WO1998019066A1 - Zündvorrichtung und verfahren zum betreiben einer zündvorrichtung - Google Patents
Zündvorrichtung und verfahren zum betreiben einer zündvorrichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998019066A1 WO1998019066A1 PCT/EP1997/005950 EP9705950W WO9819066A1 WO 1998019066 A1 WO1998019066 A1 WO 1998019066A1 EP 9705950 W EP9705950 W EP 9705950W WO 9819066 A1 WO9819066 A1 WO 9819066A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- circuit
- current
- capacitor
- resonant circuit
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P15/00—Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02P1/00 - F02P13/00 and combined with layout of ignition circuits
- F02P15/10—Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02P1/00 - F02P13/00 and combined with layout of ignition circuits having continuous electric sparks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P17/00—Testing of ignition installations, e.g. in combination with adjusting; Testing of ignition timing in compression-ignition engines
- F02P17/12—Testing characteristics of the spark, ignition voltage or current
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P3/00—Other installations
- F02P3/06—Other installations having capacitive energy storage
- F02P3/08—Layout of circuits
- F02P3/0853—Layout of circuits for control of the dwell or anti-dwell time
- F02P3/0861—Closing the discharge circuit of the storage capacitor with semiconductor devices
- F02P3/0869—Closing the discharge circuit of the storage capacitor with semiconductor devices using digital techniques
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrical ignition device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating an ignition device.
- Such ignition devices are used to ignite fuel / air mixtures in internal combustion engines. Fuel / air mixtures that have a stoichiometric ratio require little ignition energy and burn off safely. However, internal combustion engines are increasingly operated with lean mixtures, which can significantly reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. Such lean fuel / air mixtures require higher ignition energies and a longer ignition spark in order to ensure a safe ignition of the fuel / air mixture.
- Capacitive ignition devices are characterized by a high ignition voltage and a rapid rise in ignition voltage, so that an ignition spark is generated even with non-ideal spark gaps
- the intense spark of a capacitive ignition device is only very short, so that flame-retardant mixtures often cannot be ignited.
- Inductive ignition devices generate a relatively long-lasting ignition spark, but the maximum ignition voltage is considerably lower than with capacitive ignition devices.
- This ignition device has a conventional construction with a primary capacitor serving as a first energy source or energy store, which is arranged in a primary circuit.
- the primary circuit is coupled via a transformer to a secondary circuit in which a spark plug is provided.
- the primary capacitor is charged to a predetermined voltage value by means of a current source and suddenly discharged by means of a trigger device.
- the discharge pulse is coupled into the secondary circuit via the transformer and causes a high voltage pulse to generate a spark at the spark plug or spark gap.
- this ignition device corresponds to one conventional capacitive ignition device.
- a secondary capacitor is connected in series with the spark plug as a second energy source in the secondary circuit.
- This secondary capacitor is charged via the same current source as the primary capacitor or via a further current source, the secondary capacitor then being discharged by the spark generated by the primary capacitor, since the secondary circuit is closed by the formation of a plasma in the spark gap. The arc is kept burning by the second energy source, the secondary capacitor.
- DE 30 33 367 AI shows a circuit for increasing the intensity and duration of the ignition sparks available from an ignition coil, which has a charging capacitor and an ignition coil-containing resonant circuit, which is excited by means of a transistor circuit after the ignition of an ignition spark in such a way that the ignition spark is kept burning.
- the invention has for its object to provide an ignition device that is simple and yet enables an ideal ignition pulse. Furthermore, the invention is based on the object of providing a method for operating an ignition device which both ensures a reliable ignition process and is simple to carry out.
- the object is achieved by a device with the features of claim 1 and a method with the features of claim 12.
- the ignition device according to the invention is designed similarly to the known capacitive ignition devices from a primary and a secondary circuit, which are coupled to one another via a transformer, a capacitor being arranged in the primary circuit.
- the capacitor can be suddenly discharged to generate an ignition spark.
- the capacitor is part of an oscillating circuit, so that the energy not consumed when the ignition spark is generated is reloaded into the capacitor.
- a device for repeated excitation of the resonant circuit is provided, with which the capacitor is preferably supplied with additional energy during “reloading” or “swinging back”.
- the resonant circuit is kept vibrating near its natural frequency, so that an alternating current is fed into the secondary circuit, which receives the ignition spark as an arc when burning.
- the current flowing in the secondary circuit and / or the voltage applied to the secondary circuit is detected and in accordance with the detected current and / or the Detected voltage of the current of the secondary circuit or the amount of energy introduced into the spark gap regulated to a predetermined constant value.
