EP0509385B1 - Method for creating concrete bodies and cement bodies in the ground - Google Patents

Abstract

Method of producing wall-shaped or floor-shaped concrete or cement bodies in the ground, in which grout columns (12), parallel to one another and at least tangent to one another, are constructed one after the other by the nozzle jet method from an injection stem (9) driven into the ground and form the concrete or cement body after the hardening, and in which sheet-piling or reinforcing elements (6) are in each case sunk at the same time as the injection stem individually or in groups inside one grout column (12) each, which sheet-piling or reinforcing elements (6) remain in the grout column when the injection stem is withdrawn. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing wall-shaped or ceiling-shaped concrete or cement bodies in the floor, in which injection columns which are at least tangent to one another and which are at least tangent in the jet stream method from an injection rod which is driven into the floor, or concrete vibrating columns by means of a deep vibrator which is located in the Soil is driven forward, created one after the other and after hardening form the concrete or cement body, at least one group of adjacent injection columns or concrete vibrating columns being created fresh-in-fresh before the binding of individual columns with mutual penetration. The overall wall-shaped body can be generated in any inclined position between vertical and horizontal and also to several z. B. be arranged in a desk or gable shape. In the first-mentioned method, the injection columns made of cement suspension are created parallel to one another in the nozzle jet method by means of an injection rod with at least one nozzle which is driven into the ground; In the second process, the vibrating columns are made of precast concrete in parallel with one another by means of a deep vibrator that is driven into the ground. After creating an injection or vibrating column, the injection rod or deep vibrator is pulled again.

Methods of the type mentioned above are known from the applicant's publications under her former name GKN Keller GmbH "SOILCRETE®-Jet Grouting", April 1983, cf. Preamble of claim 1 and "stuffing compaction", February 1976, cf. Preamble of claim 2 known. In connection with individual columns created according to this, reinforcement cages or reinforcement bars have also already been proposed in such columns. The previous reinforcements are less suitable for wall- or ceiling-shaped floor elements, e.g. underpinning elements along the edge of buildings or building pit enclosures (each with a vertical position) or underpinning over tunnels or galleries (with an inclined or horizontal wall position). To reinforce the wall or ceiling structures, only the increase in diameter of the individual column bodies was available.

The present invention has for its object to provide methods for producing wall or ceiling-shaped concrete or cement bodies, which enable the simplified introduction of sheet piling elements or reinforcement elements.

The solution to this is, on the one hand, that sheet piling or reinforcement elements are sunk individually or in groups within one injection column at the same time with an injection rod, which remain in the injection column when the injection rod is pulled. This advantageously saves a separate operation for lowering the sheet pile elements or the reinforcement elements. It is particularly advantageous that they can be brought down in the manner according to the invention in the manner of the invention completely free of vibrations. Since the sheet pile wall elements only have to be gripped and guided laterally, it can be brought down directly in front of the wall, ie directly on a structure to be supported. It is operated with much lower forces than is necessary when bringing it down into a concrete or cement column that has already been created. In addition, the forces act as tensile forces so that there is no fear of the reinforcement elements buckling. The drilling and injection process can be done in several steps, with the last injection step according to the invention of the sheet pile or reinforcement element is sunk with the injection rod. In this case, an injection pressure of approximately 200-400 bar is preferably used for the concrete or cement suspension. The flow rate can be more than 90 l / min. The orientation of the at least one nozzle is essentially perpendicular to the axis of the injection rod. It can be used to create columns with a radius between 50 to 250 cm.

This method works by transferring the soil to the suspension, creating a liquid phase of new composition. It is therefore a soil erosion and suspension process that must not be equated with drilling mud processes for discharging drilling material.

