EP0475382B1 - Method and device for the lining of deep trenches - Google Patents

Method and device for the lining of deep trenches Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0475382B1
EP0475382B1 EP91115363A EP91115363A EP0475382B1 EP 0475382 B1 EP0475382 B1 EP 0475382B1 EP 91115363 A EP91115363 A EP 91115363A EP 91115363 A EP91115363 A EP 91115363A EP 0475382 B1 EP0475382 B1 EP 0475382B1
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Prior art keywords
frame
supports
bracer
trench
support
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EP91115363A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0475382A1 (en
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Wilhelm Hess
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Individual
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/06Foundation trenches ditches or narrow shafts
    • E02D17/08Bordering or stiffening the sides of ditches trenches or narrow shafts for foundations

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a method for shoring deep trenches by means of support frames which can be set up transversely to the trench in the longitudinal direction of the trench and which are composed of two parallel supports and a rigid stiffening frame which keeps the supports at a distance and connects and which can be displaced along the supports, and by means of large-area shoring plates, which are guided and held vertically displaceably on both sides of the trench with their vertical edges in guide channels of the supports of two support frames and are pressed or lowered into the trench in the support frame and the shoring plates, following the trench excavation.
  • a shoring plate can be inserted into the supports of two support frames set up at a distance from one another on each trench side. So that the stiffener frame does not shift relative to the supports when a support frame is set up, holes are provided in the supports and in the parts of the stiffener frame guided in the supports, which can be fixed against one another by means of a bolt.
  • the length of the supports is about twice as high as the height of the stiffener frame, the stiffener frame being arranged only in the upper region of the support frame, so that there is enough free space for the excavator bucket below the stiffener frame.
  • This device is not suitable for shoring very deep trenches because the shoring plates would also have to be very high and this would cause difficulties when dismantling the shoring device and because when erecting and inserting a support frame the upper stiffness of the stiffening frame is very high, making it very difficult is to reach over this top stiffener with the backhoe.
  • a shoring device in which the stiffener frame is composed of three or more individual frames.
  • the stiffener frame is high in relation to the height of the supports, so that when the support frame is erected, an excavator has difficulties in reaching over the stiffener frame with its spoon.
  • a shoring device in which two struts that keep the supports at a distance are connected via vertical struts to form a rigid rigid frame.
  • This stiffener frame can be moved in the supports. Because the rigid frame is guided in the supports via relatively short guide heads, moving the rigid frame under load is problematic. So that after the support frame is set up, the stiffener frame does not slide down, it is fixed at the required height using retaining bolts.
  • support frames are customary which are composed of two supports and two or more spreaders which run for digging and are articulated to the supports.
  • the stability of this support frame is achieved via pre-tensioned springs, which are arranged between the supports and the struts.
  • These support frames have the disadvantage that the supports can only be moved in the longitudinal direction by a relatively small amount compared to the other support. If one of the supports is pulled during the dismantling while the other support remains standing, the resulting inclination of the spreaders reduces the distance between the supports. As a result, the floor can slide. If the opposite support is then pulled, the slid floor must be pushed back, which makes very high lifting forces of the excavator necessary.
  • the object of the invention is to further develop it in such a way that even deep and very deep trenches can be reliably installed and the shoring device can be dismantled without the use of extremely great forces and in which lighter excavators are used despite the large trench depth can be.
  • the rigid frame between a lower stop and an upper stop is slidably guided on the supports, the lower stop at the level of the necessary excavator bucket freedom about 1 to 1.50 m from the support foot and the upper stop is arranged at a distance from the lower stop, which is the height of the rigid frame, for example 1.75 m, and a permissible prop jacking, e.g.
  • the upper stops are removed, a second stiffener frame is inserted into the supports of the support frame and the upper stops are attached to the supports at a distance above the second stiffener frame and that after lowering the support frame by a further stiffener frame height, the upper stops are removed and, if necessary, a third stiffener frame is inserted into the supports of the support frame and that the stiffener frames are connected to one another in order to dismantle the support frame.
  • the shoring method according to the invention and the device for carrying out this method are intended for shoring trenches 5 to 10 meters deep, although trenches less deep can be built in the same way.
  • the supports are provided with three or four guide channels on each side to accommodate the edges of the shoring panels. Accordingly, the excavated trench has two or three levels. Because, despite the great height of the supports, they are reliably held by only one rigid stiffening frame, the excavator boom can comfortably reach over this stiffening frame at the beginning of the trench excavation, the upper edge of which is in any case less than 2.50 m above the ground. This amount results from the following values: Depth of the lining - 1.00 m Height of the lower stop + 1.50 m Height of the stiffener frame + 1.70 m 2.30 m
  • the supports can be driven independently of each other, the upper stop takes the rigid frame with them so that the free cantilever length in the lower area of the supports is not exceeded.
  • the two shoring panels running inside are inserted into the guide channels of the supports.
  • the stiffener frame has been lowered to below the top edge of the earth due to its height (approx. 1.70 m)
  • the second stiffener frame is now inserted into the supports after fixing the upper stops and attached to the lower one. This attachment takes place with consideration of the dismantling.
  • the upper stops must be reassembled with the same stroke. Now the lowering of the inner plates and the supports can be continued. Because the stiffening frames can be pushed as required (depending on the total depth), the excavator with standard stick can be dredged cleanly and evenly over the frame between the shoring.
  • the supports and the mounting plates are designed so that at least two mounting plates and, if necessary, three or four mounting plates can be inserted on each side of the support.
  • the new shoring device has the advantage that it is possible to work with lighter excavators, that deeper trenches can be built economically than before, and that work can be carried out faster and with less interference if the trenches are less deep.
  • the device shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is used to block trenches over 6 meters deep. It has support frames which can be set up at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction of the trench and which are each composed of two parallel supports 1, 2 and a rigid frame 3 which keeps the supports 1, 2 at a distance and connects them.
  • the stiffener frame 3 is displaceable along the supports 1, 2.
  • the support frames 1, 2, 3 and the shoring panels 4, 5 are lowered into the trench following the trench excavation or pressed into the trench with the excavator bucket.
  • the support feet and the lower longitudinal edge of the shoring plates 4.5 are provided with cutting edges 13, which ensure that when the supports 1, 2 and shoring plates 4.5 are lowered, the protruding soil on the trench wall falls inwards into the trench.
  • These known cutting edges 13 cause that when driving the supports 1, 2 these are not pressed from the ground towards the center of the trench, but remain vertical and are lowered parallel to one another.
  • the rigid frame 3 is slidably guided on the supports 1, 2 between a lower stop 6 and an upper stop 7.
  • the lower stop 6 is attached at the level of the necessary excavator bucket clearance approx. 1 to 1.50 m from the lower end of the support.
  • the upper stop 7 is arranged at a distance from the lower stop 6, which corresponds to the height of the rigid frame 3 and an allowable prop jacking.
  • the stops 6 and 7 are easily displaceable and can be inserted into recesses 14 which are arranged one above the other in rows in guide rails 11 of the supports 1, 2.
  • the upper stops 6 are removed and a second stiffening frame 3 inserted into the supports 1 and 2 of the support frame.
  • the upper stops 7 are fastened to the supports 1, 2 at a distance above the second rigid frame 3.
  • the upper stops 7 are removed again and, if necessary, a third stiffener frame 3 is inserted into the supports 1, 2 of the support frame. (cf. Fig. 1 C)
  • the stiffener frames 3 are easily detachably connected to each other, so that by pulling up the upper stiffener frame, the stiffener frames 3 connected below also follow.
  • the dismantling of the stepped sheeting is carried out in the same way as the installation, ie after the pipes have been inserted, soil is poured in layers, up to max. Lower edge of the lower stiffening frame 3. Then stiffening frame 3, sheeting plates 4.5 and supports 1.2 to the newly created level. If you have dismantled to the corresponding level, the inner shoring plates 5 and after removing the upper stops 7, the upper rigid frame 3 can be removed from the shoring unit. Then the upper stops 7 are attached over the last rigid frame 3 and the support frame 1, 2, 3 is pulled out of the essentially filled trench. The support frame 1, 2, 3 can then be used again on the trench head.
  • the shoring device can also be dismantled in such a way that, after the stops 6 and 7 have been removed, only the shoring plates 4, 5 and the rigid frame 3, following the backfilling, are pulled upwards .
  • the smooth supports 1, 2 can be pulled out individually.
  • the excavator can be moved up to the supports 1, 2 so that it can pull out the support 1, 2 with the greatest force available to it.
  • the cavity and the guide channels 8, 9 of the supports 1, 2 can be filled with sand or gravel.
  • a support 1 is placed horizontally on the floor with its back. Then the lower stop 6 is inserted at the required height into a receptacle 14 in the row of holes on the support 1.
  • the stop height can be 1 m to 1.50 m from the column foot 13, so that the excavator can reach with its digging vessel under the rigid frame 3 and can cut the trench between the columns 1, 2 to further lower the columns.
  • the stiffener frame 3 is inserted horizontally from the support head side with its rail 12 into the guide rail 11 of the support 1.
  • the second support 2 is inserted horizontally into the opposite rail 12 of the rigid frame 3.
  • the distance of the lower stop 6 to the upper stop 7 should be about 0.5 m higher than the height of the rigid frame 3.
  • the stop 7 limits the pushing of a support 1 or 2, so that the free cantilever length of the supports 1,2 does not exceed their maximum value can come. In this way, the first column frame is created.
  • the other support frames are constructed accordingly.
  • part of the trench is excavated, namely in the width of the support frame 1, 2, 3 and to a length of 1 x shoring plate length plus the width of a support (for example 0.5 m).
  • the excavation takes place at a depth of approx. 1 m.
  • the first support frame 1, 2, 3 is set using a chain sling and an excavator.
  • the chain sling is attached to the support heads.
  • the rigid frame is held by the lower stops 6.
  • the two outer upper shoring plates 4 are inserted into the guide channels 8 of the supports 1 and 2 of the first support frame and aligned parallel to the trench axis.
  • a second support frame with the guide channels 8 is then threaded over the edges of the shoring panels 4 pointing towards the excavator.
  • the first shoring panel is now in place and excavation of the trench can begin. Since the upper edge of the rigid frame 3 is lower than 2.50 m above the ground, a relatively small excavator can reach over the rigid frame and dig a deep trench.
  • the upper ends of the guide rails 11 are widened like a funnel and the side rails 12 of the step frame 3 are on the lower and upper corners 29 beveled.
  • you can 12 guide plates 27 and 28 can be arranged at the upper end of the guide rail, which facilitate the insertion of the rails 11 of the rigid frame 3 into the guide rails 12 of the supports 1, 2.
  • These baffles 27, 28 are arranged on the supports 1, 2 such that the insertion of the shoring plates 4, 5 into the inner guide channels 9 is not hindered. In Fig. 3, these baffles 27,28 are omitted.
  • FIG. 3 shows a view of the upper part of a support 1 with two guide channels 8, 9 on each side and on the wall facing the trench, a guide rail 11 which receives a lateral rail 12 of the rigid frame 3.
  • the support 1 shown is designed so that the edges of both the outer shoring panels and the inner shoring panels can be positively received in the longitudinal direction of the trench by the guide channels 8 and 9.
  • a sleeve 23 is arranged, in which the hook of a chain sling can be hooked.
  • the rigid frame 3 is also provided with a sleeve 24 for hanging a hook.
  • the stiffening frame 3 consists of horizontally and vertically extending hollow box sections 33 and 34. In the corners of the merging hollow sections 33 and 34, corner stiffeners 35 are arranged so that the stiff frame receives a very high rigidity and the lateral rails 12 of the stiffening frame even with relatively thin wall thicknesses Remain completely parallel even under the highest loads.
  • narrow sliding ribs running lengthwise are arranged on the parts of the guide rail 11 clasping the rail 12, which come into play with play on the back of the rail 12.
  • On both sides of the guide rail 11 are on the guide rail 11 or on the Rail 12 of the rigid frame 3 fixed sliding strips 32 are arranged, which are wide compared to the narrow sliding ribs 31 because they have to transfer the large loads from the supports to the rigid frame.
  • the sliding strips are made of a material with very good sliding properties. The distance between these sliding strips should be as large as possible and larger than the support lines of the edges of the shoring panels 4 and 5 in the supports 1 and 2. This measure has the advantage that when the supports 1 and 2 are loaded on one side, no torque is applied to the supports 1 and 2 acts.
  • two guide channels are not provided on both sides of a support 1 ', but only one guide channel 8' each, which is formed by a support flange 50 and a guide flange 51. Both the outer shoring panels 4 'and the inner shoring panels 5' are guided in this guide channel 8 '. Both shoring plates 4 'and 5' are supported by support webs 52 and 53 on the support flange 50 of the support 1 '. The shoring plates 4 'and 5' are designed differently. The outer shoring plates 4 'are somewhat wider and have a relatively long support web 52 which surrounds the inner shoring plate 5'.
  • the edge of the outer shoring plates 4 ' is positively guided in the longitudinal direction of the trench in the guide channel 8' of the support 1 '.
  • the inner shoring plates 5 ' are supported on the support flange 50 via the support web 53.
  • the support flange 50 is reinforced by the guide rail 11.
  • a side flange 56 is angled from the support flange 50 in such a way that support rollers are arranged one above the other between this side flange 56 and the side walls 58 of the support 1 ' 57 can be arranged, on which the supporting webs 52 and 53 of the shoring panels 4 'and 5' run.
  • the four corners of the shoring plates 4 'and 5' are open towards the narrow sides of the shoring plates 4 'and 5' pocket-like housing 58 arranged in which rollers 54 and 55 are mounted.
  • the rollers 54 roll on the side walls 59 of the supports 1, while the corner rollers 55 of the inner sheeting panels 5 'run on the outer sides of the side flanges 56.
  • These corner rollers 54 and 55 prevent the shoring panels between the supports of this shoring wall from tilting during the relative movement of a support of a loaded shoring wall.
  • the stops 6 and 7 which can be inserted below and above the rigid frame 3 into the recesses 14 of the guide rail 11 have an insert 15 which is adapted to the rectangular cross section of the recess 14.
  • the stops 6 and 7 are provided with a lock 16 which can be pivoted through 90 ° and which can be pivoted into the open position and the closed position via a shaft 17 passing through the insert piece 15 and a lever 18.
  • the lever 18 is designed so that it presses the bolt 16 into the locked position when a rigid frame abuts the stop 6 or 7. Since relatively large forces can act on the stops 6 and 7, it has a hook-like extension 19 with a second insert 20 which can be inserted in a second recess 14 in the row of holes.
  • a nose 21 engages behind the guide rail 11.
  • the stop 6 or 7 or the extension 19 is provided with a bow-shaped handle 22 with which the stop can be easily inserted into the recess 14 in the guide rail 11. 8 and 9 show the stop 6 in the locked position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Description