- this ensures reliable ignition of even very lean fuel / air mixtures by the ignition spark that burns for as long as required, and on the other hand prevents the consumption of electrical energy from increasing excessively, as is customary in conventional ignition devices which are also intended to ignite lean mixtures .
- the invention thus allows for the first time to ignite lean-burn engines in an energy-efficient manner.
- FIG. 1 shows the device according to the invention in a schematically simplified circuit diagram
- FIG. 3 schematically shows an ignition process based on the capacitor voltage, a control signal for a switch and an ignition voltage tapped at the spark plug.
- the ignition device according to the invention has a primary circuit 1 and a secondary circuit 2.
- the secondary circuit 2 consists essentially of an ignition line 3, a spark plug 4 and the secondary side of a transformer 5 with its secondary coil 6. Furthermore, conventional interference suppression elements (not shown) are provided in the secondary circuit.
- Z4 denotes a complex resistance in the secondary circuit 2, which represents the total resistance of all elements in the secondary circuit.
- the primary circuit 1 is coupled to the secondary circuit 2 via the transformer 5, which has a primary coil 7 in the primary circuit and the secondary coil 6 in the secondary circuit.
- the transmission ratio from the primary to the secondary side is, for example, approximately 1: 100, so that the voltage on the secondary side is approximately one hundred times greater than that on the primary side.
- the primary coil 7 is part of an oscillating circuit 8, in which a capacitor 10 and a discharge switch 11 are arranged.
- the resonant circuit 8 has two line sections 9a, 9b, each of which connects the capacitor 10 to the primary coil 7.
- One of the two line sections 9a is connected via a supply line 12 to a connection of a current source 13, so that a supply voltage U v is present at line section 9a.
- the other line section 9b is connected via a further supply line 14 to the other connection of the current source 13, a charging switch 15 being arranged in the supply line 14.
- the supply line 14 is connected to ground.
- a diode D1 is arranged in parallel with the charging switch 15 and connects the line section 9b to ground.
- the discharge and charge switches 11, 15 are actuated by a control device 16 by means of control voltages U stll , U st ⁇ s , which, in accordance with a trigger signal and the voltage and / or current states in the ignition device, discharge the capacitor 10 and excite the resonant circuit 8 controls.
- Three measuring resistors R1, R2 and R3 are provided to detect the individual voltage and / or current states.
- the measuring resistor R1 is arranged in the line section 9b of the oscillating circuit 8, specifically in the area between the capacitor 10 and the connection point to the supply line 14.
- the measuring resistor R2 is arranged in the supply line 14 and the measuring resistor R3 in the ignition line 3 in the secondary circuit 2.
- the measuring line 20 is connected to the resonant circuit 8 on the side of the capacitor 10 which is directed towards the voltage supply.
- the measuring line 21 is connected to the resonant circuit 8 in the area between the capacitor 10 and the measuring resistor R1 and the measuring line 22 is connected to the line section between the measuring resistor R1 and R2.
- the measuring line 23 is connected to the side of the measuring resistor R2 connected to ground.
- the measuring line 24 is connected to the secondary circuit 2 or its ignition line 3 in the area between the secondary coil 6 of the transformer 5 and the measuring resistor R3.
- the capacitor voltage U cl is tapped, which represents a measure of the current state of charge of the capacitor 10.
- the measuring lines 21, 22 arranged on both sides of the measuring resistor R1 tap the voltage U R1 applied to the measuring resistor R1 , which represents a measure of the current I p flowing in the resonant circuit 8.
- the measuring lines 22, 23 arranged on both sides of the measuring resistor R2 tap the voltage U R2 applied to the measuring resistor R2, which is a measure of the charging current flowing through the supply line 14.
- the measuring line 24 connected to the secondary circuit 2 taps off the voltage U R3 applied to the measuring resistor R3 with respect to ground, which represents a measure of the current I s flowing in the secondary circuit 2.
- the capacitor 10 is charged with a charging current I by closing the charging switch 15 (FIG. 2a).
- the discharge switch is open, so that the supply voltage U v is present directly at the capacitor 10.
- a supply voltage U v which is positive with respect to ground is indicated.
- the charging switch 15 is opened (FIG. 2b). The capacitor 10 is thus in its state of charge.
- the discharge switch 11 is closed (FIG. 2 c), so that the resonant circuit 8 is closed and the capacitor 10 is discharged. If the charging switch 15 is not yet open, this is also opened, even if the capacitor voltage has not yet reached its predetermined value. By discharging the capacitor 10, a current pulse I P flowing through the primary coil 7 of the transformer is generated. In the resonant circuit shown in Fig. 2c, the current pulse is directed clockwise. It is transmitted through the transformer 5 to the secondary side, the electrical voltage being multiplied, so that a sufficient ignition voltage for the ignition is present at the spark plug 4 or the corresponding spark gap.
