WO2019158459A1

WO2019158459A1 - Shoring equipment

Info

Publication number: WO2019158459A1
Application number: PCT/EP2019/053242
Authority: WO
Inventors: Wilhelm Hess
Original assignee: Heitkamp, Theo
Priority date: 2018-02-13
Filing date: 2019-02-11
Publication date: 2019-08-22
Also published as: EP3752680A1; DE202019100752U1

Abstract

The invention relates to a support which can be inserted into a bore in the ground for shoring equipment for bracing a wall of a pit or trench, having guide elements for bracing a side edge of at least one shoring panel, wherein the shoring panel is retained by two supports located at a distance from one another. The support comprises brackets for the guide elements in which, following the excavation of the soil, the guide elements can be attached in a use position projecting from the profile of the support in order to create a support for shoring equipment which permits the use of large shoring plates in a simpler and less expensive manner, even in deep pits or trenches.

Description

Building device

description

The invention relates to a support for a shoring device, a shoring device for

Supporting a wall of a pit or trench and a method of supporting a wall of a pit or trench.

Many different methods and devices for the construction of trenches and excavations are known in the prior art. A trench burying method using edge-supported cladding is known e.g. known from the publication WO 2007/122255 A2. Here are bogies with pairwise opposing supports, which are held by spreading at a distance, and with large-scale Verbauplatten whose edges are supported against two successive columns lowered during the excavation of a trench in the trench. Up to certain trench widths, these shoring devices have proved to be very advantageous. The installation is quick and comfortable and the support of the trench wall is very safe.

For larger and deeper trenches or excavations, the technique of the carrier screed has prevailed. The principle of a carrier screed is known for example from the document DE 20 2009 004 943 Ul. In a carrier screed holes are placed in the ground at regular intervals and supports made of steel profiles used in the holes. The foot of the holes will be forfeited with concrete or a similar anchor material. Subsequently, the holes will expire again with soil. When the foot of the columns has solidified, the soil within the excavation or trench is excavated with a backhoe. When excavating the soil, wooden planks are inserted between two successive columns, each cut to the length of the distance between the columns. Although this method is proven, but very expensive, because the distance between two supports must be filled with individually made wooden planks. This process is very time consuming and kosteninten siv.

It has already been proposed to arrange large-scale shoring plates between the supports of a carrier screed wall. However, this is associated with considerable difficulties. Especially with very deep excavations and supports of 10 or 20 meters in height, it is very difficult and time-consuming to set up the supports so precisely that the shoring panels are reliably guided over their entire height of usually more than 2 m from the supports. If the vertical supports are only 1 ° out of the way, then with 10-meter-high columns there is a risk that the upper shoring panels will no longer be reliably seized by the guiding devices and fall out of the columns and into the interior of the trench or excavation , As things stand today, it is not possible to arrange earth bores and the vertical supports used therein with the required precision, so that the supports provide secure support for large-area steel panels. In the document EP 0 144 007 A2 a shoring for supporting a wall of an excavation pit or a trench has been proposed, which can be inserted at intervals in the ground, vertical supports and insertable between these columns and with the supports a Verbau wall forming shoring panels. The parallel side edges of the shoring panels are supported by guide means located on both side walls of the supports. To compensate for inaccuracies th the position of two adjacent supports, the guide means in the plane of the shoring wall by means of adjusting drives are adjustably attached to the support. In this way it is possible to adjust the guide means of the support so that the Verbauplatten be held securely. Furthermore, it is also possible that, when the supports are too close, the guide devices are moved toward the longitudinal central axis of the supports, so that the lining plates can be inserted between the supports and their guide devices without being clamped, and can be pulled out of these guides just as easily.

In practice, however, this proposal has proven to be too complex and economically unviable. Each support has at the front and at the back parallel to the plane of the Verbauwand freely projecting flanges, between which the guide means are slidably held. The guide means are composed of a box-shaped guide body and guide elements attached thereto. The guide body is displaceable by adjusting drives in the plane of the wall. This complex structure and the sophisticated mechanism for adjusting the guide devices are not suitable for being used in the polluted environment of a construction pit. In addition, even when the guide body is completely retracted, the guide means, namely guide pins fixed to the box-shaped guide bodies, protrude laterally from the H-shaped profile of the support to a considerable extent. It is therefore necessary to provide a much larger bore than for a support beam wall for the installation of the support, because the bore not only the profile of the support, but also from the profile laterally projecting guide pin must accommodate. Finally, the Füh approximately body can be adjusted only after the complete exposure and the Verbauplatte be installed only after the adjustment. It represents a significant safety risk if only after the excavation of soil over the entire height of the Verbauplatte the trench wall can be secured by inserting the Verbauplatte.

Korean Patent Application KR10-2014-0067444A proposes to install a cylindrical support in the ground and then to install first holders for the edge of a lining plate on both sides. On the support holes are mounted, are inserted into the bolts, with which angle profiles are mounted, which extend substantially vertically over at least half the height of the Verbauplatte. To attach the angle sections, a large part of the length of the support must be exposed, so that during installation of the angle profiles a significant height of the exposed trench wall can not be secured by a Verbauplatte. This exposure poses a significant security risk. In addition, the vertically extending holder have only a narrow support bar for the edge of the Verbauplatte. So they are not suitable to compensate for significant distance fluctuations between two consecutive columns. The object of the invention is to provide a support for a shoring device, a shoring device and a Verbauverfahren that allow a simpler and more cost-effective way, the use of large-scale shoring plates even at depths excavations or ditches.

This object is solved by the features of the independent claims. The dependent claims describe advantageous embodiments of the invention.

It is proposed a support for a Verbauvorrichtung for supporting a wall of a pit or trench, the guide elements for supporting a side edge of at least one Verbauplatte, wherein the Verbauplatte is supported by two spaced-apart supports and wherein each side edge of the Verbauplatte on a group of

Supporting guide elements. To achieve the above object, the support has a plurality of verti cal distance with each other arranged brackets for the guide elements on which the guide elements in the excavation of the soil from top to bottom in each case after the exposure of the holder successively attaching in a position of use of the profile of the support - Are bar, wherein on each holder, a guide member is attachable, which extends substantially horizontally and parallel to the wall and protrudes in its longitudinal direction at least on one side on the profile of the support. In other words, in their installation configuration, that is, in the arrangement in which the support is inserted into the bore, the guide elements are separated from the support, or the guide elements are mounted in an installed position within the profile of the support. The mounting in the ground bore can consequently be introduced with a gerbohlwände usual for Trä, quite small diameter, because they only need to be large enough for the profile of the support and during insertion of the support no lateral Führungsele elements protrude from the profile of the support out. Only after inserting the support in the hole in the ground and during the excavation of the soil, the guide elements are successively brought to the excavation of the soil in their position of use, in which they protrude horizontally from the profile of the support by a sufficient degree in order to form a secure support for the edge of the lining, even if the distance between the supports varies due to the required installation tolerances. A common diameter for a thermowell, which is lowered when mounting the hole in the bore and the wall of which is lined, for example, is 670 mm. A support with a width and a depth of just under 500 mm can be used in the protective tube. The to be attached to the support guide elements project laterally beyond the diameter of the protective tube, because they are attached only after the pulling of the protective tube and the exposure of the guide element associated with the holder used in the ground support in the position of use extend in the use Stel development Guide elements substantially horizontally at least on one side of the support and parallel to the plane of the wall to be produced. The term "lateral" with respect to the support refers to the front view of the vertical support, as it is arranged in the wall, seen from the inside of the pit or trench on the wall. At least on one side of the support extends a group of guide elements on which a side edge of a Verbauplatte supported. When the support is at the end of the wall, guide elements need only be on one of their sides. When the support is removed from the end of the wall, the guide elements extend horizontally on both sides of the support so that the support is on each side Side edge of a Verbauplatte is supported. For a plurality of lining plates arranged one below the other, a plurality of groups of guide elements can be arranged on the support with one another.

Since the guide elements do not protrude from the profile when installing the support, the supports can be installed with the same effort and using the conventional technique for attaching the holes and inserting the supports of a carrier screed. By the subsequently brought into the outstanding position of the support profile use position guide elements a length of the guide zone is obtained, which is several times the guide zone of a conventional carrier screed. As a result, the support can be installed with a very large tolerance in the ground and yet form a secure support for the two mutually parallel side edges of large-scale rectangular shoring plates made of steel.