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Verfahren zum Verbau tiefer Gräben mittels Stützenrahmen, die in Grabenlängsrichtung in gleichen Abständen quer zum Graben aufstellbar sind und die sich aus zwei parallelen Stützen und einem die Stützen auf Abstand haltenden und verbindenden, längs den Stützen verschiebbaren starren Steifenrahmen zusammensetzen, und mittels großflächiger Verbauplatten, die an beiden Seiten des Grabens mit ihren vertikalen Rändern in Führungskanälen der Stützen zweier Stützenrahmen vertikal verschiebbar geführt und gehalten sind und bei dem Stützenrahmen und die Verbauplatten, dem Grabenaushub folgend, in den Graben gedrückt oder abgesenkt werden.The invention is based on a method for shoring deep trenches by means of support frames which can be set up transversely to the trench in the longitudinal direction of the trench and which are composed of two parallel supports and a rigid stiffening frame which keeps the supports at a distance and connects and which can be displaced along the supports, and by means of large-area shoring plates, which are guided and held vertically displaceably on both sides of the trench with their vertical edges in guide channels of the supports of two support frames and are pressed or lowered into the trench in the support frame and the shoring plates, following the trench excavation.

Ein derartiges Verfahren ist bekannt aus der DE-A 31 17 954. Aus dieser Schrift ist auch eine Verbauvorrichtung bekannt, bestehend aus

  • Stützenrahmen, die in Grabenlängsrichtung in gleichen Abständen quer zum Graben aufstellbar sind und sich zusammensetzen aus zwei vertikalen Stützen und einem starren Steifenrahmen, der quer zum Graben vertikal verschiebbar in den Stützen geführt ist, wobei an den dem Graben zugewandten Innenseiten der Stützen C-förmige Führungsschienen angeordnet sind, in welche formschlüssig parallele Schienen des Steifenrahmens geführt sind, und wobei an beiden in Grabenlängsrichtung weisenden Seiten Führungskanäle für Verbauplatten angeordnet sind und
  • großflächige Verbauplatten, die mit ihren vertikalen Rändern rechtwinklig zu den Stützenrahmen in den Führungskanälen der Stützen zweier Stützenrahmen vertikal verschiebbar in Grabenlängsrichtung formschlüssig geführt sind.
Such a method is known from DE-A 31 17 954. From this document, a shoring device is also known, consisting of
  • Support frames that can be set up at equal intervals across the trench in the longitudinal direction of the trench and are composed of two vertical supports and a rigid stiffening frame which is guided vertically displaceably in the supports transversely to the trench, with C-shaped guide rails on the inside of the supports facing the trench are arranged, in which form-fitting parallel rails of the rigid frame are guided, and wherein guide channels for sheeting plates are arranged on both sides pointing in the longitudinal direction of the trench and
  • Large-area shoring plates, which are guided with their vertical edges at right angles to the support frames in the guide channels of the supports of two support frames so as to be vertically displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the trench.

