EP0970281B1 - Method for stabilizing embankments - Google Patents

Method for stabilizing embankments Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0970281B1
EP0970281B1 EP98932014A EP98932014A EP0970281B1 EP 0970281 B1 EP0970281 B1 EP 0970281B1 EP 98932014 A EP98932014 A EP 98932014A EP 98932014 A EP98932014 A EP 98932014A EP 0970281 B1 EP0970281 B1 EP 0970281B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
working face
embankment
plugged
holes
ground
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EP98932014A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0970281A1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Einspannier
Peter Götz
Otto Zwick
Stephan Czichowsky
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Bilfinger SE
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Bilfinger Berger AG
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20Securing of slopes or inclines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for stabilizing the working face when pressing through a tunnel structure where, where the face is successively dismantled or dismantled.
  • the pressing of a tunnel structure is an example of such a construction measure called under a track system.
  • the tunnel structure is also on the driving side a cutting construction provided in the slope face of the ground is pre-pressed under the track system. Parallel to the pre-pressing of the tunnel structure the face is dismantled, with the removal of the bottom of the front edge of the Cutting should not hurry ahead.
  • the floor under the track system and in particular the face must be unrestricted throughout the construction be stable when train traffic via the track system is maintained should.
  • the shortest possible cutting edge construction is used. To do this, the face must be be steeply steeped. To realize such an embankment either suitable soil conditions must exist, or it must pass through appropriate soil improvement measures created such soil conditions become.
  • the stabilization of a gradually dismantled embankment is often in practice problematic.
  • the ground was placed in front of the working face dowelled with vertical wooden posts for stabilization.
  • the wooden posts had to then sawn off in sections parallel to the successive dismantling of the working face and be removed.
  • the vertical pegging of the floor takes place here from the surface of the site starting what, for example, in the case of pressing through a tunnel structure under a track system not without a significant impairment of the Rail transport is possible.
  • US-A-4 009 579 and CH-A-615 234 each have a method for pressing through a tunnel structure under a track system described, the track system with the help of support elements is stabilized directly above the ceiling of the tunnel structure be driven through the railway embankment.
  • the invention is based on the object of a method of the subject Kind so to design and develop that the stability of the embankment forming soil while avoiding construction work on the site surface is increased so that the embankment while maintaining the embankment angle can be gradually dismantled.
  • the method according to the invention achieves the above object through the features of claim 1, according to which the above-mentioned method is designed that the bottom forming the face is in a substantially horizontal Direction is pegged.
  • the stability of the floor is one Embankment can not only be increased by vertical anchoring, but that this can also be achieved with horizontal floor anchoring.
  • this method is particularly for soil improvement Embankments are suitable because the horizontal dowelling here from the inclined surface of the embankment can be made starting.
  • a horizontal dowel increases the shear strength of the soil body and prevents training of sliding surfaces. The spread of vertical loads in the soil is also improved.
  • the horizontal floor anchoring proposed according to the invention can be realized in different forms.
  • the holes from the surface of the slope can be driven out into the ground.
  • the holes are made with the help of a drill. Since there is usually good frictional contact between the the dowel-forming piles and the surrounding ground are sought, Should there be any casing in the borehole when backfilling with a self-setting Mass to be removed again.
  • the piles created as part of the method according to the invention in the ground are primarily subjected to thrust or shear. Most of time there is also a bending load on the piles.
  • the bending tensile strength of the piles can be advantageously by embedding a reinforcement in the self-setting Increase mass.
  • Tension members e.g. steel tension members, are used as reinforcement or glass fiber tensile links in question, which are used for the gradual dismantling of the embankment be separated in sections.
  • tension members e.g. steel tension members
  • a self-setting mass containing reinforcing fibers can also be used.
  • the piles produced with it hold relatively large, occurring in the ground Shear loads and bending loads stood, but can still with cancel the gradual dismantling of the embankment piece by piece.