A second solution is that sheet piling or reinforcement elements are sunk simultaneously with a deep vibrator, either individually or in groups, with the deep vibrator parallel to its longitudinal axis, which remain parallel to the resulting vibrating column when the deep vibrator is pulled. For sheet pile wall elements, this means that they are exposed on one side, which may make later pulling easier. Depending on the design, reinforcement elements will be partially integrated into the resulting concrete body. The method described here is of course not vibration-free, but can also be carried out directly in front of the wall with a suitable design of the corresponding device and likewise ensures that the reinforcement elements are brought down without compressive forces, which prevents the reinforcement elements from buckling.

In a special embodiment of the method, the sheet pile or reinforcement elements can be axially lowered are constantly loaded, in particular by means of cable pulling means acting on the drill head slide of a drill or injection rod or the guide slide of a deep vibrator. The tractive force is particularly variable during the lowering depending on the nature of the ground and sinking speed.

According to another embodiment, the sheet piling or reinforcement elements can be axially and possibly laterally shaken when sunk, in particular by means of a top vibrator or top impact tool placed thereon.

The invention also relates to devices according to claim 13 for carrying out the method. Further advantageous features are specified in the dependent device claims.

The sheet pile or reinforcement elements are then held and guided at their upper end in a tensioning device by suitable means and are guided beneath them a second time in different ways. The upper guide and tensioning device is attached to the drilling or injection head of the injection rod or to the guide and mounting slide of the deep vibrator and moves with each of them. The lower guide device can be fixed in place like a guide of the injection linkage on the drill or as a guide and mounting device directly on the deep vibrator and can be lowered with it. The vibrator tip or the nozzle holder of the injection rod is at a distance of 0.1 to 1.5 m, preferably 0.3 to 0.5 m in the direction of advance in front of the front edge of the respective sheet pile element or reinforcement element, so that the element in the area of freshly injected column or vibrated opening is inserted. Before pulling the injection rod or pulling the deep vibrator, the clamping on the tensioning device is released so that the respective sheet pile element or reinforcement element in the one just created Pillar remains. The reinforcement elements can be known baskets, profiles or sheet piling elements that remain permanently in the concrete or cement body, while the sheet piling elements can be pulled again after all floor work has been completed.

After a further implementation of the method, the profile locks of the sheet pile elements to be lowered in each case of newly created columns can be latched into the columns of the already completed, adjacent sheet pile wall elements of already completed columns. For this purpose, these profile locks can be protected against the ingress of cement or soil, for example by filling them with grease beforehand. According to another procedure, sheet pile wall elements are inserted individually into a part of the pillars or used in groups with their profile locks, if this is sufficient for the desired strength.

A favorable procedure which leads to economical use of concrete or cement suspension consists in that at least the injection columns provided with sheet pile wall or reinforcement elements are created with a circular sector cross section. This cross-section can accommodate the elements mentioned symmetrically and approximately in the middle. The amount of the circle sector can be of the order of 180 °. It is also possible to have two smaller circular sectors lying opposite one another.

Depending on the radius of a round or sector-shaped injection column, two or more pre-assembled sheet piling profiles can be brought down together with it.

According to the invention, at least groups of injection or vibrating columns are created fresh-in-fresh, the above-mentioned latching of the profile locks is readily possible. If there is a column connection freshly tied off due to work interruptions or for other reasons, then in a first preferred embodiment additional columns for reinforcement are to be created at the joint of the resulting wall parts, which can then be attached to the wall parts on one or both sides. Another or additional option is to use a suspension that can be freshly tied to a column connection by a sheet pile or reinforcement element of a new column in the area of the profile lock of a sheet pile or reinforcement element of an already set column, e.g. one with little Cement content or with bentonite or retarder components.

It is favorable to bring the sheet pile wall elements down approximately centrally in their respective pillars. In the case of injection columns using the SOILCRETE® process, it can be particularly advantageous here to create circular segment cross-sectional columns using two or more appropriately arranged nozzles or by means of a nozzle oscillating over an angular range with the injection rod, the opening angle of the columns being able to deviate somewhat from the semicircle.