Bei der bekannten Vorrichtung ist in die Stützen zweier im Abstand voneinander aufgestellten Stützenrahmen an jeder Grabenseite eine Verbauplatte einschiebbar.
Damit der Steifenrahmen beim Aufstellen eines Stützenrahmens sich nicht gegenüber den Stützen verschiebt, sind in den Stützen und den in den Stützen geführten Teilen des Steifenrahmens Bohrungen vorgesehen, die mittels eines Bolzens gegeneinander festgelegt werden können. Bei dieser Verbauvorrichtung ist die Länge der Stützen etwa doppelt so groß wie die Höhe des Steifenrahmens, wobei der Steifenrahmen nur im oberen Bereich des Stützenrahmens angeordnet wird, damit unterhalb des Steifenrahmens genügend freier Raum für den Baggerlöffel verbleibt. Zum Verbau sehr tiefer Gräben ist diese Vorrichtung nicht geeignet, weil dabei auch die Verbauplatten sehr hoch sein müßten und dadurch Schwierigkeiten beim Rückbau der Verbauvorrichtung entstehen und weil beim Aufrichten und Einsetzen eines Stützenrahmens die obere Steife des Steifenrahmens sehr hoch ist, so daß es sehr schwierig ist, mit dem Baggerlöffel über diese obere Steife zu greifen.
In the known device, a shoring plate can be inserted into the supports of two support frames set up at a distance from one another on each trench side.
So that the stiffener frame does not shift relative to the supports when a support frame is set up, holes are provided in the supports and in the parts of the stiffener frame guided in the supports, which can be fixed against one another by means of a bolt. In this shoring device, the length of the supports is about twice as high as the height of the stiffener frame, the stiffener frame being arranged only in the upper region of the support frame, so that there is enough free space for the excavator bucket below the stiffener frame. This device is not suitable for shoring very deep trenches because the shoring plates would also have to be very high and this would cause difficulties when dismantling the shoring device and because when erecting and inserting a support frame the upper stiffness of the stiffening frame is very high, making it very difficult is to reach over this top stiffener with the backhoe.

Aus der DE-A 38 44 313 ist eine Verbauvorrichtung bekannt, bei welcher der Steifenrahmen sich aus drei oder mehr Einzelrahmen zusammensetzt. Auch bei dieser Verbauvorrichtung ist der Steifenrahmen im Verhältnis zur Höhe der Stützen hoch, so daß beim Aufstellen des Stützenrahmens ein Bagger Schwierigkeiten hat, mit seinem Löffel über den Steifenrahmen zu greifen.From DE-A 38 44 313 a shoring device is known in which the stiffener frame is composed of three or more individual frames. In this shoring device, too, the stiffener frame is high in relation to the height of the supports, so that when the support frame is erected, an excavator has difficulties in reaching over the stiffener frame with its spoon.

Aus der DE-AS 17 08 539 ist eine Verbauvorrichtung bekannt, bei der zwei die Stützen auf Abstand haltende Spreizen über vertikale Streben zu einem starren Steifenrahmen verbunden sind. Dieser Steifenrahmen ist in den Stützen verschiebbar. Weil der Steifenrahmen über relativ kurze Führungsköpfe in den Stützen geführt ist, ist ein Verschieben der Steifenrahmen unter Last problematisch. Damit nach dem Aufstellen des Stützenrahmens der Steifenrahmen nicht nach unten rutscht, ist er in der erforderlichen Höhe mittels Haltebolzen festgelegt.From DE-AS 17 08 539 a shoring device is known in which two struts that keep the supports at a distance are connected via vertical struts to form a rigid rigid frame. This stiffener frame can be moved in the supports. Because the rigid frame is guided in the supports via relatively short guide heads, moving the rigid frame under load is problematic. So that after the support frame is set up, the stiffener frame does not slide down, it is fixed at the required height using retaining bolts.

Zum Verbau von Gräben mit in Stützen geführten Verbauplatten sind Stützenrahmen gebräuchlich, die sich aus zwei Stützen und zwei oder mehr zum Graben verlaufenden und gelenkig an den Stützen befestigten Spreizen zusammensetzen. Die Standfestigkeit dieser Stützenrahmen wird über vorgespannte Federn erreicht, die zwischen den Stützen und den Spreizen angeordnet sind. Diese Stützenrahmen haben den Nachteil, daß die Stützen nur um einen relativ kleinen Betrag gegenüber der anderen Stütze in Längsrichtung bewegt werden können. Wenn beim Rückbau eine Stütze gezogen wird, während die andere Stütze stehenbleibt, wird durch die dadurch bewirkte Schrägstellung der Spreizen der Abstand der Stützen voneinander geringer. Der Boden kann demzufolge nachrutschen. Wird dann die gegenüberliegende Stütze gezogen, muß der nachgerutschte Boden zurückgedrückt werden, was sehr hohe Hubkräfte des Baggers erforderlich macht. Mit diesem Verfahren und dieser Verbauvorrichtung lassen sich Gräben über 6 m Tiefe nur unter besonders günstigen Bodenverhältnissen verbauen. Dabei tritt die Schwierigkeit auf, daß beim Einsetzen eines Stützenrahmens die obere, an den Stützen angelenkte Spreize sehr hoch sitzt, so daß der Bagger mit seinem Ausleger über diese hochsitzende Spreize greifen muß. Nur relativ großen Baggern ist es möglich, mit dem Hauptausleger über eine so hoch sitzende Spreize zu greifen. Ferner ist in dieser Stellung auch das Tieferbaggern mit dem Tieflöffel schwierig.
Ausgehend von dem eingangs beschriebenen Verfahren liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, dieses derart weiter zu entwickeln, daß auch tiefe und sehr tiefe Gräben zuverlässig verbaut werden können und die Verbauvorrichtung ohne Anwendung extrem großer Kräfte zurückgebaut werden kann und bei dem trotz großer Grabentiefe leichtere Bagger eingesetzt werden können.
For the construction of trenches with shoring plates guided in supports, support frames are customary which are composed of two supports and two or more spreaders which run for digging and are articulated to the supports. The stability of this support frame is achieved via pre-tensioned springs, which are arranged between the supports and the struts. These support frames have the disadvantage that the supports can only be moved in the longitudinal direction by a relatively small amount compared to the other support. If one of the supports is pulled during the dismantling while the other support remains standing, the resulting inclination of the spreaders reduces the distance between the supports. As a result, the floor can slide. If the opposite support is then pulled, the slid floor must be pushed back, which makes very high lifting forces of the excavator necessary. With this method and this shoring device, trenches over 6 m deep can only be built under particularly favorable soil conditions. The difficulty arises that when inserting a support frame, the upper, articulated to the supports spreaders sits very high, so that the excavator with its boom must reach over these high-seated spreaders. Only relatively large excavators can reach with the main boom over such a high-spreading spreader. In this position, digging with a backhoe is also difficult.
Based on the method described in the introduction, the object of the invention is to further develop it in such a way that even deep and very deep trenches can be reliably installed and the shoring device can be dismantled without the use of extremely great forces and in which lighter excavators are used despite the large trench depth can be.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Steifenrahmen zwischen einem unteren Anschlag und einem oberen Anschlag verschiebbar an den Stützen geführt ist, wobei der untere Anschlag in Höhe der notwendigen Baggerlöffel-Freiheit ca. 1 bis 1,50 m vom Stützenfuß und der obere Anschlag im Abstand vom unteren Anschlag angeordnet ist, welcher die Höhe des Steifenrahmens, z.B. 1,75 m, und einem zulässigen Stützenvortrieb, z.B. 0,5 m, entspricht und daß nach Aufstellen und Absenken des Stützenrahmens auf ein Niveau, bei dem sich die obere Kante des Steifenrahmens in Höhe der Grabenkante befindet, die oberen Anschläge entfernt, ein zweiter Steifenrahmen in die Stützen des Stützenrahmens eingeführt und die oberen Anschläge im Abstand über dem zweiten Steifenrahmen an den Stützen befestigt werden und daß nach Absenken des Stützenrahmens um eine weitere Steifenrahmenhöhe die oberen Anschläge entfernt und gegebenenfalls ein dritter Steifenrahmen in die Stützen des Stützenrahmens eingeführt wird und daß zum Rückbau des Stützenrahmens die Steifenrahmen miteinander verbunden werden.This object is achieved in that the rigid frame between a lower stop and an upper stop is slidably guided on the supports, the lower stop at the level of the necessary excavator bucket freedom about 1 to 1.50 m from the support foot and the upper stop is arranged at a distance from the lower stop, which is the height of the rigid frame, for example 1.75 m, and a permissible prop jacking, e.g. 0.5 m, and after setting up and lowering the support frame to a level at which the upper edge of the stiffener frame is at the level of the trench edge, the upper stops are removed, a second stiffener frame is inserted into the supports of the support frame and the upper stops are attached to the supports at a distance above the second stiffener frame and that after lowering the support frame by a further stiffener frame height, the upper stops are removed and, if necessary, a third stiffener frame is inserted into the supports of the support frame and that the stiffener frames are connected to one another in order to dismantle the support frame.

Eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens ist gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Merkmale:

  • a) es sind für jede Grabenseite zusätzlich mindestens eine innere Verbauplatte vorgesehen, die in Führungskanälen der Stützen zweier Stützenrahmen vertikal verschiebbar geführt sind
  • b) die Höhe der Steifenrahmen (z.B. 1,70 m) ist kleiner als ein Drittel der Höhe einer Stütze
  • c) an den Führungsschienen sind in Reihe übereinander mehrere Aufnahmen zum Einsetzen von unterhalb und oberhalb des Steifenrahmens anzuordnende Anschläge angeordnet.
A device for performing this method is characterized by the following features:
  • a) at least one inner shoring plate is additionally provided for each side of the trench, which are guided vertically displaceably in guide channels of the supports of two support frames
  • b) the height of the stiffening frame (eg 1.70 m) is less than a third of the height of a support
  • c) on the guide rails, a plurality of receptacles for insertion from below and above the rigid frame, stops are arranged one above the other.

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 4 und 6 bis 13.Further features of the invention result from subclaims 2 to 4 and 6 to 13.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verbauverfahren sowie die Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens sind zum Verbau von 5 bis 10 Meter tiefen Gräben bestimmt, wenn auch weniger tiefe Gräben in gleicher Weise verbaut werden können. Bei sehr tiefen Gräben sind die Stützen an jeder Seite mit drei oder vier Führungskanälen zur Aufnahme der Ränder der Verbauplatten versehen. Dementsprechend ist der ausgehobene Graben zwei- oder dreifach gestuft. Weil trotz der großen Höhe der Stützen diese von nur einem starren Steifenrahmen zuverlässig gehalten werden, kann bei Beginn des Grabenaushubs der Ausleger des Baggers bequem über diesen Steifenrahmen greifen, dessen obere Kante in jedem Falle unter 2,50 m über dem Boden liegt. Diese Höhe ergibt sich aus folgenden Werten: Tiefe der Auskofferung - 1,00 m Höhe des unteren Anschlags + 1,50 m Höhe des Steifenrahmens + 1,70 m 2,30 m The shoring method according to the invention and the device for carrying out this method are intended for shoring trenches 5 to 10 meters deep, although trenches less deep can be built in the same way. In the case of very deep trenches, the supports are provided with three or four guide channels on each side to accommodate the edges of the shoring panels. Accordingly, the excavated trench has two or three levels. Because, despite the great height of the supports, they are reliably held by only one rigid stiffening frame, the excavator boom can comfortably reach over this stiffening frame at the beginning of the trench excavation, the upper edge of which is in any case less than 2.50 m above the ground. This amount results from the following values: Depth of the lining - 1.00 m Height of the lower stop + 1.50 m Height of the stiffener frame + 1.70 m 2.30 m

Die Stützen können unabhängig voneinander vorgetrieben werden, dabei nimmt der obere Anschlag den Steifenrahmen mit, so daß die freie Kragarmlänge im unteren Bereich der Stützen nicht überschritten wird. Wenn das Verbaufeld auf die Höhe der Verbauplatten abgesenkt worden ist, werden die beiden innen laufenden Verbauplatten in die Führungskanäle der Stützen eingeführt. Da nun auch der Steifenrahmen aufgrund seiner Höhe (ca. 1,70 m) bis unter die Erdoberkante abgesenkt ist, wird nun der zweite Steifenrahmen nach Beseitigung der oberen Anschläge in die Stützen eingeführt und am unteren befestigt. Diese Befestigung erfolgt mit Rücksicht auf den Rückbau. Danach müssen die oberen Anschläge wieder mit dem gleichen Hubweg montiert werden. Nun kann das Absenken der inneren Platten und der Stützen fortgesetzt werden. Weil die Steifenrahmen nach Bedarf (abhängig von der Gesamttiefe) nachgeschoben werden, kann der Bagger mit Standardstiel problemlos über dem Rahmen zwischen dem Verbau sauber und gleichmäßig ausbaggern.The supports can be driven independently of each other, the upper stop takes the rigid frame with them so that the free cantilever length in the lower area of the supports is not exceeded. When the shoring field has been lowered to the level of the shoring panels, the two shoring panels running inside are inserted into the guide channels of the supports. Now that the stiffener frame has been lowered to below the top edge of the earth due to its height (approx. 1.70 m), the second stiffener frame is now inserted into the supports after fixing the upper stops and attached to the lower one. This attachment takes place with consideration of the dismantling. After that, the upper stops must be reassembled with the same stroke. Now the lowering of the inner plates and the supports can be continued. Because the stiffening frames can be pushed as required (depending on the total depth), the excavator with standard stick can be dredged cleanly and evenly over the frame between the shoring.

Die Stützen und die Verbauplatten sind so ausgebildet, daß an jeder Stützenseite mindestens zwei Verbauplatten und, falls erforderlich, drei oder vier Verbauplatten eingeführt werden können.The supports and the mounting plates are designed so that at least two mounting plates and, if necessary, three or four mounting plates can be inserted on each side of the support.

Die neue Verbauvorrichtung hat den Vorteil, daß mit leichteren Baggern gearbeitet werden kann, daß tiefere Gräben als bisher wirtschaftlich verbaut werden können und daß bei weniger tiefen Gräben schneller und störungsfreier gearbeitet werden kann.The new shoring device has the advantage that it is possible to work with lighter excavators, that deeper trenches can be built economically than before, and that work can be carried out faster and with less interference if the trenches are less deep.

In der folgenden Beschreibung werden unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung näher erläutert. Die Zeichnungen zeigen in

Fig. 1
vier Arbeitssituationen beim Einsetzen und Absenken eines Stützenrahmens,
Fig. 2
eine Ansicht eines Stützenrahmens mit eingeführten Steifenrahmen und Verbauplatten,
Fig. 3
schaubildliche Ansicht eines Teiles einer Stütze und eines Steifenrahmens,
Fig. 4
Draufsicht auf die Führung eines Steifenrahmens in einer Stütze,
Fig. 5
Schnittansicht einer Stütze mit eingeschobenen Verbauplatten und eingeschobenem Stufenrahmen,
Fig. 6
schaubildliche Ansicht eines Anschlages beim Einsetzen in eine Stütze,
Fig. 7
Draufsicht auf einen eingesetzten Anschlag,
Fig. 8
Schnittansicht und
Fig. 9
Draufsicht auf einen verriegelten Anschlag.
In the following description, exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. The drawings show in
Fig. 1
four work situations when inserting and lowering a support frame,
Fig. 2
a view of a support frame with inserted stiffening frame and sheeting,
Fig. 3
perspective view of a part of a support and a rigid frame,
Fig. 4
Top view of the guidance of a rigid frame in a support,
Fig. 5
Sectional view of a support with inserted sheeting plates and inserted step frame,
Fig. 6
perspective view of a stop when inserted into a support,
Fig. 7
Top view of an inserted stop,
Fig. 8
Sectional view and
Fig. 9
Top view of a locked stop.

Die in den Fig. 1 bis 3 dargestellte Vorrichtung dient zum Verbau von über 6 Meter tiefen Gräben. Sie weist in Grabenlängsrichtung in gleichen Abständen aufstellbare Stützenrahmen auf, die sich je aus zwei parallelen Stützen 1,2 und einen die Stützen 1,2 auf Abstand haltenden und verbindenden Steifenrahmen 3 zusammensetzen. Der Steifenrahmen 3 ist längs den Stützen 1,2 verschiebbar. Zu beiden Seiten der Stützen 1,2 befinden sich je zwei Führungskanäle 8,9, in welche großflächige Verbauplatten 4,5 mit ihren seitlichen Rändern einführbar sind. Die Stützenrahmen 1,2,3 und die Verbauplatten 4,5 werden, dem Grabenaushub folgend, in den Graben abgesenkt bzw. mit dem Baggerlöffel in den Graben gedrückt. Die Stützenfüße sowie die untere Längskante der Verbauplatten 4,5 sind mit Schneiden 13 versehen, die dafür sorgen, daß beim Absenken der Stützen 1,2 und der Verbauplatten 4,5 das überstehende Erdreich an der Grabenwand nach innen in den Graben fällt. Diese bekannten Schneiden 13 bewirken, daß beim Eintreiben der Stützen 1,2 diese nicht vom Erdreich zur Mitte des Grabens hin gedrückt werden, sondern im Lot bleiben und parallel zueinander abgesenkt werden.The device shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is used to block trenches over 6 meters deep. It has support frames which can be set up at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction of the trench and which are each composed of two parallel supports 1, 2 and a rigid frame 3 which keeps the supports 1, 2 at a distance and connects them. The stiffener frame 3 is displaceable along the supports 1, 2. On both sides of the supports 1, 2 there are two guide channels 8, 9 into which large-area shoring panels 4, 5 with their lateral edges can be inserted. The support frames 1, 2, 3 and the shoring panels 4, 5 are lowered into the trench following the trench excavation or pressed into the trench with the excavator bucket. The support feet and the lower longitudinal edge of the shoring plates 4.5 are provided with cutting edges 13, which ensure that when the supports 1, 2 and shoring plates 4.5 are lowered, the protruding soil on the trench wall falls inwards into the trench. These known cutting edges 13 cause that when driving the supports 1, 2 these are not pressed from the ground towards the center of the trench, but remain vertical and are lowered parallel to one another.

