EP3112537B1 - Water-permeable support structure - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a water-permeable support structure, in particular for supports of railway lines and for terracing and terrains.

In railway, road and road construction, terracing in horticulture, terracing, etc. support structures are often required, for example, to secure banquets, embankments, slopes or sidewalks to stabilize, etc. From the prior art are different variants of stabilizing support structures and banquet fuses known. For terrain jumps, for example, angle retaining walls or heavyweight walls can be used. However, this type of support structure requires a lot of effort in terms of excavation and foundations. For the production of relatively large foundations heavy formwork elements must be transported, and it is usually required heavy equipment for its creation. Because of the large foundations and the required amounts of concrete angle support walls and heavy weight walls are relatively expensive and expensive to manufacture.

For ballast bed widening and for the creation of edge paths in rail tracks are from the prior art, for example, from the document AT500752A4 Support structures known with supporting cheeks, which are fixed by means of vertically driven into the ground or concreted micropiles or injection lances on a slope. In addition to the vertical micropiles, horizontal or inclined return anchors may be provided to provide the support structure with the required stability and to avoid or at least reduce emigration that may occur as a result of shock during on-line operation. The support cheeks usually consist of concrete slabs, which are supported on mounted on the vertical micropiles near the ground clamps. The space between the embankment and the supporting cheeks is filled with a filling material, for example with soil that has been removed from the surroundings of the embankment, on which then the new edge path can be created. Such support structures with micropiles, back anchors and support cheeks require significantly less effort in terms of excavation. Foundations can usually be dispensed with altogether. Indeed These support structures require the transport and manipulation of prefabricated concrete elements which form the support cheeks. These must also be specially designed, in particular laterally have a special toothing so that they can be joined together to form a continuous support structure. The distances of the micropiles from each other must be maintained very accurately, so that the prefabricated in a predetermined length support cheeks can be mounted on it. It is immediately obvious that the required accuracy of the spacing of the micropiles requires a considerable, increased effort for setting them.

There is therefore the desire for a support structure that is easier and can be created without extensive preparation. The support structure should have a high stability, be largely insensitive to vibrations and have the required water permeability. In addition, the design of the support structure should allow it to follow the course of the terrain easily, without the need for complex terrain straightening and Bodenabtragarbeiten are required.

The solution of these and other objects is a water-permeable support structure having the features cited in claim 1. Further developments and / or advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

The invention proposes a water-permeable supporting construction, in particular for embankment stabilization, in railway, road and road construction, as well as for terracing and landscaping, which are an arrangement of micropiles which are anchored to each other in a horizontal distance from each other in the ground, and a böschungsseitig the micropiles mounted areal retainer, which bridges the areas between the micropiles and is supported on near the ground on mounts mounted on the micropiles includes. Each micropile is embedded at a transition from subsurface to surface in a concrete seal surrounding the micropillar on all sides, an extension of 15 cm to 50 cm, preferably 20 cm to 40 cm measured in the direction of the embankment, and a depth measured in the longitudinal direction of the micropile from 25 cm to 35 cm, preferably 30 cm.

Micropiles in the context of the present invention are piles of variable diameter up to about 200 mm. They are used as pressure piles and as tension piles for the introduction of loads into the subsoil or ground. The length of the micropiles depends on the ground properties. The micropiles are driven into the ground or drilled and injected there, for example, with cement mortar and post-pressed. They introduce the loads into the ground by means of skin friction. For example, as micropiles, steel profiles of different geometries, such as e.g. Railroad tracks, HEB beams or wide flange beams, pipes, etc. are used. As steel grades, for example, S235, S355, B500, S670, etc. are used. The drilling diameter for the micropiles depends primarily on the nature of the substrate, the static requirements and the corrosion protection regulations that must be fulfilled for the supporting structure. The injection material is based on cement and may have additives as corrosion protection.

By the micro piles are embedded in a concrete seal at the transition from the substrate to the surface, the stability of the micropiles can be further improved. The space between the planar restraint device and the embankment is filled with a filling material, for example with old ballast or stones. Due to the pressure of the filling material on the concrete seals, the micropiles can be fixed in their setting position. As a result, the entire support structure is stabilized and can be counteracted emigration. In this case, a size of the concrete seal with a measured in the direction of the slope extent of 15 cm to 50 cm, preferably from 20 cm to 40 cm, and a measured in the longitudinal direction of the micropore depth of 25 cm to 35 cm, preferably 30 cm, as sufficient. The concrete seal may be formed approximately circular or substantially oval.

