | Wärmedämmendes Verglasungselement und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
US20110079011A1 (en) * | 2009-10-01 | 2011-04-07 | Anthony Sabo | Electro-repulsive vacuum glazing |
KR100957667B1 (ko) * | 2009-11-17 | 2010-05-12 | 이상권 | 진공 단열 유리의 제조방법 |
JP5985859B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-05 | 2016-09-06 | 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 | ディスクブレーキ用摩擦パッド組立て体 |
US10165870B2 (en) | 2014-02-11 | 2019-01-01 | Anthony, Inc. | Display case door assembly with vacuum panel |
US9498072B2 (en) | 2014-02-11 | 2016-11-22 | Anthony, Inc. | Display case door assembly with tempered glass vacuum panel |
US9366071B1 (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2016-06-14 | Peter Petit | Low-friction spacer system for vacuum insulated glass |
US20180066469A1 (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2018-03-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Vacuum glazing pillars for insulated glass units and insulated glass units therefrom |
WO2016147604A1 (ja) | 2015-03-13 | 2016-09-22 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | ガラスパネルユニットの製造方法、ガラス窓の製造方法、およびスペーサ付きガラス基板の製造装置 |
WO2016152052A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-20 | 2016-09-29 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | ガラスパネルユニット、ガラス窓、およびガラスパネルユニットの製造方法 |
US9687087B1 (en) | 2016-06-16 | 2017-06-27 | Anthony, Inc. | Display case door assembly with vacuum panel and lighting features |
US11117831B2 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2021-09-14 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Glass panel unit, glass window, and method for manufacturing glass panel unit |
JP6924968B2 (ja) | 2016-11-11 | 2021-08-25 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | ガラスパネルユニット製造用のピラー実装装置、ガラスパネルユニットの製造方法、およびガラス窓の製造方法 |
EP3590904B1 (en) | 2017-02-28 | 2023-04-05 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Method for manufacturing pillar supply sheet, method for manufacturing glass panel unit and method for manufacturing glass window |
EP3752699B1 (en) | 2018-02-14 | 2022-04-27 | VKR Holding A/S | Compressible pillar for a vacuum insulated glazing unit |
EP3816128B1 (en) | 2018-06-28 | 2022-03-09 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Pillar supply method, method for manufacturing glass panel unit, and pillar supply device |
US11802436B2 (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2023-10-31 | Guardian Glass, LLC | Vacuum insulated glass (VIG) window unit with metal alloy spacers, and/or methods of making the same |
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JPH0687633A (ja) * | 1992-09-03 | 1994-03-29 | Kazuo Kuroiwa | 真空断熱ガラス板とその歪抜製造方法 |
JPH07508967A (ja) * | 1992-01-31 | 1995-10-05 | ザ ユニバーシテイ オブ シドニイ | 熱絶縁ガラスパネルの改良 |
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US5270084A (en) * | 1989-09-28 | 1993-12-14 | Parker Design Limited | Insulating glass unit |
US5124185A (en) * | 1989-10-03 | 1992-06-23 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Vacuum insulating unit |
AUPM888994A0 (en) | 1994-10-19 | 1994-11-10 | University Of Sydney, The | Design improvement to vacuum glazing |
-
1997
- 1997-09-04 JP JP9239352A patent/JPH1179799A/ja active Pending
-
1998
- 1998-08-31 ID IDW990291A patent/ID21466A/id unknown
- 1998-08-31 CN CN98801649A patent/CN1243502A/zh active Pending
- 1998-08-31 KR KR1019997003875A patent/KR20000068881A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-08-31 CA CA002271076A patent/CA2271076A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-08-31 EP EP98940660A patent/EP0963961A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-08-31 US US09/297,815 patent/US6210763B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-08-31 WO PCT/JP1998/003906 patent/WO1999011580A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-09-01 TW TW087114473A patent/TW420745B/zh active
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JPH07508967A (ja) * | 1992-01-31 | 1995-10-05 | ザ ユニバーシテイ オブ シドニイ | 熱絶縁ガラスパネルの改良 |
JPH0687633A (ja) * | 1992-09-03 | 1994-03-29 | Kazuo Kuroiwa | 真空断熱ガラス板とその歪抜製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9776910B2 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2017-10-03 | Guardian Glass, LLC | Vanadium-based frit materials, and/or methods of making the same |
US10087676B2 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2018-10-02 | Guardian Glass, LLC | Vanadium-based frit materials, and/or methods of making the same |
US10196299B2 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2019-02-05 | Guardian Glass, LLC | Vanadium-based frit materials, and/or methods of making the same |
US11014847B2 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2021-05-25 | Guardian Glass, LLC | Vanadium-based frit materials, and/or methods of making the same |
US9593527B2 (en) | 2014-02-04 | 2017-03-14 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Vacuum insulating glass (VIG) unit with lead-free dual-frit edge seals and/or methods of making the same |
US9988302B2 (en) | 2014-02-04 | 2018-06-05 | Guardian Glass, LLC | Frits for use in vacuum insulating glass (VIG) units, and/or associated methods |
US10421684B2 (en) | 2014-02-04 | 2019-09-24 | Guardian Glass, LLC | Frits for use in vacuum insulating glass (VIG) units, and/or associated methods |
US10465433B2 (en) | 2014-02-04 | 2019-11-05 | Guardian Glass, Llc. | Vacuum insulating glass (VIG) unit with lead-free dual-frit seals and/or methods of making the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH1179799A (ja) | 1999-03-23 |
EP0963961A1 (en) | 1999-12-15 |
ID21466A (id) | 1999-06-17 |
US6210763B1 (en) | 2001-04-03 |
TW420745B (en) | 2001-02-01 |
CA2271076A1 (en) | 1999-03-11 |
EP0963961A4 (en) | 2000-10-04 |
CN1243502A (zh) | 2000-02-02 |
KR20000068881A (ko) | 2000-11-25 |
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