Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
  • B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
  • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
  • B23K2101/06—Tubes

Definitions

• the invention relates to a component which has the features of the preamble of claim 1, and a method for producing such a component.
• High-pressure fittings which not only have to withstand high pressure but also have to be resistant to the substances flowing through them, are usually cast bodies.
• the production costs of such castings are very high, especially since the internal machining is complex.
• the processing options must be taken into account when designing the interior, which in many cases precludes optimization from a fluidic point of view. Added to this is the fact that in many cases much greater wall thicknesses must be provided than are necessary to control the pressures that occur in order to enable production at all.
• the invention has for its object to provide a component with at least one preferably elongated cavity, which can be produced inexpensively even with a complicated design of the cavity. This object is achieved by a component with the features of claim 1.
• the longitudinal division of the component has the result that the inside of the individual parts is freely accessible before they are assembled. Therefore, these individual parts and in particular the inner side delimiting the cavity can be designed and, if necessary, processed without any problems. For example, these parts can be forged. This enables a better material quality to be achieved and the parts can also be tempered. If the cavity is a flow channel or flow channels, these can only be designed and optimized according to fluidic aspects. But even if a low weight. Construction is required, this is made considerably easier by the longitudinal division of the component, since then the walls of the component can also be optimally designed. Since, if necessary, the surfaces can be finished before assembling, there is no need for expensive subsequent processing.
• High-temperature soldering in a vacuum or high vacuum can achieve the same strength in the area of the solder joints as that of the material from which the parts are made. Since all soldering points can be produced at the same time, it is not a problem if the component consists of more than two parts. In the case of components made of a CrNi alloy, the required resistance can also be achieved in the area of the solder joint or solder joints by using a CrNi-based solder.
• the component consists of forged parts, then these can be calibrated in the area of their connection surfaces to be soldered to one another. Calibration is also advantageous in the area of the flow channels. As a rule, further processing of these surfaces is then no longer necessary.
• the division points can be chosen according to the requirements. In many cases it will be advantageous if the connecting surfaces lie in a common plane. However, it can also be advantageous to design the connecting surfaces so that they align the parts with one another.
• the cavity which is freely accessible until the individual parts are assembled, makes it possible in a simple manner to introduce components, for example stiffening elements, into the cavity and also to solder them in, if necessary.
• components for example stiffening elements
• Such elements can also be ceramic ones, which can be metalized in the region of their bonding surfaces in the event of soldering.
• the component has at least one flange which is to be connected to a flange of another system part by means of screws
• the flange can be provided with recesses which were produced during the manufacture of the part, for example during forging, around the screws, preferably in The direction of pull is fluid, to take up.
• positioning elements are advantageously provided. This can be, for example, pins which engage in bores that are aligned with one another without play. But you can also use screws or a
• REPLACEMENT LEAF Provide form-fitting positioning elements. Furthermore, it is possible to mold these to the individual parts instead of separate positioning elements, such shapes also being suitable which only result in one-sided engagement.
• clamping elements are provided in a preferred embodiment which exert this load on the individual parts as a result of a preload.
• These clamping elements can be separate elements which are attached to the parts or used in receptacles thereof.
• the clamping elements can also be molded onto the parts.
• the clamping force of the clamping elements is preferably generated by a shrinking process.
• the tensioning elements are preferably designed as positioning elements in order not to require separate positioning elements for this. Furthermore, the clamping elements can also be designed such that they enable a connection to other parts.
• the invention is also based on the object of providing a method for producing the components according to the invention.
• Controlled cooling of the component after the soldering process allows the material forming the individual parts and the soldering point or points to be subjected to heat treatment during cooling.
• the properties of the component can be improved even further by such remuneration.
• the component can be nitrided or carbonitrided. This can be done by introducing a corresponding gas. If the Lötofe ⁇ is designed as an autoclave, plasma nitriding or plasma carbonitriding can also be used.
• the component When the cavity is connected to the environment, the component can also be hardened in the area of its inner surface, which leads to increased rigidity.
• the forged individual parts are calibrated after the forging process, such a low roughness can be achieved in the area of the connecting surfaces and also in the surfaces delimiting a flow channel or several flow channels that further processing is generally not necessary.
• the calibration is advantageously carried out in the warm state of the forgings. It can also be carried out at the same time as the forging is being deburred.
• insert bodies are required, they are placed in a preferred embodiment prior to assembly of the component in this.
• These insert bodies can consist of ceramic material and can be inserted into the forging under pressure while it is still warm. In this way, a tight contact of the ceramic body on the valve housing or the like is obtained without additional effort.