If, during installation of the support in the bore, the guide elements are mounted in an installed position within the profile of the support, they must be tilted, pivoted or pushed after excavation of the soil in a use position in which they are sufficient in length in the plane extend the wall to be produced to support the shoring plate. In practice, it has been found useful to keep the guide elements separate from the support in an installation configuration. This avoids the risk that the guide elements are damaged or dirty when installed in the ground. Only after inserting the support in the hole in the ground and after lifting the ground, the guide elements are attached to the support, in particular horizontally inserted and fixed in openings of the support. This approach also has the advantage that the support means on the support, which form the supports for the guide elements, can be made very robust as openings in the steel material of the support. Even if the support is installed in the ground by other installation methods, for example by shaking or ramming, such as the sheet piling of a sheet pile wall, it is preferable to separate the guide elements from the support in an installation configuration.

The inner side of the support facing away from the ground when installed can be free from wall-parallel flanges. In this context, "wall-parallel" means a direction parallel to the plane of the wall to be made, that is, parallel to the plane of the lining plates arranged between two successive supports In particular, in connection with slab plates inclined at an angle to the vertical plane and guided on the supports, the absence of wall-parallel flanges on the inside of the support facing away from the ground is significant. Due to the absence of flanges, which run parallel to the plane of the pit or trench wall to be supported, large-area shoring plates between two successive columns inclined to the wall plane can be inserted obliquely from the interior of the pit or trench between two successive columns without having such wall-parallel flanges collide. In this way, it is possible to arrange a large number of shingles among each other to form a wall of great height of e.g. 12 m and more.

The lying to the ground portion of the support, however, may have flanges extending from the central region of the support wall parallel outward. These flanges can either form the outside of the support or each approximately in the outer third of a web of the Be attached support. These flanges, which run parallel to the plane of the wall to be supported, prevent obliquely inclined slab plates, which are inclined toward the vertical wall plane, from being pushed out of the support towards the ground. The lower ends of the edges of the sheathing plates contact the flanges, preventing further insertion.

The Aufhahmevorrichtungen can be, for example, transverse openings in the support, which are formed in particular by receiving tubes. Transverse means that the axes of the openings or the receiving tubes extend horizontally in the plane of the wall of the trench or excavation. The receiving tubes may be structural components of the support and connect two steel profiles, which form parts of the support together. Also, several mutually aligned in the horizontal direction openings in opposite steel walls of the support can together form a receptacle for an elongated guide element.

A guide element to be attached to the holder or receptacle may comprise at least one of the following elements:

• a guide shaft;

• A spacer sleeve which is attachable shaft between the support and the edge of the lining plate on the Füh;

• A roller, which is to be arranged on the guide shaft and on which the edge of the shoring plate is supported. In practice, each of the guide elements may comprise all of these components. If the Aufnah men for the guide elements receiving tubes whose axes are horizontal in the built-in support and in the plane of the wall to be generated, a guide shaft can be inserted as a guide element in each pick-up tube. The guide shaft can be chosen to be sufficiently long to ensure a safe support for the edge of the lining plate even with varying distance between the supports. Depending on the distance between two consecutive supports, spacers of different length can be mounted between the support and the edge of the lining plate on the guide shaft. The inner diameter of the spacer sleeve may substantially correspond to the outer diameter of the guide shaft. The outer diameter of the spacer sleeve is large enough so that the end face of the spacer sleeve securely bears against the end face of the lining plate and secures it against displacement in the plane of the wall. In the region in which the edge of the lining plate rests against the guide shaft, a roller can be arranged are supported on the edge of the Verbauplatte. The roller reduces the friction between the edge of the lining plate and the guide shaft. The inner diameter of the spacer sleeve can correspond in this case to the outer diameter of the roller, so that the spacer sleeve surrounds the roller. The guide shaft can also be used without a roller.

As mentioned above, the support is intended for very high walls and can reach a height of 10 to 20 m. Large-area shingles usually have a height of 2 to 3 m, usually between 2.30 m and 2.40 m. In order to be able to fasten a plurality of lining panels one above the other to the support, as in EP 0 144 007 A2, the guide elements can be arranged in groups which each extend over a height section of the support and in each case a guide plane for define a lining plate which is inclined to the longitudinal axis of the support by a small angle, for example 3 ° to 8 °. Each edge of the Verbauplatte is based on a group of Füh approximately elements, which are arranged in alignment with each other on two successive columns. Due to the inclination of the lining plate, after installation of the uppermost lining plate in the area of the uppermost group of guide elements, a second lining plate can be installed underneath and under this lining plate a third, etc

In practice, the support may consist of two extending over the entire length of the support

Consist of steel profiles which are interconnected by Aufpahmerohre welded between the steel profiles. In particular, the two steel profiles may have an L-shaped cross-section. Previous supports, in particular the supports of EP 0 144 007 A2 had a H-shaped cross-section with outer, lying to the wall of the trench or excavation flanges against which the soil rests outside the pit or trench, and with inner flanges. The inner flanges support the sheathing plates or the adjustable guide means which hold the sheathing plates. In contrast, the newly proposed support proposes the subsequent isolated attachment of guide elements, in particular of guide shafts, which can be inserted into retaining tubes. The guide elements or guide shafts extending substantially horizontally and parallel to the plane of the wall to be produced hold the edges of the lining panels. The lying to the interior of the pit or trench flange of the supports can therefore be omitted. The follower tubes, which extend between two mutually parallel webs of the supports connect these webs together by being welded thereto. The webs of the support extend perpendicular to the wall plane and the Aufhahmerohre extend parallel to the wall plane. Since the stacked overhead tubes in groups in the direction perpendicular to the wall plane, i. are offset in the plane of the web to each other, the Aufhahmerohre are distributed over both the height and across the width of the webs and form of the two L-shaped steel profiles a very stable support, even without an internal flange.

The guide elements or guide shafts extend in the position of use substantially horizontally and parallel to the plane of the wall to be generated. Two mutually arranged brackets and the guide elements attached thereto have a distance in the vertical direction, for example, from 30 cm to 50 cm. In this way, the soil in front of the wall by about 30 cm to 50 cm excavated until a new holder exposed and a new guide element is attached to the support. Then the lining plate is pushed to the bottom of the trench or pit. This excavation depth of 30 cm to 50 cm corresponds to the excavation depth in the production of a conventional carrier screed wall, which must be exposed to insert a new screed between two consecutive columns. At this excavation depth, it is ensured that the freestanding ground does not flow into the ditch or pit and endangers workers there. The shoring and the shoring method make it possible to attach a new guide element to the support after a small excavation of soil and press the shoring plate to the bottom and thus secure at any time in the trench or in the pit workers. The sheathing slides freely on the guide elements and can be easily pressed into the ground. When dismantling the shoring plates can be pulled smoothly again, so that the dismantling can be done much faster than conventional shoring. The outer flanges of the support, which support the soil with built-in support, form stops for the edges of the sheathing plates, so that the obliquely guided on the webs of the support edges of the shoring plates are not pushed to the ground out of the support out. The outer flanges can be interrupted between the webs. However, the outer flanges pointing towards the ground can also be continuous, so that the area between the webs is closed and the support has a continuous back belt which forms an outer wall of the support. The outer wall may have openings at different heights between the webs, so that an anchor for stabilizing the support between the webs can protrude through. It is also possible that the central webs protrude by a few millimeters on the outer flanges, without hindering the installation of the support in the protective tube. Such a continuous back strap is advantageous, for example, in a supported or rammed into the ground support, which will be described in detail below.

The invention also relates to a shoring device for supporting a wall of an excavation pit or a trench, consisting of insertable into the ground at intervals, vertical supports and insertable between two successive columns during excavation of the soil and with the columns a Verbauwand forming Verbauplatten on their parallel Side edges of located on both supports guide elements are supported, which supports the above-described enclosed type has. In particular, a plurality of shoring panels are stackable between two consecutive columns and for each lateral edge of each shoring panel defines a group of guide elements a guide plane which is inclined to the longitudinal axis of the support. The angle of inclination should be chosen so that the underlying lining plate can be inserted into its guiding plane without colliding with the overlying lining plate. As a tilt angle for the Füh tion level of the shoring with respect to the vertical longitudinal axis of the support, a value of about 3 ° to 8 ° has proven. In practice, the guiding plane for the uppermost lining plate may optionally be parallel to the longitudinal axis of the support. In this case, the uppermost lining plate is vertically aligned and only the guide planes of the groups below the uppermost group are inclined. The vertical orientation of the top Verbauplatte the risk that the Verbauplatte tilts during installation. It should be noted that for installation first the soil is removed over a height of about 50 cm and the top guide elements are attached to the two supports located in each other. Thereafter, the Verbauplatten, for example, are 250 cm high, set in the excavated area and pressed into the ground. In an inclined position of the lining plate would this at the beginning of the installation process tipped by its own weight, because it is kept away only by a guide element on each side about 50 cm from the bottom of the shoring. A vertical Verbauplatte does not tip over. The support force by the one guide element on each side about 50 cm from the bottom of the Verbauplatte away is sufficient to stabilize a vertical Verbauplatte. The top Verbauplatte can be installed vertically in this case. The underlying shoring panels must be installed in a plane inclined to the vertical in order to avoid a collision with the overlying shoring panel. At the beginning of installation, when half of their height is not yet supported by guide elements, these shoring plates can tilt into the interior of the trench or pit. In order to avoid this, at least one fixing element can be provided, which guides the upper region of a lining plate when it is pushed into the group of guide elements in the inclined guide plane. The fixing element can be fastened, for example above the group of guide elements for the affected shoring plate to the wall and in particular to the support for the wall of the excavation or trench and form a support for the downward plate edge. In practice, two fixing elements may be provided each on a support in the region of the edge of the lining plate are temporarily fastened.

