EP0981673B1 - Device for stabilising an unstable shoulder in railway and road construction and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The inventive device is provided with angular support grids (2), said support grids being placed next to each other on the ground. The front faces of said support grids are covered with a geocompatible manufactured material (7), filled with bulk material (8) and fixed in the ground by means of vertical sustaining elements (3). Said sustaining elements (3) are driven into the ground at a set distance from the front faces (21) of the support grids (2), through the base parts of said support grids (2), by means of pile-driving and/or boring and optionally, are fixed by oblique tension elements (4) which are driven into the ground at an angle. It is possible to fix several support grids (2) arranged on top of each other with the same sustaining elements (3) or tension elements (4). Once a formation has been created, sustaining elements are driven into the ground until only the shanks are left protruding. The support grids are then placed on said shanks. Alternatively, support grids are placed on the formation and sustaining elements are then driven through the base parts of said support grids, into the ground until only the shanks are left protruding. The front faces of the support grids are covered with a geocompatible manufactured material and filled with bulk material (8). The tension elements which correspond to the sustaining elements can be driven into the ground at an angle and fixed.

Description

The invention relates to a device for securing unstable banquets when building railways, streets in particular and ways, along with laid on the ground lined up and filled with bulk material Support grids, each open and angular with a Front and a normally horizontal bottom part trained and at least on the front with a flat geocompatible make are lined.

The invention also relates to a method for creating a device of the type mentioned.

The device according to the invention and the one according to the invention For example, procedures are used to secure unstable Banquets in railway, road and path construction, in the construction of On the side on slopes, and / or to stabilize Shoulders of train and street bodies in slip zones.

A device of the type mentioned is out EP-B-0197000 and / or CH-A-666510 known. At least front clad with geocompatible make and then Backfilled support grids are on a respective formation put on and then also with the help of reinforcement geocompatible make essentially by the weight of the fixed on top of it.

DE-3912710 is the fastening of wall elements an essentially vertical retaining wall one on one Flat fill applied to prevent it from slipping sideways the retaining wall known. On the pre-embankment located planum are support piles in rows in predetermined Distances introduced into the soil. The one from the level Wall elements reaching to the surface of the fill are attached to the support piles and to this Purpose with appropriate cavities for receiving the support piles Mistake. The structural elements of the retaining wall exist this has a certain horizontal flexibility on the toothed Gaps between the wall elements to prevent cracks and breaks avoid that due to the ground movements in a rigid continuous retaining wall of the same wall thickness would occur. To reinforce the retaining wall against the bending of the Support piles at the transition point between the subgrade and the wall elements are in the fill i.e. above the Planums brought back, of which the one at attack the support piles and the others on the wall elements, and that as mesh-like reinforcement elements from geocompatible Brand are trained. To reinforce the Retaining wall against slipping sideways are also the Support piles below the formation with ground nails in the below the soil located diagonally backwards anchored.

The disadvantage of these two known types of Devices that they have a fixation in the fill i.e. above the formation by means of inlaid fillings Reinforcement inserts from a geocompatible brand are required. Such a fixation above the formation is sufficient for a stable one Underground and low loads, but keeps with Construction of railways, roads and paths for the higher ones alone Weight and the higher load (especially taking into account the often critical slope stability) mostly did not stand.

At all without reinforcement from a geocompatible brand are narrow grids from EP-B-0197000 and / or CH-A-666510 known type only in very favorable underground conditions stable, and such favorable conditions lie in the most cases where banquet security is required at all is not before.

The retaining wall known from DE-3912710 is sufficient a certain height of the retaining wall the bending stiffness of the Support piles at the transition point between the subgrade and the wall elements not to make the retaining wall stable to keep, and then the required rear-hangings of the Retaining walls are complex.

While a vertical flexibility of the retaining wall over longer distances is desired to allow the retaining wall to follow large-scale terrain movements that otherwise would Excessive strain and thus could lead to damage the local horizontal flexibility of that known from DE-3912710 Retaining wall for all joints between the wall elements actually undesirable and only to be regarded as a minor evil, to avoid this in the device according to DE-3912710 of cracks and breaks in the brittle wall elements is taken.