  • the length of the piles created by the method according to the invention depends on one from the existing soil conditions and the other from those for tools used in their manufacture. It is usually of the order of magnitude between 25 and 50 m.
  • the soil forming the embankment is then stabilized to a depth of approximately 20 to 45 m, so that the slope up to this depth while maintaining the slope angle can be dismantled.
  • the one that then adjoins the slope surface Soil should still be pegged to a depth of 5 to 10 meters. Should Now the embankment can be dismantled further, so it is an advantage then dowel the floor again in such a way that the dowels are pegged Overlap floor areas.
  • the method according to the invention can also advantageously be used for stabilization of a dam - which has an embankment on both sides - can be used.
  • the dowelling of the soil forming the dam can advantageously be done here starting from the two embankment surfaces of the dam. In this context, too, it proves to be advantageous if the dowelled floor areas overlap to ensure the stability of the floor.
  • the tracks 2 of a track system run on the dam 1 shown in FIG. 1. to A tunnel structure is pressed through the dam 1 underneath the track system.
  • the tunnel structure consists of several tunnel segments 3, 4 which are connected to one another are then pressed through the dam 1.
  • the tunnel segment 3, which as is first pressed through the dam 1, is on the drive side with a cutting construction 5 provided. With the cutting construction 5, the upcoming soil of the dam 1 cut open and then starting from the interior of the tunnel structure ablated.
  • the face, which is gradually being dismantled, should always lie at the level of the cutting edge.
  • the actual tunnel structure upstream cutting construction 5 is relatively short, on the one hand To keep the top-heavyness of the tunnel structure as small as possible and to avoid it the area between the tunnel structure and the not yet cut open Keep the floor as small as possible. This is the area on the dam 1 track system located neither through the tunnel structure nor through dam 1 worn, but only by a track protection system designated in Figure 1 with 6 and the construction of the cutting edge cover, not shown in FIG. 1.
  • the brevity of the cutting construction 5 requires the formation of a relative steep face, which secured to secure the track system above > must be.
  • the stability of the Dam 1 in the embodiment shown here by a horizontal dowelling of the soil forming dam 1 is reached.
  • the piles 7 are only here represented schematically in the form of their longitudinal axes. A stabilization of the soil is still there if the piles 7 in places during the construction should break.
  • the soil improvement is not based in the present case primarily on cavity injections but on the targeted manufacture of in their dimensions limited piles 7 made of grout or cement stone.
  • the holes are drilled horizontally, each 25 to 50 meters long.
  • it can also be an advantage be slightly inclined upwards or downwards. So can For example, the leakage of the self-setting mass when filling the boreholes can be avoided simply by slightly aligning the boreholes downwards.
  • the length of the piles 7 is chosen in the present embodiment so that a Tunnel segment 3 can be pressed into the ground, with the piles together with the gradual dismantling of the working face to be broken off piece by piece.
  • a Tunnel segment 3 can be pressed into the ground, with the piles together with the gradual dismantling of the working face to be broken off piece by piece.
  • Horizontal piles created in the ground which is also only schematic in Figure 1 are shown and are designated by 8.
  • the ones pegged with piles 7 and 8 Areas overlap to ensure the stability of the floor throughout To ensure width of the dam 1.
  • the overlapping anchoring of the dam 1 shown in Fig. 1 could also in The actual pressing measure can be realized by using anchoring on both embankment surfaces of the dam 1 is made.
  • the self-setting forming the piles 7, 8 Mass introduced into the boreholes practically without pressing pressure in order to raise excluded in the track area.
  • the self-setting mass but also introduced with a low compression pressure be, the pressing amount to about 1.3 times the theoretical amount could be limited to backfilling a well.
  • each pile at least one tension member, e.g. made of steel or glass fibers.
  • a drilling grid for dowelling the floor behind the face is shown.
  • the grid comprises four transverse rows with six piles each.
  • the stability of the floor adjoining the working face is improved without having to work in the track area.
  • the dam 1 will also be a favorable distribution of vertical loads caused in the ground. If the floor with unreinforced grout piles or pegged cement stone, this is how the demolition works Face as unproblematic because these piles are piece by piece with the help of machines Pieces can be broken off and thus removed, which is usually used for Dismantling the face must be used.

