WO1991009715A1 - Procede de fendage de blocs de mineraux stratifies, appareil utilise et produit obtenu par ce procede - Google Patents

Procede de fendage de blocs de mineraux stratifies, appareil utilise et produit obtenu par ce procede Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991009715A1
WO1991009715A1 PCT/SE1990/000849 SE9000849W WO9109715A1 WO 1991009715 A1 WO1991009715 A1 WO 1991009715A1 SE 9000849 W SE9000849 W SE 9000849W WO 9109715 A1 WO9109715 A1 WO 9109715A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
laminae
fluid
mineral block
mineral
block
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1990/000849
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bo Mellgren
Original Assignee
Skifferbolaget Jacobsson & Oscarsson Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Skifferbolaget Jacobsson & Oscarsson Ab filed Critical Skifferbolaget Jacobsson & Oscarsson Ab
Priority to DE69022741T priority Critical patent/DE69022741T2/de
Priority to BR909007944A priority patent/BR9007944A/pt
Priority to EP91901467A priority patent/EP0506770B1/fr
Publication of WO1991009715A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991009715A1/fr
Priority to NO913291A priority patent/NO180369C/no

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/32—Methods and apparatus specially adapted for working materials which can easily be split, e.g. mica, slate, schist
    • B28D1/322—Splitting of the working materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D7/00—Accessories specially adapted for use with machines or devices of the preceding groups
    • B28D7/04—Accessories specially adapted for use with machines or devices of the preceding groups for supporting or holding work or conveying or discharging work