- the charging switch 15 is briefly closed during the recharging of the capacitor by the current pulse I p oscillating back due to the natural oscillation behavior of the oscillating circuit 8, so that the capacitor 10 is charged by the charging current I L in addition to the "oscillating charge" from the voltage supply becomes.
- the charge level on the capacitor 10 is increased or the voltage U cl is increased.
- This additional charging of the capacitor 10 via the voltage supply preferably takes place when the current direction reverses with respect to the first discharge process (FIGS. 2c, 2d) (FIGS. 2e, 2f,). Ie that from the point in time at which the capacitor 10 has its maximum electrical charge with opposite polarity with respect to the original or the polarity generated by the charging current, the capacitor 10 can be charged by closing the charging switch 15 from outside the resonant circuit 8, this additional charging is preferably ended at the latest when the current direction reverses again.
- This additional charging of the capacitor 10 can take place with each "back-swing", so that the resonant circuit 8 is continuously kept vibrating.
- An oscillating circuit that continuously oscillates in this way continuously transmits an alternating voltage via the transformer 5, with which a spark ignited at the spark plug 4 is held as an arc to burn.
- the additional charging of the capacitor 10 during the "backward oscillation” is a targeted excitation of the resonant circuit close to its natural frequency.
- the regular excitation by closing the charging switch 15 causes a change in the overall impedance of the resonant circuit, so that the natural frequency changes accordingly.
- the point in time of the excitation is preferably determined on the basis of the capacitor voltage U cl picked up or the measuring voltage U R1 tapped at the measuring resistor R1 .
- the oscillation circuit can also be partially excited outside of this time interval, but here the efficiency is worse than with complete excitation within this time interval.
- FIG. 3 shows an ignition process according to the invention using the capacitor voltage U cl , the control voltage U stl5 for actuating the charging switch 15 and an ignition voltage U x tapped at the spark plug, the individual voltages being plotted over time t.
- striking times are marked with t 0 , t 17 ...
- the capacitor voltage is approximately 300 V.
- the discharge switch 11 is closed, so that the The voltage U cl across the capacitor drops abruptly and the voltage across the spark plug 4 suddenly increases until time t 2 .
- a spark is generated on the spark plug, so that a plasma is built up on the spark gap and the resistance of the spark gap is suddenly reduced.
- the voltage U ⁇ applied to the spark plug 4 drops to a relatively low value. With this relatively low voltage U x , the ignition spark continues to burn as an arc.
- the capacitor voltage U cl has reached its minimum (negative maximum) of approximately -100 V, so that the current direction in the resonant circuit 8 is reversed at this time and the capacitor voltage U cl increases again.
- the time t 4 represents the zero crossing of the capacitor voltage U cl , that is to say that the capacitor voltage U cl is zero at the time t 4 .
- the charging switch 15 is closed, ie a voltage pulse of the control voltage U stl5 is emitted, and the excitation of the resonant circuit is started.
- the point in time for starting the excitation of the resonant circuit or for starting the additional charging process of the capacitor 10 can also be selected earlier, wherein it is preferably only presented until the point in time t 3 at which the current direction in the resonant circuit reverses.
- the capacitor voltage U cl reaches a maximum.
- the current direction in the resonant circuit 8 is reversed again, so that the voltage U cl across the capacitor drops again.
- the charging process is continued here beyond the time t 5 to a time t s in order to introduce a sufficient amount of energy into the resonant circuit 8.
- the capacitor voltage drops to the next minimum at t 7 , with an additional charging process being started at t 8 at the subsequent zero crossing. In principle, this can be repeated any number of times, so that the ignition spark is kept burning as an arc.
- the voltage U : on the secondary side does not correspond exactly to the sinusoidal-like profile fed from the primary side into the secondary side due to the changing plasma and the interference suppression elements.
- the amplitude of the alternating voltage maintained by the excitation is approximately 60-100 V. It is approximately one fourth to one third of the original charging voltage of 300 V.
- the duration of the repetitive pulses of the control voltage U stl5 determines the energy supplied.
- the pulse duration is set to a predetermined value, so that the pulses each have the same amount of energy.
- the control device 16 which is a measure of the current I s in the secondary circuit 2. If the voltage signal is greater than a predetermined threshold value, the pulse duration of the control voltage U stl5 is shortened, whereas the pulse duration is extended if the measured voltage signal is below a predetermined value.