An embodiment of the invention may provide that the micropillar is asymmetrically embedded in the concrete seal. This means that a section of the concrete seal which extends from an outer wall of the micropillar in the direction of the embankment is longer than a section of the concrete seal extending in the opposite direction. Decisive for the additional stabilization of the micro pile is only the portion of the concrete seal extending in the direction of the slope, which is covered by the filling material which exerts the pressure.

In a further embodiment of the invention can be provided that each support for the planar retaining device is at least partially embedded in a concrete seal. As a result, the supports mounted on the associated micropiles can be fixed in the vertical direction. Even if the attachment of a support on the associated micro pile, for example, as a result of excessive vibration, should solve, the location of the support remains unchanged. This applies to the vertical position of the support as well as its spatial orientation with respect to the micropile.

In one embodiment variant of the water-permeable support structure, each support can have a clamp-like attachment section for fastening the support to its associated micropile. The mounting of the support on the micro pile is then done simply by fixing the micro pile embracing arms of the mounting portion and by tightening a clamping screw. The support portion connected to the clamp-like attachment portion may, for example, have a socket-like portion. Alternatively, the support portion may for example be formed as an upwardly open, U-shaped receiving portion for the planar retention device.

In one embodiment of the support structure, the planar restraint device may comprise a wire mesh. Wire lattices are lately, for example, as baskets for receiving gravel and rock, which has a grain size that is greater than the mesh size of the wire mesh used. Wire mesh ensure the desired water permeability in any case.

A variant of the support structure may provide that the wire mesh is connected to a frame structure, which is supported on the supports and fixed to the micropiles. The frame construction adds stability to the support structure and allows for a less massive wireframe construction.

In a further embodiment variant of the invention, the wire mesh can be present as a roll material and can be cut to length on site and mounted on the frame construction. For example For example, the wire mesh can be formed as a wave mesh with a wire thickness of about 3 mm and a mesh width of about 30 mm × 30 mm.

In an alternative embodiment variant of the invention, the wire mesh can be present in cut-to-length sections which can be mounted on the frame construction on site. In such an embodiment, for example, special grating with a wire thickness of about 5 mm can be used. These can have a mesh size of about 30 mm x 100 mm. In the assembled state, the longer dimension of the mesh can usually be aligned vertically.

Finally, in a further embodiment variant of the support structure, the wire grid and the frame construction can even be designed as prefabricated, assembled units which can be mounted on the micropiles on site and can be connected to one another.

A variant of the support structure may provide that the wire mesh has a mesh size whose smallest dimension is 25 mm to 31 mm, preferably 30 mm. The smallest dimension of the mesh size defines the minimum grain size of the filled in the space between the wire mesh and the embankment filling material, such as old ballast, which usually has a grain size of at least 32 mm.

In a further embodiment variant of the support structure according to the invention, the frame construction can be composed of hollow rectangular tube profiles. Hollow rectangular tube profiles are available in different cross sections. The frame construction can therefore be designed for the expected load. The frame construction can be modular and have, for example, frame modules of 40 cm, 60 cm and 80 cm in height. The hollow rectangular tube profiles can be very easily connected to each other with plug-in rails. By providing the connector rails serving as connectors with different angles, the frame structures attached to the micropiles can be easily assembled and formed in accordance with the terrain. In railway applications, for example, a fattening foundation can be easily bypassed to allow free access. The Serving as a connector plug-in rails can be angled at an angle of up to 90 ° and thereby allow the construction of a frame construction, which consists of at an angle of 90 ° to each other arranged modules. Plug connectors, for example, can be used as connectors, which have variable offset angles. In one embodiment, for example, plug-in rails can be used which have an angle of 0 °, 15 °, 30 °, 45 ° and 90 °.

In one embodiment variant of the invention, the micropiles of the support structure can have a horizontal spacing from one another, which is approximately 1 m to 3 m, preferably approximately 2 m to 2.5 m. The distance of the micropiles depends on the nature of the substrate, the desired shape, geometry and height of the support structure and the static requirements of the support structure.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the micropiles with a horizontal plane in the ground, usually the concrete seal, enclose an angle of 60 ° to 90 °. The micropiles are inclined at angles smaller than 90 ° to the slope. The micropiles are primarily used to derive the applied vertical forces from the support structure in the underground. In addition, the micropiles can also absorb shear forces and thus increase the global stability of the embankment.