Abstract

In order to stabilize an embankment in a building operation during which the embankment should be re-built or demolished, the invention provides for substantially horizontal doweling of the ground forming said embankment.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Stabilisieren der Ortsbrust beim Durchpressen eines Tunnelbanwerks wo, bei die Ortsbrust beim Durchpressen sukzessive zurück- bzw. abgebaut wird.The invention relates to a method for stabilizing the working face when pressing through a tunnel structure where, where the face is successively dismantled or dismantled.

Das hier in Rede stehende Verfahren soll insbesondere im Rahmen von Baumaßnahmen zum Einsatz kommen, bei denen eine angesteilte Böschung sukzessive zurückgebaut wird, wobei der Neigungswinkel der Böschung aufrechterhalten werden soll bzw. variabel eingestellt werden soll.The procedure in question is intended in particular in the context of construction work are used in which an embankment is gradually dismantled the slope angle of the slope is maintained should or should be set variably.

Als Beispiel für eine solche Baumaßnahme sei hier das Durchpressen eines Tunnelbauwerks unter einer Gleisanlage genannt. Das Tunnelbauwerk ist vortriebsseitig mit einer Schneidenkonstruktion versehen, die in die geböschte Ortsbrust des Bodens unter der Gleisanlage vorgepreßt wird. Parallel zum Vorpressen des Tunnelbauwerks wird die Ortsbrust zurückgebaut, wobei der Abbau des Bodens der Vorderkante der Schneiden nicht vorauseilen sollte. Der Boden unter der Gleisanlage und insbesondere die Ortsbrust müssen während der gesamten Baumaßnahme uneingeschränkt standsicher sein, wenn der Zugverkehr über die Gleisanlage aufrecht erhalten werden soll. Um nun eine Kopflastigkeit des Tunnelbauwerks durch zu große Schneiden zu vermeiden und den besonders kritischen Bereich zwischen dem Tunnelbauwerk und dem noch unversehrten Boden unter der Gleisanlage möglichst klein zu halten, wird eine möglichst kurze Schneidenkonstruktion verwendet. Dazu muß die Ortsbrust entsprechend steil angeböscht sein. Zur Realisierung einer derartigen Böschung müssen entweder geeignete Bodenverhältnisse vorliegen, oder es müssen durch entsprechende Bodenverbesserungsmaßnahmen solche Bodenverhältnisse geschaffen werden.The pressing of a tunnel structure is an example of such a construction measure called under a track system. The tunnel structure is also on the driving side a cutting construction provided in the slope face of the ground is pre-pressed under the track system. Parallel to the pre-pressing of the tunnel structure the face is dismantled, with the removal of the bottom of the front edge of the Cutting should not hurry ahead. The floor under the track system and in particular the face must be unrestricted throughout the construction be stable when train traffic via the track system is maintained should. In order to make the tunnel structure top heavy due to cutting too large to avoid and the particularly critical area between the tunnel structure and to keep the undamaged floor under the track system as small as possible, the shortest possible cutting edge construction is used. To do this, the face must be be steeply steeped. To realize such an embankment either suitable soil conditions must exist, or it must pass through appropriate soil improvement measures created such soil conditions become.

Die Standsicherung einer sukzessive zurückgebauten Böschung ist in der Praxis oftmals problematisch. In einem bekannten Verfahren wurde der Boden vor der Ortsbrust zur Stabilisierung mit vertikalen Holzpfählen verdübelt. Die Holzpfähle mußten dann parallel zum sukzessiven Abbau der Ortsbrust in Teilstücken abgesägt und entfernt werden. Die vertikale Verdübelung des Bodens erfolgt hier von der Geländeoberfläche ausgehend, was bspw. im Falle der Durchpressung eines Tunnelbauwerks unter einer Gleisanlage nicht ohne eine erhebliche Beeinträchtigung des Schienenverkehrs möglich ist.The stabilization of a gradually dismantled embankment is often in practice problematic. In a known process, the ground was placed in front of the working face dowelled with vertical wooden posts for stabilization. The wooden posts had to then sawn off in sections parallel to the successive dismantling of the working face and be removed. The vertical pegging of the floor takes place here from the surface of the site starting what, for example, in the case of pressing through a tunnel structure under a track system not without a significant impairment of the Rail transport is possible.

Aus US-A-4 009 579 und CH-A- 615 234 ist jeweils ein Verfahren zum Durchpressen eines Tunnelbauwerks unter einer Gleisanlage beschrieben, wobei die Gleisanlage mit Hilfe von Trägerelementen stabilisiert wird, die unmittellbar über der Decke des Tunnelbauwerks durch den Eisenbahndamm getrieben werden. US-A-4 009 579 and CH-A-615 234 each have a method for pressing through a tunnel structure under a track system described, the track system with the help of support elements is stabilized directly above the ceiling of the tunnel structure be driven through the railway embankment.

Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der in Rede stehenden Art so auszugestalten und weiterzubilden, daß die Standfestigkeit des die Böschung bildenden Bodens unter Vermeidung von Baumaßnahmen auf der Geländeoberfläche erhöht wird, so daß sich die Böschung unter Beibehaltung des Böschungswinkels sukzessive zurückbauen läßt.The invention is based on the object of a method of the subject Kind so to design and develop that the stability of the embankment forming soil while avoiding construction work on the site surface is increased so that the embankment while maintaining the embankment angle can be gradually dismantled.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren löst die voranstehende Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1, Danach ist das eingangs genannte Verfahren so ausgestaltet, daß der die Ortsbrust bildende Boden in im wesentlichen horizontaler Richtung verdübelt wird.The method according to the invention achieves the above object through the features of claim 1, according to which the above-mentioned method is designed that the bottom forming the face is in a substantially horizontal Direction is pegged.

