Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
  • E04B7/20—Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded
  • E04B7/24—Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded the slabs being collapsible or retractable, e.g. for transport
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
  • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
  • E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
  • E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
  • E03B3/03—Special vessels for collecting or storing rain-water for use in the household, e.g. water-butts
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
  • E04B1/344—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport with hinged parts
  • E04B1/3442—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport with hinged parts folding out from a core cell
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
  • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
  • F24S20/67—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of roof constructions
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
  • F24S2030/10—Special components
  • F24S2030/16—Hinged elements; Pin connections
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
  • Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
  • Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Definitions

• the invention relates to a building according to the precharacte zing portion of Claim 1 with vertical exterior walls and a roof thereabove which comprises at least two panel-like roof parts which can be arranged on opposite sides, a roof ridge of a gable roof being formed in the process.
• PRIOR ART DE-A-24 43 029 describes a building which can be heated by solar energy and has an attic storey with a roof which is arranged thereon and is assigned two roof parts.
• a solar installation is set up on one of the two roof surfaces and serves for converting solar radiation into heat energy.
• the two roof parts have different pitches and can be adjusted with respect to their rest about an axis of rotation which forms a horizontal roof ridge. Depending on the position of the sun, the angle of inclination of the steeper roof surface can be adjusted, in order that solar heat can be utilized even when the sun is low.
• auxiliary surfaces are provided in addition to the roof surfaces, of which the axis of rotation is likewise the roof ridge.
• auxiliary surfaces can be swung out onto the steeper roof surface and swung up in the manner of swing-out roller shutters. These surfaces form an additional surface for absorbing the solar energy, with the result that the energy yield can be improved by this arrangement.
• the roof structure as a whole can be adjusted about an axis of rotation arranged perpendicularly with respect to the roof ridge, in order to achieve favourable solar radiation even if the latter is offset by an angle in the radial direction with respect to the axis of rotation.
• the roof ridge is fixed and remains in position when the roof parts or the auxiliary surfaces are adjusted.
• the adjustability of the auxiliary surfaces is very extensive and requires a wide area.
• DE-C-30 00 684 describes a building with exterior walls and a peaked roof which is designed as a solar roof and is used as a station for absorbing environmental energy.
• the building is formed as a kit from a plurality of subassemblies, comprising energy-storing devices, one storing device being arranged as an underground store beneath the building in the foundations, and a main part which is closed off by exterior walls.
• a roof arrangement with a roof ridge is arranged fixedly on the exterior walls. There is no provision for adjusting the roof arrangement as a whole. As a result of the foundation arrangement with the underground store, there is no provision for transportation.
• top housing part with the exterior walls which can be rotated about an axis perpendicular with respect to the roof ridge, i.e. the building as a whole can be rotated about its own axis in order, correspondingly, to follow the position of the sun.
• DE-U-84 08 137 describes a transportable garage with a peaked roof.
• the peaked roof is removed from the exterior walls of the garage and transported as a separate, compact component.
• the roof parts cannot be adjusted with respect to one another.
• DE-A-37 43 102 describes a prefabricated residential building which comprises three box-like elements, namely a base element, an extension element and a roof element. Each element is in the geometrical form of a rectangular column from which two abutting longitudinal-side walls are missing. The individual elements are connected to one another by hinges.
• the prefabricated residential building is reduced to minimal volume in the same way as a collapsed carton and, in the collapsed state, forms a transportable box.
• the operations of swinging open and unfolding the box allow the base element to be arranged beside the extension element and the roof element to span the two elements, with the result that a complete building can thus be erected.
• the roof element of the building encompasses both the base element and the extension element.
• the roof element thus has a longer side length than the other two elements and, in the collapsed state, is folded about the articulation.
• the two roof parts, which encompass the base element, the roof ridge being formed in the process, enclose an unalterable, rigid right angle and thus form the closed sides of the column.
• the transportation of the housing is simplified considerably by the roof parts being articulated, according to the invention, on the exterior walls.
• the building has the dimensions of a virtually cuboidal or box-like structure, which can be transported more easily than a building with a peaked roof.
• the arrangement according to the invention thus does away with the height of a peaked roof. This facilitates transportation under bridges and results in the building being less sensitive to cross wind during transportation.
• the building can be transported, by a heavy goods vehicle, by ship or by air, so as to be set up directly at the erection site.
• the roof parts assume the form of a rectangle, the narrow sides, which rise towards the roof ridge, running parallel to one another.