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for cleaving lami ⁇ nated mineral blocks along an interface between two laminas, a device for carrying out the method and a product produced by means of the method.
  • the definition laminated mineral blocks comprises all types of solid minerals composed by a number of laminae or layers. These have been created in the course of the ages in the earth's crust and may be exploited therefrom for different purposes, for instance within the building field.
  • the invention relates more particularly, but accordingly not solely, to cleaving of mineral blocks consisting of slate, especially mica slate and clay slate.
  • the invention will hereinafter by way of example be described in connection with cleaving of mica slate so as to throw light upon the different problems of the present technique of clea ⁇ ving mineral blocks along an interface between two laminae.
  • Mica slate is mined as large blocks, in general in open cut mine, and these blocks are given a size and form being easy to handle by means of for example sawing.
  • the mineral blocks of mica slate are composed by superposed material laminae substan ⁇ tially parallel to each other.
  • the mica slate is very hard, but it may be cleaved along the interfaces between two laminae while generating surfaces being very attractive to the eye. By doing so a surface with small waves is obtained, which is very decorative and gives rise to different kinds of reflexes and visual perceptions in dependence on the light inciding thereon and at which angle the slate surface is observed. This surface is in every day parlance called cleft surface.
  • driven striking tools having wedges for cleaving slate blocks is also known, but it has turned out that these increase the risk of the last mentioned ruptures even more, since the driven striking tools may not be handled with the balancing of forces and the feeling possible when hitting wedges by man power.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the incon ⁇ veniences mentioned above on cleaving laminated mineral blocks along an interface between two laminae by providing a method and a device enabling an efficient cleaving completely acceptable from the working environment point of view while procuring a minimal waste of material and still obtaining the beautiful natural so called cleft surfaces desired. According to the invention this object is obtained by a method and a device according to the appended independent claims 1 and 11.
  • the mineral block is sealed by means of a means substantially impermeable to the fluid along the outer deli ⁇ miting walls of the mineral block at the level of the transi ⁇ tion between the two laminae, whereby the fluid is forced to propagate along the interface between the two laminae and generate the desired crack formation.
  • the fluid consists advantageously of water and it is possible to feed water under a surprisingly low pressure, for instance about 2 bars, and still obtain a cleaving, since the water seeks its way through the mineral block while pressing the two laminae apart.
  • a low pressure for instance about 2 bars
  • a product according to the invention may be obtained by car ⁇ rying out the method according to the invention.
  • Fig 1 is a perspective view illustrating the method utilized until now for cleaving laminated mineral blocks
  • Fig 2 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • Fig 3 is an enlarged, sectional side elevation of a detail of the device according to Fig 1 in the state of function
  • Fig 4 is a perspective view obliquely from above of a detail shown in Fig 3 with the material block arranged in the device made transparent, and
  • Fig 5 is a schematic, sectional side elevation intended to illustrate how a mineral block is cleft according to the invention by the propagation of water between two laminae.
  • Fig 1 it is schematically shown how a mica slate block is cleft or split into scales.
  • the slate block 1 is usually sawn in a direction substantially perpendicular to the extension of the different laminae, so that it gets substantially even delimiting walls.
  • the thickness of such a block 1 is normally about 30 cm and such a block includes a great number of laminae, for instance about 50.
  • Slate scales with a thickness of about 10-40 mm are usually demanded, so that scales consisting of several laminae are to be cleft out of the slate block.
  • only the interfaces along wich it has to be cleft are indicated.
  • the device has a bed 5, which is constituted by mutually spaced rolls 6, which are arranged to support a mineral block 1 to be cleft along the interface between two laminae.
  • the bed 5 is supported through power means 7, in the form of hydraulic cylinders, by a stand 8 resting on the ground.
  • the bed may be lifted and lowered by prolongation and shortering, respec ⁇ tively, of the hydraulic cylinders 7.
  • the device comprises a frame work 9, and on this a second power means 10, also in the form of a hydraulic cylin ⁇ der, is arranged to act between the frame work 9 and a pressure plate 11 arranged at one end of the power means so as to press the plate 11 against the upper side of the mineral block 1 and thereby clamp and fix the block between the pressure plate 11 and the rolls 6 of the bed 5.
  • the mineral block 1 may in this way be hold in a substantially fixed position during the cleaving process.
  • the power means 10 preferably allows a slight movement, of some mm, of the mineral block in the vertical direction by pressing the pressure plate 11 back during the penetration of the fluid in the mineral block 1 and thereby a slight coming apart of the material block portions located on each side of the cleaving surface in question.
  • Two rulers 12 in the form of square beams extending substan ⁇ tially parallel to each other in a horizontal plane are movably arranged on the frame work 9 in the directions towards and away from each other. However, these rulers 12 are not movable in the vertical direction.
  • the movements of the rulers are achieved by third power means 13 acting between the frame work 9 and the ruler in question, and these means are also in the form of hydraulic cylinders.
  • the third power means 13 are preferably commanded in common by one single command.
  • a sealing element in the form of a rubber strip 14 is secured to the surface of each ruler facing the other ruler, i.e. the mineral block 1 (see in particular Fig 4).
  • the rubber strip 14 has here the same width as the ruler 12 in question, but it could be considerably narrower, should a very straight crack propagation be expected, since it is only necessary that it bears on each side of the crack formed. It would be possible to reduce the bearing pressure of the power means 13 if the strip were more narrow.
  • the device has also a plate 15 arranged to be pressed against a delimiting wall of the mineral block being substantially perpendicular to the extension of the rulers.