According to an advantageous method, it is provided that the sheet pile or reinforcement element is connected to a non-rotating part of the injection rod during the sinking and an injection head with the injection nozzle or nozzles is driven to rotate or pivot relative to this configuration. As a result, the reinforcement element can be lowered without excessive resistance, while the injection column is created in the desired cross-sectional shape. A suitable one The device for carrying out the above-mentioned method is characterized in that an injection rod made up of a plurality of tubes lying one inside the other has an outer non-rotating part to which the guiding and intercepting devices for holding the sheet pile wall and reinforcing element are attached, and one that is not opposite it. rotating part rotatably or pivotally drivable injection head. According to a first embodiment, this can be connected in a rotationally fixed manner to an inner part of the injection rod, which in turn is driven in a corresponding manner by the drill head in a rotating or pivoting manner. The injection head can, however, also be in several parts, with a holder being connected in a rotationally fixed manner to any part of the injection linkage lying outside or inside, and a nozzle support part which can be driven in rotation or pivoting is provided, the movement of which is generated by a pressure medium. This pressure medium can in particular be water which is supplied via one of the channels formed by the plurality of tubes lying one inside the other. The pressure medium can leave the nozzle carrier essentially without pressure. The additional amount of liquid must then be taken into account in the composition of the suspension added to the drill head via another of the channels. It is also possible to return the pressure medium in a further one of the channels formed by the tubes lying one inside the other up to the drill head and let it exit there. An influence on the suspension is avoided.

The individual injection columns or vibrating columns can be created purely linearly but also with drill pipe or vibrator positions jumping to each other in a zigzag shape. Curved or semicircular courses of the column lines through which vault effects can be achieved can also be particularly favorable. Further details emerge from the drawings, in which some exemplary embodiments are described below.

Fig. 1 a-d

eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines ersten erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens in vier verschiedenen Phasen,

Fig. 2 a-d

eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines zweiten erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens in vier verschiedenen Phasen,

Fig. 3

einen Querschnitt durch ein erstes Vorrichtungsdetail zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,

Fig. 4

einen Querschnitt durch ein zweites Vorrichtungsdetail zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,

Fig. 5a

eine einzelne erfindungsgemäße Säule im Kreissegmentquerschnitt,

Fig. 5b

einen erfindungsgemäßen wandförmigen Körper in einer ersten Ausführung,

Fig. 5c

einen erfindungsgemäßen wandförmigen Körper in einer zweiten Ausführung,

Fig. 5d

einen erfindungsgemäßen wandförmigen Körper in einer dritten Ausführung.

Here shows

Fig. 1 ad

a device for carrying out a first method according to the invention in four different phases,

Fig. 2 ad

a device for carrying out a second method according to the invention in four different phases,

Fig. 3

3 shows a cross section through a first device detail for carrying out the method according to the invention,

Fig. 4

3 shows a cross section through a second device detail for carrying out the method according to the invention,

Fig. 5a

a single column according to the invention in the circular segment cross section,

Fig. 5b

a wall-shaped body according to the invention in a first embodiment,

Fig. 5c

a wall-shaped body according to the invention in a second embodiment,

Fig. 5d

a wall-shaped body according to the invention in a third embodiment.

In FIGS. 1a to 1c, parts that correspond to one another are assigned the same numbers. A caterpillar vehicle 1 with a drilling rig 2, a drilling and injecting head 3 and a guiding and intercepting device 4 is symbolically recognizable.

In FIG. 1a, a sheet pile wall element 6 is pulled with one end in the direction of the drilling and injection head 3 over a symbolically illustrated winch rope 5. On the drilling and injecting head 3 there is a clamping device 7 to be described in more detail and on the drilling stand 2 below a known guiding and intercepting device 8 for the drilling and injecting rods.