Alternatively, the fixing elements can be arranged at the level of the guide elements for the plate edge in order to prevent tilting of the lining plate. These fixing elements can be inserted similar to the guide elements in receiving tubes of the support. While the guide elements support the downwardly facing side edge of the inclined Verbauplatte, is as possible on each side of a fixing element at the lower end of the lining plate against the upwardly facing edge and thus prevents tilting of the inclined Verbauplatte. The fixing element is arranged near the uppermost guide element of the group guide elements for the affected shoring plate. The distance of this fixing element to the inclined support level of the lining plate on the guide elements (management level) is slightly larger than the plate thickness, so that the Verbauplatte is held with little play in its inclined plane. If such a fixing element is also arranged near the uppermost guide element for the upper Verbauplatte, this can also be performed in an inclined plane. This results in the advantage that all Verbauplatten a wall are installed in the same way with a slight inclination.

Furthermore, the shoring device may comprise one or more covering boards, which are provided for covering the soil in the gap between the edge of the shoring plate and the support. A certain area of the gap between plate edge and support can be covered by a flange of the support facing the ground. If, for example, because of a slight inclination of the support, the gap is too large or if the support itself has no flange, a covering can be provided, which is supported on the one hand on the edge of the shoring plate and on the other hand on the guide elements in a region near the support , The cover boards ensure that the gaps between the edge of the board and the support are largely closed. The shoring device may comprise a set of coverboards with different widths, so that the covering width of the respectively required width can be flexibly attached to the sheathing panel. In practice, the sheathing panel may have a groove at its edge. The cover can have at its edge a short edge web, which is guided positively in the groove. At the opposite edge of the cover can have a long edge web, which bridges the thickness of the lining plate and is supported against the guide elements for the Verbauplatte. Like the lining panels, the steel cover panels can also be made as a welded construction. Finally, the invention relates to a method for supporting a wall of a pit or a trench, in which vertical supports are installed at intervals to each other in the ground and the soil between two successive columns is excavated. To achieve the object according to the invention, the method has the following steps:

• Following the excavation of the soil is successively from top to bottom in each case a Füh approximately element arranged on several mutually arranged brackets of the support in a Ge position of employment from the profile of the support outstanding, with the Füh guiding element in the use position substantially horizontally and parallel to the wall extends and protrudes from the profile of the support at least on one side,

• between two successive columns are pushed in the excavation of the soil Verbauplat th, which are supported at their parallel Seitenrändem located on both supports guide elements and together with the supports form a Verbauwand, each side edge of a Verbauplatte of a group of vertically spaced apart guide elements is supported.

The guide elements are thus following the excavation of the soil at a vertically spaced mounts, e.g. the above-mentioned receiving tubes, the support arranged. First, the top bracket is exposed by excavation of the soil and the guide member mounted near the top of the bracket of the support and then the underlying, u.s.w. A worker can simultaneously apply two to three overlaying guide members when working in very solid soil, when the brackets (e.g., hoist) have a vertical distance of, for example, 50 cm to 80 cm from each other. For soft soil, the guide elements must be individually attached to the brackets and the Verbauplatte be nachgeschoben after attaching a guide element to the bottom of the trench or excavation.

In the method, a plurality of shingles may be stacked on top of each other between two posts and for the edge of each shingle a group of guide elements may be attached to the column defining a guide plane that is inclined to the longitudinal axis of the column, for example by an angle of e.g. 3 ° to 8 ° is inclined. In this way, at a height of the lining plate of e.g. 240 cm walls with a height of 12 m and more can be made.

The procedure ensures full flexibility. The wall can be formed at any height, that is, the soil within the pit or trench can be excavated between two aufeinan of the following supports at any depth and supported by inserting Verbauplatten. Unlike known trenching methods, e.g. according to the WO

2007/122255 A2, in which the columns are also built following the excavation in the trench, in the method according to the invention, the columns in full length in a hole in the

Soil is used, and the hole is then eroded again with soil. Only then are the columns and the section of the pit or trench wall extending between two columns exposed by excavating the ground between two columns. An excavator can excavate the soil at any time between two consecutive columns, and this process can be interrupted if necessary. This allows the lifting of the Soil with maximum efficiency and safety. Excavations or trenches can be dug uniformly in this way, the wall sections between two columns each following the excavation be supported by inserted between the supports shoring panels. In contrast to the digging method according to WO 2007/122255 A2, the supports which are already firmly installed in the ground can not shift and trap the lining panels. Therefore, the Verbauplatten according to the new method smoothly on the Führungsele elements are displaced.

As mentioned above, in practice, the guide level for the upper Verbauplatte run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the support, so that the lining plate is vertically aligned during installation and does not tip over. For the underlying inclined to install shoring panels temporary fixing elements may be provided which guide the upper portion of the shoring plate when inserted into the group guide elements in the inclined guide level. The temporary fixing elements can be fastened above the guide level for the affected shoring plate on the wall and in particular on the support. Alternatively, the above-described fixing elements can be arranged on each support in the upper region of the plane of the guide elements for the lining plate, which prevent tilting of the lining plate.

Further practical embodiments and advantages of the invention are described below in connexion with the drawings.

Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of a partially excavated, open excavation with backup by means of the shoring device according to the invention.

Fig. 2 shows one of the Fig. 1 corresponding sectional view of the excavated excavation completely.

FIG. 3 shows a perspective top view of the upper end of the support of the shoring devices according to FIGS. 1 and 2.

4 shows a plan view of the support from FIG. 3

FIG. 5 shows a plan view according to FIG. 4 cut in the middle of the first receiving tube.

Fig. 6 shows a front view of the support of Figs. 4 and 5 on a reduced scale.

FIG. 7 shows a side view of the support from FIG. 6. FIG.

FIG. 8 shows a sectional view corresponding to FIG. 2 of a trench with two opposite trench walls, which are each supported by a shoring device according to the invention.

FIG. 9 shows an enlarged view, cut along section line IX - IX in FIG. 8, of the left support and the end of a spreader, which keeps the two trench walls at a distance. Fig. 10 shows a variant of the support with means which prevent the tipping of Verbauplatten during installation.

11 shows a side view of a fixing element on the support, in which one half of the support is partially cut away in the region of the fixing element.

Fig. 12 shows a plan view of the attached to the support fixing element with cut support.

Fig. 13 shows a three-dimensional view of the fixing element, in which the contours of the support are traced in dashed lines.

Figs. 14 and 15 show three-dimensional views of the fixing element without support.

Fig. 16 shows a sectional side view of the insulated fixing element.

Fig. 17 shows a plan view of the side of another practical embodiment of the support facing the interior of the pit or trench.

FIG. 18 shows a view of the support from FIG. 17 cut along the section line A - A in FIG. 17.

Fig. 19 is a sectional view taken along section line B-B in Fig. 18 of the support.

Fig. 19a shows schematically a possible variation of the column profile.

FIG. 20 shows a view, cut along the section line C - C in FIG. 18, of the support from FIGS. 17 to 19.

Fig. 21 is an enlarged view of the detail X of Fig. 18 showing the top of the post.

Fig. 22 shows a plan view of the upper end of the support.

FIG. 23 shows a cross section of a trench created with supports from FIGS. 17 to 22.

Fig. 24 shows a view of a wall of the trench of Fig. 23 seen from the center of the trench.

Fig. 25 shows a schematic three-dimensional view of a portion of a support and a Verbauplatte with a cover.

