WO1995013527A1 - Vorrichtung zur mehrfarbbeleuchtung von präparaten - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur mehrfarbbeleuchtung von präparaten Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995013527A1 WO1995013527A1 PCT/DE1994/001318 DE9401318W WO9513527A1 WO 1995013527 A1 WO1995013527 A1 WO 1995013527A1 DE 9401318 W DE9401318 W DE 9401318W WO 9513527 A1 WO9513527 A1 WO 9513527A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light source
- light
- modulation means
- beam splitter
- modulation
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011045 prefiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005558 fluorometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- OZLGRUXZXMRXGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluo-3 Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O)C(OCCOC=2C(=CC=C(C=2)C2=C3C=C(Cl)C(=O)C=C3OC3=CC(O)=C(Cl)C=C32)N(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O)=C1 OZLGRUXZXMRXGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003851 biochemical process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009131 signaling function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/10—Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N2021/6417—Spectrofluorimetric devices
- G01N2021/6419—Excitation at two or more wavelengths
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for multi-color illumination of specimens in the context of — preferably fluorometric — measurements in which the specimen is successively illuminated with light of different, defined wavelengths, with at least one light source and modulation means.
- the determination of the calcium ion concentration in cells or the change in the calcium ion concentration therefore provides essential insights into biological processes a precisely defined spatial be limited range, namely to individual cells or even only to cell compartments.
- the tissue is usually dyed with a fluorescent dye.
- fluorescent dyes In addition to pH dependencies, many fluorescent dyes also show specific dependencies on other ions. In certain concentration ranges, the absorption or emission properties depend on the surrounding medium. The fluorescence yield can change depending on the concentration or the spectral sensitivity in the absorption or emission can change.
- the concentration-dependent absorption at different wavelengths can be used to determine the ion concentration.
- These dyes have an isosbestic point which corresponds to a wavelength at which the absorption of the dye is almost independent of the ion concentration. This wavelength is used for reference measurements. The actual measurement is carried out at a different wavelength. With “ratio measurement” absolutely calibratable measurements are possible.
- Still other dyes emit concentration-dependent at different wavelengths, so that the absolute ion concentration can be determined by ratio measurements at two different wavelengths.
- the preparation must be illuminated with light of different wavelengths in a rapid sequence lying in the submillisecond range.
- HE ATZBLATT Mercury (high pressure) lamp is a fast rotating filter wheel arranged as a modulation means. Modulation of the illuminating drug
- the known device is problematic in practice, since the filter wheel rotating at high frequency causes vibrations in the entire measuring device. On the one hand, this can lead to a misalignment of the preparation with respect to the measuring device. On the other hand, such vibrations limit the maximum permissible measuring frequency. In addition, there is a dead time each time the filter is changed, during which no measurement can take place.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of designing and developing a device for multi-color illumination of preparations in the context of — preferably fluorometric — measurements such that the light emitted by the light source is modulated without mechanical aids. No mechanically movable parts should therefore be used as modulation means.
- the device according to the invention for multi-color illumination of preparations in the context of — preferably fluorometric — measurements achieves the above object by the features of patent claim 1.
- a device of the type in question is designed in such a way that the modulation means are mechanically fixed and electro- or magneto- act optically.
- ATZBLATT It was first recognized that the movement of parts of a measuring device during the measurement in principle represents an additional influencing factor which affects the measurement result and should therefore be avoided as far as possible. According to the invention, it was then further recognized that the light from a light source can also be modulated in an electro- or magneto-optical manner, the modulation means being able to be mechanically fixed in the device.
- the modulation means of the device according to the invention can either modulate the intensity and / or the frequency of the light source. Which type of modulation is carried out depends essentially on the type of measurement to be carried out with the device according to the invention, but also on how many light sources the device according to the invention comprises.
- a modulation of the wavelength of the light impinging on the preparation can namely also be achieved by switching between light sources which emit light of different frequencies or wavelengths.
- the modulation means are connected upstream of the light source and implemented as a control of the light source.
- the modulation means can be implemented, for example, in the form of an on or off switch, a dimmer and / or a switch between several light sources. It is particularly advantageous if the control of the light source not only includes these pure switching functions, but also determines the chronological sequence and coordination of the switching processes, which can be implemented in a simple manner in the form of computer-controlled modulation means.
- the modulation means can also be arranged in the beam path of the light emitted by the light source.