In FIG. 1b, the sheet pile wall element 6 has been transferred into a vertical position via the winch cable 5 and has been inserted from below or laterally into the tensioning device 7 and the guide device 8. The lower end of the drilling and injection rod 9 stands on the floor, while the lower edge of the sheet pile element, on the other hand, is slightly back in the vertical working direction.

In FIG. 1c, the drilling and injection linkage 9 has already been partially lowered into the ground, a cutting beam 10 acting and thereby creating a bottom opening 11. The drilling and injection head 3 is pulled downwards via a winch arrangement (not shown in detail) together with the tensioning device 7 in the drilling frame 2, while the guiding and intercepting devices 4 and 8 are recognizably stationary.

In Figure 1d, the end position of the drilling and injection rod 9 and the sheet pile element 6 is shown. The floor opening 11 is filled with a cement-floor mixture 12. The suspension used can form the cutting jet itself or can be fed independently of a cutting jet of water through a further nozzle through the drilling and injection rod. In the position shown, the tensioning device 7 will have to be released. If the drilling and injection head 3 with the When the drill and injection rods 9 are withdrawn into the position a via the positions in FIGS. B and c, the sheet pile wall element 6 remains in its position, at most still sagging vertically - held by the guiding and intercepting device 8. The caterpillar vehicle can now be moved laterally and a further process of the same type can be started, the floor openings 11 cutting and the profile locks of adjacent sheet pile wall elements being inserted into one another.

In FIGS. 2a to 2c, parts that correspond to one another are assigned the same numbers, which correspond to those in FIGS. 1a to 1c again. A crawler vehicle 1 with a drilling stand 2, a deep vibrator 32 and a vibrating stand 2 can be seen in each case.

In FIG. 2a, a sheet pile wall element 6 is pulled over one winch rope 5 with one end in the direction of the upper end of the deep vibrator 32. A clamping device 7 to be described in more detail, a known guide device 24 at the lower end of the vibrating frame 2 and a guide device 26 at the lower part of the deep vibrator are arranged on this.

In FIG. 2b the sheet pile wall element 6 has been transferred into a vertical position via the winch cable 5 and has been inserted from below or laterally into the tensioning device 7 and into the guide device 26. The lower end of the deep vibrator 32 stands on the floor, while the lower edge of the sheet pile element 6, on the other hand, stands back in the vertical working direction.

In FIG. 2c, the deep vibrator 32 has already been partially vibrated into the ground, the sheet pile element advancing parallel to the deep vibrator guided over the guide device.

In Figure 2d, the end position of the deep vibrator 32 and the sheet pile element 6 is shown. The latter is located laterally in the bottom opening 31. After loosening the tensioning device 7, the deep vibrator 32 is now pulled while filling in cement suspension or concrete and thus filling the borehole 31, the sheet pile wall element being provided with a laterally sealing position for this purpose. If a reinforcement body with perforations is used instead of the sheet pile wall element, the reinforcement element is integrated into the resulting column.

3 shows the drilling and injection head 3 with the drilling and injection linkage 9 in cross section without the connection to the slide, the tensioning device 7 with a sheet pile element 6 held therein being shown systematically. This consists of a U-profile 13 with two claw parts 14, 15 fastened at the ends and pivotable, and a support plate 16 for the sheet pile element 6. The size of the U-profile and the claws attached to it is such that the corresponding profile when the claws are open 14, 15 can be inserted laterally and can be held by the claws with support on the support plate 16. With a slight modification or using different claws, the sheet piling profile 6 can also be held in the clamping device 7 in a position rotated by 180 °. The guide devices 8 and 26 are constructed in principle in the same way, but without a fixed clamping, but in such a way that a guide with play is created.

FIG. 4 shows the drilling and injection head 3 with the drilling and injection linkage 9 in the same manner as in FIG. 3 in cross section, the tensioning device 7 'being shown systematically with a sheet pile element held therein. The cross section consists of a symmetrical guide piece 33 and claws 14 ', 15' which can be moved transversely therein, into which a sheet pile element 6 can be inserted laterally and can be clamped by the movable claws with support on a support plate 16 '.