• Two pairs of opposite exterior walls form either gable walls of the building or side walls.
• the abutting rectangular roof parts are located essentially normal or parallel to the associated side walls.
• the triangular sides, which form the gable are likewise swung down normal or parallel to the associated exterior walls.
• the roof surfaces assume the form of a triangle or of a parallelogram, of which the roof parts are articulated, according to the invention, on the exterior walls.
• these triangular or parallelogram-shaped roof parts are swung up and supported against one another, and then form the roof ridge.
• the roof forms a pyramid, in which case the roof ridge is reduced to a point.
• the building according to the invention has a horizontal roof ridge which is located above and parallel to the side walls, while triangular roof parts are arranged on the opposite gable sides and articulated on the associated exterior wall.
• the roof parts of the building are preferably fastened or articulated at articulation locations. These are preferably designed at the top ends of the exterior walls by means of articulation elements. Such articulation elements may be hinges or other rotatable articulation parts which allow a roof part to be connected to, and effect swinging action with, the exterior wall. It is possible, in principle, here for the roof parts to be swung outwards or inwards.
• the articulation points of opposite roof parts preferably define a horizontal plane, i.e. the top edges of opposite exterior walls of the building are essentially at the same height around the periphery.
• the horizontal, longitudinal sides of opposite roof parts are located on one horizontal plane.
• the exterior walls form a cuboid or a box which can be moved very easily by hoisting equipment or other transporting means.
• this embodiment of the building has the advantage that it is then possible for a plurality of buildings to be easily stacked one above the other and, if appropriate, one inside the other and to be transported, in a simple and space-saving manner, like one container.
• the horizontal planes of the articulation locations of opposite roof parts are offset vertically with respect to one another, i.e. the top edges of opposite exterior walls are at different heights.
• This also allows the box or cuboid shape of the building according to the invention to be realized advantageously when the roof parts are in the swung-down state.
• the vertical offset can be compensated in the swung-down state of the roof parts by the latter being arranged normal to the exterior walls, with the result that the roof part which is articulated on the higher exterior wall can be swung in the direction of the lower exterior wall and comes to lie on an opposite roof part.
• This embodiment is advantageous for buildings which are erected on a slope or incline.
• the roof parts are preferably designed with four sides, the rectangular shape being preferred since this roof shape is compatible with known roofs. Configuring the roof parts in the form of another four-sided figure is likewise advantageous. Roof parts of different sizes are preferably just swung up with the aid of hoisting equipment or with the aid of a dedicated drive and, in this state, form the roof ridge. It is advantageous if the roof parts of opposite exterior walls have the same dimensions.
• the roof parts of the building may be of diverse designs, in accordance with the applications.
• the intermediate element forms the extension of the articulated exterior wall, and if the opposite roof parts are each articulated through 90° inwards or outwards, then the two roof parts form an essentially horizontal stack in the top region of the exterior walls.
• the height of the stack expediently corresponds to the vertical height of the intermediate element.
• the building forms a box which is closed on all sides, which is favourable for its transportation. If the articulation locations of roof parts and exterior walls, and/or of the intermediate element, are appropriately stable, it is also possible for a plurality of buildings to be stacked one above the other.
• the exterior walls can preferably be transported as individual components. These parts are produced, like wall elements of a prefabricated house, as individual parts with or without articulated roof parts and are transported in this state to the setting-up site of the building and are assembled there to form a complete building. Alternatively, it is also advantageous to transport the building according to the invention in two or more parts if this is necessary, for example, for weight-related or dimension- related reasons.
• corners of the exterior walls or other locations of the building may have load- bearing bars or cables fitted and/or cast into them during the production process, these bars or cables having, for example, a quick-action closure and also remaining in the building for subsequent transporting operations.
• load- bearing bars or cables fitted and/or cast into them during the production process, these bars or cables having, for example, a quick-action closure and also remaining in the building for subsequent transporting operations.
• the exterior walls of the building preferably enclose a spatial unit which can be transported in complete form.
• This spatial unit may then be assigned, as an additional component, to a further, main building, with the result that this main building can be extended in modular form by the building according to the invention.
• This additional component may be, for example, a garage of the main building, which is placed beside this main building once the latter has been erected.
• the main building is preferably a transportable prefabricated house.
• Such prefabricated houses are either produced in individual parts in a factory and transported to a setting-up site or produced as a complete unit, likewise in a factory, and taken to the setting-up site in complete form by a transporting means. Such prefabricated houses may then be combined, and extended in modular form, as required together with the building according to the invention.
• At least one roof part of the building is preferably designed as a solar roof, the solar roof comprising an absorber arrangement for absorbing heat energy contained in the air and in the rain, and also comprising photovoltaic elements for generating solar power.