It is also in the retaining wall known from DE-3912710 indispensable, first the holding elements in the underground of the formation and only then the wall elements to put on the support piles because it is not without great Risk of damage is possible through the wall elements to drill, ram, drive the support piles and otherwise work. As a result, it is necessary to take the turn of support piles with sufficient dimensional accuracy of their position to bring into the subsoil of the formation to the wall elements to be able to put on it.

The object of the invention is a device of the beginning to create the kind with which the mentioned Disadvantages can be overcome.

In particular, there should be no fixation in the fill inserted rear hooks are required. During construction of railways, roads and paths and especially with the Creation of banquets next to tracks that are in operation there is usually a lack of space for installing such reinforcement inserts from geocompatible make, because digging are only allowed on the edge and very limited and the Do not insert rear hooks over a sufficient length to let.

Also intended in particular to secure unstable banquets in railway, road and path construction, when building border paths in Slopes, and / or to stabilize the shoulders of Railway and street bodies in slip zones, the side closure the fill because of the high weight and the high load considering the often critical Slope stability not local flexibility, just have flexibility over longer distances.

This task is the beginning of a device mentioned type solved by the combination specified in claim 1 of characteristics.

The invention also relates to an alternative equivalent ways executable procedure for creating secured Banquets during the construction of railways, streets in particular and ways.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are in the dependent Claims specified.

In the device according to the invention, the open, angular, placed on the formation and alongside lined up support grid together with their backfill inherently stable with heavy bulk material.

The holding elements of the device according to the invention cause the filled support grids to be fixed in the ground under the formation by dowelling and relocking and thus prevent an outward slipping the support grid on the formation.

The support grid of the device according to the invention can on the holding elements only by simple lateral Contact be fixed and therefore do not need rigid with them to be connected, but they can attach to it in vertical Be displaceable in the direction. Also additional fixing elements only need the lateral (horizontal), but not the vertical Shift between support grid and holding element too prevent. This is how they are strung together Support grille on the row of holding element one stems Kind of head beam, which, like the supporting grille itself, has a slight has local flexibility. From the vertical displaceability the support grid on the holding elements results however, flexibility of the structure is essentially vertical Direction over longer distances, which allows this to follow large-scale terrain movements. Same thing For this reason, the holding elements do not provide any support piles Vertical loads from the support grids.

Therefore, the dimensional accuracy of the position of the holding elements plays in either direction (lengthways, crossways or vertically) one decisive role. The holding elements can be on more or be embedded anywhere in the bulk body, which in turn involves the use of very simple and inexpensive Holding elements, such as rammed elements allowed. The holding elements can also be placed in front of or at will after placing the support grid on the formation without any special Dimensionally driven into the subsoil of the formation become.

Included in the context of the present invention the term "flat geocompatible product" not only geocompatible textile products in the strict sense, but also their geocompatible, possibly non-textile equivalents such as for example grids, membranes or honeycomb structures, in particular also metal nets.

Included in the context of the present invention the term "vertical holding element" different types of for example by ramming or drilling into the ground insertable profiles made of steel, concrete or wood, piles and their equivalents, such as railroad parts, in Normally without, but if necessary also with additional mortar.

The term "tension element" includes different types of tension piles that can be inserted into the ground by ramming or drilling or tie rods, optionally with or without preload, optionally with or without mortar.

The device according to the invention thus essentially exists from open, angular, longitudinally arranged Support grids, a flat geocompatible product and bulk material held therein, if necessary in several Documents. The support grids are fixed in the construction recessed, more or less vertical into the underground, preferably rammed or drilled holding elements that optionally and depending on the geomechanical requirements with the help of oblique rammed into the ground or drilled tension elements can be retained.

The device according to the invention with the vertical Holding elements allowed by embedding them in the bulk material the exact adjustment of the support grid in the longitudinal and transverse directions regardless of the dimensional accuracy of the position of the vertical Retaining elements. Thus, the position of the vertical Holding elements depending on the procedure for their laying as well vary due to the properties of the surface without interfere with the adjustment of the support grids - thanks to the Invention is a high degree of dimensional accuracy in the placement the vertical holding elements are not required.