Fig. 26 shows a schematic three-dimensional view of an upper portion of another embodiment of the support which may be rammed or shaken into the ground. FIG. 27 shows a plan view, cut in the middle of the guide shaft, of the support of FIG. 26 with a guide element and a fixing element on both sides. FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1, a wall of an open excavation 1 is chained by a shoring device, which is composed of, for example eight, ten or twenty feet long supports 2, which are held by anchors 3, in particular Verpressankem, in its vertical position and off Shoring 4, which are supported on both lateral edges of guide elements 5, which are arranged on both sides of the support 2. Depending on the height of the wall to be supported, two, three, four, five or more shoring panels 4 can be arranged one above the other, in particular staggered. It can be seen that the lower edges of the Verbauplatten 4 have a cutting edge, can be sheared off by the protruding clods and excess soil during lowering. In this case, an excavator bucket the soil is not completely ablate up to the level of inserted Verbauplatte so that the cutting edge at the bottom of the lining plate 4 basically shears when inserted into the guide elements 5 soil. The Verbauplatte 4 will therefore shear off the ground exactly in the plane in which the outside of the lining plate is located. In this way settlements are reliably avoided by the subsequent filling of any existing cavities. Also, the supports 2, which lead the Verbauplatten 4 are installed in advance and anchored in the ground, so that the entire Verbauvorrichtung is very low in setting.

The supports 2 have distances from each other, which correspond approximately to the width of the shoring 4. The supports 2 and held by these, insertable Verbauplatten 4 form a Verbauwand. The vertical supports 2 are embedded in a hole in the ground. After insertion of the supports 2, the lower end of the bore is filled with a setting filler such as concrete, so that the foot of the support 2 is enclosed in a concrete base 22. Before excavating the soil, the holes are reclaimed with soil material, so that the supports 2 are fixed therein as vertically as possible. If the excavation 1 is not very wide, stiffeners or struts can also be arranged instead of the anchors 3, as described, for example, in the abovementioned publication WO 2007/122255 A2. Such a construction with spreaders is useful, for example, when laying pipelines and construction of channels and wherever the excavation does not have to be free of stiffeners.

The shoring panels 4 are supported on both sides on guide elements, in particular guide shafts 5, which are described in more detail below. The guide shafts 5 are not used in the illustrated embodiment with the support 2 in the bore, but only subsequently attached to the supports 2 when excavating the excavation 1 or the trench. This means that in FIG. 1, the guide shafts 5 to the base 6 of the excavation 1, which is slightly below the center of the support 2 in this figure, are each mounted after exposing arranged on the supports 2 shots 7 for the guide elements 5 , Below the bottom 6 of the excavation 1, the receptacles 7 are free of guide elements. Thus, the support 2 can be inserted into a bore of conventional diameter, because no lateral guide elements protrude from the profile of the support 2. The subsequently mounted guide elements 5, however, may have a much larger horizontal length, so that much larger tolerances of the distances can be compensated between two consecutive columns 2, as in conventional columns 2, which are already lowered with the guide elements 5 in the pit 1.

Fig. 2 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 1, in which the bottom 6 of the excavation 1 is completely excavated. Accordingly, all the guide elements 5 are fixed to the support 2 and a total of five shoring 4 are mounted over the entire height of the support 2. It can be seen that the shoring panels 4 are inclined to the vertical longitudinal axis of the support 2 by a few degrees. In this way it is possible to use a second shoring plate 4 below the uppermost sheathing 4. Each lining panel 4 is assigned a group of four guide elements 5. The guide elements 5 are staggered with each other across the width of the support 2, so that they have a slight inclination, e.g. from 3 ° to 10 °. The adjacent columns 2 of the Verbausystems have correspondingly arranged guide elements 5, so that both the right edge and the left edge of a Verbauplatte 4 is held by a group of guide elements 5 with a slight inclination to the vertical direction.

In particular, in Fig. 1, a problem can be seen, resulting in the installation of the sheathing panels 4. Due to the inclination of the shoring 4 they tilt by their own weight in the excavated excavation 1. In Fig. 1, the lowermost, fourth Verbauplatte 4 is supported only by the two upper guide elements 5. The first guide element 5 is located near the lower edge of the lining plate 4. The second guide element 5 is located at a height of about 50 cm. The total height of the lining panel 4 is 2.5 m or 250 cm. It can easily be seen that the lowermost shoring plate 4 in FIG. 1 would tip into the construction pit 1 by its own weight if it is not supported. The support can be done either by suspending the upper edge of the lining plate 4 to the boom of an excavator or by a support device, which is supported for example on the bottom 6 of the excavation 1. Also, a fixing element can be attached to the wall already made above the affected Verbauplatte 4. In connection with Figures 10 to 13 an embodiment of a fixing element is described, with which the shoring plate 4 can be fixed during its installation on the support. Finally, additional fixing elements can be attached to the support, which avoid tipping over the lining plate. This embodiment is shown in Figs. 17-24.

It should be noted that the supports 2 and the shoring plates 4 and guide shafts 5 arranged therein are shown largely without the ground in FIGS. 1 and 2. At the level of the upper end of the column alone, the ground to the left of the column is schematically visible, forming the upper edge of the pit. Between the right of the column, the bottom 6 of the excavation is shown schematically. Not shown is the earth, which is supported by the Verbauplatten 4 in the support 2. The supported by the shoring 4 earth 4 is shown schematically in the below nen descriptions Fig. 8.

3 shows a three-dimensional representation of a support 2, as used in the Verbausystem of FIGS. 1 and 2. It can be seen that the support 2 of two substantially L-shaped steel profiles 8, 9 is formed. Each steel section 8, 9 has a leg 10, 11, which extends in the plane of the wall of the excavation pit 1 or the trench to be produced and forms a außenlie ing flange of the support 2. The second leg 12, 13 of each steel section 8, 9 extends perpendicular to the first leg 10, 11 towards the center of the trench or the excavation 1 and forms a web of the support 2. Between the second legs or webs 12, 13, the receptacles 7 are arranged for the guide elements 5. The receptacles 7 consist of openings in the second webs 12, 13, which are connected by Aufhahmerohre 14, which are welded to the two parallel webs 12, 13 of the two steel sections 8, 9 of the support 2. As can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, the receptacles 7 are mounted at a vertical distance of, for example, 50-90 cm to each other. Due to the inclination of the management level, which forms a group of shots 7, the receptacles 7 and thus the Aufhahmerohre 14 are evenly distributed over the width of the two webs 12, 13 of the support 2, so that alone the Aufhahmerohre 14 berejits a stable connec tion between the ensure two steel profiles 8, 9. If necessary, it is also possible to weld connec tion webs near the first outer flanges 10, 11 of the support 2 to increase the stability of the support 2.

It can be seen that the support 2 on the side where the soil is excavated does not have flanges extending substantially in the plane of the wall to be produced.

These sides of the support 2 directed towards the interior of the pit or trench are free of elements extending in the plane of the wall to be produced so that the slanted shoring plates 4 can be inserted between two consecutive supports 2 from the inside of the pit or trench. It is important to ensure that at least the areas of the support 2 near the guide plane, which are formed by a group of mutually arranged and mutually offset guide elements 5, are free of parallel to the plane of the wall to be produced extending sections.

4 and 5 show, on the one hand, a plan view and, on the other hand, a height of the center of the uppermost pickup tube 14 in cross-section of the support 2. In both illustrations, a guide element 5 is arranged only in the uppermost pickup tube 14. Each guide element 5 is composed of a guide shaft 15 having a hexagon head 16 at one end and a disc 17 at the other end, which is screwed with a screw 18 at the right end of the guide shaft 15. The right end of the guide shaft 15 has an internal thread into which the screw 18 is screwed. In this case, the type of attachment of a radially over the diam water of the guide shaft 15 projecting retaining element, which is formed in the form of embodiment shown as a disc 17, can be varied. The retaining element need only be releasably secured to the end of the guide shaft. It may also be a disc which is gescho ben on the Wellendende and secured with a Federsplint, which projects through a bore through the shaft end. Also, a bolt can be inserted through a hole in the shaft end, which in turn has a bore for receiving a Federsplints. Finally, a special screw with a disc-shaped head and a hexagon socket can be screwed into an internal thread of the shaft end.

The guide shaft 15 extends through the hanger tube 14. On the guide shaft 15 is on each side, ie left of the left steel section 12 and right of the right steel section 13, a roller 20, 20 'is pushed. The rollers 20, 20 'have the same lengths. The distance between the head 16 of the guide shaft 15 and the disc 17 at the other end is slightly larger than the length of the two rollers 20 and 20 'and the distance between the opposite surfaces of the two second webs 12,13, so that the two rollers 20, 20 'are rotatably fixed on the guide shaft 15. On the rollers 20, 20 'of the guide shaft 15 is the edge of the lining plate 4, wherein the rotating rollers 20, 20' reduce the friction when pushing the edge and the guide shafts 15 protect from damage. It can be seen that the guide length by the guide shaft 15 and the rollers 20, 20 ', which are subsequently attached to the support 2, is much larger than that of a mounted within the profile of the support 2 guide member.

