WO1998051869A1

WO1998051869A1 - Device for stabilising an unstable shoulder in railway and road construction and method for producing the same

Info

Publication number: WO1998051869A1
Application number: PCT/CH1998/000164
Authority: WO
Inventors: Rudolf Rüegger
Original assignee: Rüegger Systeme Ag Ingenieurlösungen In Der Geotechnik; Gleisag Gleis- Und Tiefbau Ag Rorschach
Priority date: 1997-05-12
Filing date: 1998-04-24
Publication date: 1998-11-19
Also published as: EP0981673B2; ATE222311T1; AU6916298A; EP0981673B1; EP0981673A1; CH692390A5; DE59805193D1

Abstract

The inventive device is provided with angular support grids (2), said support grids being placed next to each other on the ground. The front faces of said support grids are covered with a geocompatible manufactured material (7), filled with bulk material (8) and fixed in the ground by means of vertical sustaining elements (3). Said sustaining elements (3) are driven into the ground at a set distance from the front faces (21) of the support grids (2), through the base parts of said support grids (2), by means of pile-driving and/or boring and optionally, are fixed by oblique tension elements (4) which are driven into the ground at an angle. It is possible to fix several support grids (2) arranged on top of each other with the same sustaining elements (3) or tension elements (4). Once a formation has been created, sustaining elements are driven into the ground until only the shanks are left protruding. The support grids are then placed on said shanks. Alternatively, support grids are placed on the formation and sustaining elements are then driven through the base parts of said support grids, into the ground until only the shanks are left protruding. The front faces of the support grids are covered with a geocompatible manufactured material and filled with bulk material (8). The tension elements which correspond to the sustaining elements can be driven into the ground at an angle and fixed.

Description

Device for securing unstable banquets in railway construction and in road and path construction, and method for their creation

The invention relates to a device for securing unstable banquets in the construction of, in particular, railways, streets and paths, with supporting grids placed on the ground, lined up alongside one another and filled with bulk material, each of which is designed to be open and angled with a front side and a normally horizontal base part and at least on the front side are lined with a flat geocompatible product.

The invention also relates to a method for creating a device of the type mentioned.

The device according to the invention and the method according to the invention are used, for example, to secure unstable banquets in railway, road and path construction, when building edge paths on slopes, and / or to stabilize shoulders of rail and road bodies in slip zones.

A device of the type mentioned is known from EP-B-0197000 and / or CH-A-666510. The support grids clad at least on the front with a geocompatible make and then backfilled are placed on a respective level and are then fixed with the aid of a reinforcement also made of geocompatible make, essentially by the weight of the fill on it.

From DE-3912710 the fastening of wall elements of an essentially vertical retaining wall of an embankment applied to a level is known to prevent the retaining wall from sliding sideways. Support piles are placed in rows in the soil at predetermined intervals on the level before the embankment. The wall elements extending from the level to the surface of the fill are placed on the support piles and provided with appropriate cavities for receiving the support piles for this purpose. The structural elements of the retaining wall exist this has a certain horizontal flexibility at the toothed joints between the wall elements in order to avoid cracks and breaks which would occur due to the floor movements with a rigid continuous retaining wall of the same wall thickness. To reinforce the retaining wall against the bending of the support piles at the transition point between the formation and the wall elements are in the fill d. H . Reinforcements introduced above the formation, one of which engages on the support piles and the other on the wall elements, and which are designed as mesh-like reinforcement elements from a geocompatible brand. To reinforce the retaining wall to prevent it from sliding sideways, the supporting piles are also anchored obliquely to the rear beneath the formation with ground nails in the soil beneath the fill.

The disadvantage of these two known types of devices is that they are fixed in the bed on. H. above the formation due to reinforcement inserts made of geocompatible make inserted in the fill. Such a fixation above the formation is sufficient for stable subsoil and low loads, but usually does not withstand the higher weight and the higher load (especially when considering the often critical slope stability) when building railways, roads and paths.