In a further embodiment variant of the support structure, the micropiles may be connected to at least one return anchors, which are inclined relative to a longitudinal extent of the micropiles by an angle of 5 ° to 45 °, preferably about 15 °, anchoring groundbreaking in the ground from the mountain side. In the volume area occupied by the filling material, each back anchor can be protected with a protective tube against mechanical damage. The return anchors can be designed as steel or plastic anchors, for example GRP rod anchors with different diameters. In particular, GRP rod anchors have high corrosion resistance, high tensile strength, low weight and easy bendability. Moreover, they are relatively easy to move. The bore diameter and the diameter of the return anchor are based on the static requirements of the substrate and the respective corrosion protection regulations. The Rückanker can, for example, as Rope anchors may be formed, which may be formed in untreated, galvanized, or stainless, and which may each be arranged in a protective tube. Each return anchor may be connected to an associated micropile. For example, the connection may be formed as a cable loop around a micropile. The return anchors are primarily used to initiate the applied horizontal forces on the support structure in the underground. In addition, the return anchors also increase the global slope stability of the subsoil.

In one embodiment variant of the support structure, the return anchors arranged on the micropiles may have a horizontal distance from each other which is 1 m to 3 m, preferably about 2 m to 2.5 m.

Depending on the vertical height of the support structure, no, one, two or more layers of return anchors may be arranged. The layers of back anchors may have a vertical spacing of 0.4 m to 1 m, preferably about 0.6 m. Up to a height of the support structure of less than 0.8 m, usually no back anchors are required. It may be sufficient to place a sufficiently large number of micropiles at a relatively small distance from one another, for example about 1 m. With a vertical height of the support structure of up to 2 m, one or two vertically stacked layers of back anchors may be arranged. The return anchors of the various layers are preferably arranged exactly above one another. The retaining device for the filling material, in particular the frame construction and the wire mesh can also be modular in order to achieve the required height. In this case, frame elements with predetermined dimensions can be arranged one above the other. The same applies to the wire mesh. The total height of the water-permeable support device is a maximum of 2 m; usual is a height of 1 m.

A further embodiment of the invention may finally provide that a free end of each micro pile can be covered with a cap-like plug-in attachment, which has a clip-like extension for fixing the planar retention device. The cap-like plug-in facilitates the installation of the support structure by the retention device can be automatically fixed when placed.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht auf eine Sichtseite einer Stützkonstruktion gemäss der Erfindung; und

Fig. 2

einen Querschnitt eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels der Stützkonstruktion mit einem im Wesentlichen zu Fig. 1 analogen Aufbau.

Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of an exemplary embodiment of the support structure. It shows in a non-scale schematic representation:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of a visible side of a support structure according to the invention; and

Fig. 2

a cross-section of another embodiment of the support structure with a substantially to Fig. 1 analog structure.

A variant of a support structure according to the invention is in Fig. 1 and in Fig. 2 each provided with the reference numeral 1 in total. Such support structures 1 are used, for example, for supports in railway, road and road construction, as well as for terracing and landscaping. The support structure 1 comprises an array of micropiles 2, 2 ', 2 ", 2"', which are anchored at a horizontal distance a from each other in the subsurface U of an embankment B. The horizontal distance a of the micropiles 2 from each other is about 1 m to 3 m, typically about 2 m to 2.5 m. Usually, the horizontal distances a from adjacent micro piles 2, 2 'or 2', 2 "are approximately the same, but this is not a mandatory condition, depending on the terrain and on the geometry of the support structure 1, the distances a adjacent micro piles also The micropiles 2 are arranged substantially vertically to the ground, but they can also be inclined in the direction of the embankment B. The micropiles with a horizontal plane in the subsoil U can enclose an angle λ of up to 60 °.

The micropiles 2 are piles having a variable diameter of, for example, up to about 200 mm. They can be used as pressure piles and as tension piles for the introduction of loads into the subsoil or ground. The micropiles 2 have an axial length, which depends on the ground properties. The micropiles 2 are rammed or drilled into the ground and there, for example, with cement mortar ausinjiziert and post-pressed. They introduce the loads into the ground by means of skin friction. For example, as micropiles steel profiles of different geometries, such as railroad tracks, HEB beam or wide flange, pipes, etc., are used. As steel grades, for example, S235, S355, B500, S670, etc. are used. The bore diameter for the micropiles 2 depends primarily on the nature of the substrate, the static requirements and the corrosion protection regulations that must be met for the support structure 1. The injection material is based on cement and may have additives as corrosion protection.