On the rollers 20, 20 'are two spacers 19, 19' pushed. The spacers 19, 19 'are located between the two parallel webs 12, 13 of the support 2 and the edge of the respective guided by the guide shafts 15 shoring plate 4. It can be seen that the spacers 19 and 19' have different axial extent. In this way, different distances between the edges of the guided shoring panels 4 and the webs 12, 13 of the support 2 can be adjusted. Inclinations when installing the support 2 can be compensated. If the distance between two consecutive supports 2 is very small, so that the mutually parallel webs 12, 13 of the support 2 have a distance from each other, which corresponds substantially to the width of a shoring plate 4, this shoring plate 4 without spacer sleeve on the rollers 20, 20 'are postponed. If a large distance between two consecutive supports 2 sets, longer spacers can be used. The spacers 19, 19 'are particularly important in the top Verbauplatte 4. Here define and fix the spacers 19, 19 'together with the length of the upper edge of the plate the distance between two consecutive supports 2. The supports 2 are fixed in their foot. For this reason, the spacers 19, 19 'in the sheathing plates 4 below the top Verbauplat te 4 can be omitted. This has the advantage that the shoring plates 4 below the uppermost sheathing 4 can not clamp between the supports 2 and the spacers 19, 19 'and smoothly on the guide elements, i. the guide shafts 15 are displaced. The guide elements or guide shafts 15 then guide the shoring plates 4 only along the plane of the shoring plate 4. Between the consecutive supports 2, the shoring plate 4 without spacers 19, 19 'is not guided and can be moved. The desired position of the lining plate 4 can be achieved when pressing with the help of a digger arm. Depending on the position on the upper edge of the lining plate 4, which presses on the excavator, the direction in which the lining plate 4 is moved changes.

On the guide shafts, an annular collar or other radial projection can be attached, which limits the insertion depth of the guide shaft. Thus, the guide shaft can be easily inserted at the construction site in the predetermined depth until the radial projection or annular collar abuts against the receiving tube 14. The radial projection or annular collar is not shown in the drawings.

6 and 7 each show the upper portion of a support 2 with a group 21, 21 'of mutually arranged and mutually offset guide elements 5, 5' each defining a guide plane for the edge of a lining plate 4. Again, the recognizable in Fig. 6 bare group left 21 supports the right edge of a Verbauplatte and the right group 2G the left edge of a second Verbauplatte. Several such groups are provided with each other on the supports 2 to hold a plurality of shoring 4 to form the trench wall. As mentioned above, the guide elements 5, 5 ', which are arranged after the insertion of the support 2 in the bore and after exposing the support 2 by excavation of the soil in its position of use, much longer in the longitudinal direction of the wall can be formed , as in the profile of the support arranged guide elements of the prior art. When installing the support 2 carries no over their profile protruding parts. The guide elements 5, 5 'are attached later. In this way, a much larger variation of the distances between two consecutive columns 2 is allowed without running the risk that a shoring plate 4 is insufficiently supported and therefore falls into the trench or in the pit. The spacers 19, 19 ', which can be selected depending on the distance between two successive columns, allow a good fixation of the lining plate 4 between two supports. The use of large-scale Verbauplatten 4 saves compared to the production of a carrier screed very much time and thus money in the construction of a pit 1 or a trench.

FIG. 8 shows a variant of the shoring device used to support two opposing walls of a trench G. Here, the supports 2 are not anchored by anchors in the ground. Instead, a pair of two mutually opposite supports 2 are mutually supported by a spreader 23 arranged between the two supports 2. Again, the left support 2 is shown free from the earth, which is supported by the support plates 4 held in the supports. On the other hand, the representation of the support 2 on the right-hand side shows that the earth of the right-hand trench wall extends as far as the lining panels 4 and is supported by them. The earth thus obscures the free view of the support 2.

FIG. 9 shows an enlarged view, cut along section line 1X-1X in FIG. 8, of the left support 2 and the end of the spreader 23, which extends between the two opposing supports 2 and keeps them at a distance. The spreader 23 has at its end a top plate 24 to which a short web 25 extending in the axial direction is welded. The web 25 is simply pushed between the two mutually parallel second webs 12, 13 of the support 2 and fixes the spreader in this way in trench longitudinal direction. Further, the web 25 rests on the receiving tube 14 between the two parallel webs 12, 13 of the support 2 and fixes the spreader in height. The acting in the trench longitudinal direction in the vertical direction forces are not very high and can be held by the web 25. The large supporting forces act as compressive forces on the top plate 24 of the spreader 23 and are transmitted by the top plate 24 securely on the two mutually parallel webs 12, 13.

Fig. 10 shows an alternative embodiment of the support 2 '. Identical components are provided with the same reference numerals as in the preceding figures. In the support 2 'means are provided to prevent the tilting of the Verbauplatten 4 during installation. First of all, it can be seen that the uppermost group of guide elements 5 is located immediately under the upper end of the support 2 ', vertically one below the other in the region of the support 2' remote from the inside of the excavation 1. The top Verbauplatte 4 is therefore lowered vertically during installation. The focus of the top Verbauplatte 4 is therefore located immediately above its lower edge during installation. The weight of the lining plate 4, after all in the order of 500 kg, generates no significant moments and the lining plate 4 does not tilt during installation. The shoring 4 under the upper shoring plate 4, however, are inclined by about 5 to 10 ° to the vertical longitudinal axis of the support 2 ', that is, the guiding planes of each shoring plate 4 below the upper shoring plate 4 are inclined by 5 to 10 ° to a vertical plane. The fourth plate in FIG. 10 from above is being inserted and lies with its lower edge on the bottom 6 of the excavation 1. Its side edge is supported only on the two upper of the group of four guide elements 5, which define the management level for this Verbauplatte 4. The brackets for the two lower guide elements 5 of this group are still in the ground.

The lining plate 4 has a height of about 250 cm and the upper of the two guide elements 5 supports the lining plate 4 at a height of about 50 cm. It can be seen that the center of gravity of the lining plate 4 lies above and outside the support and the lining plate 4 would tip over without additional fixation. To prevent this, above the two upper guide elements 5 for this lowermost shoring plate 4, a fixing element 26 is attached to the support 2 ', which will be described in more detail in connection with FIGS. 11 to 13. A corresponding fixing element 26 can also be provided on the not shown, adjacent support 2 ', which supports the other side edge of the lining plate 4. It can be seen in FIGS. 11 to 13 that the fixing element 26 has a central part 28 and two bent-back and mirror-symmetrical outer parts 27. On each outer part 27, a fixing rod 29, 30 is welded. The central part 28 has a hook-shaped end portion 31 which engages behind a receiving tube 14 between the two mutually parallel webs 12, 13 of the support. The bent-back outer parts 27 have mutually parallel legs, which extend parallel to the side walls of the central part 28 and on both sides of the central part 28 Aufirah- meschlitze 35, 36, in which received portions of mutually parallel webs 12, 13 of the support 2 ' can be.

At the middle part 28, a threaded rod 32 is welded, which extends in the direction opposite the hook-shaped end portion 31 between the mutually parallel webs 12, 13 of the support 2 '. Between the outer parts 27 of the fixing element 26, a pressure plate 33 is arranged with a hole which is penetrated by the threaded rod 32. The pressure plate 33 essentially has the contour of an H. With a nut 34, the pressure plate 33 can be screwed against the faces of the webs 12, 13 of the support 2 'facing the interior of the excavation pit or trench. Thus, the fixing rods 29, 30 are fixedly attached to the support 2 'and can support the weight of the lining plate 4.

Figures 14 to 16 show an insulated fixing element 26 in two three-dimensional

Views and a cut side view. The only difference with the embodiment of the fixing element 26 of FIGS. 11 to 13 is that the pressure plate 33 is not pulled with a nut 34 (FIGS. 11 to 13) against the end faces of the webs 12, 13 of the support 2 ' 14 to 16, a pressure spindle 37 is provided, which connects to an end plate 38 which central part and side parts together, which presses the pressure plate against the end faces of the webs 12, 13 of the support 2 '. Furthermore, it can be seen in Fig. 16 that the hook-shaped end portion 31 in various positions can be attached to the central part 28, so that the fixing element can be used to guide Verbauplatten 4 with different thickness.