  • a fourth power means 16 in the form of a hydraulic cylinder is for this reason arranged to act between a part 18 securable through stretching screws 17 with respect to the rest of the frame work and the plate 15.
  • the surface of the plate 15 turned towards the mineral block 1 is provided with a nozzle 19 (see also Fig 4), which consists of a rubber strip 20 extending substantially horizontally and having an aperture.
  • a conduit for fluid under pressure in the form of a water hose 22 is led through the plate 15 and to the aperture 21 of the nozzle 19. The end of the hose is indicated in Fig 3.
  • the assembly for feeding water through the conduit 22 is not shown in the Figures, and this may be constructed in an arbitrary way known per se.
  • the rubber strip 20 is arranged to extend along the entire width of the mineral block all the way to the rubber strips of the two rulers, so that the rubber strips 14 and 20 are able to, except for the opening 21, form a water tight delimiting of the mineral block 1 along three delimiting walls of the mineral block over a surface vertically corresponding to the width of the strips. It may be assured that the rubber strips 14 are tightly connected to the rubber strip 20 by adjustment of the stretching screws 17.
  • a plate 15 with the strip 20 is inserted between the rulers 12, but the rulers 12 could be arranged not to project beyond the end edge of the block and the length of the strip 20 may be increased to an appropriate extent so as to adapt the device to mineral blocks with different widths.
  • a mineral block to be cleft along the interface between two lamina may be at several places so as to split the mineral block into several scales, is firstly cut so that it gets even lateral delimiting walls, in the way shown in Fig 2.
  • This block is then laid down on the bed formed by the rolls 6 and the second power means 10 is actuated to fix the mineral block with respect to the bed 5.
  • the power means 7 are after that actuated so that the bed 5 is vertically moved with respect to the rulers provided with the rubber strips 14 and the nozzle 19.
  • This movement takes place to a position in which a first interface along which is to be cleft lies in a horizontal plane approximately in the middle between the upper and lower edge of the rubber strips 14.
  • the third power means 13 are actuated to bring the rulers 12 towards each other, so that the rubber strips 14 will sealingly bear against the two laminae of the mineral block on each side of the transition therebetween.
  • the fourth power means 16 is after that actuated to press the nozzle 19 into sealing bearing against the mineral block on each side of the same laminae transition. It is possible to provide the mineral block with a small incipient crack 24 at the place intended to be located just opposite to the aperture 21 of the nozzle.
  • Such incipient cracks 24 are illustrated in Fig 3 and assist in initiating the cleaving crack aimed at. All the laminae of the upper scale to be cleft away from the mineral block are shown in this Figure, while for the rest only the boundary layer surfaces along which it is to be cleft are indicated. Water under a comparatively low pressure (experi ⁇ ments have shown that pressures of below 2 bars are sufficient in some cases) is after that fed to the aperture 21. However, higher pressures, such as about 10 bars, may be required for initiating the crack formation. The water penetrates into the incipient crack 24 and is by the rubber strips 20 and 14 prevented from escaping from the mineral block.
  • the water will as a consequence thereof exert forces in the direction sub ⁇ stantially perpendicular to the planes of the two lamina and gradually press the two laminae apart on the propagation of a crack quickly filled by water in the direction towards the end 25 of the mineral block 1 located opposite to the aperture 21. How this takes place is shown in Fig 5. Accordingly, the lever arms will during this pressing apart be very short, since the water continuously fills the crack formed and exerts forces for pressing apart in the region of the crack front existing in every moment. The risk of accidental ruptures is therefor very small. Thanks to the short lever arms it is also possible to cleave the mineral block at a desired place, i.e. also so that the mineral block parts located on each side of the crack formed have considerably different thicknesses.
  • the water supply to the nozzle 19 is interrupted and the power means 16 and 13 are actuated to move the sealing strips away from the mineral block 1, when said crack has propagated along the entire interfacing in question and the cleaving thus has been completed.
  • the power means 7 is after that actuated to move the bed 5 and thereby the mineral block in the vertical direction to a position suitable for carrying out the next cleaving, whereupon the working moments described above are repeated for the realization thereof. It may in this way be started for instance 30 mm from the upper side of the mineral block with a cleavage along the interface between two laminae and the mineral block may thereafter be gradually moved up ⁇ wardly while cleaving thin scales from the lower part of the mineral block until the block consists solely of such thin scales.
  • the block to be cleft by means of the device could of course appear in totally different forms than the one shown in the Figures, and the device will then get the corresponding modi ⁇ fications.
  • the material block has smooth delimiting walls, but this is not completely necessary, but it would also be conceivable to arrange any other type of sealing elements, e.g. any kind of sealing paste sprayable onto and along the mineral block. It would also be conceivable to arrange any other type of means than sealing elements so as to counteract that the fluid escapes out of the mineral block at its outer delimiting walls before the continuous crack is formed.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fendage de blocs de minéraux stratifiés (1). Le long de la ligne de partage entre deux strates du bloc de minéral à fendre, on injecte en un endroit au moins (21) un fluide sous pression afin que celui-ci, en se propageant entre les deux strates, les repousse l'une de l'autre jusqu'à les séparer complètement.
PCT/SE1990/000849 1989-12-22 1990-12-19 Procede de fendage de blocs de mineraux stratifies, appareil utilise et produit obtenu par ce procede WO1991009715A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE69022741T DE69022741T2 (de) 1989-12-22 1990-12-19 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum spalten von laminierten mineralblöcken.
BR909007944A BR9007944A (pt) 1989-12-22 1990-12-19 Processo para clivagem de blocos de mineral laminado,dispositivo para realizar o processo e um produto fabricado por meio do processo
EP91901467A EP0506770B1 (fr) 1989-12-22 1990-12-19 Procede et appareil pour fendage de blocs de mineraux stratifies
NO913291A NO180369C (no) 1989-12-22 1991-08-22 Fremgangsmåte og anordning til splitting av lagdelte mineralblokker