A frame structure 3 bridges the spaces between the micropiles 2. The frame structure 3 may be composed, for example, of hollow rectangular tube profiles. Plug-in rails (not shown), for example, serve as connectors for the rectangular tube profiles. A wire mesh 4 is arranged on the bank side and connected to the frame construction. The wire mesh 4 may for example be a wave mesh with a wire thickness of about 3 mm and have a mesh size of about 30 mm x 30 mm. An alternative embodiment variant of the wire grid 4 may have a wire thickness of, for example, about 5 mm and a mesh width of about 30 mm × 100 mm. In this case, the greater length denotes the vertical dimension of the mesh of the wire grid 4. The combination of frame construction 3 and wire grid 4 forms a retaining device for a filling material 10 (FIG. Fig. 2 ), which is in the space between the support structure 1 and the embankment B. The filling material may be, for example, old gravel with a grain size of at least 32 mm. In conjunction with the minimum mesh size of the wire grid of about 30 mm, it is ensured that the filling material is retained by the wire mesh 4. The wire mesh 4 may be in the form of roll material and cut to the desired length on site before being joined to the frame structure 3. If the roll material does not have the correct height, it can also be corrected on site. Alternatively, the wire mesh 4 can also be present in already pre-stretched webs, which can be connected to the frame structure 3 on site. Finally, the frame construction 3 and the wire mesh 4 can also be present as already prefabricated units, which can be fastened jointly to the micropiles 2 on site.

The free end of each micropile 2 can, as in Fig. 1 shown, be covered with a cap-like plug-top 7. The cap-like plug-in attachment 7 can also with a bracket-like extension 71 (FIG. Fig. 2 ), which can serve to fix at least the frame construction.

The sectional view of the support structure in Fig. 2 shows that each micro pile 2 is embedded in a concrete seal 5. The concrete seal 5 may have an oval shape with a longest extension 1 in the direction of the slope B, which is about 15 cm to 50 cm, preferably 20 cm to 40 cm. A depth t of the concrete seal measured in the longitudinal direction of the micropillar 2 is about 25 cm to 35 cm, preferably about 30 cm. The micropillar 2 is arranged in the vicinity of the end of the concrete seal 5 remote from the embankment B, so that a section of the concrete seal 5 extending from the outer wall of the micropillar 2 in the direction of the embankment B is longer than a section of the concrete seal running in the opposite direction 5. The concrete seal the micro pile 2 is additionally stabilized in the underground U. The filled in the space between the support structure 1 and the embankment B filler presses on the longer portion of the concrete seal 5 and stabilizes the position of the micropillar 2 in addition.

Fig. 2 shows further that the frame structure 3 is supported on a support 6 which is connected to the associated micro pile 2. For example, the support 6 has a clamp-like fastening section 61 for this purpose. The clamp-like fastening portion 61 can be fixed about the micropillar 2 via a clamping screw 62. To the mounting portion 61 of the support includes a support portion 63, which may be formed like a socket in the illustrated embodiment. The support 6 is at least partially embedded in the concrete seal 5. As a result, it remains fixed in position, even if the clamping screw 62 should solve as a result of vibration.

The wire grid connected to the frame structure 3 is provided with the reference numeral 4. It may be connected in a manner not shown with the frame structure 3. For example, wire staples or wire loops are used. The cap-like plug-in attachment 7, which covers the free end of the micropillar 2, can be equipped with a clamp-like extension 71. When placing the cap-like plug attachment 7 on the micropillar an upper cross member 31 of the frame structure 3 is automatically fixed by the bracket-like extension 71. A lower crossbar 32 of the frame construction can also be fixed to the micropillar 2, for example with a clamp or a wire loop. In general, however, a separate fixation is not required, since the frame construction 3 is pressed together with the wire mesh 4 by the pressure of the filling material 10 against the micropiles and thereby fixed.