As can be seen in FIG. 10, the fixing element 26 fastened to the support 2 'forms a support for the edge of the lining plate 4 at a height which lies above the height of the group of guide elements 5 provided for the lining plate. Each side edge of a Verbauplatte 4 can be supported by a fixing element 26 which is attached to one of two mutually adjacent supports 2 '.

It should be noted that a fixing element can be attached in any way to the already mounted shoring, the Führungseriementen or the supports, as long as the goal is reached by the fixing element to support the Verbauplatte in an area above its center of gravity until at least half of Verbauplatte is supported by the guide elements.

Alternatively, fixing elements 26 'are attached to the supports 2 ", which essentially correspond to the guide elements 5 but are offset from the guide plane thereof Such an embodiment is shown in FIGS. 17 to 24, in which the same components with the same reference numerals as in FIGS previous figures are provided.

The embodiment of the support 2 "shown in Figures 17 to 24 also has two mutually parallel webs 12 ', 13' which extend at right angles to the wall to be supported toward the interior of the trench or pit. 19 and 20. The support 2 "is formed as a welded construction of several steel plates. The webs 12 ', 13' are formed by web plates which are welded to a flange plate 39. The flange plate 39 forms a substantially closed outer wall of the support 2 ". In Fig. 19, the inner diameter of the protective tube into which the support 2" is inserted is shown in dash-dotted line in Fig. 19 a, it can be seen that the webs 12 ', 13' may also have sections that protrude beyond the outside of the flange 39 also without hindering the installation of the support 2 "in the protected property.

The outer, lateral sections of the flange plate 39 form the flanges 10 ', 1 G of the support 2 "running parallel to the wall to be supported. FIGS. 17 and 18 show the receivers 7 for the guide elements 5 which are formed by receiving tubes 14. Of each group receiving tubes 14 which is provided to support a Verbauplatte 4 on each side of the support 2 ", only the top is provided with Bezugszei chen. The uppermost group of four receiving tubes 14 is in a vertical plane, so that the corresponding uppermost Verbauplatte 4 can be inserted vertically (see Fig. 23). The underlying groups, each with four receiving tubes 14, form a guide plane inclined to the vertical wall plane, and support slab plates 4 which are inclined towards the wall plane, which are pushed into the support 2 "from the interior of the trench or pit.This can also be seen in FIG , Furthermore, it can be seen in particular in FIGS. 18 and 23 that below the topmost receiving tube 5 of each group with obliquely running guide plane, an additional receiving tube 40 arranged offset to the flange plate 39 between the webs 12 ', 13' of the support 2 ". The distance between the additional pickup tube 40 and the guide plane of the pickup tubes 14 is selected such that an inclined plate 4, whose downwardly inclined edge rests on the guide elements 5 in the pickup tubes 14, by a

Fixing element 26 'is held securely in the additional Aufhahmerohr 40. The Fixierungsele element 26 'has substantially the same structure as the guide element 5,5' with a guide shaft 15 and a roller 20 (see Figures 4 and 5). As can be seen in Figure 23, is an inclined Verbauplatte 4 with its slightly downwardly inclined side on the guide elements 5 and is supported with its edge on the slightly upwardly inclined side against the guide member 26 'from. 23 shows that the fixing element 26 'already supports the lining plate 4 at a small installation depth of a few centimeters Fixierungsele elements 26 'is a tilting of the lining plate 4 when inserted into the support 2 "prevented.

Due to the continuous outer wall of the support 2 ", which is formed by the web plate 39, the support 2" has a greater stability than the previously described support 2. In addition, the stability is increased by the additional receiving tubes 40. Finally, bolts 41 "are welded between the web plates 12 ', 13' of the support 2", which additionally increase the stability. "For example, struts 23 'can be fastened between two mutually opposite supports 2", which hold the supports 2 "in a vertical position and spaced apart from each other, as shown in FIG.

The flange plate 39 may have openings 42 which may be penetrated by anchors (not shown) anchoring the support 2 "in the ground 12. The openings 42 may be seen, for example, in Figure 17 and in the sectional view of Figure 20. The area between the two webs 12 ', 13' of the support 2 "is closed by a welded head plate 43, which further increases the stability of the support 2" The head plate 43 has an elongated opening 44, so that it with a hook or a rope For this purpose, a steel bolt 45 is provided below the opening 44 of the top plate 43. The sectional plane of the illustration in FIG

Section plane of Figure 18 of the median plane between the two web plates 12 ', 13' of the support 2 ".

FIG. 24 shows the view of the right-hand wall of the trench from FIG. 23. Between four supports 2 ", twelve large-area shoring panels 4 are arranged, the uppermost row of shoring panels 4 being guided in the vertical wall plane and the ones lying underneath Slabs 4 are slightly inclined to the vertical wall plane, so that they can be pushed in from the trench interior.The distance between two consecutive supports 2 "is almost 4 m and the height of each Verbumuplatte is about 2.4 m. It can be seen that a wall with the Verbausystem described here can be supported much faster than with the previously known wooden planks. In addition, the Verbausystem described here is completely recoverable and reusable. Whereas the usually with tar impregnated wooden planks of a carrier screed wall must be disposed of as hazardous waste, the steel elements of the Verbausystems described here are used over a long period of time.

The head ends of the trench shown in Fig. 24 can be installed with conventional Miteln, for example with sheet piling.

It should be noted that in a variant of the support 2 "of Figures 17 to 24, the group of four uppermost receiving tubes 14 may be inclined to support the upper Verbauplatte 4 as the underlying groups of four receiving tubes 14. The top group Thus, four receiving tubes 14 also define a guiding plane for the lining plate 4, which is inclined at an angle to the vertical axis of the support 2 ". In this case, the uppermost receiving tube 14 is also assigned an additional receiving tube 40, in which a fixing element 26 'is attached. In such a construction of the support 2 "all Verbauplatten 4, including the uppermost, installed in the same way, namely with a slight inclination to the vertical axis of the support 2". In Fig. 25 is schematically shown an upper portion of a support 2 with a lining plate 4 dreidimen sional. The lining plate 4 has a considerable distance from the support 2, so that between the adjacent to the ground flange 11 of the support 2 and the edge of the Verbauplate 4 forms a gap of a few centimeters wide. In order to cover this gap, a cover plank 46 is arranged laterally of the lining plate 4. The cover sheet 46 has a height, i. a longitudinal extent, which corresponds to the height of the lining plate 4, and a width which allows weitge existing covering the gap between the edge of the lining plate 4 and the web 11 of the support 2. Since the gap width can vary depending on the installation situation, a Verbausystem can have multiple cover plates 46 with different widths. It is then in each case the covering 46 used, which optimally covers the remaining gap. If the distance between the edge of the shoring plate 4 and the support 2 is low, the shoring plate 4 can be installed without lateral covering board 46. However, if the distance becomes too large, the cover plate 46 ensures that the soil is safely covered even in the area of the gap. The cover plate 46 has a short edge web 47, which projects into a groove 48 in the edge of the Verbauplate 4. The Abdeckdiele 46 has on the opposite side near the support 2 on a long edge web 49 which rests on the guide elements 5 ', so that the edge of the lining plate 4 is embraced by the Abdeckdiele 46. The cover plate 46 is like the lining plate 4 or the support 2 made as a welded construction of steel parts.

The embodiment described above shows a support 2, 2 ', 2 ", which is designed as a welded construction and is installed in bores in the earth.After inserting the support 2, 2', 2" in a bore, the bore is expunged again and the earth condenses. It is quite expensive to drill holes with a protective tube that are ten, twelve or more meters deep.

Figures 26 and 27 show an alternative embodiment of a support 102 through

Vibrations in the ground can be shaken or rammed. It is known from the prior art, for example, to drive sheet piles or other steel profiles with a vibrating device such as a rammer in the ground. In this way trench walls or pit walls are made. However, the sheet piling must then be shaken directly adjacent to each other. The bungboards have at their edges form-fitting interlocking components, so-called locks on. The production of a complete wall by shaking of bung planks is complex and costly, since each bung has approximately only a width of 40 to 70 cm.

The incorporation of the support 102 by a vibrator in the present method has the advantage over a conventional sheet pile wall that only one support 102 must be driven into the ground every three to five meters by vibration and then sandwich plates are inserted between two successive supports. which are supported on the supports 102 with their side edges in the manner described above.