Erfindungsgemäß ist erkannt worden, daß sich die Standsicherheit des Bodens einer Böschung nicht nur durch eine vertikale Verdübelung erhöhen läßt, sondern daß dies auch mit einer horizontalen Bodenverdübelung erreicht werden kann. Erkannt worden ist außerdem, daß sich dieses Verfahren insbesondere zur Bodenverbesserung an Böschungen eignet, da die horizontale Verdübelung hier von der geneigten Böschungsoberfläche ausgehend vorgenommen werden kann. Eine horizontale Verdübelung erhöht die Scherfestigkeit des Bodenkörpers und verhindert die Ausbildung von Gleitflächen. Außerdem wird die Ausbreitung von Vertikallasten im Boden verbessert.According to the invention, it has been recognized that the stability of the floor is one Embankment can not only be increased by vertical anchoring, but that this can also be achieved with horizontal floor anchoring. Been recognized is also that this method is particularly for soil improvement Embankments are suitable because the horizontal dowelling here from the inclined surface of the embankment can be made starting. A horizontal dowel increases the shear strength of the soil body and prevents training of sliding surfaces. The spread of vertical loads in the soil is also improved.

Grundsätzlich kann die erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagene horizontale Bodenverdübelung in unterschiedlicher Form realisiert werden. In Frage kommen dazu bspw. horizontal orientierte Holzpfähle oder auch horizontal in die Böschung getriebene Metallelemente.In principle, the horizontal floor anchoring proposed according to the invention can can be realized in different forms. For example, horizontally oriented wooden posts or metal elements driven horizontally into the slope.

In einer besonders vorteilhaften Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden von der geneigten Oberfläche der Böschung ausgehend in einem Raster angeordnete Löcher in den Boden getrieben und anschließend mit einer selbstabbindenden Masse verfüllt. Diese Maßnahme zielt nicht unbedingt auf eine Bodenverbesserung durch Hohlrauminjektion ab, sondern in erster Linie auf die Herstellung von in ihren Abmessungen begrenzten Pfählen des abgebundenen Materials. Hierfür kann je nach der Beschaffenheit des vorliegenden Bodens Zement oder Mörtel oder ein anderes aufgrund seiner Festigkeit geeignetes Material verwendet werden. Die voranstehend beschriebene Art der Verdübelung ist insbesondere im Hinblick auf das sukzessive Zurück- bzw. Abbauen der Böschung von Vorteil. Die im Boden erstellten Pfähle lassen sich nämlich einfach Stück um Stück zusammen mit dem sukzessiven Abbau der Böschung abbrechen.In a particularly advantageous variant of the method according to the invention starting from the inclined surface of the slope in a grid Drilled holes in the ground and then with a self-binding Mass backfilled. This measure is not necessarily aimed at improving the soil by cavity injection, but primarily on the manufacture of in their Dimensions of limited piles of the set material. For this can ever depending on the nature of the present floor cement or mortar or another suitable material can be used due to its strength. The above described type of doweling is particularly with regard to the successive Removing or dismantling the slope is an advantage. The created in the ground This is because piles can simply be added piece by piece together with the successive one Cancel removal of the embankment.

Es gibt nun verschiedene Möglichkeiten, wie die Löcher von der Oberfläche der Böschung ausgehend in den Boden getrieben werden können. In einer technisch sehr einfachen und daher auch sehr wirtschaftlichen Variante werden die Löcher mit Hilfe eines Bohrgeräts erstellt. Da in der Regel ein guter Reibungskontakt zwischen den die Verdübelung bildenden Pfählen und dem umliegenden Boden angestrebt wird, sollte eine etwaige Verrohrung des Bohrlochs beim Verfüllen mit einer selbstabbindenden Masse wieder entfernt werden.There are now several options, such as the holes from the surface of the slope can be driven out into the ground. In a very technical way simple and therefore very economical variant, the holes are made with the help of a drill. Since there is usually good frictional contact between the the dowel-forming piles and the surrounding ground are sought, Should there be any casing in the borehole when backfilling with a self-setting Mass to be removed again.

Aufgrund besonderer Bodenverhältnisse kann es vorteilhaft sein, die im Boden erstellten Löcher unter Druck zu verfüllen. Dies kann beispielsweise im Rahmen eines Hochdruckinjektionsverfahrens erfolgen. In jedem Falle sollte dabei allerdings verhindert werden, daß unerwünschte Bodenhebungen auftreten. Insbesondere im Falle einer Durchpressungsmaßnahme unter einer Gleisanlage sind Hebungen im Gleisbereich unbedingt auszuschließen.Due to special soil conditions, it may be advantageous to create the soil Fill holes under pressure. This can be done, for example, as part of a High pressure injection process take place. In any case, however, should be prevented that undesirable uplifts occur. Especially in the case A press-through measure under a track system is lifting in the track area absolutely to be excluded.