As a result, you can move the vertical Holding elements, simple ways of working without great precision such as simple driving methods. The tolerance for the placement of the vertical holding elements reached across and along the direction of the banquet security with the invention easily about ± 10 cm, while conventional Working methods the tolerance is about ten times lower, which excludes different simple relocation procedures. thanks The invention can support grids and holding elements with large Tolerance placed and dimensioned independently be what the execution of the construction project an extraordinary gives favorable flexibility. In particular enables the invention, the holding elements at any intervals to be arranged to meet the respective geomechanical requirements can be customized without making any changes to require the arrangement of the support grid.

The device according to the invention ensures vertically movable attachment of the support grille, what this allowed to sit down without clinging to the holding elements jam or "hang up" and put considerable strain on them.

In addition, the device according to the invention allows so far required the support grid after moving using Tension or pressure elements against horizontal slipping secure against the holding elements.

The process aims to have banquets on the one hand simple, quickly displaceable and mountable elements secure, on the other hand bulk material, in particular also reused Material such as old gravel, broken concrete rubble etc. to use and as a supporting component of the Insert support grid. The bulk material is not just a filler or a backfill, it serves for stiffening the support grid and for embedding the vertical Holding element and thus becomes a static contributor Building material.

The device according to the invention and the The inventive method has the advantage that the support elements are easy to fill.

Fig. 1

einen schematisch dargestellten Querschnitt durch eine Bankettsicherung mit einer erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung im Bahnbau;

Fig. 2

einen schematisch dargestellten Querschnitt durch eine Bankettsicherung mit einer erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung im Strassen- und Wegebau;

Fig. 3

einen schematisch dargestellten Querschnitt durch eine Bankettsicherung oder Schulterverbreiterung mit mehreren übereinander eingebauten Lagen von Stützgittern der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung;

Fig. 4

eine schematisch dargestellte perspektivische Ansicht der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung;

Fig. 5a

eine schematisch dargestellte perspektivische Ansicht einer ersten Ausbildung einer Fixierung eines vertikalen Halteelementes an ein Stützgitter der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung;

Fig. 5b

eine schematisch dargestellte Seitenansicht der in Fig. 5a gezeigten Ausbildung der Fixierung;

Fig. 6a

eine schematisch dargestellte perspektivische Ansicht einer zweiten Ausbildung einer Fixierung eines vertikalen Halteelementes an ein Stützgitter der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung;

Fig. 6b

eine schematisch dargestellte Seitenansicht der in Fig. 6a gezeigten Ausbildung der Fixierung;

Fig. 7a bis 7g

jeweils im Querschnitt schematisch dargestellte Ausbildungen von vertikalen Halteelementen einer erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung; und

Fig. 8a bis 8g

jeweils im Querschnitt schematisch dargestellte Ausbildungen von schrägen Zugelementen einer erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung.

Training examples of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings, elements and parts corresponding to one another being provided with the same designations in all the figures. Show it:

Fig. 1

a schematically illustrated cross section through a banquet security with an inventive device in railway construction;

Fig. 2

a schematically illustrated cross section through a banquet security with an inventive device in road and path construction;

Fig. 3

a schematically illustrated cross section through a banquet securing or shoulder widening with several layers of support grids of the device according to the invention installed one above the other;

Fig. 4

a schematically illustrated perspective view of the device according to the invention;

Fig. 5a

a schematically illustrated perspective view of a first embodiment of a fixation of a vertical holding element to a support grid of the device according to the invention;

Fig. 5b

a schematically illustrated side view of the design of the fixation shown in Fig. 5a;

Fig. 6a

a schematically illustrated perspective view of a second embodiment of a fixation of a vertical holding element to a support grid of the inventive device;

Fig. 6b

a schematically illustrated side view of the design of the fixation shown in Fig. 6a;

7a to 7g

Formations of vertical holding elements of a device according to the invention, each shown schematically in cross section; and

8a to 8g

In each case schematically shown cross-sectional designs of oblique tension elements of a device according to the invention.

1 to 3, an overall designated 1 Device for securing unstable banquets on slopes 11 shown. With the device 1 can also deeper Sliding surfaces 12 are stabilized.