The support structure, which can be seen in Figures 26 and 27, differs from the support structure described above. The support 102 is divided in its cross section. It consists of two partial supports 103, 104, each extending over the entire length of the support 102. The partial supports 103, 104 each form part of the cross section of the support 102 and are formed by locks, i. interlocking grooves and springs, connected together.

The first part support 103 has a substantially U-shaped cross-section. The mutually parallel legs 112, 113, the mutually parallel flanges of the support 102, where the guide elements 5, 5 'are attached. The connecting legs 114 extending transversely between the two parallel legs 112, 113 are arranged towards the interior of the trench or pit. The free edges of the mutually parallel legs 112, 113 have a over the entire length of the first part support 103 extending rearward deflection 119, 120, which forms a first part of the lock.

The second part support 104 is substantially plate-shaped and forms a ground-facing plate of the support 102. Also over the entire length of the part support 104 Schlosspro file 105, 106 are welded, complementary to the deflections 119,120 at the free edges of the mutually parallel flanges 112, 113 of the first part support 103 are formed and form the complementary mental parts for the locks of the partial supports 103,104.

Since the U-shaped profile in the soil is better guided in all directions, first the first part of profile 103 is shaken or rammed with a vibrating device in the ground until a

Remnant of e.g. 0.5 to 1 meter protrudes above the ground. The length of the first sub-profile 103 may be greater than ten meters, even greater than fifteen meters.

Next, the lock profiles 105, 106 of the second part support 104 are set in the respective return bends 119, 120 at the edges of the mutually parallel legs 112, 113 of the first part support 103. Then the second part support 104 is rammed into the ground. The full support 102 driven into the floor can be seen in particular in FIG. It has horizontally aligned holes 107 in the mutually parallel Legs 112, 113, which together form receptacles for a guide shaft 115. It can be seen in FIG. 26 that a plurality of holes 107 are arranged along an inclined line at a vertical distance from each other. In Fig. 26, only three holes 107 can be seen in the profile leg 113. In the profile leg 112 corresponding holes are arranged, each aligned with a bore 107 in the leg 113 in a horizontal direction. Two mutually aligned holes 107 together form a receptacle for a guide shaft 115 (see Fig. 27), which extends horizontally and transversely, ie parallel to the wall to be produced or parallel to the plate-shaped part support 104 with vertically installed support 102. Also in the mutually parallel legs 112, 113 of the support 102 in a horizontal direction aligned bores 140 are mounted, which receive a fixing shaft for the formation of fixing elements 126, 126 '. Finally, near the upper end of the support 102 in the mutually parallel legs 112, 113, two mutually aligned in the horizontal direction holes 118 is introduced through which a further shaft can be inserted to attach the part support 103 to a hoist and in the vertical position set up.

It should be noted that typically shaking a post 102 is less precise than that

However, it is readily possible to choose the width of the second part support 104 and also the length of the guide elements 5, 5 'larger, so that the deviations of the vibrated supports 102 can be compensated by the provided vertical course by a particularly large horizontal extent of the guide elements 5, 5 'for the edges of the lining panels 4.

FIG. 26 shows a diagrammatic representation of the assembled support 102, which is divided in its cross section and consists of two partial supports 103, 104. The dark hatches 108, 109 mark receiving surfaces on the partial supports 103, 104 for driving forceps (not shown). These receiving surfaces 108, 109 should lie on the vertical center line of each partial support 103, 104 in order to avoid tilting of the partial support 103, 104 when driving into the ground. FIG. 26 also shows the holes or holes 107 explained above, which form the receptacles for the guide elements 5, 5 '. It should be noted that no sleeves between the holes or holes 107 are arranged, because by sleeves or pipes between the holes 107, the ramming of the part support 103 could be hindered in the ground. Near the topmost Aufnah men 107 of a group of receptacles 107 which support a side edge of a Verbauplatte, additional holes or holes 140 are arranged. These form receptacles 140 for a Fixie approximately element 126, 126 '(see Fig. 27), which extends on both sides of the U-shaped part support 103 and a tipping of Verbauplatten which led by the guide elements 5, 5' at their Seitenrändem are prevented.

The guide elements 5, 5 'on both sides of the U-shaped part support 103 and the fixing elements 126, 126' on both sides of the part support 103 can be seen in Figure 27. Here it can also be seen that no tubes between the holes 107, 140 in the mutually parallel legs 112, 113 of the U-shaped part support 103 extend, which could hinder the installation by shaking or ramming. Instead, the guide shaft 115 and a Fixie approximately shaft 125, which carries the fixing elements 126, 126 ', freely between the mutually parallel legs 112, 113 of the first sub-profile 103. The fixing elements 126, 126' have the same structure as the guide elements 5, 5 ', ie they consist of fixing shafts 125 on which rollers are arranged. Spacers 19, 19 '(see Fig. 5) can be pushed onto the rollers of the guide elements 5, 5' as described above, at least for the upper lining plate 4, in order to guide this lining plate 4 centrally between two successive supports 102 and these supports 102 at a distance. On the fixing elements 126, 126 no such spacers are required.

If the bearing pressure by the guide shafts 115 or the fixing shaft 125 becomes too large, reinforcement may be provided. For this purpose, an annular disc 124 is welded to the inside of the U-shaped partial profile 103 in the region of each hole 107, 140, 118. However, the reinforcements of the holes can also be attached to the outside of the U-shaped partial profile 103.

It can also be seen that the connecting leg 114 has a plurality of openings 116. Also, the opposite region of the flat part support 104 between the two lock profiles 105, 106 is provided with openings 117 which are aligned with the openings 116 in the first part profile 103. Through the aligned openings 116, 117 anchor for the support 102 can be mounted in the ground. At the openings 116 in the lying to the interior of the trench or the pit leg 114 and spreaders can be attached, which hold two mutually gegenüberlie ing supports 102 at a distance.

The guide elements 5, 5 'are essentially constructed like the guide elements 5, 5' shown in the preceding figures. However, the ends of the guide shafts 115 are not provided with a nut but fixed with a Federsplint 127 which extends through a diametrical bore at the end of the guide shaft 115.

It will be appreciated that the transverse extent of the guide elements 5, 5 'can be made large to compensate for deviations in the position or vertical orientation of the support 102 rammed into the ground. The term "transverse extent" refers to the extent of the guide element 5, 5 'transverse to the longitudinal axis of the support 102 and parallel to the wall plane to be produced. The same applies to the fixing elements 126, 126 ', which hold the edges of the shoring plate 4 in the slightly inclined position and prevent tipping of the lining plate 4.

Finally, a similar measure can be chosen for the width of the partial support 104 as for the transverse extension of the guide shaft 115 and the fixing shaft 125. As can be seen in particular in FIG. 27, in which the width of the second partial support 104 can be clearly seen in plan view , the outer regions of the second part support 104 form lateral flanges 110 and 111 of the composite support 102, which lie laterally of the U-shaped part support 103 and in each case a stop for the side edge of the lining plate guided on this side during oblique insertion along the guide elements 5, 5 ' form.

The illustration of the support 102 in FIG. 27 shows guide elements 5, 5 'and fixing elements 126, 126' which extend on both sides of the support center. If a support (not shown) is intended to be placed at the end of a wall, it is sufficient if this support has guide elements and fixing elements only on one side of the support center. Finally, a non-illustrated variant of a support of a U-profile and a steel plate are welded together, which has the same overall contour as the support 102 of Figures 26 and 27, and in the same holes 107, 118, 140 and Openings 116, 117 are arranged, as in the support 102 of Figures 26 and 27. This variant of the support can be driven in soft ground or with a sufficiently strong Rammvorrich device in one operation in the ground.

The features of the invention disclosed in the present description, in the drawings and in the claims may be essential both individually and in any desired combinations for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments. The invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It can be varied within the scope of the claims and taking into account the knowledge of the person skilled in the art.