Der Steifenrahmen 3 ist zwischen einem unteren Anschlag 6 und einem oberen Anschlag 7 verschiebbar an den Stützen 1,2 geführt. Der untere Anschlag 6 ist in Höhe der notwendigen Baggerlöffel-Freiheit ca. 1 bis 1,50 m vom unteren Stützenende entfernt angebracht. Der obere Anschlag 7 ist in einem Abstand vom unteren Anschlag 6 angeordnet, welcher der Höhe des Steifenrahmens 3 und einem zulässigen Stützenvortrieb entspricht. Die Anschläge 6 und 7 sind leicht versetzbar ausgebildet und können in Ausnehmungen 14 eingesetzt werden, die in Führungsschienen 11 der Stützen 1,2 in Reihe übereinander angeordnet sind.The rigid frame 3 is slidably guided on the supports 1, 2 between a lower stop 6 and an upper stop 7. The lower stop 6 is attached at the level of the necessary excavator bucket clearance approx. 1 to 1.50 m from the lower end of the support. The upper stop 7 is arranged at a distance from the lower stop 6, which corresponds to the height of the rigid frame 3 and an allowable prop jacking. The stops 6 and 7 are easily displaceable and can be inserted into recesses 14 which are arranged one above the other in rows in guide rails 11 of the supports 1, 2.

Nach Aufstellen und Absenken des Stützenrahmens 1,2,3 auf ein Niveau, bei dem sich die obere Kante des Steifenrahmens 3 in Höhe oder unter der Grabenkante befindet, (vgl. Fig. 1 B) werden die oberen Anschläge 6 entfernt und ein zweiter Steifenrahmen 3 in die Stützen 1 und 2 des Stützenrahmens eingeführt. Die oberen Anschläge 7 werden im Abstand über dem zweiten Steifenrahmen 3 an den Stützen 1,2 befestigt. Nach Absenken des Stützenrahmens 1,2,3 um eine weitere Steifenrahmenhöhe werden wieder die oberen Anschläge 7 entfernt und gegebenenfalls ein dritter Steifenrahmen 3 in die Stützen 1,2 des Stützenrahmens eingeführt. (vgl. Fig. 1 C) Zum Rückbau der Verbauvorrichtung werden die Steifenrahmen 3 leicht lösbar miteinander verbunden, so daß durch Hochziehen des oberen Steifenrahmens auch die damit verbundenen, darunter befindlichen Steifenrahmen 3 folgen.After setting up and lowering the support frame 1, 2, 3 to a level at which the upper edge of the stiffening frame 3 is at height or below the trench edge (see FIG. 1B), the upper stops 6 are removed and a second stiffening frame 3 inserted into the supports 1 and 2 of the support frame. The upper stops 7 are fastened to the supports 1, 2 at a distance above the second rigid frame 3. After lowering the support frame 1, 2, 3 by a further stiffener frame height, the upper stops 7 are removed again and, if necessary, a third stiffener frame 3 is inserted into the supports 1, 2 of the support frame. (cf. Fig. 1 C) To dismantle the shoring device, the stiffener frames 3 are easily detachably connected to each other, so that by pulling up the upper stiffener frame, the stiffener frames 3 connected below also follow.

Der Rückbau des gestuften Verbaus läuft analog zum Einbau, d.h. nach Einbringung der Rohre wird Erdreich lagenweise eingefüllt, und zwar bis max. Unterkante des unteren Steifenrahmens 3. Danach werden Steifenrahmen 3, Verbauplatten 4,5 und Stützen 1,2 auf das neu entstandene Sohlenniveau gezogen. Hat man bis auf das entsprechende Niveau zurückgebaut, können die inneren Verbauplatten 5 und nach Entfernen der oberen Anschläge 7 der obere Steifenrahmen 3 der Verbaueinheit entnommen werden. Danach werden die oberen Anschläge 7 über den letzten Steifenrahmen 3 angebracht und der Stützenrahmen 1,2,3 wird aus dem im wesentlichen verfüllten Graben gezogen. Der Stützenrahmen 1,2,3 kann dann erneut am Grabenkopf eingesetzt werden.The dismantling of the stepped sheeting is carried out in the same way as the installation, ie after the pipes have been inserted, soil is poured in layers, up to max. Lower edge of the lower stiffening frame 3. Then stiffening frame 3, sheeting plates 4.5 and supports 1.2 to the newly created level. If you have dismantled to the corresponding level, the inner shoring plates 5 and after removing the upper stops 7, the upper rigid frame 3 can be removed from the shoring unit. Then the upper stops 7 are attached over the last rigid frame 3 and the support frame 1, 2, 3 is pulled out of the essentially filled trench. The support frame 1, 2, 3 can then be used again on the trench head.

Bei sehr tiefen Gräben oder auch bei sehr großen Durchmessern der zu verlegenden Rohre kann der Rückbau der Verbauvorrichtung auch so erfolgen, daß nach Entfernen der Anschläge 6 und 7 nur die Verbauplatten 4,5 und die Steifenrahmen 3, der Verfüllung folgend, nach oben gezogen werden. Nach Ziehen des unteren letzten Steifenrahmens 3 aus den Führungsschienen 11 der Stützen 1,2 (vgl. Fig. 1 D) können die glatten Stützen 1,2 einzeln herausgezogen werden. Dabei kann der Bagger so an die Stützen 1,2 herangefahren werden, daß er die Stütze 1,2 mit größter ihm zur Verfügung stehenden Kraft herausziehen kann. Vor dem Ziehen der Stützen 1,2 können der Hohlraum sowie die Führungskanäle 8,9 der Stützen 1,2 mit Sand oder Kies verfüllt werden.In the case of very deep trenches or even very large diameters of the pipes to be laid, the shoring device can also be dismantled in such a way that, after the stops 6 and 7 have been removed, only the shoring plates 4, 5 and the rigid frame 3, following the backfilling, are pulled upwards . After pulling the lower last rigid frame 3 out of the guide rails 11 of the supports 1, 2 (see FIG. 1 D), the smooth supports 1, 2 can be pulled out individually. The excavator can be moved up to the supports 1, 2 so that it can pull out the support 1, 2 with the greatest force available to it. Before the supports 1, 2 are drawn, the cavity and the guide channels 8, 9 of the supports 1, 2 can be filled with sand or gravel.

Montage des Stützenramens:Assembling the column frame:

Eine Stütze 1 wird mit dem Rücken waagerecht auf den Boden gelegt. Dann wird der untere Anschlag 6 in der erforderlichen Höhe in eine Aufnahme 14 der Lochreihe an der Stütze 1 eingesetzt. Die Anschlaghöhe kann 1 m bis 1,50 m vom Stützenfuß 13 betragen, so daß der Bagger mit seinem Grabgefäß unter den Steifenrahmen 3 greifen kann und den Graben zwischen den Stützen 1,2 zum weiteren Absenken der Stützen freischneiden kann. Dann wird der Steifenrahmen 3 von der Stützenkopfseite aus horizontal mit seiner Schiene 12 in die Führungsschiene 11 der Stütze 1 eingeschoben. Danach wird die zweite Stütze 2 waagerecht in die gegenüberliegende Schiene 12 des Steifenrahmens 3 eingeführt. Dann werden die oberen Anschläge 7 eingesetzt. Der Abstand des unteren Anschlages 6 zum oberen Anschlag 7 sollte ca. 0,5 m höher sein als die Höhe des Steifenrahmens 3. Der Anschlag 7 begrenzt das Nachschieben einer Stütze 1 oder 2, so daß die freie Kragarmlänge der Stützen 1,2 nicht über ihren Maximalwert kommen kann. Auf diese Weise entsteht der erste Stützenrahmen. Die weiteren Stützenrahmen werden entsprechend aufgebaut.A support 1 is placed horizontally on the floor with its back. Then the lower stop 6 is inserted at the required height into a receptacle 14 in the row of holes on the support 1. The stop height can be 1 m to 1.50 m from the column foot 13, so that the excavator can reach with its digging vessel under the rigid frame 3 and can cut the trench between the columns 1, 2 to further lower the columns. Then the stiffener frame 3 is inserted horizontally from the support head side with its rail 12 into the guide rail 11 of the support 1. Then the second support 2 is inserted horizontally into the opposite rail 12 of the rigid frame 3. Then they will upper stops 7 used. The distance of the lower stop 6 to the upper stop 7 should be about 0.5 m higher than the height of the rigid frame 3. The stop 7 limits the pushing of a support 1 or 2, so that the free cantilever length of the supports 1,2 does not exceed their maximum value can come. In this way, the first column frame is created. The other support frames are constructed accordingly.