At all without reinforcement from a geocompatible make, narrow grids of the type known from EP-B-0197000 and / or CH-A-666510 are stable only in very favorable subsurface conditions, and such favorable conditions are in most cases in which a banquet security is required at all is not before.

In the retaining wall known from DE-39127 10, from a certain height of the retaining wall, the bending stiffness of the supporting posts at the transition point between the formation and the wall elements is not sufficient to hold the retaining wall steadfastly, and the then required rear-hangings of the Retaining walls are complex.

While vertical flexibility of the retaining wall is desired over longer distances in order to allow the retaining wall to follow large-scale terrain movements which could otherwise lead to overstressing and thus damage, the local horizontal flexibility of the retaining wall known from DE-3912710 is in all joints between the wall elements actually undesirable and only to be regarded as a minor evil, which is accepted in the device according to DE-3912710 to avoid cracks and breaks in the brittle wall elements.

In the retaining wall known from DE-3912710, it is also essential to first insert the holding elements into the subsurface of the formation and only then to plug the wall elements onto the supporting piles, because it is not possible to drill through the wall elements without great risk of damage, ramming to drive the support piles and work otherwise. As a result, it is necessary to insert the row of support piles with sufficient dimensional accuracy into the subsoil of the formation so that the wall elements can be attached to them.

The object of the invention is to provide a device of the type mentioned at the outset with which the disadvantages mentioned can be overcome.

In particular, no fixation should be required by means of back hangings inserted in the fill. When building railways, roads and paths and especially when creating banquets next to tracks that are in operation, there is usually no space for the installation of such reinforcement inserts from a geocompatible manufacturer, since digging work is only permitted on the edge and to a very limited extent and the rear hooks cannot be inserted over a sufficient length.

Also intended in particular to secure unstable banquets in railway, road and path construction, when building peripheral paths on slopes, and / or to stabilize shoulders Railway and road bodies in slip zones, the side closure of the fill due to the high weight and the high load, taking into account the often critical slope stability, have no local flexibility, but only flexibility over longer distances.

This object is achieved in a device of the type mentioned by the combination of features specified in claim 1.

The invention also relates to a method which can be carried out in alternative equivalent ways for creating secure banquets during the construction of, in particular, railways, streets and paths.

Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

In the device according to the invention, the open, angular support grids placed on the formation and lined up alongside one another are fundamentally inherently stable together with their filling with heavy bulk material.

The holding elements of the device according to the invention fix the filled support grids in the soil under the formation through dowelling and re-attachment and thus prevent the support grids from sliding outward on the formation.

The support grids of the device according to the invention can also be fixed to the holding elements only by simple lateral contact and therefore do not need to be rigidly connected to them, but can be displaceable in the vertical direction. Additional fixing elements only need to prevent the lateral (horizontal), but not the vertical displacement between the support grid and the holding element. The support grids, which are lined up alongside one another on the row of stems of the holding elements, form a type of head beam which, like the support grilles themselves, has little local flexibility. However, the vertical displaceability of the support grids on the holding elements results in a flexibility of the structure essentially in different tical direction over longer distances, which allows this to follow large-scale terrain movements. For the same reason, the holding elements are not support piles for absorbing vertical loads from the support grids.

Therefore, the dimensional accuracy of the position of the holding elements does not play a decisive role in any direction (lengthways, crossways or in height). The holding elements can be embedded at more or less any location in the bulk body, which in turn allows the use of very simple and inexpensive holding elements, for example rammed elements. The holding elements can also be driven as desired before or after the support grid is placed on the formation without particular dimensional accuracy in the subsurface of the formation.

In connection with the present invention, the term "flat geocompatible product" includes not only geocompatible textile products in the narrow sense, but also their geocompatible, possibly non-textile equivalents such as, for example, grids, membranes or honeycomb structures, in particular also metal meshes.

