WO1997015519A1 - Dispositif et procede de commande d'un groupe d'ascenseurs - Google Patents
Dispositif et procede de commande d'un groupe d'ascenseurs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997015519A1 WO1997015519A1 PCT/JP1996/003095 JP9603095W WO9715519A1 WO 1997015519 A1 WO1997015519 A1 WO 1997015519A1 JP 9603095 W JP9603095 W JP 9603095W WO 9715519 A1 WO9715519 A1 WO 9715519A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cages
- group control
- elevator group
- data
- basis
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
- B66B1/24—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration
- B66B1/2408—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration where the allocation of a call to an elevator car is of importance, i.e. by means of a supervisory or group controller
- B66B1/2458—For elevator systems with multiple shafts and a single car per shaft
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
- B66B1/24—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration
- B66B1/2408—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration where the allocation of a call to an elevator car is of importance, i.e. by means of a supervisory or group controller
- B66B1/2466—For elevator systems with multiple shafts and multiple cars per shaft
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
- B66B1/24—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration
- B66B1/2408—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration where the allocation of a call to an elevator car is of importance, i.e. by means of a supervisory or group controller
- B66B1/2491—For elevator systems with lateral transfers of cars or cabins between hoistways
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B9/00—Kinds or types of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B9/00—Kinds or types of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
- B66B9/003—Kinds or types of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures for lateral transfer of car or frame, e.g. between vertical hoistways or to/from a parking position
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B2201/00—Aspects of control systems of elevators
- B66B2201/10—Details with respect to the type of call input
- B66B2201/102—Up or down call input
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B2201/00—Aspects of control systems of elevators
- B66B2201/20—Details of the evaluation method for the allocation of a call to an elevator car
- B66B2201/211—Waiting time, i.e. response time
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B2201/00—Aspects of control systems of elevators
- B66B2201/20—Details of the evaluation method for the allocation of a call to an elevator car
- B66B2201/222—Taking into account the number of passengers present in the elevator car to be allocated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B2201/00—Aspects of control systems of elevators
- B66B2201/20—Details of the evaluation method for the allocation of a call to an elevator car
- B66B2201/224—Avoiding potential interference between elevator cars
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B2201/00—Aspects of control systems of elevators
- B66B2201/20—Details of the evaluation method for the allocation of a call to an elevator car
- B66B2201/226—Taking into account the distribution of elevator cars within the elevator system, e.g. to prevent clustering of elevator cars
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B2201/00—Aspects of control systems of elevators
- B66B2201/20—Details of the evaluation method for the allocation of a call to an elevator car
- B66B2201/231—Sequential evaluation of plurality of criteria
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B2201/00—Aspects of control systems of elevators
- B66B2201/20—Details of the evaluation method for the allocation of a call to an elevator car
- B66B2201/233—Periodic re-allocation of call inputs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B2201/00—Aspects of control systems of elevators
- B66B2201/20—Details of the evaluation method for the allocation of a call to an elevator car
- B66B2201/235—Taking into account predicted future events, e.g. predicted future call inputs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B2201/00—Aspects of control systems of elevators
- B66B2201/20—Details of the evaluation method for the allocation of a call to an elevator car
- B66B2201/242—Parking control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B2201/00—Aspects of control systems of elevators