- the energy input introduced into the spark gap is detected to determine the pulse duration, for example by tapping the voltage U R3 and the two voltages U cl and U R1 .
- the sum of the voltages U cl and U R1 essentially corresponds to the voltage applied to the primary coil 7.
- the sum of the voltages U cl and U R1 is multiplied by the transmission factor of the transformer, in order to estimate the voltage applied to the spark gap.
- the voltage applied to the secondary circuit 2 and the current flowing therein are thus known, the energy introduced into the spark gap per pulse and thus the energy flow can be calculated and the pulse duration can be regulated as a function of the energy flow introduced.
- the voltage can be measured by an additional measuring coil known per se, which is arranged between the primary and secondary coils 7, 6.
- the current flowing in the secondary circuit 2 can also be measured indirectly by the voltage drop across the resistor R1.
- the diode D1 arranged in parallel with the charging switch 15 has the effect that the potential of the line section 9b in relation to ground does not become less than approximately -1 volt. This ensures that no larger negative potential builds up on the line section 9b and thus no large potential difference arises between the supply voltage U v and the line section 9b. In this way, the realization of the discharge switch 11 is facilitated by semiconductor elements.
- the secondary side on which the high voltage is applied is very simple, without complex electronic components.
- the energy is fed in with high efficiency because the energy supply is based on the natural frequency of the resonant circuit.
- the spark can theoretically be kept on as an arc for as long as desired.
- the ignition device Since the oscillation circuit is excited as a function of certain measured quantities, such as, for example, the capacitor voltage U cl and the current in the oscillation circuit, the ignition device according to the invention automatically adjusts to changing parameters which influence the natural frequency of the oscillation circuit. Such changes essentially occur due to aging of the components in the secondary circle that affect the primary circuit.
- the design of the ignition device according to the invention is essentially only a modification on the primary side compared to conventional ignition devices, which can be carried out and retrofitted simply and inexpensively.
- the ignition device according to the invention allows monitoring of the energy given off at the spark gap, so that the energy supply can be metered exactly.
- a short spark duration can be selected so that the ignition spark is generated by a single voltage pulse alone, as in conventional capacitive ignition devices.
- the device according to the invention can also be used very advantageously for igniting gas discharge lamps.
- the amount of ignition energy supplied has an influence on the life of such a gas discharge lamp. Repeated misfires lead to rapid aging.
- the ignition energy is regulated in a simple manner to a minimum required for ignition, so that the known disadvantages of conventional ignition devices can be avoided.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002270388A CA2270388A1 (en) | 1996-10-29 | 1997-10-28 | Ignition system and principle of operation |
US09/297,291 US6138653A (en) | 1996-10-29 | 1997-10-28 | Ignition system and principle of operation |
JP52004398A JP2001509230A (ja) | 1996-10-29 | 1997-10-28 | 点火装置及び点火装置を動作するための方法 |
AU69096/98A AU739823B2 (en) | 1996-10-29 | 1997-10-28 | Ignition device and method for operating an ignition device |
EP97948825A EP0935708A1 (de) | 1996-10-29 | 1997-10-28 | Zündvorrichtung und verfahren zum betreiben einer zündvorrichtung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19643785.7 | 1996-10-29 | ||
DE19643785A DE19643785C2 (de) | 1996-10-29 | 1996-10-29 | Elektrische Zündvorrichtung, insbesondere für Brennkraftmaschinen, und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Zündvorrichtung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998019066A1 true WO1998019066A1 (de) | 1998-05-07 |
Family
ID=7809588
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1997/005950 WO1998019066A1 (de) | 1996-10-29 | 1997-10-28 | Zündvorrichtung und verfahren zum betreiben einer zündvorrichtung |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6138653A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0935708A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2001509230A (de) |
AU (1) | AU739823B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2270388A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19643785C2 (de) |
TW (1) | TW358858B (de) |