• the energy and heat requirements of the building are covered to the greatest possible extent by regenerative energy sources.
• Solar roofs usually comprise large-surface-area panels with a translucent, sun-facing surface. A plurality of relatively large solar surfaces are connected together and form a roof part, which is articulated on the corresponding exterior walls of the building.
• utilization of the different energy-storing devices in the building according to the invention can preferably be controlled and coordinated in accordance with requirements.
• the abovedescribed monitoring and control unit is used in a practical way in the spatial unit of the building according to the invention.
• All the supply lines to the building according to the invention may preferably be combined at one location and, in addition to the energy-supply means and the pipeline system for water and waste water, also comprise communication lines, for example for telephone and TV, or other line connections.
• the coupling of all the supply and discharge lines for the building advantageously takes place using quick-action closures, it being possible for the coupling location on the building to be prepared correspondingly during production of said building.
• Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of a building according to the invention.
• Figure 2 shows a section through the building from Figure 1.
• Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a second embodiment of a building according to the invention.
• Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a further embodiment of a building according to the invention, with the roof parts swung down.
• Figure 5 shows a vertical section through the building from Figure 4.
• Figure 6 shows a vertical section through the building from Figure 4, in the case of which the swung-down roof parts are arranged as a stack.
• FIGS 7 and 8 show sectional illustrations of further embodiments of buildings according to the invention.
• Figure 9 shows a vertical section through a further embodiment of a building according to the invention.
• Figure 10 shows a detail X from Figure 9.
• Figure 11 shows a perspective illustration of a further embodiment of a building according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 shows a first perspective illustration of a building 1 according to the invention, with the roof parts 6, 7 swung up, these roof parts being articulated on in each case four exterior walls 2 of the building 1 with the aid of hinges 5.
• the roof 9 has two roof parts 6, 7 which are of the same size and form a front gable 35 and a rear gable 36 of a gable wall.
• the front gable wall 35 and the rear gable wall 36 of the building are articulated on a top region of the exterior walls 2, at articulation locations 15, by hinges 5.
• the building 1 is provided with a panel-like base 12 which rests on a foundation (not illustrated).
• a lateral exterior wall 2 and the front gable wall 35 exhibit openings, which constitute the windows 3 and a door 4. These are introduced into the exterior walls 2 beforehand, during the production of the latter.
• the exterior walls 2 are produced separately as complete components and joined together with the base 12 to form a three-dimensional structure.
• the two roof parts 6, 7 are then articulated at the articulation locations 15 of the opposite side walls 2.
• the triangular gable parts 37, 38 are fitted in the same way on the front gable wall 35 and the rear gable wall 36. These parts are swung up at the setting-up site of the building 1 , with the result that, along with the associated exterior wall 2, they form the gable walls 35, 36 of the building 1.
• the two swung- up gable triangles 37 and 38 and the top edge of the lateral exterior walls 2 thus form the rest for the two swung-up roof parts 6, 7.
• FIG. 3 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the invention, identical parts being provided with identical designations.
• the opposite, individual roof parts, 6, 7 are articulated on the top edge of a front side and rear side of the exterior wall 2.
• the connections of the articulation locations 15 thus form a pivot axis for the roof parts 6, 7.
• the two longitudinal sides 2 form the gable sides of the building 1.
• FIG. 4 A further embodiment of the invention is described with reference to Figures 4 and 5. Parts which are identical to those of the first exemplary embodiment are also provided with identical designations in this example.
• the roof parts 6, 7 are articulated on the longitudinal sides of the building.
• the building 1 is illustrated with the roof parts 6, 7 swung down inwards.
• Fitted on the four top edges of the exterior walls in Figure 4 are fastening locations 11 for hoisting equipment or transporting means, by means of which the cuboidal building 1 can be transported.
• Figure 5 shows a vertical section through the building from Figure 4.
• the roof parts 6, 7 are articulated at the top ends of the exterior walls 2 with the aid of hinges 5 and hang down essentially parallel to the exterior walls 2.
• the building 1 forms a box which is open at the top, the exterior walls 2 forming side parts and the base 12 forming the bottom termination.
• Figure 6 shows an arrangement which is similar to that of Figure 5, but the roof parts 6, 7 are located perpendicularly with respect to their exterior walls 2 and thus essentially form a stack one above the other.
• the building 1 being a box-like structure which is closed off at the top.
• This type of design is particularly weather-proof since, as a result of the roof parts covering the structure and closing it off at the top, a covering which is secured against rain, snow and other types of precipitation is made possible, as is storage of this structure outdoors.
• the thickness of the roof parts 6, 7 stacked one upon the other is compensated by the different heights of the opposite exterior walls 2.
• the articulation locations 15 of opposite exterior walls 2 are thus vertically offset with respect to one another.
• Figures 7 and 8 show sectional illustrations of further exemplary embodiments, here too identical designations being used for parts which are identical to those of the first example.