The claws engage in side walls of the sheet pile wall element so that they can be brought down along the edge of the building with the free legs of the U-profile. This will bring your distance from the development to zero.

FIG. 5a shows a cross section through a column, which can be seen in its position relative to the drilling and injection head 3 and to the drilling and injection linkage 9 and which was created by a nozzle jet covering only an angle of somewhat more than 180 °. Drilling and injection head 3, drilling and injection linkage 9 and support plate 16 lie above the cutting plane and are shown in broken lines. In the exemplary embodiment shown here, the sheet piling profile 6 is placed in reverse relation to that from FIG. 2 against the support plate 16. The holding claws, not shown, would accordingly be used in a modified form. The bottom opening 11 with the suspension 12 can reach as underpinning under a building edge 17 shown in dashed lines.

In Figure 5b it can be seen how along the edge of the building 17 in a row floor bodies 11 according to Figure 3a and circular floor bodies 18 according to the usual SOILCRETE® method with a circumferential jet or in pure injection technology in a certain arrangement in a row. Only the floor elements 11 accommodate the sheet piling elements 6 mentioned for reinforcement or reinforcement. Two of the floor bodies 18 alternate with one of the floor bodies 11. The axial distance "x" between two Soil bodies 11 of the first type are, for example, approximately 200 cm if the width b, according to FIG. 5a, is approximately 100 cm. The protrusion from the edge of the building to the front edge of the sheet piling profile is denoted by "y" (eg 40 cm), the protrusion of the pillar body itself from the edge of the building 17 is denoted by z "(eg 50 cm).

FIG. 5 c shows how, along the edge of the building 17, floor elements 11 according to FIG. 5 a and circular floor elements 18 are assembled in a curved line to form a vertical barrel vault using the usual SOILCRETE® method. Only the floor elements 11 have sheet pile elements 6 as reinforcement. The axial grid dimension "x" between two floor bodies 11 of the first type can, as in FIG. 5b, be of the order of magnitude of 200 cm.

In Figure 5d, first floor body 19 with an opening angle of approximately 90-120 ° and a radius r 1 and second floor body 20 with an opening angle β of approximately 200 ° and a radius r 2 are alternately arranged to each other so that each is oppositely oriented Sheet piles with their profile locks, which lie on a line 21, are locked together.

Reference list

1

Caterpillar

2nd

Drilling stand / vibrating stand

3rd

Drilling and injection head

4th

Guide and injection head

5

Winch rope

6

Sheet pile element

7

Jig

8th

Guiding and interception device

9

Drill and injection rods

10th

Cutting beam

11

Floor opening / floor body

12th

Cement-floor mixture / suspension

13

U profile

14

Claw part

15

Claw part

16

Support plate

17th

Building edge

18th

Soil body

19th

Soil body

20th

Soil body

21

line

22

Guide and mounting sled

23

Top vibrator

24th

Guide device

26

Guide device

31

Bottom opening / borehole

32

Deep vibrator

33

Guide piece

Claims (16)