WO (1) | WO1998019066A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001044655A2 (de) | 1999-12-17 | 2001-06-21 | Fleck Carl M | Steuerbare zündschaltung |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19840765C2 (de) * | 1998-09-07 | 2003-03-06 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verfahren und integrierte Zündeinheit für die Zündung einer Brennkraftmaschine |
DE19852652A1 (de) * | 1998-11-16 | 2000-05-18 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Zündvorrichtung für Hochfrequenz-Zündung |
US6378513B1 (en) * | 1999-07-22 | 2002-04-30 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Multicharge ignition system having secondary current feedback to trigger start of recharge event |
DE10003109A1 (de) * | 2000-01-26 | 2001-08-02 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Folge von Hochspannungszündfunken und Hochspannungszündvorrichtung |
US6701904B2 (en) * | 2001-05-17 | 2004-03-09 | Altronic, Inc. | Capacitive discharge ignition system with extended duration spark |
FR2827916B1 (fr) * | 2001-07-25 | 2003-10-31 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede pour controler les parametres d'allumage d'une bougie d'allumage pour moteur a combustion interne et dispositif d'allumage utilisant un tel procede |
DE10157029A1 (de) * | 2001-11-21 | 2003-06-05 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Hochfrequenzzündung für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
US6805109B2 (en) | 2002-09-18 | 2004-10-19 | Thomas L. Cowan | Igniter circuit with an air gap |
US6647974B1 (en) | 2002-09-18 | 2003-11-18 | Thomas L. Cowan | Igniter circuit with an air gap |
US6951201B2 (en) | 2002-11-01 | 2005-10-04 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Method for reducing pin count of an integrated coil with driver and ionization detection circuit by multiplexing ionization and coil charge current feedback signals |
US20050028786A1 (en) * | 2003-08-05 | 2005-02-10 | Zhu Guoming G. | Ionization detection system architecture to minimize PCM pin count |
FR2895170B1 (fr) * | 2005-12-15 | 2008-03-07 | Renault Sas | Optimisation de la frequence d'excitation d'un resonateur |
FR2897656B1 (fr) * | 2006-02-23 | 2011-05-20 | Renault Sas | Procede et systeme de commande d'une bougie de prechauffage, a alimentation a basse tension electrique, d'un melange air/carburant de moteur diesel |
JP4816319B2 (ja) * | 2006-08-11 | 2011-11-16 | 国産電機株式会社 | コンデンサ放電式エンジン用点火装置 |
US7546836B2 (en) * | 2007-01-26 | 2009-06-16 | Walbro Engine Management, L.L.C. | Ignition module for use with a light-duty internal combustion engine |
US8161942B2 (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2012-04-24 | Shao Xing Fenglong Electrical Machinery Co., Ltd | Ignition control device |
DE102012218705B4 (de) * | 2012-10-15 | 2016-04-28 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Zünden einer Zündkerze eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
CN105102809B (zh) | 2013-04-11 | 2018-02-09 | 株式会社电装 | 点火装置 |
DE102014216024A1 (de) * | 2013-11-14 | 2015-05-21 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Zündsystems und entsprechendes Zündsystem |
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1996
- 1996-10-29 DE DE19643785A patent/DE19643785C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-10-20 TW TW086115419A patent/TW358858B/zh active
- 1997-10-28 EP EP97948825A patent/EP0935708A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-10-28 WO PCT/EP1997/005950 patent/WO1998019066A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-10-28 JP JP52004398A patent/JP2001509230A/ja active Pending
- 1997-10-28 CA CA002270388A patent/CA2270388A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-10-28 US US09/297,291 patent/US6138653A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-10-28 AU AU69096/98A patent/AU739823B2/en not_active Ceased
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DE3033367A1 (de) * | 1980-09-04 | 1982-03-18 | SEAR, System Engineering, Analysis and Research Ltd. & Co KG, 8000 München | Schaltkreis zum steigern von intensitaet und dauer der von einer zuendspule lieferbaren zuendfunken |
EP0281528A1 (de) * | 1987-03-02 | 1988-09-07 | MARELLI AUTRONICA S.p.A. | Zündsystem mit verstellbarer Energie für Brennkraftmaschinen |
EP0371929A1 (de) * | 1988-11-22 | 1990-06-06 | MARELLI AUTRONICA S.p.A. | Zündsystem bei einer inneren Brennkraftmaschine |
EP0555851A2 (de) * | 1992-02-13 | 1993-08-18 | WEBER S.r.l. | Zündsteuervorrichtung für eine elektronische Zündeinrichtung einer Brennkraftmaschine |
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WO2001044655A2 (de) | 1999-12-17 | 2001-06-21 | Fleck Carl M | Steuerbare zündschaltung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0935708A1 (de) | 1999-08-18 |
AU6909698A (en) | 1998-05-22 |
AU739823B2 (en) | 2001-10-18 |
CA2270388A1 (en) | 1998-05-07 |
US6138653A (en) | 2000-10-31 |
DE19643785C2 (de) | 1999-04-22 |
TW358858B (en) | 1999-05-21 |
DE19643785A1 (de) | 1998-04-30 |
JP2001509230A (ja) | 2001-07-10 |
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