- B66B2201/20—Details of the evaluation method for the allocation of a call to an elevator car
- B66B2201/243—Distribution of elevator cars, e.g. based on expected future need
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Elevator Control (AREA)
- Indicating And Signalling Devices For Elevators (AREA)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP96935422A EP0867397B1 (en) | 1995-10-24 | 1996-10-24 | Elevator group control device and elevator group control method |
DE69620224T DE69620224T2 (de) | 1995-10-24 | 1996-10-24 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur aufzugsgruppensteuerung |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP27518595 | 1995-10-24 | ||
JP7/275185 | 1995-10-24 | ||
JP7/277610 | 1995-10-25 | ||
JP27761095 | 1995-10-25 | ||
JP8/24054 | 1996-02-09 | ||
JP2405496 | 1996-02-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997015519A1 true WO1997015519A1 (fr) | 1997-05-01 |
Family
ID=27284498
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1996/003095 WO1997015519A1 (fr) | 1995-10-24 | 1996-10-24 | Dispositif et procede de commande d'un groupe d'ascenseurs |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5865274A (ja) |
EP (2) | EP1055633B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1117022C (ja) |
DE (2) | DE69632750T2 (ja) |
MY (1) | MY154394A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1997015519A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (61)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TW448125B (en) | 1997-12-26 | 2001-08-01 | Toshiba Corp | Controlling apparatus for double deck elevator |
JP4326618B2 (ja) * | 1999-02-03 | 2009-09-09 | 三菱電機株式会社 | エレベーターの群管理装置 |
JP4505901B2 (ja) | 1999-11-05 | 2010-07-21 | 三菱電機株式会社 | エレベータ制御装置 |
CN1170755C (zh) * | 2000-03-29 | 2004-10-13 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 电梯群管理控制装置 |
JP2003162553A (ja) * | 2001-11-28 | 2003-06-06 | Nec Corp | 建物構造データ検索システム及び方法並びにプログラム |
SG102714A1 (en) * | 2002-05-27 | 2004-03-26 | Inventio Ag | Elevator installation with several self-propelled cars and at least three elevator hoistways situated adjacently |
CN1299964C (zh) * | 2002-05-30 | 2007-02-14 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 电梯群管理控制装置 |
EP1562848B1 (de) * | 2002-11-09 | 2007-01-24 | ThyssenKrupp Elevator AG | Sicherheitseinrichtung für aufzugssystem mit mehreren aufzugskabinen in einem schacht |
US7475757B2 (en) * | 2003-06-23 | 2009-01-13 | Otis Elevator Company | Elevator dispatching with balanced passenger perception of waiting |
US7198136B2 (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2007-04-03 | Otis Elevator Company | Elevator device for a multi-sky-lobby system |
JP2005170597A (ja) * | 2003-12-11 | 2005-06-30 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | エレベータ制御装置及び制御方法 |
WO2006009542A1 (en) * | 2004-06-21 | 2006-01-26 | Otis Elevator Company | Elevator system including multiple cars in a hoistway |
JP2006027902A (ja) * | 2004-07-15 | 2006-02-02 | Inventio Ag | 互いに隣接して配置される少なくとも3つの垂直エレベータ昇降路を有するエレベータ設備およびそのようなエレベータ昇降路の動作方法 |
ES2590554T3 (es) * | 2004-12-16 | 2016-11-22 | Otis Elevator Company | Sistema de elevador con múltiples cabinas en un hueco de ascensor |
ES2386723T3 (es) * | 2004-12-29 | 2012-08-28 | Otis Elevator Company | Compensación en un sistema de ascensor que tiene múltiples cabinas de ascensor dentro de un único hueco de ascensor |
KR100946353B1 (ko) * | 2005-02-04 | 2010-03-08 | 오티스 엘리베이터 컴파니 | 승강로 내의 2 대의 카 중 어느 한 쪽에 부과되는 지연을최소화시키기 위하여 상기 2 대의 카 중 하나의 카에할당되는 호출들 |
ES2373726T3 (es) * | 2005-02-04 | 2012-02-08 | Otis Elevator Company | Avisos indicando que una cabina está esperando a otra cabina en el mismo hueco de ascensor. |
WO2006088456A1 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2006-08-24 | Otis Elevator Company | Collision prevention in hoistway with two elevator cars |
CN100554120C (zh) * | 2005-02-17 | 2009-10-28 | 奥蒂斯电梯公司 | 将轿厢去往底坑或者顶部的运行告知电梯乘客的方法 |
DE112005003475B4 (de) * | 2005-02-25 | 2019-04-18 | Otis Elevator Co. | Aufzugfahrkorb mit einer abgewinkelten Unterzugs-Verseilungsanordnung |
JP4139819B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-23 | 2008-08-27 | 株式会社日立製作所 | エレベータの群管理システム |
JP4567553B2 (ja) * | 2005-08-31 | 2010-10-20 | 株式会社日立製作所 | エレベータの群管理システム及びその制御方法 |
US8020668B2 (en) * | 2006-06-07 | 2011-09-20 | Otis Elevator Company | Operating less than all of multiple cars in a hoistway following communication failure between some or all cars |