1. A process of producing wall- or cover-like concrete or cement members in the soil, wherein parallel injection columns at least contacting one another are produced one after the other by the jet grouting method from an injection rod driven into the soil, and, after having hardened, form the concrete or cememt member, with at least a group of adjoining injection columns, prior to the hardening of individual columns, being produced "fresh-into-fresh" while penetrating one another,
   characterised in
   that together with the injection rod (9), sheet pile wall or reinforcement elements (6) are lowered inside an injection column (11) and remain in the injection column (11) when the injection rod (9) is lifted.
2. A process of producing wall- or cover-like concrete or cement members in the soil, wherein parallel vibrated concrete columns at least contacting one another are produced one after the other by a depth vibrator driven into the soil and, after having hardened, form the concrete or cement member, with at least a group of adjoining vibrated concrete columns, prior to the hardening of individual columns, being produced "fresh-into-fresh" while penetrating one another,
   characterised in
   that together with a depth vibrator (32), sheet pile wall or reinforcement elements (6) are lowered individually or in groups so as to extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the depth vibrator (32), and remain in the soil so as to extend parallel to the vibrated column being produced when the depth vibrator is lifted.
3. A process according to claim 1 or 2,
   characterised in
   that the sheet pile wall or reinforcement elements (6), while being lowered, are subjected to constant axial loads, especially by tensile cable means with a variable tensile force acting on a drill- or injection-head (3) of the injection rod (9) or on a guiding slide (22) of the depth vibrator (32).
4. A process according to claim 1,
   characterised in
   that, while being lowered, the sheet pile wall or reinforcement elements (6) are subjected to loads by being axially and, optionally, laterally vibrated, especially by a vibrator attachment (23) or an impact device attachment attached to the sheet pile wall or reinforcement elements (6).
5. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
   characterised in
   that the sheet pile wall or reinforcement elements (6) of the adjoining injection columns or vibrated concrete columns are connected to one another through engagement of their profile locks.
6. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
   characterised in
   that the sheet pile wall or reinforcement elements (6) are introduced for reinforcing purposes only into part of the injection columns or vibrated concrete columns.
7. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
   characterised in
   that the injection nozzle or the point of the vibrator head precedes the edge of the respective sheet pile wall or reinforcement element, preferably by a distance ranging between 0.1 and 1.5 m.
8. A process according to any one of claims 1 or 3 to 7,
   characterised in
   that the cross-section of at least the injection columns provided with sheet pile wall or reinforcement elements has the shape of a sector of a circle.
9. A process according to any one of claims 1 or 3 to 8,
   characterised in
   that the concrete or cement suspension is injected at a pressure of approximately 200 - 400 bar, especially in a flowing quantity in excess of 90 l/min.
10. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
    characterised in
    that for connecting injection columns or vibrated concrete columns in cases where "fresh material meets hardened material", one or several additional columns are produced for reinforcing purposes, after at least the terminal columns of a group of columns have hardened at the joints.
11. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
    characterised in
    that for connecting the injection columns or vibrated concrete columns in cases where "fresh material meets hardened material", use is made of a suspension which may be cut by a sheet pile wall or reinforcement element after at least the terminal columns of a group of columns have hardened.
12. A process according to any one of claims 1 or 3 to 11,
    characterised in
    that, when being lowered, the sheet pile wall or reinforcement element (6) is connected to a non-rotating part of the injection rod (9) and that, relative to this configuration, an injection head, when being driven in, is operated so as to be made to rotate or swivel by machanical means or pressure agents.
13. A device having an injection rod (9) guided in a drill- and injection head (3), for carrying out a process according to any one of claims 1 or 3 to 12, but only if referred to claim 1, or having a depth vibrator (32) guided in a guiding slide (22) for carrying out a process according to any one of claims 2, 3, 5 to 7, or 10 to 12, but only if referred to claim 2,
    characterised
    by clamping devices (7) arranged at the drill- and injection-head (3) or at the guiding slide (22) and by guiding and support devices (8, 26) arranged therebeneath, into which a sheet pile wall or reinforcement element (6) may be inserted so as to be clamped in.
14. A device according to claim 13,
    characterised
    by an axial propulsion assembly acting directly or indirectly on the sheet pile wall or reinforcement element.
15. A device according to claim 13,
    characterised
    by a vibrator or impact assembly acting directly or indirectly on the sheet pile wall or reinforcement element.
16. A device according to any one of claims 13 to 15,
    characterised in
    that a multi-pipe injection rod (9) comprises a non-rotating part connected to the guiding and support devices and an injection head which, relative to the non-rotating part, is driven by mechanical means or pressure agents and capable of a rotating or swivelling movement.

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