Einbau der Verbauvorrichtung:Installation of the shoring device:

Zunächst wird ein Teil des Grabens ausgekoffert, und zwar in der Breite des Stützenrahmens 1,2,3 und auf eine Länge von 1 x Verbauplattenlänge plus Breite einer Stütze (zum Beispiel 0,5 m). Je nach Bodenverhältnissen erfolgt die Auskofferung auf einer Tiefe von ca. 1 m. Danach wird der erste Stützenrahmen 1,2,3 mittels eines Kettengehänges und eines Baggers gesetzt. Das Kettengehänge wird an den Stützenköpfen befestigt. Dabei wird der Steifenrahmen von den unteren Anschlägen 6 gehalten. Nach Ausrichten des Stützenrahmens werden die beiden äußeren oberen Verbauplatten 4 in die Führungskanäle 8 der Stützen 1 und 2 des ersten Stützenrahmens eingeführt und parallel zur Grabenachse ausgerichtet. Anschließend wird ein zweiter Stützenrahmen mit den Führungskanälen 8 über die zum Bagger hin weisenden Ränder der Verbauplatten 4 eingefädelt. Damit steht das erste Verbauplattenfeld und es kann mit dem Ausbaggern des Grabens begonnen werden. Da die obere Kante des Steifenrahmens 3 niedriger ist als 2,50 m über dem Boden, kann auch ein relativ kleiner Bagger über den Steifenrahmen greifen und einen tiefen Graben ausheben.First, part of the trench is excavated, namely in the width of the support frame 1, 2, 3 and to a length of 1 x shoring plate length plus the width of a support (for example 0.5 m). Depending on the soil conditions, the excavation takes place at a depth of approx. 1 m. Then the first support frame 1, 2, 3 is set using a chain sling and an excavator. The chain sling is attached to the support heads. The rigid frame is held by the lower stops 6. After aligning the support frame, the two outer upper shoring plates 4 are inserted into the guide channels 8 of the supports 1 and 2 of the first support frame and aligned parallel to the trench axis. A second support frame with the guide channels 8 is then threaded over the edges of the shoring panels 4 pointing towards the excavator. The first shoring panel is now in place and excavation of the trench can begin. Since the upper edge of the rigid frame 3 is lower than 2.50 m above the ground, a relatively small excavator can reach over the rigid frame and dig a deep trench.

Damit das Einführen der Schienen 11 des Steifenrahmens 3 in die Führungsschienen 12 der Stützen 1 und 2 störungsfrei und schnell erfolgen kann, sind - wie Fig. 4 zeigt - die oberen Enden der Führungsschienen 11 trichterartig erweitert und die seitlichen Schienen 12 des Stufenrahmens 3 sind an den unteren und oberen Ecken 29 abgeschrägt. Zusätzlich können am oberen Ende der Führungsschiene 12 Leitbleche 27 und 28 angeordnet sein, die das Einführen der Schienen 11 des Steifenrahmens 3 in die Führungsschienen 12 der Stützen 1,2 erleichtern. Dabei sind diese Leitbleche 27,28 so an den Stützen 1,2 angeordnet, daß das Einführen der Verbauplatten 4,5 in die inneren Führungskanäle 9 nicht behindert wird. In Fig. 3 sind diese Leitbleche 27,28 weggelassen.So that the insertion of the rails 11 of the rigid frame 3 into the guide rails 12 of the supports 1 and 2 can take place quickly and without interference, as shown in FIG. 4, the upper ends of the guide rails 11 are widened like a funnel and the side rails 12 of the step frame 3 are on the lower and upper corners 29 beveled. In addition, you can 12 guide plates 27 and 28 can be arranged at the upper end of the guide rail, which facilitate the insertion of the rails 11 of the rigid frame 3 into the guide rails 12 of the supports 1, 2. These baffles 27, 28 are arranged on the supports 1, 2 such that the insertion of the shoring plates 4, 5 into the inner guide channels 9 is not hindered. In Fig. 3, these baffles 27,28 are omitted.

Die Fig. 3 zeigt eine Ansicht auf den oberen Teil einer Stütze 1 mit je zwei Führungskanälen 8,9 an jeder Seite und an der zum Graben weisenden Wand eine Führungsschiene 11, welche eine seitliche Schiene 12 des Steifenrahmens 3 aufnimmt.3 shows a view of the upper part of a support 1 with two guide channels 8, 9 on each side and on the wall facing the trench, a guide rail 11 which receives a lateral rail 12 of the rigid frame 3.

Die dargestellte Stütze 1 ist so ausgebildet, daß von den Führungskanälen 8 und 9 die Ränder sowohl der äußeren Verbauplatten als auch der inneren Verbauplatten in Grabenlängsrichtung formschlüssig aufgenommen werden können.The support 1 shown is designed so that the edges of both the outer shoring panels and the inner shoring panels can be positively received in the longitudinal direction of the trench by the guide channels 8 and 9.

Am oberen Ende der Stütze 1 ist eine Hülse 23 angeordnet, in welche der Haken eines Kettengehänges eingehakt werden kann. Auch der Steifenrahmen 3 ist mit einer Hülse 24 versehen zum Einhängen eines Hakens.At the upper end of the support 1, a sleeve 23 is arranged, in which the hook of a chain sling can be hooked. The rigid frame 3 is also provided with a sleeve 24 for hanging a hook.

Der Steifenrahmen 3 besteht aus horizontal und vertikal verlaufenden Kastenhohlprofilen 33 und 34. In den Ecken der ineinander übergehenden Hohlprofile 33 und 34 sind Eckversteifungen 35 angeordnet, so daß auch bei relativ dünnen Wandstärken der Steifenrahmen eine sehr hohe Steifigkeit erhält und die seitlichen Schienen 12 des Steifenrahmens auch unter höchster Belastung völlig parallel bleiben.The stiffening frame 3 consists of horizontally and vertically extending hollow box sections 33 and 34. In the corners of the merging hollow sections 33 and 34, corner stiffeners 35 are arranged so that the stiff frame receives a very high rigidity and the lateral rails 12 of the stiffening frame even with relatively thin wall thicknesses Remain completely parallel even under the highest loads.

Wie die Fig. 4 zeigt, sind an den die Schiene 12 umklammernden Teilen der Führungsschiene 11 längsverlaufende schmale Gleitrippen angeordnet, die mit Spiel an der Rückseite der Schiene 12 zur Anlage gelangen. An beiden Seiten der Führungsschiene 11 sind an der Führungsschiene 11 oder an der Schiene 12 des Steifenrahmens 3 befestigte Gleitstreifen 32 angeordnet, die gegenüber den schmalen Gleitrippen 31 breit sind, weil sie die großen Lasten von den Stützen auf die Steifenrahmen zu übertragen haben. Die Gleitstreifen bestehen aus einem Material mit sehr guten Gleiteigenschaften. Der Abstand dieser Gleitstreifen voneinander sollte möglichst groß sein und größer als die Abstützlinien der Ränder der Verbauplatten 4 und 5 in den Stützen 1 und 2. Diese Maßnahme hat den Vorteil, daß bei einseitiger Belastung der Stützen 1 und 2 kein Drehmoment auf die Stützen 1 und 2 einwirkt.As shown in FIG. 4, narrow sliding ribs running lengthwise are arranged on the parts of the guide rail 11 clasping the rail 12, which come into play with play on the back of the rail 12. On both sides of the guide rail 11 are on the guide rail 11 or on the Rail 12 of the rigid frame 3 fixed sliding strips 32 are arranged, which are wide compared to the narrow sliding ribs 31 because they have to transfer the large loads from the supports to the rigid frame. The sliding strips are made of a material with very good sliding properties. The distance between these sliding strips should be as large as possible and larger than the support lines of the edges of the shoring panels 4 and 5 in the supports 1 and 2. This measure has the advantage that when the supports 1 and 2 are loaded on one side, no torque is applied to the supports 1 and 2 acts.