• one or more intermediate elements 13 are inserted between the exterior walls 2 and the associated roof part 6, 7.
• This intermediate element 13 is articulated on the associated top edge of the exterior wall 2 by means of its first (bottom) end region, in the same way as a roof part 6, 7, and is connected to a roof part by means of its other, opposite (top) end region.
• the intermediate element 13 can be pivoted and adjusted in an angular range of between 0 and 360° in each case.
• the intermediate element 13 forms an extension of the exterior wall, as Figure 7 shows, the intermediate element 13 being articulated only on the right-hand exterior wall 2 in this case.
• This arrangement advantageously allows the individual roof parts 6, 7 to be stacked very well one above the other. As has already been explained in the description relating to Figure 5, this arrangement is particularly weather-proof.
• Figure 8 shows the building 1 in an embodiment in which the two exterior walls 2 are each assigned an intermediate element 13.
• This part is articulated on the exterior walls 2 and on the roof parts 6, 7 in the same manner as has already been described for Figure 7.
• the roof parts 6, 7 are arranged parallel to the exterior walls 2, but the intermediate elements are arranged at right angles both to the exterior walls 2 and to the roof parts 6, 7.
• the intermediate element 13 is articulated perpendicularly with respect to an outer wall 2 and a roof part 6, 7.
• the building has a similar appearance to that from Figure 5.
• the intermediate element 13 advantageously results in the roof parts 6, 7 coming to lie, in this embodiment, parallel to the associated exterior wall. In the abovedescribed embodiment of Figure 5, this can only be achieved by special hinges 5 at the articulation locations 15, otherwise the roof parts 6, 7 would come to lie at an angle with respect to the exterior walls 2, rather than parallel to them.
• Figure 9 shows a vertical section through a further exemplary embodiment of a building according to the invention, here too parts which are identical to those of the previous figures being provided with identical designations.
• the building 1 has exterior walls 2, which enclose a spatial unit 33 over which there is arranged a roof 9 which, according to the invention, is arranged such that it can be swung down.
• the building 1 serves as an energy and supply centre for a main building 34 ( Figure 11).
• This main building 34 may be, for example, a prefabricated house which can be transported in complete form or as a whole.
• Provided in the energy centre are all the arrangements and devices which are required for providing energy and communications in the main building 34.
• the building 1 as an energy and supply centre according to Figure 9 has a connecting point 39 for an external line inlet 27, which comprises a connection to a public power supply line, a pipeline system for water and waste-water lines or communication lines.
• These line inlets 27 are routed to a central controlling and regulating device 26 within the spatial unit 33 of the building 1 and, in accordance with requirements, this device controls the external supply or discharge of external energy, water or waste water if the building's own energy-generating devices cannot cover the requirements.
• Illustrated as energy-generating units in Figure 9 are, for example, a heat pump 28, photovoltaic elements 19 and a solar-heat arrangement 18 with an absorber arrangement 21.
• the building has a rainwater store 25, of which the heat of evaporation can be used, with the interposition of a fan 23, a heat exchanger 24 and an evaporator 22, for generating energy.
• a trench is dug beneath the base 12 of the building 1 , and a line 31 is routed into this trench to an underground store 30 located therein, it being possible for the heat energy of said store 30 likewise to be used for the energy supply of the energy centre.
• this underground store 30 has the function of storing the energy which temporarily cannot be used in the building.
• the underground store 30 can store the energy in liquid, solid or gaseous form.
• the roof arrangement of the energy centre comprises two roof parts 6, 7 of different lengths, the longer roof part 7 being designed as a solar roof 18 which is equipped with additional integrated photovoltaic elements 19. These elements 19 generate some of the power required by the building.
• a fan 23, an evaporator 22 and a heat exchanger 24 as well as a rainwater tank 25.
• the short roof part 6 is articulated, by means of its bottom end, on an intermediate element 13, and the bottom end of said intermediate element is connected to the exterior wall 2 at a further articulation location 15, the intermediate element forming an extension of the exterior wall 2.
• FIG 10 shows a detail X from Figure 9.
• This illustration shows, on an enlarged scale, the design of the roof part 7 as a solar roof 18.
• the roof part 7 On its sun- facing surface, the roof part 7 has concave-mirror-like depressions 44, an absorber arrangement 21 being arranged in the focal point thereof and supplying the solar heat to the heat exchanger 24.
• This absorber unit 21 may be designed either as an individual line 41 or with differently arranged absorber plates 40.
• the entire surface of the roof part 7 is covered on the sun-facing side with a heat- permeable glass covering 42, in which the photovoltaic elements 19 for generating solar power are arranged.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)

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Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=7809919

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (4)

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Citations (10)

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• 1996
  • 1996-10-24 DE DE19644299A patent/DE19644299A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1997
  • 1997-10-23 ZA ZA9709511A patent/ZA979511B/xx unknown
  • 1997-10-24 AU AU68117/98A patent/AU6811798A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1997-10-24 DE DE29723861U patent/DE29723861U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-10-24 WO PCT/EP1997/005879 patent/WO1998017876A1/en active Application Filing

Patent Citations (10)

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