Die im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens erstellten Pfähle im Baugrund werden in erster Linie auf Schub belastet bzw. auf Abscheren beansprucht. Meist liegt aber auch eine Biegebelastung der Pfähle vor. Die Biegezugfestigkeit der Pfähle läßt sich in vorteilhafter Weise durch Einbetten einer Bewehrung in die selbstabbindende Masse erhöhen. Als Bewehrung kommen Zugglieder, bspw. Stahlzugglieder oder auch Glasfaserzugglieder in Frage, die beim sukzessiven Abbau der Böschung abschnittsweise abgetrennt werden. Alternativ zu Zuggliedern als Bewehrung kann auch eine Bewehrungsfasern enthaltende selbstabbindende Masse verwendet werden. Die damit hergestellten Pfähle halten zwar relativ großen, im Baugrund auftretenden Scherbelastungen und Biegebelastungen stand, lassen sich aber dennoch mit dem sukzessiven Abbau der Böschung Stück um Stück abbrechen.The piles created as part of the method according to the invention in the ground are primarily subjected to thrust or shear. Most of time there is also a bending load on the piles. The bending tensile strength of the piles can be advantageously by embedding a reinforcement in the self-setting Increase mass. Tension members, e.g. steel tension members, are used as reinforcement or glass fiber tensile links in question, which are used for the gradual dismantling of the embankment be separated in sections. As an alternative to tension members as reinforcement a self-setting mass containing reinforcing fibers can also be used. The piles produced with it hold relatively large, occurring in the ground Shear loads and bending loads stood, but can still with cancel the gradual dismantling of the embankment piece by piece.

Die Länge der nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erstellten Pfähle hängt zum einen von den vorliegenden Bodenverhältnissen ab und zum anderen von den für ihre Herstellung verwendeten Werkzeugen. Sie liegt üblicherweise in der Größenordnung zwischen 25 und 50 m. Je nach den vorliegenden Bodenverhältnissen ist der die Böschung bildende Boden dann bis in eine Tiefe von etwa 20 bis 45 m stabilisiert, so daß die Böschung unter Beibehaltung des Böschungswinkels bis zu dieser Tiefe zurückgebaut werden kann. Der sich dann an die Böschungsoberfläche anschließende Boden sollte noch bis in eine Tiefe von 5 bis 10 Metern verdübelt sein. Soll nun die Böschung weiter zurückgebaut werden, so ist es von Vorteil, den sich anschließenden Boden erneut zu verdübeln, und zwar so, daß sich die verdübelten Bodenbereiche überlappen.The length of the piles created by the method according to the invention depends on one from the existing soil conditions and the other from those for tools used in their manufacture. It is usually of the order of magnitude between 25 and 50 m. Depending on the existing soil conditions, the the soil forming the embankment is then stabilized to a depth of approximately 20 to 45 m, so that the slope up to this depth while maintaining the slope angle can be dismantled. The one that then adjoins the slope surface Soil should still be pegged to a depth of 5 to 10 meters. Should Now the embankment can be dismantled further, so it is an advantage then dowel the floor again in such a way that the dowels are pegged Overlap floor areas.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann in vorteilhafter Weise auch zur Stabilisierung eines Damms - der zu beiden Seiten eine Böschung aufweist - eingesetzt werden. Die Verdübelung des den Damm bildenden Bodens kann hier in vorteilhafter Weise von den beiden Böschungsoberflächen des Damms ausgehend vorgenommen werden. Auch in diesem Zusammenhang erweist es sich als vorteilhaft, wenn sich die verdübelten Bodenbereiche überlappen, um die Standsicherheit des Bodens zu gewährleisten.The method according to the invention can also advantageously be used for stabilization of a dam - which has an embankment on both sides - can be used. The dowelling of the soil forming the dam can advantageously be done here starting from the two embankment surfaces of the dam. In this context, too, it proves to be advantageous if the dowelled floor areas overlap to ensure the stability of the floor.

Es gibt nun verschiedene Möglichkeiten, die Lehre der vorliegenden Erfindung in vorteilhafter Weise auszugestalten und weiterzubilden. Dazu ist einerseits auf die dem Patentanspruch 1 nachgeordneten Ansprüche, andererseits auf die nachfolgende Erläuteurng eines Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung zu verweisen. In der Zeichnung zeigt

Fig. 1
einen schematischen Querschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäß verdübelten Damm mit einer Gleisanlage während einer Durchpressungsmaßnahme und
Fig. 2
eine schematische Draufsicht auf die Ortsbrust der in Figur 1 dargestellten Situation.
There are now various possibilities for advantageously designing and developing the teaching of the present invention. For this purpose, reference is made to the claims subordinate to claim 1, on the one hand, and to the following explanation of an exemplary embodiment of the invention with reference to the drawing. In the drawing shows
Fig. 1
a schematic cross section through a dam anchored according to the invention with a track system during a press-through measure and
Fig. 2
is a schematic plan view of the working face of the situation shown in Figure 1.