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8904342-6 1989-12-22
SE8904342A SE464068B (sv) 1989-12-22 1989-12-22 Foerfarande foer klyvning av skiktade mineralstycken och anordning foer genomfoerande av foerfarandet

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991009715A1 true WO1991009715A1 (fr) 1991-07-11

Family

ID=20377855

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1990/000849 WO1991009715A1 (fr) 1989-12-22 1990-12-19 Procede de fendage de blocs de mineraux stratifies, appareil utilise et produit obtenu par ce procede

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0506770B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE128400T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU6974391A (fr)
BR (1) BR9007944A (fr)
DE (1) DE69022741T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2080292T3 (fr)
NO (1) NO180369C (fr)
PT (1) PT96309B (fr)
SE (1) SE464068B (fr)
WO (1) WO1991009715A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2256612A (en) * 1991-06-11 1992-12-16 Burlington Slate Limited Splitting of slabs or blocks
FR2790417A1 (fr) * 1999-03-05 2000-09-08 Sovemine Ingenierie Procede et installation de refente de blocs de schiste ardoisier
GB2361893A (en) * 2000-04-20 2001-11-07 Dorstener Maschf Ag Separating porous concrete bodies
FR2855092A1 (fr) * 2003-05-23 2004-11-26 Sovemine Ingenierie Machine a fendre plusieurs modeles d'ardoises avec un seul ciseau
FR2882957A1 (fr) * 2005-03-14 2006-09-15 Sovemine Ingenierie Sarl Procede et machine a fendre les ardoises de differentes dimensions a l'aide d'un ciseau unique
ES2316198A1 (es) * 2003-05-23 2009-04-01 Sovemine Ingenierie Cabeza de impacto de maquina para rajar pizarras.
ITMO20110230A1 (it) * 2011-09-15 2013-03-16 Denver Spa Centro di lavoro a controllo numerico per lavorare materiale lapideo in lastra e/o in blocchi, in particolare marmo e granito

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2882956A1 (fr) * 2005-03-14 2006-09-15 Sovemine Ingenierie Sarl Procede et machine a fendre les ardoises (de differentes dimensions a l'aide d'un ciseau unique)
ES2431892B1 (es) * 2012-05-21 2014-09-10 Siti - B&T Group S.P.A. Aparato de corte para máquinas para cortar bloques de material esquistoso

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1243096A (en) * 1917-02-10 1917-10-16 Lilla P Watson Method and appliance for separating laminated and fibrous minerals.
DE834363C (de) * 1951-02-27 1952-03-20 Zentral Werkstatt Goettingen Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung duenner Glimmerfolien
DE906072C (de) * 1943-01-10 1954-03-08 Aeg Verfahren zum Spalten geschichteter Koerper, insbesondere von Glimmer, und Anordnunghierzu
GB1377597A (en) * 1972-04-26 1974-12-18 Angers Ardoisieres Method and device for cleaving laminated material
DE2606610A1 (de) * 1976-02-19 1977-08-25 Jun German Gresser Schneidvorrichtung zum trennen und bekanten von natur- und kunststeinen o.ae. mittels hochdruckfluessigkeitsstrahl

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1243096A (en) * 1917-02-10 1917-10-16 Lilla P Watson Method and appliance for separating laminated and fibrous minerals.
DE906072C (de) * 1943-01-10 1954-03-08 Aeg Verfahren zum Spalten geschichteter Koerper, insbesondere von Glimmer, und Anordnunghierzu
DE834363C (de) * 1951-02-27 1952-03-20 Zentral Werkstatt Goettingen Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung duenner Glimmerfolien
GB1377597A (en) * 1972-04-26 1974-12-18 Angers Ardoisieres Method and device for cleaving laminated material
DE2606610A1 (de) * 1976-02-19 1977-08-25 Jun German Gresser Schneidvorrichtung zum trennen und bekanten von natur- und kunststeinen o.ae. mittels hochdruckfluessigkeitsstrahl

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2256612A (en) * 1991-06-11 1992-12-16 Burlington Slate Limited Splitting of slabs or blocks
FR2790417A1 (fr) * 1999-03-05 2000-09-08 Sovemine Ingenierie Procede et installation de refente de blocs de schiste ardoisier
GB2361893A (en) * 2000-04-20 2001-11-07 Dorstener Maschf Ag Separating porous concrete bodies
FR2855092A1 (fr) * 2003-05-23 2004-11-26 Sovemine Ingenierie Machine a fendre plusieurs modeles d'ardoises avec un seul ciseau
ES2316198A1 (es) * 2003-05-23 2009-04-01 Sovemine Ingenierie Cabeza de impacto de maquina para rajar pizarras.
FR2882957A1 (fr) * 2005-03-14 2006-09-15 Sovemine Ingenierie Sarl Procede et machine a fendre les ardoises de differentes dimensions a l'aide d'un ciseau unique
ITMO20110230A1 (it) * 2011-09-15 2013-03-16 Denver Spa Centro di lavoro a controllo numerico per lavorare materiale lapideo in lastra e/o in blocchi, in particolare marmo e granito

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6974391A (en) 1991-07-24
ATE128400T1 (de) 1995-10-15
BR9007944A (pt) 1992-10-27
PT96309B (pt) 1998-07-31
PT96309A (pt) 1992-08-31
EP0506770A1 (fr) 1992-10-07
SE464068B (sv) 1991-03-04
NO180369B (no) 1996-12-30
NO913291D0 (no) 1991-08-22
DE69022741D1 (de) 1995-11-02
EP0506770B1 (fr) 1995-09-27
ES2080292T3 (es) 1996-02-01
NO913291L (no) 1991-08-22
DE69022741T2 (de) 1996-05-30
SE8904342A (fr) 1991-03-04
NO180369C (no) 1997-04-09
SE8904342D0 (sv) 1989-12-22

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