Obgleich das Spiel zwischen der Gleitrippe 31 und der Rückseite der Schiene 12 relativ groß sein kann, ist wegen der großen Höhe (1,50 bis 1,90 m) nicht zu befürchten, daß dadurch die Parallelität der Stützen 1 und 2 zueinander beeinträchtigt wird.Although the play between the sliding rib 31 and the rear of the rail 12 can be relatively large, there is no reason to fear that the parallelism of the supports 1 and 2 to one another is impaired because of the great height (1.50 to 1.90 m).

Bei der Ausführungsform der Verbauvorrichtung nach Fig. 5 sind zu beiden Seiten einer Stütze 1' nicht zwei Führungskanäle, sondern nur je ein Führungskanal 8' vorgesehen, der von einem Stützflansch 50 und einem Führungsflansch 51 gebildet ist. In diesem Führungskanal 8' sind sowohl die äußeren Verbauplatten 4' als auch die inneren Verbauplatten 5' geführt. Beide Verbauplatten 4' und 5' stützen sich über Stützstege 52 und 53 auf den Stützflansch 50 der Stütze 1' ab. Die Verbauplatten 4' und 5' sind unterschiedlich ausgebildet. Die äußere Verbauplatten 4' sind etwas breiter und haben einen relativ langen Stützsteg 52, der die innere Verbauplatte 5' umgreift. Der Rand der äußeren Verbauplatten 4' ist in Grabenlängsrichtung formschlüssig im Führungskanal 8' der Stütze 1' geführt. Die inneren Verbauplatten 5' stützen sich über den Stützsteg 53 auf den Stützflansch 50 ab. Der Stützflansch 50 ist durch die Führungsschiene 11 verstärkt. Vom Stützflansch 50 ist ein Seitenflansch 56 so abgewinkelt, daß zwischen diesem Seitenflansch 56 und den Seitenwänden 58 der Stütze 1' in Reihe übereinander Stützrollen 57 angeordnet werden können, auf welche die Stützstege 52 und 53 der Verbauplatten 4' und 5' ablaufen.In the embodiment of the shoring device according to FIG. 5, two guide channels are not provided on both sides of a support 1 ', but only one guide channel 8' each, which is formed by a support flange 50 and a guide flange 51. Both the outer shoring panels 4 'and the inner shoring panels 5' are guided in this guide channel 8 '. Both shoring plates 4 'and 5' are supported by support webs 52 and 53 on the support flange 50 of the support 1 '. The shoring plates 4 'and 5' are designed differently. The outer shoring plates 4 'are somewhat wider and have a relatively long support web 52 which surrounds the inner shoring plate 5'. The edge of the outer shoring plates 4 'is positively guided in the longitudinal direction of the trench in the guide channel 8' of the support 1 '. The inner shoring plates 5 'are supported on the support flange 50 via the support web 53. The support flange 50 is reinforced by the guide rail 11. A side flange 56 is angled from the support flange 50 in such a way that support rollers are arranged one above the other between this side flange 56 and the side walls 58 of the support 1 ' 57 can be arranged, on which the supporting webs 52 and 53 of the shoring panels 4 'and 5' run.

Damit sich beim Vortreiben oder Ziehen der Stützen die Verbauplatten 4' und 5' zwischen zwei Stützen 1' oder 2' nicht verkanten, sind in den vier Eckbereichen der Verbauplatten 4' und 5' zu den Schmalseiten der Verbauplatten 4' und 5' hin offene taschenartige Gehäuse 58 angeordnet, in denen Rollen 54 und 55 gelagert sind. Die Rollen 54 rollen auf den Seitenwänden 59 der Stützen 1 ab, während die Eckrollen 55 der inneren Verbauplatten 5' auf den Außenseiten der Seitenflansche 56 ablaufen. Diese Eckrollen 54 und 55 verhindern, daß bei der Relativbewegung einer Stütze einer belasteten Verbauwand die Verbauplatten zwischen den Stützen dieser Verbauwand nicht verkanten.So that the shoring plates 4 'and 5' between two supports 1 'or 2' do not tilt when driving or pulling the supports, the four corners of the shoring plates 4 'and 5' are open towards the narrow sides of the shoring plates 4 'and 5' pocket-like housing 58 arranged in which rollers 54 and 55 are mounted. The rollers 54 roll on the side walls 59 of the supports 1, while the corner rollers 55 of the inner sheeting panels 5 'run on the outer sides of the side flanges 56. These corner rollers 54 and 55 prevent the shoring panels between the supports of this shoring wall from tilting during the relative movement of a support of a loaded shoring wall.

Wie die Fig. 6 bis 9 zeigen, weisen die unterhalb und oberhalb des Steifenrahmens 3 in die Ausnehmungen 14 der Führungsschiene 11 einsetzbaren Anschläge 6 und 7 ein Einsatzstück 15 auf, das dem Rechteckquerschnitt der Ausnehmung 14 angepaßt ist. Die Anschläge 6 und 7 sind mit einem um 90° verschwenkbaren Riegel 16 versehen, der über eine das Einsatzstück 15 durchsetzende Welle 17 und einen Hebel 18 in die Öffnungsstellung und Schließstellung schwenkbar ist. Der Hebel 18 ist so gestaltet, daß er den Riegel 16 in Sperrstellung drückt, wenn ein Steifenrahmen gegen den Anschlag 6 oder 7 stößt. Da auf die Anschläge 6 und 7 relativ große Kräfte einwirken können, weist er einen hakenartigen Fortsatz 19 auf mit einem zweiten Einsatzstück 20, das in einer zweiten Ausnehmung 14 der Lochreihe einsetzbar ist. Eine Nase 21 hintergreift dabei die Führungsschiene 11. Der Anschlag 6 oder 7 bzw. der Fortsatz 19 ist mit einem bügelförmigen Handgriff 22 versehen, mit welchem der Anschlag leicht in die Ausnehmung 14 der Führungsschiene 11 einsetzbar ist. Die Fig. 8 und 9 zeigen den Anschlag 6 in verriegelter Stellung.As shown in FIGS. 6 to 9, the stops 6 and 7 which can be inserted below and above the rigid frame 3 into the recesses 14 of the guide rail 11 have an insert 15 which is adapted to the rectangular cross section of the recess 14. The stops 6 and 7 are provided with a lock 16 which can be pivoted through 90 ° and which can be pivoted into the open position and the closed position via a shaft 17 passing through the insert piece 15 and a lever 18. The lever 18 is designed so that it presses the bolt 16 into the locked position when a rigid frame abuts the stop 6 or 7. Since relatively large forces can act on the stops 6 and 7, it has a hook-like extension 19 with a second insert 20 which can be inserted in a second recess 14 in the row of holes. A nose 21 engages behind the guide rail 11. The stop 6 or 7 or the extension 19 is provided with a bow-shaped handle 22 with which the stop can be easily inserted into the recess 14 in the guide rail 11. 8 and 9 show the stop 6 in the locked position.

Claims (20)