In connection with the present invention, the term "vertical holding element" encompasses various types of profiles made of steel, concrete or wood, which can be inserted into the ground, for example by ramming or drilling, piles and their equivalents, for example railroad rail parts, normally without, but if necessary also with additional ones Mortar.

The term “tension element” encompasses various types of tension piles or tie rods that can be inserted into the ground by ramming or drilling, optionally with or without prestressing, optionally with or without mortar.

The device according to the invention thus essentially consists of open, angular, longitudinally arranged support grids, a flat geocompatible product and bulk material held therein, if necessary in several layers. The support grids are fixed in the construction recessed, more or less vertical into the subsurface, preferably rammed or drilled holding elements, which can optionally and depending on the geomechanical requirements be additionally retained with the help of inclined tensile elements rammed or drilled into the subsurface.

The device according to the invention with the vertical holding elements allows, by embedding them in the bulk material, the exact adjustment of the support grids in the longitudinal and transverse directions irrespective of the dimensional accuracy of the position of the vertical holding elements. Thus, the position of the vertical holding elements may vary depending on the procedure for their installation and on the properties of the subsurface, without impairing the adjustment of the support grid - thanks to the invention, a high degree of dimensional accuracy is not required when placing the vertical holding elements.

As a result, simple procedures without great precision, such as simple ramming methods, can be used to move the vertical holding elements. The tolerance for the placement of the vertical holding elements transversely and longitudinally to the direction of the banquet securing easily reaches about ± 10 cm with the invention, while in conventional working methods the tolerance is about ten times less, which excludes various simple displacement methods. Thanks to the invention, support grids and holding elements can be placed and dimensioned independently of one another with a large tolerance, which gives the execution of the construction project an extremely advantageous flexibility. In particular, the invention makes it possible to arrange the holding elements at any intervals that can be adapted to the respective geomechanical requirements without requiring corresponding changes in the arrangement of the support grids.

The device according to the invention ensures a vertically movable attachment of the support grids, which allows them to sit down without jamming or "hanging up" on the holding elements and putting considerable strain on them. In addition, the device according to the invention, if necessary, allows the support grids to be secured against horizontal slipping relative to the holding elements after being moved by means of tension or pressure elements.

The aim of the process is to secure banquets on the one hand with simple, quickly displaceable and mountable elements, on the other hand to use bulk material, in particular also reused material such as old ballast, broken concrete rubble etc. and to use it as a load-bearing component of the support grid. The bulk material is not just a filler or a backfill, but it serves to stiffen the support grid and to embed the vertical holding element and thus becomes a structurally active building material.

The device according to the invention and the method according to the invention also have the advantage that the support elements are easy to fill.

Training examples of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings, elements and parts corresponding to one another being provided with the same designations in all the figures. Show it:

1 shows a schematically illustrated cross section through a banquet security device with a device according to the invention in railway construction;

2 shows a schematically illustrated cross section through a banquet security device with a device according to the invention in road and path construction;

3 shows a schematically illustrated cross section through a banquet securing device or shoulder widening with a plurality of layers of support grids of the device according to the invention installed one above the other;

4 is a schematically illustrated perspective view sees the device according to the invention;

5a shows a schematically illustrated perspective view of a first embodiment of a fixation of a vertical holding element to a support grid of the device according to the invention;

5b shows a schematically illustrated side view of the design of the fixation shown in FIG. 5a;

6a shows a schematically illustrated perspective view of a second embodiment of a fixation of a vertical holding element to a support grid of the device according to the invention;

6b shows a schematically illustrated side view of the design of the fixation shown in FIG. 6a;

7a to 7g each show schematically cross-sectional configurations of vertical holding elements of a device according to the invention; and

8a to 8g each schematically shown cross-sectional configurations of oblique tension elements of a device according to the invention.

1 to 3, an overall device 1 for securing unstable banquets on slopes 11 is shown. With the device 1, deeper sliding surfaces 12 can also be stabilized.