- the modulation means are arranged in the beam path almost directly behind the light source and then perform essentially the same function as the modulation means upstream of the light source.
- the modulation means are arranged in the beam direction behind a beam splitter which at least spatially separates the light emitted by the light source, i.e. disassembled in two directions.
- the wavelengths of the two partial beams produced in this way can then be defined, for example, by filters arranged in the respective beam paths or also wavelength-selective mirrors.
- the modulation means are advantageously implemented as optical switches, for example in the form of fast liquid crystals or other optically active components.
- the modulation means are computer-controlled so that the switching operations can be coordinated in time.
- Arc lamps in particular mercury (high-pressure) lamps, are suitable as sources of light, in particular for fluorometry, since they produce a relatively small and bright arc.
- flash lamps are also suitable as light sources, such as xenon flash lamps.
- lasers which emit light of different wavelengths can advantageously also be used as the light source.
- at least two light sources are provided, a filter for selecting a specific wavelength range being arranged in the beam paths of the light sources.
- the beam paths of the light sources are combined via deflection means, which can be implemented, for example, in the form of one or more beam splitters, and directed onto the specimen to be examined.
- each light source is preceded by a controllable on and off switch, the on and off switches being controlled in a coordinated manner.
- the on and off switches therefore modulate and coordinate the intensity of each individual light source and thus fade in and out light of a defined wavelength.
- a light source is provided in the device, in the beam path of which a beam splitter is arranged, which splits the light from this light source into partial beams.
- Means for selecting a specific wavelength range are arranged in the beam path of each of these partial beams.
- the partial beams are combined again via deflecting means and directed onto the specimen to be examined.
- the modulation means are realized in the form of controllable electro-optical shutters which are arranged in the beam path of each partial beam.
- the shutter is controlled in a time-coordinated manner so that a partial beam is alternately masked out.
- the measurement results of the device described above can be improved further by pre-filtering the light emitted by the light source, for which purpose a pre-filter is arranged in the beam path.
- a polarizer for linear polarization of the light can also be arranged here.
- the beam egg usually splits the light from the light source into two spatially separated partial beams. It is particularly advantageous if the beam splitter is dichroic, ie the light from the light source is also spectrally split. In this case, the beam splitter serves as a means for selecting a specific wavelength range for each of the two partial beams. However, filters or mirrors with wavelength-selective properties can also be used as means for selecting a specific wavelength range in each partial beam.
- shutters of the above-described advantageous embodiment of a device according to the invention for multi-color illumination of preparations are advantageously controlled in video cycle, i.e. can be switched on or off, in connection with a video camera and a suitable image processing system, successive images with different wavelengths can then be recorded and processed.
- Fig. 1 in a schematic block diagram a microscope
- Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a device according to the invention.
- IT 1 shows a device for multi-color illumination of preparations in the context of preferably fluorometric measurements, in which the preparation is illuminated successively with light of different, defined wavelengths.
- This device is part of a microscope and evaluation arrangement which, in addition to the microscope 1, comprises a detector 2 connected to it, a controller 3 and a computer 4.
- the specimen to be examined is fixed under the microscope 1 and successively illuminated with light of different, defined wavelength.
- the device according to the invention comprises two light sources 5 and 6 and modulation means 13.
- the modulation means are mechanically fixed and have an electro-optical effect.
- Filters 7 and 8 are arranged in the beam paths of the light emitted by the two light sources 5 and 6, with each of which a specific wavelength range can be selected.
- the beam paths of the light sources 5 and 6 are combined with one another by means of deflection means in the form of a beam splitter 9 and directed onto the specimen located under the microscope 1.
- the beam egg 9 can also have color-selective properties, ie it can contribute to the selection of a specific wavelength range.
- the device described here can be expanded by further units, consisting of a light source 10, a filter 11 and a beam splitter 12, which is indicated in the figure by a dashed frame.
- the modulation means 13 serve to modulate the intensities of the light sources 5, 6 and possibly 10.
- the modulation means 13 are connected upstream of the light source and implemented as a control of the light source.
- the lighting intensities of the light sources 5, 6 and possibly 10 are electronically controlled, so that the intensities of the two wavelengths can be adjusted to an optimum value for the preparation to be examined, in order to achieve a good one To achieve signal to noise ratio and on the other hand to keep the light exposure of the preparation as low as possible.
- the rectangular functions shown in the symbol for the modulation means 13 symbolize that the modulation means also cause the light sources 5 and 6 to be switched on and off in a time-coordinated manner, namely alternately.