• recesses can be provided, in particular in the area of a flange, into which positioning elements or screws can be inserted. This also reduces the manufacturing effort and also makes it possible to solder such parts to the component.
• FIG. 1 shows a section of a high-pressure reducer along the line I-I of FIG. 2,
• FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the connecting surface and the interior of one part of a housing of a high-pressure valve composed of two such parts;
• FIG. 5 shows a section along the line V - V before FIG. 4,
• FIG. 6 shows a section corresponding to FIG. 5 before the soldering process
• FIG. 7 shows an incompletely shown longitudinal section of a modification of the valve according to FIGS. 4-6
• FIG. 8 shows a schematic end view of an exemplary embodiment with a tensioning element
• REPLACEMENT LEAF 11 shows a cross section corresponding to FIG. 5 of the shaft of another embodiment of a valve
• FIG. 12 shows a side view of a cylindrical exemplary embodiment with molded-on clamping and positioning elements
• 15 is an incompletely illustrated side view of an embodiment with the tensioning and positioning element inserted.
• a reducer made of a CrNi alloy which is intended for installation in a high-pressure line of a chemical or nuclear plant, consists of a tubular middle section 1, to which on the one hand a flange 2 and on the other hand an end section 3 is connected, which in Area of its free, cylindrical end has both an inner diameter reduced compared to the inner diameter of the middle section 1 and an outer diameter reduced compared to the outer diameter of the middle section 1.
• the transition from the smaller to the larger outside diameter in the area of the end section 3 is rounded.
• the transition of the inner diameter from the middle section 1 to the free end of the end section 3 takes place in two
• the two parts 4 can be forged in the same die. Subsequent calibration, which takes place in the same work step with the deburring when the workpiece is warm, results in such a low roughness of the connecting surface 5 and the inner lateral surface 6 that both generally no longer have to be subsequently machined.
• the two parts 4 are placed on top of one another in the region of the connecting surfaces 5 with the interposition of a foil made of CrNi-based solder and are held in that position by means of a positioning bolt inserted at both ends of the reducer between the two parts 4 , in which the two parts 4 are exactly aligned.
• a positioning bolt inserted at both ends of the reducer between the two parts 4 , in which the two parts 4 are exactly aligned.
• the reducer In a vacuum oven, the reducer is heated to the soldering temperature, which is in the range of 1000 ° C. If the weight of one part 4 is not sufficient to allow the gap 7 between the connecting surfaces 5 to approach zero when the solder melts, an additional loading device is required, since the required high strength of the soldered connection can only be achieved when the width of the gap 7 is practically zero when the soldered connection is finished. Thanks to the soldering process in the vacuum furnace, a diffusion of the solder into the material of the two parts 4 occurs, which results in the high strength of the solder connection. Following the soldering process, the reducing piece is cooled in a controlled manner in order to temper the material of the parts 4 and to subject the soldering point to heat treatment, as a result of which it is very tough.
• FIG. 3 Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 3.
• This embodiment is a high-pressure valve, each with a flange 102 as the end section.
• the housing of this valve is composed of two parts 104, which, however, are not identical but are only of identical design in mirror image.
• the connecting surface lying in the longitudinal center plane, in the area of which the two parts 104 are soldered to one another, is designated by 105.
• the two parts 104 are drop-forged. This is followed by calibration and deburring when the workpiece is warm. When calibrating, the flow channels 108 penetrating the housing 101 are finished. When designing the flow channels 108, it is therefore not necessary to take into account an external processing option. Rather, they can be designed exclusively from the point of view of a fluidic optimum.
• the flanges 102 are provided with depressions 109 which are open towards the connecting surface 105 and each half of a stepped hole serve to receive the head of a connecting screw. Since these screws engage in the recesses 109 of both parts 104, they can be used as positioning elements.
• solder foil is inserted between the connection surfaces 105, which shape is adapted to the shape of the connection surface, as in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2. It is a CrNi-based solder because the material from which the parts 104 are made is a CrNi alloy. Both parts 104 are pressed together during the heating in the vacuum furnace by means of a force which is sufficient to close the gap when the solder melts
• REPLACEMENT LEAF to be reduced practically to the value between the connecting surfaces 105. This is followed by heat treatment to cool the materials while cooling.
• the insert body 110 shown with a dash-dotted line in FIG. 3 is a bushing made of a ceramic material, which is inserted into the part 104 under pressure while it is still warm. This results in a tight connection between the insert body 110 and the parts 104 of the housing 101.
• FIGS. 4 to 6 Another exemplary embodiment of the component according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 4 to 6.
• This is a coolable valve for a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine.
• the stem 211 of the valve designated as a whole as 201 contains two interference channels 213 which are separated from one another by a partition wall 212 located in the longitudinal center plane and whose cross-section is mirror-inverted in the exemplary embodiment is.
• These flow channels 213 connect to a hollow ram 215 provided in the valve plate 214.
• This cavity 215 has approximately the configuration of the valve plate 214, which, in conjunction with the relatively small wall thickness of the valve plate, results in excellent heat transfer from the valve plate 214 to a cooling medium filling the cavity 215.
• the partition 212 continues into the cavity 215.
• this end of the partition 212 could have a shape that is more flow-favorable than the shape shown in FIG. 4.