Auf dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Damm 1 verlaufen die Gleise 2 einer Gleisanlage. Zur Untertunnelung der Gleisanlage wird ein Tunnelbauwerk durch den Damm 1 gepreßt. Das Tunnelbauwerk besteht aus mehreren Tunnelsegmenten 3, 4, die aneinander anschließend durch den Damm 1 gepreßt werden. Das Tunnelsegment 3, das als erstes durch den Damm 1 gepreßt wird, ist vortriebsseitig mit einer Schneidenkonstruktion 5 versehen. Mit der Schneidenkonstruktion 5 wird der anstehende Boden des Damms 1 aufgeschnitten und dann vom Innenraum des Tunnelbauwerks ausgehend abgetragen. Die Ortsbrust, die dadurch sukzessive zurückgebaut wird, sollte immer auf der Höhe der Schneidenvorderkanten liegen. Die dem eigentlichen Tunnelbauwerk vorgelagerte Schneidenkonstruktion 5 ist relativ kurz, zum einen um die Kopflastigkeit des Tunnelbauwerks möglichst klein zu halten und zum anderen um den Bereich zwischen dem Tunnelbauwerk und dem noch nicht aufgeschnittenen Boden möglichst klein zu halten. In diesem Bereich wird nämlich die auf dem Damm 1 befindliche Gleisanlage weder durch das Tunnelbauwerk noch durch den Damm 1 getragen, sondern lediglich durch ein in Figur 1 mit 6 bezeichnetes Gleissicherungssystem und die in Figur 1 nicht näher dargestellte Konstruktion der Schneidenabdeckung. Die Kürze der Schneidenkonstruktion 5 bedingt die Ausbildung einer relativ steilen Ortsbrust, die zur Absicherung der darüberliegenden Gleisanlage gesichert > werden muß.The tracks 2 of a track system run on the dam 1 shown in FIG. 1. to A tunnel structure is pressed through the dam 1 underneath the track system. The tunnel structure consists of several tunnel segments 3, 4 which are connected to one another are then pressed through the dam 1. The tunnel segment 3, which as is first pressed through the dam 1, is on the drive side with a cutting construction 5 provided. With the cutting construction 5, the upcoming soil of the dam 1 cut open and then starting from the interior of the tunnel structure ablated. The face, which is gradually being dismantled, should always lie at the level of the cutting edge. The actual tunnel structure upstream cutting construction 5 is relatively short, on the one hand To keep the top-heavyness of the tunnel structure as small as possible and to avoid it the area between the tunnel structure and the not yet cut open Keep the floor as small as possible. This is the area on the dam 1 track system located neither through the tunnel structure nor through dam 1 worn, but only by a track protection system designated in Figure 1 with 6 and the construction of the cutting edge cover, not shown in FIG. 1. The brevity of the cutting construction 5 requires the formation of a relative steep face, which secured to secure the track system above > must be.

Bei der Wahl von geeigneten Maßnahmen zur Erhöhung der Standsicherheit der die Ortsbrust bildenden Böschung müssen zum einen die Böschungsneigung und die zu erwartenden Belastungen der Böschung und zum anderen auch die jeweiligen Bodenkennwerte berücksichtigt werden.When choosing suitable measures to increase the stability of the The face of the embankment must include the slope and the slope expected loads on the embankment and, on the other hand, the respective soil properties be taken into account.

Entsprechend dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die Standsicherheit des Damms 1 in dem hier dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel durch eine im wesentlichen horizontale Verdübelung des den Damm 1 bildenden Bodens erreicht. Dazu werden von der Ortsbrust ausgehend horizontale Bohrungen mit Hilfe eines Ankerbohrgeräts in den Boden vorgetrieben und mit Verpreßmörtel oder einer Zementsuspension verfüllt. Dabei entstehen unbewehrte horizontal orientierte Pfähle 7 im Boden, die insgesamt die Scherfestigkeit des Bodenkörpers erhöhen. Die Pfähle 7 sind hier nur schematisch in Form ihrer Längsachsen dargestellt. Eine Stabilisierung des Bodens ist auch dann noch gegeben, wenn die Pfähle 7 im Verlauf der Baumaßnahme stellenweise brechen sollten. Die Bodenverbesserung beruht im vorliegenden Falle nicht in erster Linie auf Hohlrauminjektionen, sondern auf der gezielten Herstellung von in ihren Abmessungen begrenzten Pfählen 7 aus Verpreßmörtel bzw. Zementstein. According to the inventive method, the stability of the Dam 1 in the embodiment shown here by a horizontal dowelling of the soil forming dam 1 is reached. To do this Horizontal drilling from the face using an anchor drill Excavated in the ground and with grout or a cement suspension filled. This creates unreinforced horizontally oriented piles 7 in the ground overall increase the shear strength of the soil body. The piles 7 are only here represented schematically in the form of their longitudinal axes. A stabilization of the soil is still there if the piles 7 in places during the construction should break. The soil improvement is not based in the present case primarily on cavity injections but on the targeted manufacture of in their dimensions limited piles 7 made of grout or cement stone.