- the entire system, ie both the modulation means 13 and the measurement electronics, are computer-controlled in the exemplary embodiment shown here.
- arc lamps e.g.
- Mercury (high pressure) lamps or xenon (high pressure) lamps are used, which enable a particularly fast switching. No 100 percent modulation is achieved, but this is not necessary to achieve good measurement results.
- the device shown in FIG. 2 for multi-color illumination of preparations in the context of — preferably fluorometric — measurements, in which the preparation is successively illuminated with light of different, defined wavelengths, comprises only one light source 15.
- the light from light source 15 is passed through a filter 16 prefiltered and linearly polarized using a polarizer 17.
- a dichroic beam splitter 18 spatially and spectrally divides the pre-filtered and linearly polarized light into two partial beams.
- a filter 19 and 20 for selecting a specific wavelength range and a mirror 21 and 22 are arranged in each partial beam.
- the mirrors 21 and 22 serve primarily to deflect the two partial beams; but they can also have wavelength-selective properties.
- the mirrors 21 and 22 feed the two partial beams to a beam splitter 23, which combines the two partial beams and directs them onto the specimen to be examined.
- An electro-optical shutter 24 and 25 is arranged between the mirror 21 and the beam splitter 23 and between the mirror 22 and the beam splitter 23, the shutters being able to be switched on and off electronically arbitrarily, ie at selected times.
- the shutters 24 and 25 represent modulation means which are mechanically fixed within the device and act electro- or also magneto-optically.
- the shutters 24 and 25 represent optical switches which can be implemented, for example, in the form of fast liquid crystals. They are advantageously controlled electronically or by computer.
- An arc lamp or a flash lamp can also be used as the light source in the exemplary embodiment shown here, or advantageously also a laser which, like an argon laser, for example, emits light with two different wavelengths.
- two images taken in succession with different wavelengths can be displayed, for example, as a ratio. This makes it possible, for example in the case of FURA staining, to directly depict the concentration of the Ca ++ ions.
- the device according to the invention for multi-color illumination of preparations is preferably used in fluorometry, but can advantageously also be used in conjunction with other measuring methods and apparatus.
- Reference numerals are preferably used in fluorometry, but can advantageously also be used in conjunction with other measuring methods and apparatus.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP95900609A EP0678193A1 (de) | 1993-11-11 | 1994-11-09 | Vorrichtung zur mehrfarbbeleuchtung von präparaten |
JP7513531A JPH08512137A (ja) | 1993-11-11 | 1994-11-09 | プレパラートの多色照明用装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEP4338531.1 | 1993-11-11 | ||
DE4338531A DE4338531A1 (de) | 1993-11-11 | 1993-11-11 | Vorrichtung zur Mehrfarbbeleuchtung von Präparaten |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1995013527A1 true WO1995013527A1 (de) | 1995-05-18 |
Family
ID=6502362
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1994/001318 WO1995013527A1 (de) | 1993-11-11 | 1994-11-09 | Vorrichtung zur mehrfarbbeleuchtung von präparaten |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0678193A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH08512137A (de) |
DE (1) | DE4338531A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995013527A1 (de) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005022880A1 (de) * | 2005-05-18 | 2006-11-30 | Olympus Soft Imaging Solutions Gmbh | Trennung spektral oder farblich überlagerter Bildbeiträge in einem Mehrfarbbild, insbesondere in transmissionsmikroskopischen Mehrfarbbildern |
US20080198448A1 (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2008-08-21 | Leica Microsystems Cms Gmbh | Fluorescence microscope having an illumination device |
US7764424B2 (en) | 2006-05-15 | 2010-07-27 | Olympus Corporation | Light source apparatus and microscope apparatus |
US20220062540A1 (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2022-03-03 | Norival Caetano | Dilution and drip chamber |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6995841B2 (en) * | 2001-08-28 | 2006-02-07 | Rice University | Pulsed-multiline excitation for color-blind fluorescence detection |