• the manufacture of the valve 201 is relatively simple. It consists of two identical, forged and calibrated halves 204. As shown in FIG. 6, a solder foil 217 is placed between the plane connecting surfaces 205 formed by the wall of the valve stem 211 and the valve plate 214 and by the partition 212, which the Has shape of the connecting surfaces and is of course much thinner than shown in Fig. 6 schematically.
• the two halves of valve 201 are then held together under pressure and soldered to one another in a high vacuum. The width of the initially existing gap between the two parts goes towards the value zero.
• the subsequent cooling process is used to temper the valve 201 and, if necessary, for nitriding.
• the coolant circuit need not be closed within the valve as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4.
• the two flow channels 213 at the free end of the valve stem 211 can also be kept separate and connected to a line system 218 of an external coolant circuit.
• clamping elements 303 are provided in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8. These overlap an edge 304, which extends along the parting plane and protrudes from the outer wall of the surface of the component and widens outward in the form of a dovetail and consists of two mirror images, to parts 301 and
• the two parts 301 and 302 are not only clamped together by the clamping elements 303 in the area of their connecting surfaces, but also aligned with one another in the correct position.
• Clamping and positioning are also obtained when a tensioning and positioning element 305 is used, which, as shown in FIG. 9, as a result of a central constriction forms two mutually pioneering dovetails, each of which is formed into a correspondingly designed recess in the recesses Connect parts 306 and 307, the clamping force being achieved by inserting element 305 into the recesses when heated.
• a clamping and positioning element 308 according to FIG. 10, which is likewise inserted into corresponding recesses in the parts 309 and 310 to be connected to one another, with these recesses forming the parting plane of the component, as in the embodiment according to FIG. 9 are open.
• the element 308 has a constriction on one side, so that the two flat flanks lying here enclose an angle.
• the other side of the element 308 has a flat side surface 311 running perpendicular to the parting plane of the component. With this side surface 311, two adjoining, likewise flat surfaces 312 and 313 each form an obtuse angle.
• the surfaces 312 and 313 extend to one or the other flat flank, which lie on the side of the element 308 which has the constriction.
• connection surfaces 315 can be used for such a component designated as 314 as a whole and 316 of the jacket so that they form the flanks of a wedge.
• the two parts 317 and 318 of the component 314 are then correctly positioned by these connection surfaces in the radial direction.
• a clamping element 319 projecting beyond the parting plane can be formed on the partition of part 317 and engages in a correspondingly formed recess in the partition of part 318.
• the cross section of the element 319 is an incomplete circle, as a result of which a positive connection is also achieved in the direction perpendicular to the parting plane.
• the partition wall of the latter is heated to such an extent that the element 319 can be inserted into the recess. In the subsequent shrinking process, the two parts 317 and 318 are clamped together.
• Molded clamping and positioning elements 320 are also provided in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 12, which is composed of two parts 321 and 322. Both on the side visible in FIG. 12 and on the non-visible side, the connecting surface 323 of the part 321 facing the part 322 has a Z-like step 325 at a distance from the one end surface 324. A step 326 of identical design is provided at a distance from the other end face 327 of the component.
• the tensioning and positioning element 320 which as a result of these steps 325 and 326 has a dovetail profile, engages in a correspondingly designed recess in the part 322.
• the clamping force required for clamping the two parts 321 and 322 together is achieved by heating the part 322 before the part 321 is pushed onto the part 322 transversely to its length and thereby the clamping element 320 on both sides into the assigned one Recess is introduced. During the subsequent cooling, the connecting surfaces between which the solder has previously been introduced are clamped together.
• the component can also be composed of more than two parts. This is of advantage, for example, when it comes to complicated parts. Therefore, the toothed or sprocket 328, which is not fully shown in FIG. 13, is composed of a number of parts corresponding to the number of teeth 329, and a tensioning and positioning element 331 protruding therefrom is formed on each of these parts in the region of the connecting surface 330. which engages in a correspondingly formed recess in the adjacent part.
• a wavy or S-like curved dividing surface 333 is provided for a hollow body, as shown in FIG. 14 for a tubular component 334, not only does the course of the adjoining connecting surfaces in the dividing surface, which is favorable in terms of the strength of the soldered connection, result parts 335 and 336 to be connected.
• the two mutually overlapping material parts 335 'and 336' also cause, by engaging behind on one side, a clamping force which acts in the sense of an approximation of the connecting surfaces to one another.
• the two parts 335 and 336 are positioned in the correct position.
• FIG. 15 shows a tensioning and positioning element 337, which has a cross-sectional contour in the form of the number 8. As with the clamping and positioning elements according to FIGS. 9 and 10, the element 337 becomes two in two
• REPLACEMENT LEAF Partition surface 338 of the component is inserted into open recesses which together result in a contour which corresponds to that of element 337.
• two parts 338 and 339 can not only be positioned relative to one another, but can also be clamped together.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Forging (AREA)

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ID=6335462

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Citations (14)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 1987
  • 1987-09-08 DE DE19873730011 patent/DE3730011A1/de active Granted
• 1989
  • 1989-03-08 WO PCT/DE1989/000145 patent/WO1990010522A1/de unknown

Patent Citations (14)

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