The device 1 can, for example, in railway construction as in Fig. 1 shown, or in road and path construction for example as shown in Fig. 2, as a pure measure of the banquet security or also for the purpose of a border, walking or Widening of traffic routes can be used. At higher banquets, e.g. in connection with widening of the border the device 1, for example, as shown in FIG. 3 a multi-layer installation. For further illustration 4 is a device 1 in perspective Schematic view of a banquet on a slope.

The device 1 comprises an angular support grid 2 with front 21, usually horizontal bottom part 22 and guy hooks 6, a lattice insert 7 and through floor parts 22 the support grid 2 going vertical holding elements 3, which, if required geomechanically, is retained with tension elements 4 become. An additional fixation 5 against horizontal Moving between support grid 2 and vertical Support element 4 is possible, but is not required in the standard case. The support grid 2 is with coarse-grained bulk material 8 filled, together with the vertical support elements 3 and optionally the entire device with tension elements 4 1 matters. Vertical displacements of the support grid 2 compared to the vertical holding element 3 are possible so that there are no critical additional loads, especially when settling be transferred to the holding element 3.

The construction is carried out from a planum 9, which in its Width at least correspond to the support width of the support grid 2 got to. Behind it is as steep a slope as possible 10 created. The vertical holding elements 3 are either from the original embankment 11 or only from Planum 9 introduced and protrude sufficiently far above that Planum 9 addition, to their sufficient embedding in the filling material 8 to ensure. The oblique tension elements 4 are in the case of single-layer banquets, for example according to FIGS. 1 and 2 with only one support grid 2 from a small excavation, the extends below the level 9, offset below this. at 3-layer banquets, for example, according to FIG. 3 Traction element 4 also installed higher from the excavation slope 10.

The support grid 2 generally consists of a corrosion-protected Steel mesh and is essentially L-shaped formed with an inclination of the front 21 to the bottom part 22, which is approximately 60 ° to 90 °. The flat geocompatible Make 7 is, for example, a geotextile insert or a geogrid and has the purpose of retaining the filling material 8. The opening widths of the geocompatible brand 7 are matched to the grain diameter of the filling material 8. Since generally coarse filling material 8 (gravel, Rubble) is installed and the holding elements with each other have a large distance in relation to their diameter, the device 1 as a whole is permeable, so that water flowing in from the train or road body such as can flow freely in a normal slope. It In contrast to dense banquets, there is no jamming and no concentrated drain from openings etc.

The vertical holding elements 3 can be rammed out Steel profiles such as double T profiles, rail profiles, Pipes, rods and the like, or also from concrete or wooden profiles with round or square training, as described below in connection with FIGS. 7a to 7g is described in more detail. For example, the holding elements 3 rammed in or pre-drilled holes be transferred. For additional consolidation and stabilization is in pipes (rammed or drilled) and in an additional rod profile placed in pre-drilled holes Mortar displayed.

The oblique tension elements 4 are required as geomechanically built-in. These tension elements can exist 4 for example from rammed and pre-tensioned by pulling Rod or rope anchors, or from rammed or in pre-drilled holes and mostly mortared pipe and rod anchors, or still rope anchors, which in general are placed in pre-drilled holes and mortared, such as it further below in connection with Figures 8a to 8g is described in more detail. Combinations of these are also possible with pipe anchors.

Fixations between the bottom part 22 of the support grid 2 and the vertical holding elements 3 are in particular at poor filling material 8 and / or high from behind Support grid 2 and backfill 8 acting horizontal pressure forces required. Such fixations, generally designated 5 are, for example, pressure elements such as that in Fig. 5a and 5b schematically shown wedge-shaped element, which the vertical holding element 3 by clamping action on Support grid 2 fixed, or for example stressed on train Brackets like that in Fig. 6a and 6b schematically shown U-shaped element, which is the vertical holding element 3 encloses and with a fastening nut on Support grid 2 is fixed.

Examples of cross sections are shown in FIGS. 7a to 7g of a vertical holding element 3 is shown schematically: Such a cross section is for example in Fig. 7a H-shaped, shaped in Fig. 7b like a railroad track, in Fig. 7c ring-like as a tube, in Fig. 7d circular as in a rod, in Fig. 7e square as in one Prism, in Fig. 7f again ring like a tube and additionally with mortar filling and coating, in Fig. 7g again circular as in a rod and in addition provided with mortar coating, whereby also a combination of Formations according to FIGS. 7f and 7g is possible and the 7f as an outer jacket or infiltration tube is usable.