Thus, for example, the mutually-lying brackets for guide elements, against which the side edges of the shoring plates are supported, have different shapes in the drawing calculations, for example, receiving tubes 14 to the supports 2, 2 'and 2 "represented or prepared 107, each of which two are aligned with one another and form a support for a guide shaft 115. The supports may also consist of differently shaped openings which are mounted in a steel wall of the support and through which guide elements extending laterally of the support are insertable Guide elements, which are formed in the described embodiment of simple guide shafts with rollers pushed thereon, can also be carried out differently.For example, a U-shaped retaining clip can be attached to the support, which on each side of a Füh tion pin as a guide The retaining clip can be screwed to a central web of the support, in which case the screw holes form the supports. The skilled person will find a variety of other fasteners that can serve as brackets for the guide elements.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 excavation pit

1 ditch

2, 2 ', 2 "prop

3 anchors

4 lining plate

5, 5 'guide element

6 reason of excavation

7 recording

first steel profile

9 second steel profile

10 first leg, flange

10 flange

11 first leg, flange 11 flange

12 second leg, bridge

12 bridge plate, bridge

13 second leg, bridge 13 'web plate, bridge

14 pick-up tube

15 guide shaft

16 hexagon head

17 disc

18 screw

19, 19 'spacer sleeve

20, 20 'role

21, 21 'group guide elements 22 concrete base

23 strut

24 head plate

25 short jetty

26 fixing element

26 'fixing element

27 outdoor unit

28 middle section

29 fixation rod

30 fixation rod

31 hook-shaped end portion

32 threaded rod

33 pressure plate

34 mother

35 receiving slot

36 receiving slot

37 pressure spindle

38 end plate

39 flange plate

40 additional pickup tube

41 bolts

42 opening

43 headstock

45 steel bolts

46 From decking board

47 short edge bridge

48 groove

49 long edge bar

102 prop

103 partial support 104 partial support

105 Lock profile

106 Lock profile 107 Mounting, bore 108 Mounting surface

109 receiving area

110 left flange 111 right flange 112 first leg 113 second leg

114 connecting leg

115 guide shaft

116 opening

117 opening

118 Drilling hole for hoist

119 Bend, lock

120 back bend, lock

124 ring disk

125 Fixierungswelle 126, 126 'fixing element 140 bore

Claims

claims

1. support (2, 2 ', 2 ", 102) for a shoring device for supporting a wall of a pit (1) or a trench, with guide elements (5, 5') for supporting a side edge of at least one shoring plate (4) the lining plate (4) is held by two mutually spaced supports (2, 2 ', 2 ", 102) and wherein each side edge of the lining plate (4) is supported on a group (21) of guide elements (5, 5') , characterized in that the support (2, 2 ', 2 ", 102) a plurality of mutually arranged holders for the guide elements (5, 5'), where the guide elements (5, 5 ') during excavation of the soil from above below in each case after the exposure of the holder successively in a position of use of the profile of the support (2,

2 ', 2 ", 102) are outstandingly attachable, wherein on each holder, a guide element (5, 5') is attached, which extends substantially horizontally and parallel to the wall and in its longitudinal direction at least on one side on the profile of the support (2, 2 ', 2 ", 102) protrudes.

2. support (2, 2 ', 2 ", 102) according to claim 1, characterized in that the remote from the ground inside of the support (2, 2', 2", 102) is free of wall-parallel flanges.

3. Support (2, 2 ', 2 ", 102) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lying to the ground portion of the support (2, 2', 2", 102) extending from the central region of the support ( 2, 2 ', 2 ",

102) has flanges (10, 11, 10 ', 1 G) extending outward parallel to the wall.

4. support (2, 2 ', 2 ", 102) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide elements (5, 5') separated in an installation configuration of the support (2, 2 ', 2", 102) or in a mounted position within the profile of the support (2, 2 ', 2 ", 102) are attached.

5. support (2, 2 ', 2 ", 102) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises receiving means (7, 107) for the guide elements (5, 5'), which form the Halterun conditions.

6. support (2, 2 ', 2 ", 102) according to claim 5, characterized in that the Aufnahmevorrichfun gene (7, 107) are formed by at least one of the following arrangements:

Transverse openings in the support (2, 2 ', 2 "), which in particular of receiving tubes (14) are formed;

• Holes (107) aligned with each other in the horizontal transverse direction of the support (102).

7. Support (2, 2 ', 2 ", 102) according to claim 6, characterized in that a guide element (5, 5') comprises at least one of the following elements:

A guide shaft (15, 115);

• A spacer sleeve (19, l9 ') between the support (2, 2', 2 ", 102) and the edge of the United building board (4) to be arranged;

• A roller (20, 20 ') which is to be arranged on the guide shaft (15, 115) and on which the edge of the lining plate (4) is supported.

8. support (2, 2 ', 2 ", 102) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide elements (5, 5') in groups (21) are arranged, each of which has a Höhenab section of the support ( 2, 2 ', 2 ", 102) and each defining a guide plane for a shoring plate (4), wherein the guide plane of at least the groups (21) below the uppermost group (21) to the longitudinal axis of the support (2, 2', 2 ", 102) is inclined.

9. support (2, 2 ', 2', 102) according to claim 8, characterized in that each group (21) guide elements (5, 5 '), which forms an inclined guide plane, at least one attachable to the support fixing element (26 , 26 ', 126, 126'), which prevents tilting of the inclined lining plate (4) during insertion.

Support according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one of the following features:

It consists of two over the entire length of the support (2, 2 ', 2 ") extending steel profiles (8, 9), which are connected together by welded between the steel sections receiving tubes (14),

It has two steel profiles (8, 9) with an L-shaped cross section, the first legs of the steel profiles forming mutually parallel webs (12, 13) between which the receiving tubes (14) are welded,

It has two web plates (12 ', 13') which run parallel to one another at a distance, and has a flange plate (39), on each of which a narrow side of each web plate (12 ', 13') is welded and which form the outside of the column (2 ") lying to the ground,

It consists of a U-shaped part support (103) and a plate-shaped part support (104), wherein the free ends of mutually parallel legs (112, 113) of the U-shaped part support (103) with the plate-shaped part support (104) are connected ,

11. Shoring device for supporting a wall of an excavation (1) or a trench, consisting of deployable at intervals in the ground, vertical supports (2, 2 ', 2 ", 102) and between two successive supports (2, 2', 2 ", 102) when excavating the soil insertable and with the supports (2, 2 ', 2", 102) a Verbauwand forming Verbauplatten (4), at their parallel

Side margins of on both supports (2, 2 ', 2 ", 102) located guide elements (5, 5') can be supported, characterized by supports (2, 2 ', 2", 102) according to one of claims 1 to 10.

12. Shoring device according to claim 11, characterized in that a plurality of shoring plates (4) can be inserted one above the other between two consecutive supports (2, 2 ', 2 ", 102) and for each edge of each shoring plate (4) a group (21) of guide elements (5, 5 ') defines a guide plane, wherein the guide plane of at least the groups (21) below the uppermost group (21) to the longitudinal axis of the support (2, 2', 2 ", 102) is inclined.

13. Shoring device according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that it comprises at least one of the following features:

• A fixing element (26, 26 ') to prevent tilting of a lining plate (4) when inserted into the group (21) guide elements (5, 5') in the inclined guide plane; A cover board (46) for covering the soil between the baffle (4) and the support (2, 2 ', 2 ", 102).

14. A method for supporting a wall of a pit (1) or a trench, in which vertical supports (2, 2 ', 2 ", 102) are installed at intervals in the ground and the ground between two successive columns (2, 2 ', 2 ", 102) is excavated, characterized in that

Following the excavation of the soil from top to bottom one after the other at a plurality of holders arranged one below the other, a guide element (5, 5 ') is arranged in a position of use, wherein the guide element (5, 5') in the Ge use position extends substantially horizontally and parallel to the wall to be supported and protrudes at least on one side of the profile of the support (2),

• between two successive supports (2, 2 ', 2 ", 102) when excavating the floor Ver bauplaten (4) are inserted, at their parallel Seitenrändem of both supports (2, 2', 2", 102) located guide elements (5, 5 ') are supported and together with the supports (2, 2', 2 ", 102) form a Verbauwand, each side edge egg ner Verbauplate (4) by a group of guide elements (5,5 ') is supported ,

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that during installation of the supports (2, 2 ', 2 ", 102) at least one of the following installation methods is carried out:

• placing vertical holes in the floor, inserting the vertical columns (2, 2 ', 2 ") into the holes and filling the holes;

• driving the supports into the ground;

• Ramming in the cross section of the support (102) divided part supports (103, 104) in the Bo den, which together form a support (102).

16. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that a plurality of Verbauplaten (4) one above the other between two successive supports (2, 2 ', 2', 102) can be inserted and for the edge of each Verbauplatte (4) has a group (21) guide elements (5, 5 ') to the support (2, 2', 2 ", 102) defining a guide plane, the guide plane of at least the groups (21) below the uppermost group (21) to the longitudinal axis of the support (2, 2 ', 2 ", 102) is inclined.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that when inserting the lining plate into a group (21) guide elements (5, 5 '), which forms an inclined guide plane, the weight of the inclined Verbauplatte (4) supported and prevents tilting of the lining plate becomes.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that, for supporting the weight of the inclined Verbauplate (4) at least one fixing element (26,26 ') on the support (2, 2', 2 ", 102) is mounted.