Die Bohrungen werden horizontal mit einer Länge von jeweils 25 bis 50 Metern ausgeführt. Je nach den vorliegenden Rahmenbedingungen kann es auch von Vorteil sein, die Bohrlöcher leicht nach oben oder nach unten geneigt auszurichten. So kann bspw. das Auslaufen der selbstabbindenden Masse beim Verfüllen der Bohrlöcher einfach durch eine leichte Ausrichtung der Bohrlöcher nach unten vermieden werden.The holes are drilled horizontally, each 25 to 50 meters long. Depending on the existing framework, it can also be an advantage be slightly inclined upwards or downwards. So can For example, the leakage of the self-setting mass when filling the boreholes can be avoided simply by slightly aligning the boreholes downwards.

Die Länge der Pfähle 7 ist im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel so gewählt, daß ein Tunnelsegment 3 in den Baugrund gepreßt werden kann, wobei die Pfähle zusammen mit dem sukzessiven Abbau der Ortsbrust Stück um Stück abgebrochen werden. Danach werden nochmals - wieder ausgehend von der dann vorliegenden Ortsbrust - horizontale Pfähle im Boden erstellt, die in Figur 1 ebenfalls nur schematisch dargestellt sind und mit 8 bezeichnet sind. Die mit den Pfählen 7 und 8 verdübelten Bereiche überlappen sich, um die Standfestigkeit des Bodens über die gesamte Breite des Damms 1 zu gewährleisten.The length of the piles 7 is chosen in the present embodiment so that a Tunnel segment 3 can be pressed into the ground, with the piles together with the gradual dismantling of the working face to be broken off piece by piece. After that, again - starting from the then existing face - Horizontal piles created in the ground, which is also only schematic in Figure 1 are shown and are designated by 8. The ones pegged with piles 7 and 8 Areas overlap to ensure the stability of the floor throughout To ensure width of the dam 1.

Die überlappende Verdübelung des in Fig. 1 dargestellten Damms 1 könnte auch im Vorfelde der eigentlichen Durchpressungsmaßnahme realisiert werden, indem von beiden Böschungsoberflächen des Damms 1 ausgehend eine Bodenverdübelung vorgenommen wird.The overlapping anchoring of the dam 1 shown in Fig. 1 could also in The actual pressing measure can be realized by using anchoring on both embankment surfaces of the dam 1 is made.

Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel wird die die Pfähle 7, 8 bildende selbstabbindende Masse praktisch ohne Verpreßdruck in die Bohrlöcher eingebracht, um Hebungen im Gleisbereich auszuschließen. Aus bautechnischen Gründen könnte die selbstabbindende Masse aber auch mit einem geringen Verpreßdruck eingebracht werden, wobei die Verpreßmenge auf das etwa 1,3-fache der theoretischen Menge zum Verfüllen eines Bohrlochs begrenzt werden könnte.In the illustrated embodiment, the self-setting forming the piles 7, 8 Mass introduced into the boreholes practically without pressing pressure in order to raise excluded in the track area. For structural reasons, the self-setting mass but also introduced with a low compression pressure be, the pressing amount to about 1.3 times the theoretical amount could be limited to backfilling a well.

Zur Erhöhung des Scherwiderstandes oder wenn die Pfähle 7 und 8 neben einer Scherbelastung auch einer Biegebelastung standhalten sollen, so kann es vorteilhaft sein, in die selbstabbindende Masse jedes Pfahls mindestens ein Zugglied, bspw. aus Stahl oder Glasfasern, einzubetten.To increase the shear resistance or if the piles 7 and 8 next to one Shear loads should also withstand bending loads, so it can be advantageous be, in the self-setting mass of each pile at least one tension member, e.g. made of steel or glass fibers.

In Fig. 2 ist ein Bohrraster für die Verdübelung des Bodens hinter der Ortsbrust dargestellt. Das Raster umfaßt vier Querreihen mit je sechs Pfählen. In diesem Zusammenhang sei nochmals angemerkt, daß die erforderliche Dimensionierung und die im Einzelfall notwendigen Abstände der die Verdübelung bildenden Pfähle sowie deren Art, d.h. Materialbeschaffenheit, von der Böschungsneigung, der zu erwartenden Last und den jeweiligen Bodenkennwerten abhängen.In Fig. 2, a drilling grid for dowelling the floor behind the face is shown. The grid comprises four transverse rows with six piles each. In this context it should be noted again that the required dimensioning and the In individual cases, the necessary distances between the piles forming the dowels and their Type, i.e. Material properties, from the slope slope, the expected load and depend on the respective soil properties.