From a vertical height of 80 cm of the support structure 1, this can, as in Fig. 2 shown, even still have return anchors 8, which are anchored in the subsurface U of the slope B. The return anchors 8 are compared to a longitudinal extent of the micropiles 2 by an angle β of 5 ° to 45 °, preferably about 15 °, inclined and anchored by the embankment B groundbreaking in the underground U. The return anchors 8 are preferably arranged in the direct vicinity of the micropiles and connected to these, for example via a cable loop 81. In the volume range, which is taken by the indicated by the reference numeral 10 filler, each back anchor 8 may be protected by a protective tube, not shown, from mechanical damage. The return anchors 8 can be designed as steel or plastic anchors, for example GRP rod anchors with different diameters. GRP rod anchors have high corrosion resistance, high tensile strength, low weight and easy bendability. Moreover, they are relatively easy to move. The bore diameter and the diameter of the back anchors 8 are based on the static requirements of the substrate U and the respective corrosion protection regulations. According to the illustrated embodiment, the return anchors 8 may be formed, for example, as untreated, galvanized or stainless cable anchors, which are each arranged in a protective tube 82. The return anchors 8 increase the global slope stability of the subsoil. The return anchors 8 may preferably be arranged on the micropiles 2. Adjacent back anchors 8 have a horizontal distance from each other, which is 1 m to 3 m, preferably about 2 m to 2.5 m.

Depending on the vertical height of the support structure, multiple layers of return anchors 8 can be arranged one above the other. The layers of back anchors 8 can have a vertical spacing of 0.4 m to 1 m, preferably about 0.6 m.

The above description of a concrete embodiment of the invention is only to illustrate the essential aspects of the invention and is not to be regarded as limiting. Rather, the invention is defined by the claims.

Claims (15)

1. Water-permeable support structure, in particular for slope stabilization, in railway, road and path construction, and also for terracing and terrain shaping, comprising an arrangement of micropiles (2), which are anchored at a horizontal distance (a) from one another in the subsurface (U) of a slope (B), and a flat retaining device mounted on the slope side of the micropiles (2), which bridges the regions between the micropiles (2), characterized in that the flat retaining device is supported on supports (6) mounted close to the ground on the micropiles (2), wherein each micropile (2) is embedded in a concrete seal (5) which surrounds the micropile (2) on all sides at a transition from the subsurface (U) to the surface, has an extent (1) measured in the direction of the slope (B) of 15 cm to 50 cm, preferably 20 cm to 40 cm, and a depth (t) measured in the longitudinal direction of the micropile (2) of 25 cm to 35 cm, preferably 30 cm, wherein each micropile (2) continues into the subsurface beyond the depth of the concrete seal (5) .
2. Support structure according to Claim 1, characterized in that a section of the concrete seal (5) extending from an outer wall of the micropile (2) in the direction of the slope (B) is longer than a section of the concrete seal (5) extending in the opposite direction.
3. Support structure according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each support (6) is at least partially embedded in a concrete seal (5).
4. Support structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each support (6) has a clamp-like fixing section (61) for fixing the support to a micropile.
5. Support structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flat retaining device comprises a wire mesh (4).
6. Support structure according to Claim 5, characterized in that the wire mesh (4) is connected to a frame structure (3), which is supported on the supports (6) and is fixed to the micropiles (2).
7. Support structure according to Claim 6, characterized in that the wire mesh (4) is present as a roll material and can be cut to length on site and mounted on the frame structure (3).
8. Support structure according to Claim 6, characterized in that the wire mesh (4) is present in cut-to-length sections, which can be mounted on the frame structure (3) on site.
9. Support structure according to Claim 6, characterized in that the wire mesh (4) and the frame structure (3) are formed as prefabricated modules mounted together, which can be mounted on the micropiles (2) and connected to one another on site.
10. Support structure according to one of Claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the wire mesh (4) has a mesh size of which the smallest dimension is 25 mm to 31 mm, preferably 30 mm.
11. Support structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that mutually adjacent micropiles (2) have a horizontal distance (a) from one another which is 1 m to 3 m, preferably about 2 m to 2.5 m.
12. Support structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the micropiles (2) enclose an angle (λ) of 60° to 90° with a plane extending horizontally in the subsurface (U), wherein the micropiles (2) at angles of less than 90° with respect to the slope are inclined towards the slope.
13. Support structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a number of return anchors (8) starting from a height of the flat retaining device of 80 cm, which are preferably connected to the micropiles (2) and, inclined with respect to a longitudinal extent of the micropiles (2) at an angle (β) of 5° to 45°, preferably about 15°, and pointing away from the slope (B), are anchored in the subsurface (U) .
14. Support structure according to Claim 13, characterized in that adjacent return anchors (8) have a horizontal distance from one another which is 1 m to 3 m, preferably about 2 m to 2.5 m.
15. Support structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each micropile (2) can be covered at its free end with a cap-like plug-in attachment (7), which has a clamp-like extension (71) for fixing the flat retaining device.

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