The device 1 can be used, for example, in railway construction, as shown in FIG. 1, or in road and path construction, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, as a mere measure for securing banquets or also for the purpose of widening the edge, walkways or traffic routes. At higher banquets, e.g. in connection with widening of the border, the device 1 enables, for example, a multi-layer installation as shown in FIG. 3. For further illustration, a device 1 is shown schematically in perspective view on a banquet on a slope in FIG. 4.

The device 1 comprises an angular support grid 2 with a front side 21, normally a horizontal bottom part 22 and guy hooks 6, a grid insert 7 and vertical holding elements 3 going through the bottom parts 22 of the support grid 2, which are retained with pulling elements 4 if required geomechanically. An additional fixation 5 against horizontal displacement between support grid 2 and vertical support element 4 is possible, but not required in the standard case. The support grid 2 is filled with coarse-grained bulk material 8 which, together with the vertical support elements 3 and optionally with tension elements 4, makes up the entire device 1. Vertical displacements of the support grid 2 with respect to the vertical holding element 3 are possible, so that no critical additional loads are transmitted to the holding element 3, particularly in the case of subsidence.

The construction is carried out from a flat surface 9, the width of which corresponds at least to the support width of the support grid 2. Behind it, the steepest possible excavation slope 10 is created. The vertical holding elements 3 are introduced either from the original slope 11 or only from the level 9 and protrude far beyond the level 9 in order to ensure their sufficient embedding in the filling material 8. In the case of single-layer banquets, for example according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the oblique tension elements 4 are displaced from only a small excavation 2 from a small excavation which extends below the level 9. In the case of multilayer banquets, for example according to FIG. 3, the tension element 4 is also installed higher from the excavation embankment 10.

The support grid 2 generally consists of a corrosion-protected steel grid and is essentially L-shaped. ig formed with an inclination of the front 21 to the bottom part 22, which is approximately 60 ° to 90 °. The flat geocompatible product 7 is, for example, a geotextile insert or a geogrid and has the purpose of retaining the filling material 8. The opening widths of the geocompatible product 7 are matched to the grain diameter of the filling material 8. Since in general coarse filler material 8 (gravel, rubble) is installed and the holding elements are at a large distance from one another in relation to their diameter, the device 1 as a whole is permeable, so that water flowing in from the railway or road body as with a normal embankment can flow freely. In contrast to dense banquets, there is no damming and no concentrated drainage from openings etc.

The vertical holding elements 3 can consist of rammed steel profiles such as, for example, double-T profiles, rail profiles, tubes, rods and the like, or also of concrete or wooden profiles with a round or angular design, as described in more detail below in connection with FIGS. 7a to 7g is described. For example, the holding elements 3 can be rammed in or can also be moved into predrilled holes. For additional consolidation and stabilization, additional mortar is indicated for pipes (rammed or drilled) and for rod profiles set in pre-drilled holes.

The inclined tension elements 4 are installed as required by earth mechanics. These tension elements 4 can consist, for example, of rammed and pretensioned rod or cable anchors, or of rammed or staggered or mostly drilled-in pipe and rod anchors, or rope anchors, which are generally staggered in and drilled-in holes, as is the case is further described below in connection with Figures 8a to 8g. Combinations of these with pipe anchors are also possible.

Fixations between the bottom part 22 of the support grid 2 and the vertical holding elements 3 are necessary in particular in the case of poor filling material 8 and / or high horizontal pressure forces acting on the support grid 2 and backfilling 8 from behind. Such fixations, generally designated 5, are, for example, pressure elements such as the wedge-shaped element shown schematically in FIGS. 5a and 5b, which fixes the vertical holding element 3 by clamping action on the support grid 2, or, for example, brackets subjected to tension such as the one shown schematically in FIGS. 6a and 6b U-shaped element which encloses the vertical holding element 3 and is fixed to the support grid 2 with a fastening nut.