EP2032489B1 (en) * | 2006-06-07 | 2018-12-05 | Otis Elevator Company | Multi-car elevator hoistway separation assurance |
SG138530A1 (en) * | 2006-06-19 | 2008-01-28 | Inventio Ag | Lift installation and method of operating a lift installation |
KR101115482B1 (ko) * | 2006-12-22 | 2012-03-05 | 오티스 엘리베이터 컴파니 | 단일 승강로 내에 다수의 차체를 구비한 엘리베이터 시스템 |
KR100898916B1 (ko) * | 2007-04-02 | 2009-05-26 | 최성식 | 엘리베이터 시스템 및 그 제어방법 |
US8151943B2 (en) * | 2007-08-21 | 2012-04-10 | De Groot Pieter J | Method of controlling intelligent destination elevators with selected operation modes |
ES2384695T3 (es) * | 2007-08-28 | 2012-07-11 | Thyssenkrupp Elevator Capital Corporation | Procedimiento y aparato para reducir los tiempos de espera en sistemas de distribución basados en destinos |
EP2238064B1 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2012-03-14 | Otis Elevator Company | Coordination of multiple elevator cars in a hoistway |
RU2484002C2 (ru) * | 2007-12-05 | 2013-06-10 | Отис Элевейтэ Кампэни | Устройство управления движением группы кабин лифта в одной шахте |
WO2010032623A1 (ja) * | 2008-09-19 | 2010-03-25 | 三菱電機株式会社 | エレベーター群管理装置 |
JP2010222074A (ja) * | 2009-03-19 | 2010-10-07 | Toshiba Corp | エレベータ群管理システムおよびその方法 |
US8602168B2 (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2013-12-10 | Inventio Ag | Moving multiple cages between elevator shaft sides |
US9126807B2 (en) | 2010-04-12 | 2015-09-08 | Otis Elevator Company | Elevator dispatch control to avoid passenger confusion |
TWI545076B (zh) * | 2010-08-27 | 2016-08-11 | 陳康明 | 自動電梯機箱呼叫提示 |
US8424650B2 (en) * | 2010-11-17 | 2013-04-23 | Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. | Motion planning for elevator cars moving independently in one elevator shaft |
CN102568189A (zh) * | 2010-12-30 | 2012-07-11 | 深圳富泰宏精密工业有限公司 | 智能交通系统 |
US9365392B2 (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2016-06-14 | Smart Lifts, Llc | System having multiple cabs in an elevator shaft and control method thereof |
JP5848018B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-28 | 2016-01-27 | 東芝エレベータ株式会社 | エレベータ群管理制御装置 |
WO2013140598A1 (ja) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-09-26 | 三菱電機株式会社 | エレベータの制御装置 |
KR101631787B1 (ko) * | 2012-05-01 | 2016-06-17 | 미쓰비시덴키 가부시키가이샤 | 엘리베이터 시스템 |
US20150291389A1 (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2015-10-15 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Elevator display control device |
US9792811B2 (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2017-10-17 | Skidata Ag | Method and system to monitor access rights for a personnel transport system that include at least one defined embarkation area and at least one defined disembarkation area |
CN105939948B (zh) * | 2013-12-05 | 2019-11-05 | 奥的斯电梯公司 | 电梯组中的目的地分配和可变能力 |
US9758347B2 (en) | 2014-12-02 | 2017-09-12 | ThyssenKrupp Elevator AG; ThyssenKrupp AG | Arrangement and method to move at least two elevator cars independently in at least one hoistway |
US9896303B2 (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2018-02-20 | Thyssenkrupp Elevator Corporation | Method for controlling elevator cars |
DE102015102563A1 (de) * | 2015-02-23 | 2016-08-25 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Aufzugsystems mit mehreren Schächten und mehreren Kabinen |
CN107250017B (zh) * | 2015-03-11 | 2019-04-09 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 电梯控制系统 |
US10017354B2 (en) | 2015-07-10 | 2018-07-10 | Otis Elevator Company | Control system for multicar elevator system |
US20170066623A1 (en) * | 2015-09-04 | 2017-03-09 | Otis Elevator Company | Ropeless elevator control system |
AU2016231585B2 (en) | 2015-09-25 | 2018-08-09 | Otis Elevator Company | Elevator component separation assurance system and method of operation |
JP6552743B2 (ja) * | 2016-07-20 | 2019-07-31 | 三菱電機株式会社 | エレベータ群管理制御装置およびエレベータ群管理制御方法 |
CN109689557B (zh) * | 2016-09-13 | 2021-12-03 | 通力股份公司 | 在多轿厢电梯井道系统中管理电梯轿厢 |
CN108861912B (zh) * | 2017-04-12 | 2021-11-26 | 伊萨智能电梯有限公司 | 一种电梯 |
DE102017109727A1 (de) * | 2017-05-05 | 2018-11-08 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Steuerungssystem für eine Aufzugsanlage, Aufzugsanlage und Verfahren zum Steuern einer Aufzugsanlage |
DE102017219744A1 (de) * | 2017-11-07 | 2019-05-09 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Personenfördervorrichtung mit Überwachungseinrichtung |
JP6480040B1 (ja) * | 2018-01-25 | 2019-03-06 | 東芝エレベータ株式会社 | 群管理制御装置および群管理制御方法 |