  1. A method of lining deep trenches by means of support frames which can be installed in the longitudinal direction of the trench at equal spacings transversely to the trench and which are composed of two parallel supports and a rigid bracer frame which connects the supports and holds them at a spacing and which is displaceable along the supports, and by means of large-area lining plates which at both sides of the trench are vertically displaceably guided and held with their vertical edges in guide channels in the supports of two support frames, and wherein support frames and the lining panels, following excavation of the trench, are pressed or lowered into the trench, characterised in that the bracer frame is displaceably guided on the supports between a lower abutment and an upper abutment, the lower abutment being arranged at the height of the necessary excavator bucket freedom of about 1 to 1.50 m from the support base and the upper abutment being arranged at a spacing from the lower abutment which corresponds to the height of the bracer frame, for example 1.75 mm, and an admissible support advance movement, for example 0.5 m, and that after installation and downward movement of the support frame to a level at which the upper edge of the bracer frame is at the height of the edge of the trench, the upper abutments are removed, a second bracer frame is introduced into the supports of the support frame and the upper abutments are fixed to the supports at a spacing above the second bracer frame, and that after downward movement of the support frame by a further bracer frame height the upper abutments are removed and possibly a third bracer frame is introduced into the supports of the support frame and that for dismantling the support frame the bracer frames are connected together.
  2. A method according to claim 1 characterised in that upon dismantling of the lining arrangement after removal of the lower abutments the trench is filled and the lining plates and the bracer frames, following the trench filling operation, are drawn upwardly and then firstly the upper bracer frames are pulled out of the guide rails, then the lining plates are pulled out of the guide channels, then the lower bracer frame is pulled out and finally after filling of the trench the supports are individually pulled out.
  3. A method according to claim 2 characterised in that sand or gravel is introduced into the support cavity and into the guide channels prior to the operation of pulling the supports.
  4. A method according to claim 1 characterised in that upon dismantling of the lining arrangement the trench is filled and the lining plates, the supports and the bracer frames, following the filling operation, are pulled and after removal of the upper abutments the upper bracer frames are pulled out of the guide rails of the supports and the lining plates are pulled out of the guide channels of the supports and thereafter the upper abutments are disposed above the bracer frame and the support frame is pulled out of the filled trench.
  5. A lining arrangement for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 4 comprising:
    - support frames which can be installed in the longitudinal direction of the trench at equal spacings transversely to the trench and which are composed of two vertical supports (1, 1', 2) and a rigid bracer frame (3) which is vertically displaceably guided transversely to the trench in the supports (1, 1', 2), wherein arranged at the insides (10) of the supports (1, 1', 2), that are towards the trench, are C-shaped guide rails (11) into which parallel rails (12) of the bracer frame (3) are guided in positively locking relationship, and wherein guide channels (8) for lining plates (4, 4') are arranged at both sides facing in the longitudinal direction of the trench,
    - large-area lining plates (4, 4') which are vertically displaceably guided in positively locking relationship in the longitudinal direction of the trench with their vertical edges at right angles to the support frames in the guide channels (8) of the supports (1, 1', 2) of two support frames,
       characterised by the following features:
    a) for each side of the trench there is additionally provided at least one inner lining plate (5, 5') which is vertically displaceably guided in guide channels (8', 9) of the supports (1, 1', 2) of two support frames,
    b) the height of the bracer frames (3) (for sample 1.70 m) is less than one third of the height of a support (1, 1', 2), and
    c) arranged on the guide rails (11) in a row in superposed relationship are a plurality of receiving means (14) for the insertion of abutments (6 and 7) which are to be arranged below and above the bracer frame (3).
  6. A lining arrangement according to claim 5 characterised in that the C-shaped guide rails (11) have a funnel-like enlargement (26) at least at their upper ends.
  7. A lining arrangement according to claim 6 characterised in that arranged at the upper ends of the C-shaped guide rails (11) are guide plates (27, 28) which facilitate insertion of the lateral rails (12) of the bracer frames (3) and which open funnel-like into the guide gap at both sides of the guide rails (11) and in the middle region of the guide rail (11).
  8. A lining arrangement according to one of claims 5, 6 and 7 characterised in that the lateral corners of the rails (12) of the bracer frame (3) are bevelled at the upper and lower ends.
  9. A lining arrangement according to one of claims 5 to 8 characterised in that the receiving means (14) are rectangular openings disposed in the longitudinal centre of the guide rail (11) and the abutments (6, 7) are provided with insertion portions (15), the shape of which corresponds to the shape of the openings (14).
  10. A lining arrangement according to claim 9 characterised in that the abutments (6, 7) are provided with a bolt (16) which is pivotable through 90° and which is pivotable into an open position and a closed position by way of a lever (18) and a shaft (17) which passes through the insertion portion (15).
  11. A lining arrangement according to one of claims 5 to 10 characterised in that the abutment (6 or 7) has a hook-like extension portion (19) which can be inserted into a second opening (14) in the row of holes and which is provided with an insertion portion (20) and a nose (21) to engage behind the opening.
  12. A lining arrangement according to claim 11 characterised in that the abutment (6 or 7) is provided with a loop-like handle (21).
  13. A lining arrangement according to one of claims 5 to 12 characterised in that the bracer frames (3) are of a mirror-image configuration relative to the horizontal centre line and in their four corner regions have eyes (24) for hooking in a chain.
  14. A lining arrangement according to claim 13 characterised by coupling members (25) which engage plug-like into the eyes (24) in the bracer frames (3).
  15. A lining arrangement according to one of claims 5 to 10 characterised in that the bracer frames (3) comprise horizontally and vertically extending box profiles (33, 34).
  16. A lining arrangement according to claim 15 characterised in that the horizontally extending box profiles (33) go into the vertically extending box profiles (34) by way of corner stiffening portions (35).
  17. A lining arrangement according to claim 15 or claim 16 characterised in that the horizontally extending box profiles (33) are releasably connected by way of screw flanges (36) to the vertically extending box profiles (34).
  18. A lining arrangement according to one of claims 15 to 17 characterised in that the lateral rails (12) of the bracer frame (3) form the outside walls of the vertical box profiles (34).
  19. A lining arrangement according to one of claims 5 to 18 characterised in that disposed on the embracing parts of the guide rail (11) are longitudinally extending narrow sliding ribs (31) which come to bear with clearance against the rear side of the rails (12).
  20. A lining arrangement according to one of claims 5 to 19 characterised in that arranged at both sides of the guide rail (11) are relatively wide sliding strips (32) which are fixed to the guide rail (11) or to the rail (12) of the bracer frame (3).
EP91115363A 1990-09-11 1991-09-11 Method and device for the lining of deep trenches Expired - Lifetime EP0475382B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4028832 1990-09-11
DE4028832A DE4028832A1 (en) 1990-09-11 1990-09-11 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONSTRUCTION DEEP GRAVE

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0475382A1 EP0475382A1 (en) 1992-03-18
EP0475382B1 true EP0475382B1 (en) 1994-11-23

Family

ID=6414047

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91115363A Expired - Lifetime EP0475382B1 (en) 1990-09-11 1991-09-11 Method and device for the lining of deep trenches

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0475382B1 (en)
DE (2) DE4028832A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2064846T3 (en)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7972085B2 (en) 2006-04-26 2011-07-05 Wilhelm Hess Method and device for shoring trenches

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DE4230860A1 (en) * 1992-09-15 1994-03-17 Wilhelm Hes Shoring device
DE4322336C2 (en) * 1993-07-05 1996-12-19 Emunds & Staudinger Gmbh & Co Shoring device
AT55U1 (en) * 1993-08-19 1994-12-27 Fritscher Gerhard Fritscher Ge STAY FOR SUPPORTING GUIDE RAILS LOWERED IN A TRENCH FOR BUILDING BOARDS, BUILDING BOARDS OR THE LIKE.
DE4404812A1 (en) * 1994-02-16 1995-08-17 Wilhelm Hes Device for shoring deep trenches
EP0811723B1 (en) * 1996-05-31 2001-01-03 Wilhelm Hess Support for trench shoring device
DE19621826A1 (en) * 1996-05-31 1997-12-04 Emunds & Staudinger Gmbh & Co Stop for a strut of a trench shoring device
DE19625277A1 (en) * 1996-05-31 1997-12-04 Wilhelm Hes Support for trench shoring devices
DE29616986U1 (en) * 1996-09-30 1996-11-28 SBH Tiefbautechnik GmbH, 52525 Heinsberg Guide for shoring panels of a shoring device
DE29703190U1 (en) * 1997-02-22 1997-04-17 SBH Tiefbautechnik GmbH, 52525 Heinsberg Shoring device for shoring deep trenches
DE19711807A1 (en) * 1997-03-20 1998-09-24 Wilhelm Hess Device for shoring deep trenches
EP0866175A1 (en) 1997-03-20 1998-09-23 Wilhelm Hess Shoring apparatus for deep trenches
DE19739920A1 (en) * 1997-09-11 1999-03-18 Wilhelm Hess Method and shoring device for pipe installation
DE102004041116A1 (en) 2004-08-24 2006-03-02 Emunds & Staudinger Gmbh shoring
HUE035033T2 (en) * 2005-03-14 2018-05-02 Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Herbicidal suspension
DE102006019236B4 (en) * 2006-04-26 2008-01-31 Hess, Wilhelm Method and device for trenching
CN116905525B (en) * 2023-09-12 2023-12-29 天津建城基业管桩有限公司 Prestressed hollow pile foundation pit supporting structure

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FR2333901A1 (en) * 1975-12-01 1977-07-01 Koehl Jean MULTI-STAGE TELESCOPIC TRENCH SHIELDING
DE2616348C3 (en) * 1976-04-14 1980-06-04 Lube & Krings Maschinen- Und Stahlbau Ohg, 5120 Herzogenrath Device for trench sheeting
JPS56156323A (en) * 1980-05-07 1981-12-03 Hiroshi Ito Simple soil sheathing work
DE3423853C2 (en) * 1984-06-28 1989-10-12 Krings International Inh. Josef Krings, 5138 Heinsberg Shoring device for trenches
GB8501531D0 (en) * 1985-01-22 1985-02-20 Shorco Trench Systems Ltd Trench shoring equipment
DE3844313A1 (en) * 1988-12-30 1990-07-05 Krings Verbau Gmbh Strut for sheeting panels

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7972085B2 (en) 2006-04-26 2011-07-05 Wilhelm Hess Method and device for shoring trenches

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59103575D1 (en) 1995-01-05
DE4028832A1 (en) 1992-03-12
ES2064846T3 (en) 1995-02-01
EP0475382A1 (en) 1992-03-18

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