FIGS. 7a to 7g schematically show examples of cross sections of a vertical holding element 3: Such a cross section is, for example, H-shaped in FIG. 7a, shaped like a railroad track in FIG. 7b, ring-shaped like a pipe in FIG. 7c, in Fig. 7d circular as in a rod, in Fig. 7e square as in a prism, in Fig. 7f again ring-shaped as in a pipe and additionally provided with mortar filling and coating, in Fig. 7g again circular as in a rod and additionally provided with a mortar coating, a combination of designs according to FIGS. 7f and 7g is also possible and the design according to FIG. 7f can be used as an outer casing or infiltration tube.

FIGS. 8a to 8g schematically show examples of cross sections of an oblique tension element 4: Such a cross section is, for example, circular in FIG. 8a as in the case of a rod, in FIG. 8b consisting of several circular sections as in the case of a wire rope in FIG. 8c ring-shaped like a pipe, in Fig. 8d (in a schematic representation) consisting of a rammable tie rod with rod or cable pull and transverse anchor point pulling or tensioning, in Fig. 8e again circular as with a rod and additionally provided with mortar coating , in Fig. 8f again from several circular sections standing like a wire rope and additionally provided with mortar covering, in Fig. 8g again ring-shaped like a pipe and additionally provided with mortar filling and covering, again a combination of the design according to Fig. 8e or Fig. 8f with the design according to Fig. 8g is possible and the design according to Fig. 8g can be used as an outer cladding or infiltration tube.

List of reference numbers

1 holding device

2 angular support grid

3 Vertical holding element

4 tension element (optional)

5 fixing element (optional)

6 guy hooks to angled support grid

7 geocompatible make (geotextile insert, geogrid)

8 bulk material

9 formation

10 steep excavation slopes

11 unstable slopes

12 sliding surface for slipping problems

21 Front of the support grid

22 bottom part of the support grid

Claims

claims

1.Device for securing unstable banquets during the construction of, in particular, railways, roads and paths, with supporting grids (2) placed on the ground, lined up alongside one another and filled with bulk material (8), each of which is open and angled with a front side (21) and one normally horizontal bottom part (22) and at least on the front clad with a flat geocompatible make (7), characterized by essentially vertical holding elements (3) driven into the ground, each of which, at a distance from the front sides (21), goes through a bottom part (22) of a support grid (2) and fixes it in the ground.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the holding elements (3) are additionally fixed by oblique pull elements (4) driven into the ground.

3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the holding elements (3) and / or the tension elements (4) are introduced into the ground by ramming and / or drilling.

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a plurality of support grids (2) are arranged one above the other, the bottom parts (22) of which are fixed by one or more common holding elements (3).

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a plurality of support grids (2) are arranged one above the other, the associated common holding elements (3) are fixed by common tension elements (4).

6. A method for creating a secure banquet in the construction of railways, roads and paths, with at least one device according to claim 1, characterized by the following method steps: a) creating a formation; bl) driving a plurality of lined-up holding elements essentially vertically into the subsurface of the formation until only an upper end region of the holding element projects above the formation in a stalk; cl) placing a plurality of lined-up support grids on the bottom side on the formation and at a distance from their front sides through the base parts thereof on the troughs of the holding elements which project beyond the formation; d) cladding the support grids at least on the front with a flat geocompatible product; and e) filling the clad support grids with bulk material.

7. A method for creating a secure banquet in the construction of railways, roads and paths in particular, with at least one device according to claim 1, characterized by the following method steps: a) creating a formation; b2) placing a plurality of lined-up support grids on the bottom on the formation; c2) driving a plurality of lined-up holding elements essentially vertically through the bottom parts of supporting grids at a distance from their front sides into the subsoil of the formation until only an upper end region of the holding element projects beyond the formation in a streak-like manner; d) cladding the support grids at least on the front with a flat geocompatible product; and e) filling the clad support grids with bulk material.

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that between the method steps b) and c) a plurality of tension elements corresponding to the holding elements are driven obliquely into the subsurface of the formation and then a holding element is fixed to a tension element.

9. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that at least two layers of support grids fixed by the vertical holding elements are arranged one above the other.