Examples of cross sections are shown in FIGS. 8a to 8g of an oblique tension element 4 shown schematically: Such a cross section is circular, for example in FIG. 8a like a rod, in Fig. 8b from several circular Sub-areas consisting as in a wire rope, in Fig. 8c ring-shaped like a tube, in Fig. 8d (in schematic Representation) from a rammable tie rod with rod or Cable pull and transverse with pulling or bracing Anchor tip consisting, in Fig. 8e again circular as in a rod and additionally covered with mortar, in Fig. 8f in turn consisting of several circular sections like a wire rope and additionally with a mortar coating provided, in Fig. 8g again in the form of a ring Pipe and additionally with mortar filling and coating provided, again a combination of training 8e and 8f with the configuration according to FIG. 8g is possible and the training according to Fig. 8g as an outer Envelope or infiltration tube can be used.

List of reference numbers

1

holder

2

Angular support grid

3

Vertical holding element

4

Traction element (optional)

5

Fixing element (optional)

6

Guy hooks to angled support grid

7

geocompatible product (geotextile insert, geogrid)

8th

bulk material

9

Planum

10

steep excavation slope

11

unstable embankment

12

Sliding surface for slipping problems

21

Front of the support grid

22

Bottom part of the support grid

Claims (9)

1. A device for securing instable verges in the construction, more particularly of railway tracks, motorway lanes and roads, comprising supporting cages (2) filled with bulk material (8), arranged side by side onto the foundation with adjacent longer sides, each being of open and angulated construction having a front side (21) and a normally horizontal base portion (22), and being lined at least at the front with a geocompatible fabric (7) having an extended planar surface,
      characterized by
   substantially vertical holding elements (3) driven into the foundation and each of which passes through a base portion (22) of a supporting cage (2) to fasten the latter to the foundation at a distance from the front sides (21).
2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the holding elements (3) are additionally fastened by means of slanting pulling elements (4) driven into the foundation.
3. A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the holding elements (3) and/or the pulling elements (4) are driven into the foundation by ramming and/or boring.
4. A device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that several supporting cages (2) are arranged on top of each other, their base portions (22) being fastened by means of one or more common holding elements (3).
5. A device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that several supporting cages (2) are arranged on top of each other, their assigned common holding elements (3) being fastened by means of common pulling elements (4).
6. A method of building a secured verge comprising at least one device according to claim 1 in the construction, more particularly of railway tracks, motorway lanes and roads,
   characterized by the following method steps:

   a) constructing a formation level;

   b1) driving a plurality of holding elements arranged in rows substantially vertically into the foundation of the formation level each time until only an upper terminal portion of the holding element juts out as a stub above the formation level;

   c1) arranging, upon the holding element stubs that jut out above the formation level, a plurality of supporting cages side by side with their base portion resting on the formation level and said stubs passing through their base portion at a distance from their front sides;

   d) lining the supporting cages at least at the front with a geocompatible fabric having an extended planar surface; and

   e) filling the lined supporting cages with bulk material.
7. A method of building a secured verge comprising at least one device according to claim 1 in the construction, more particularly of railway tracks, motorway lanes and roads, characterized by the following method steps:

   a) constructing a formation level;

   b2) arranging a plurality of supporting cages side by side with their base portion resting on the formation level;

   c2) driving substantially vertically into the foundation of the formation level a plurality of holding elements arranged in rows and passing through base portions of supporting cages at a distance from the front sides of the latter, each time until only an upper terminal portion of the holding element juts out as a stub above the formation level;

   d) lining the supporting cages at least at the front with a geocompatible fabric having an extended planar surface; and

   e) filling the lined supporting cages with bulk material.
8. A method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that between the method steps b) and c) a plurality of pulling elements corresponding to the holding elements are driven slant into the foundation of the formation level and thereafter the holding elements are each fastened to a pulling element.
9. A method according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that at least two layers of supporting cages that are fastened by means of the vertical holding elements are arranged on top of each other.

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