Durch Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Stabilisieren der Ortsbrust im Rahmen der in den Figuren dargestellten Durchpressungsmaßnahme kann die Standfestigkeit des sich an die Ortsbrust anschließenden Bodens verbessert werden, ohne daß dafür Arbeiten im Gleisbereich erforderlich wären. Durch die horizontale Verdübelung des Damms 1 wird außerdem eine günstige Verteilung von Vertikallasten im Boden bewirkt. Wird der Boden mit unbewehrten Verpreßmörtelpfählen oder Zementsteinpfählen verdübelt, so gestaltet sich auch das Zurückbauen der Ortsbrust als unproblematisch, da diese Pfähle mit Hilfe von Maschinen Stück um Stück abgebrochen und damit abgetragen werden können, die üblicherweise zum Zurückbauen der Ortsbrust verwendet werden.By using the method according to the invention for stabilizing the working face in the context of the pressing measure shown in the figures the stability of the floor adjoining the working face is improved without having to work in the track area. Through the horizontal Dowelling the dam 1 will also be a favorable distribution of vertical loads caused in the ground. If the floor with unreinforced grout piles or pegged cement stone, this is how the demolition works Face as unproblematic because these piles are piece by piece with the help of machines Pieces can be broken off and thus removed, which is usually used for Dismantling the face must be used.

Claims (10)

  1. Method of stabilising the working face while a tunnel construction is being forced through, wherein during tunnelling the working face is successively taken back or taken down, characterised in that the ground forming the working face is plugged in a substantially horizontal direction.
  2. Method as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the plugging of the working face is carried out with the aid of horizontally oriented wooden piles and/or metal elements disposed in a grid pattern.
  3. Method as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that starting from the inclined surface of the working face holes disposed in a grid pattern are driven into the ground and that the holes are filled with a self-setting material.
  4. Method as claimed in Claim 3, characterised in that the holes are produced with the aid of a drilling device.
  5. Method as claimed in one of Claims 3 or 4, characterised in that the holes are filled under pressure.
  6. Method as claimed in one of Claims 3 to 5, characterised in that during the filling of the holes a reinforcement is embedded in the self-setting material.
  7. Method as claimed in one of Claims 3 to 6, characterised in that a self-setting material with reinforcing fibres is used.
  8. Method as claimed in one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the ground forming the working face is first of all plugged in a first region adjoining the surface of the working face to a certain depth, that the first plugged region is only taken down to a part of its depth, and that the second region adjoining the new surface of the working face is plugged to a certain depth, so that the first and the second plugged regions overlap.
  9. Method of stabilising the working face while a tunnel construction is being pressed through an embankment as claimed in one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the ground forming the embankment is plugged in a substantially horizontal direction starting from the two bank surfaces of the embankment.
  10. Method as claimed din Claim 9, characterised in that the plugged regions starting from the two bank surfaces of the embankment overlap.
EP98932014A 1997-04-30 1998-04-28 Method for stabilizing embankments Expired - Lifetime EP0970281B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19718220 1997-04-30
DE19718220 1997-04-30
PCT/DE1998/001169 WO1998049399A1 (en) 1997-04-30 1998-04-28 Method for stabilizing embankments

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EP0970281A1 EP0970281A1 (en) 2000-01-12
EP0970281B1 true EP0970281B1 (en) 2002-07-03

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EP (1) EP0970281B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE220150T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19725077A1 (en)
PL (1) PL336575A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1998049399A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4009579A (en) * 1975-12-08 1977-03-01 Patzner Delbert M Method for constructing a tunnel or underpass
CH615234A5 (en) * 1976-11-01 1980-01-15 Valli Francesco Method of erecting a structure by means of press-driving
DE3118280A1 (en) * 1981-05-08 1982-12-02 Leonhard Weiss KG Bauunternehmung, 7320 Göppingen METHOD AND VALVE TUBE FOR STABILIZING SLIDING SLOPES
DE4013801C2 (en) * 1990-04-28 1994-12-22 Keller Grundbau Gmbh Method of manufacturing a support and / or sealing body
SE9101542L (en) * 1991-05-22 1992-11-23 Ingvar Bogdanoff METHOD OF INJECTING MOUNTAIN OR CONCRETE AND DEVICE BEFORE PERFORMING THE METHOD
DE4325048C1 (en) * 1993-07-26 1995-04-20 Flowtex Service Ges Fuer Horiz Process for securing slopes that are at risk of slipping and restoring landslides on cohesive, swellable cohesive to generally fine-grained soils, in which a minor coarse fraction can be present
GB9408713D0 (en) * 1994-05-03 1994-06-22 Cementation Pilling & Foundati Improved soil installation

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ATE220150T1 (en) 2002-07-15
DE59804668D1 (en) 2002-08-08
EP0970281A1 (en) 2000-01-12
DE19725077A1 (en) 1998-07-23
WO1998049399A1 (en) 1998-11-05
PL336575A1 (en) 2000-07-03

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