DE10311286A1 (de) | 2003-03-14 | 2004-09-23 | Leica Microsystems Semiconductor Gmbh | Beleuchtungsvorrichtung für ein optisches System |
DE10361943A1 (de) * | 2003-12-24 | 2005-07-21 | Carl Zeiss | Optischer SChalter |
DE102014217413A1 (de) | 2014-09-01 | 2016-03-03 | Gretsch-Unitas GmbH Baubeschläge | Fenster- oder Türenbeschlag |
DE102016200271A1 (de) * | 2016-01-13 | 2017-07-13 | Institut Dr. Foerster Gmbh & Co. Kg | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung und Messung einer Emission |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1980002467A1 (en) * | 1979-04-26 | 1980-11-13 | Commw Scient Ind Res Org | Laser-based image recording system |
EP0492379A1 (de) * | 1990-12-20 | 1992-07-01 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Optischer Multiplexer |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5419263B2 (de) * | 1973-10-17 | 1979-07-13 | ||
DE3609156A1 (de) * | 1984-12-07 | 1987-09-24 | Leipzig Wohn Freizeit | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen messung geringer truebungen |
DE3534990A1 (de) * | 1985-10-01 | 1987-04-02 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Verfahren zur wellenlaengenselektiven messung der in einem optischen uebertragungssystem hervorgerufenen abschwaechung der intensitaet einer optischen strahlung |
JPS62127641A (ja) * | 1985-11-29 | 1987-06-09 | Ando Electric Co Ltd | 光部品測定用光源選択装置 |
DE3604815A1 (de) * | 1986-02-15 | 1987-08-20 | Zeiss Carl Fa | Mikroskopphotometer |
DE3809453A1 (de) * | 1987-04-13 | 1988-11-03 | Kollmorgen Corp | Optische multiplex-vorrichtung und verfahren zu deren anwendung |
DE3901825A1 (de) * | 1989-01-23 | 1990-08-02 | Maihak Ag | Optisches gasanalysegeraet mit elektro-optisch modulierbarem kammfilter |
DE3937905C1 (de) * | 1989-11-15 | 1991-05-23 | Dornier Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen, De | |
DD297240A5 (de) * | 1990-08-14 | 1992-01-02 | Technische Hochschule Leipzig,De | Verfahren zur messtechnischen erfassung des punktualen anstieges von remissions-, reflexions- und transmissionsspektren mittels nur einer led |
DE4126547C2 (de) * | 1991-08-10 | 1993-10-14 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Derivativ-Spektrometer |
-
1993
- 1993-11-11 DE DE4338531A patent/DE4338531A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-11-09 JP JP7513531A patent/JPH08512137A/ja active Pending
- 1994-11-09 WO PCT/DE1994/001318 patent/WO1995013527A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-11-09 EP EP95900609A patent/EP0678193A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1980002467A1 (en) * | 1979-04-26 | 1980-11-13 | Commw Scient Ind Res Org | Laser-based image recording system |
EP0492379A1 (de) * | 1990-12-20 | 1992-07-01 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Optischer Multiplexer |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
G.KRAMER ET AL.: "Saturation spectroscopy with mulitple-frequency excitation", APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, vol. 37, no. 4, 15 August 1980 (1980-08-15), NEW YORK US, pages 354 - 356 * |
R.NOBILING ET AL.: "A microscope fluorimeter using multiple-wavelength excitation for ultrasensitive single-cell emission spectrometry", JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY, vol. 156, no. 2, November 1989 (1989-11-01), LONDON,GB, pages 149 - 161 * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005022880A1 (de) * | 2005-05-18 | 2006-11-30 | Olympus Soft Imaging Solutions Gmbh | Trennung spektral oder farblich überlagerter Bildbeiträge in einem Mehrfarbbild, insbesondere in transmissionsmikroskopischen Mehrfarbbildern |
DE102005022880B4 (de) * | 2005-05-18 | 2010-12-30 | Olympus Soft Imaging Solutions Gmbh | Trennung spektral oder farblich überlagerter Bildbeiträge in einem Mehrfarbbild, insbesondere in transmissionsmikroskopischen Mehrfarbbildern |
US7764424B2 (en) | 2006-05-15 | 2010-07-27 | Olympus Corporation | Light source apparatus and microscope apparatus |
US20080198448A1 (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2008-08-21 | Leica Microsystems Cms Gmbh | Fluorescence microscope having an illumination device |
US8922885B2 (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2014-12-30 | Leica Microsystems Cms Gmbh | Fluorescence microscope having an illumination device |
US20220062540A1 (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2022-03-03 | Norival Caetano | Dilution and drip chamber |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH08512137A (ja) | 1996-12-17 |
DE4338531A1 (de) | 1995-05-18 |
EP0678193A1 (de) | 1995-10-25 |
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