DE102018213575B4 (de) * | 2018-08-13 | 2020-03-19 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Aufzuganlage mit Vorgabe einer vorbestimmten Fahrtroute sowie Aufzuganlage und Aufzugsteuerung zur Ausführung eines solchen Verfahrens |
DE102018123979A1 (de) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-04-02 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Aufzugsystem |
CN109665386A (zh) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-04-23 | 郑州云海信息技术有限公司 | 一种基于大数据的电梯调度方法及调度系统 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH04338084A (ja) * | 1991-05-14 | 1992-11-25 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 昇降装置 |
JPH05124781A (ja) * | 1991-11-01 | 1993-05-21 | Toshiba Corp | エレベータ |
JPH0680324A (ja) * | 1992-08-31 | 1994-03-22 | Toshiba Corp | 縦横自走式エレベーターの運行制御装置 |
JPH06271274A (ja) * | 1993-03-23 | 1994-09-27 | Nippon Steel Corp | 自動調心形ロール用吊具 |
JPH06298467A (ja) * | 1993-04-13 | 1994-10-25 | Hitachi Ltd | 昇降装置の制御方法 |
JPH06305648A (ja) * | 1993-04-22 | 1994-11-01 | Hitachi Ltd | マルチカー方式エレベーターの運行制御装置 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US1939729A (en) * | 1930-01-29 | 1933-12-19 | Thomas W Cohill | Elevator system |
US3854554A (en) * | 1973-03-12 | 1974-12-17 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Elevator system |
US4793443A (en) * | 1988-03-16 | 1988-12-27 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Dynamic assignment switching in the dispatching of elevator cars |
US4946006A (en) * | 1988-04-13 | 1990-08-07 | T. K. M. Engineering Kabushiki Kaisha | Elevator apparatus with a sectored vertical shaft and a turntable for transfering elevator cages between the individual sectors |
EP0388814B1 (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1995-08-09 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Passenger transport installation |
JP2575526B2 (ja) * | 1990-10-16 | 1997-01-29 | 三菱電機株式会社 | エレベータの群管理装置 |
JPH0815993B2 (ja) * | 1991-04-16 | 1996-02-21 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | 追越し機能付リニアモータ駆動エレベータ |
DE69405907T2 (de) * | 1993-05-05 | 1998-03-19 | Otis Elevator Co | Ansammlungsmessung und -verminderung in einem Aufzugsverteiler mit mehrfachen Termen bei der Objektivitätsfunktion |
US5480006A (en) * | 1993-07-16 | 1996-01-02 | Otis Elevator Company | Elevator downpeak sectoring |
US5419414A (en) * | 1993-11-18 | 1995-05-30 | Sakita; Masami | Elevator system with multiple cars in the same hoistway |
JP3421416B2 (ja) * | 1994-03-18 | 2003-06-30 | 株式会社ワコム | 位置検出装置及びその位置指示器 |
US5655625A (en) * | 1995-11-29 | 1997-08-12 | Otis Elevator Company | Emergency elevator cab commandeering shuttle |
US5773772A (en) * | 1996-06-19 | 1998-06-30 | Otis Elevator Company | Transferring elevator cabs between non-contiguous hoistways |
-
1996
- 1996-10-23 US US08/731,977 patent/US5865274A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-23 MY MYPI96004406A patent/MY154394A/en unknown
- 1996-10-24 DE DE69632750T patent/DE69632750T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-24 DE DE69620224T patent/DE69620224T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-24 EP EP00117250A patent/EP1055633B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-24 WO PCT/JP1996/003095 patent/WO1997015519A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1996-10-24 CN CN96191271A patent/CN1117022C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-24 EP EP96935422A patent/EP0867397B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH04338084A (ja) * | 1991-05-14 | 1992-11-25 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 昇降装置 |
JPH05124781A (ja) * | 1991-11-01 | 1993-05-21 | Toshiba Corp | エレベータ |
JPH0680324A (ja) * | 1992-08-31 | 1994-03-22 | Toshiba Corp | 縦横自走式エレベーターの運行制御装置 |
JPH06271274A (ja) * | 1993-03-23 | 1994-09-27 | Nippon Steel Corp | 自動調心形ロール用吊具 |
JPH06298467A (ja) * | 1993-04-13 | 1994-10-25 | Hitachi Ltd | 昇降装置の制御方法 |
JPH06305648A (ja) * | 1993-04-22 | 1994-11-01 | Hitachi Ltd | マルチカー方式エレベーターの運行制御装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP0867397A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1055633A1 (en) | 2000-11-29 |
US5865274A (en) | 1999-02-02 |
EP0867397A1 (en) | 1998-09-30 |
DE69632750T2 (de) | 2005-07-07 |
EP1055633B1 (en) | 2004-06-16 |
DE69632750D1 (de) | 2004-07-22 |
DE69620224D1 (de) | 2002-05-02 |
CN1117022C (zh) | 2003-08-06 |
MY154394A (en) | 2015-06-15 |
EP0867397A4 (en) | 1999-03-03 |
DE69620224T2 (de) | 2002-10-24 |
CN1191519A (zh) | 1998-08-26 |
EP0867397B1 (en) | 2002-03-27 |
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