WO1990005818A1 - Method for making integral a mass of material with a functional support, and devices thus obtained - Google Patents

Method for making integral a mass of material with a functional support, and devices thus obtained Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1990005818A1
WO1990005818A1 PCT/FR1989/000589 FR8900589W WO9005818A1 WO 1990005818 A1 WO1990005818 A1 WO 1990005818A1 FR 8900589 W FR8900589 W FR 8900589W WO 9005818 A1 WO9005818 A1 WO 9005818A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
profile
devices according
connection part
support
core
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR1989/000589
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Pierre Trouillet
Jean-Michel Hottier
Robert Marcellier
Alain Rouby
Original Assignee
Centre D'etudes Techniques De L'equipement De L'est
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR8815199A external-priority patent/FR2639056B1/en
Priority claimed from FR8903067A external-priority patent/FR2643927B1/en
Priority claimed from FR8912940A external-priority patent/FR2652600A2/en
Application filed by Centre D'etudes Techniques De L'equipement De L'est filed Critical Centre D'etudes Techniques De L'equipement De L'est
Publication of WO1990005818A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990005818A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
    • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
    • E04B5/29—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated the prefabricated parts of the beams consisting wholly of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
    • E04C3/293—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being steel and concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
    • E04C3/293—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being steel and concrete
    • E04C3/294—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being steel and concrete of concrete combined with a girder-like structure extending laterally outside the element
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
    • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
    • E04B2005/232—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated with special provisions for connecting wooden stiffening ribs or other wooden beam-like formations to the concrete slab
    • E04B2005/235—Wooden stiffening ribs or other wooden beam-like formations having a special form

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of public works and civil engineering, in particular the production of concrete slabs with steel frames, for example for bridges and buildings, and relates to a method of securing a mass of material to a functional support.
  • the invention also relates to devices obtained by implementing this method.
  • Concrete slabs with a steel frame called mixed frames are generally made up of steel beams and reinforcement and concrete, the whole being cased and poured on site.
  • the drawback of such a process lies in the fact that it requires a relatively long time for completion, the construction not being industrialized and being subjected to climatic hazards and to the duration of hardening of the concrete which is of 28 days.
  • the material used for the support profiles is generally not used to the maximum of its possibilities, after installation, the upper part of these profiles, linked to the concrete, being little stressed mechanically, while the lower part of the profile is stretched.
  • the upper part of the profile is only necessary during the short period when the profile must carry the soft concrete, and constitutes a stiffening des ⁇ tined to avoid its spillage or buckling and is used to hold lost formwork.
  • connection systems between the beams or support beams and the edges are generally point components and, therefore, costly.
  • use is often made of short angles with a length of the order of. 3 cm to 30 cm; which are welded to the beams and which - oppose the longitudinal sliding.
  • these angles are drilled and additional longitudinal reinforcements are threaded into the holes, which leads to problems of precision during the execution of the work, as well as difficulties in passing the reinforcements, resulting in significant loss of time.
  • connection between the support profile and the reinforcement of the concrete slab is often ensured by an attached connector, fixed by welding to the support profile. Such an embodiment is relatively expensive, because it requires careful welding of said connectors.
  • the present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks.
  • the invention also relates to devices obtained by application of this method, characterized in that they essentially consist of a concrete slab, the frame of which is connected to support profiles by means of connectors forming an integral part of said sections and embedded in the concrete and in that they are preferably molded in the inverted position.
  • Figure 1 is a partial perspective view and in section of a device obtained by applying the method according to the invention with its formwork
  • Figure 2 is a partial side elevational view in section of an alternative embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 3 is a partial sectional view of a second embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 4 is a view similar to that of Figure 1 showing another alternative embodiment of the connector
  • Figures 5 to 13 show alternative embodiments of support profiles
  • Figure 14 shows another alternative embodiment of a device according to the invention
  • Figure 15 is a side elevational view of an alternative embodiment of a support profile.
  • the method of joining a mass of material to a functional support is characterized in that it essentially consists in realizing a reusable formwork 9 of the upper part of the slab and in mounting, turned upside down, all of the reinforcing elements 1 connected together and to the support profiles 2, the elements d reinforcement 1 being mounted transversely with respect to the profiles 2, in said formwork, the support profiles 2 being maintained so as to essentially present their connection part 3 to the reinforcements 1 in the volume of the formwork 9 to be filled concrete 4.
  • connection between the frame 1 and the profile 2 is formed in the embedded portion of said pro ⁇ yarns 2, which are functionally related to the mass of concrete ⁇ 4 through the armatures 1.
  • the invention also relates to subject of the devices obtained by application of this method, characterized in that they essentially consist of a concrete slab 4, - the frame 1 of which is connected to support profiles 2 by means of connectors 3 forming an integral part of said profiles 2 and embedded in the concrete 4, these devices being preferably molded in the inverted posi ⁇ tion.
  • Such an embodiment of the device makes it possible to obtain a perfectly flat upper face and an arrangement of the frame 1 in the formwork without requiring spacers, said frame 1 being suspended from the profiles 2 by means of the connectors 3 which are embedded in the concrete 4, so that the positioning of said reinforcement can be carried out in a much more precise manner and without the insertion of foreign bodies.
  • Profiles 2, which are generally metal profiles, are intended to be placed on linear or point supports constituting bridges, floors or other walls, and are most often in the form of elements of a few meters or a few tens of meters long associated, individually or in number, with a concrete slab 4 a few meters wide.
  • Each support profile 2 comprises a connection part 3 in one piece with the profile 2 and provided, at regular intervals, with cutouts 5 intended to cooperate with the reinforcing elements 1 for the purpose of housing and / or the fixing of the latter, while assu ⁇ rant the triangulation of the profile 2 between the sole of said profile 2 and the concrete slab 4.
  • cutouts 5 thus realize the positioning and 1 'spacing of reinforcing elements 1 in two or three dimensions.
  • the embodiment of the profiled support 2 and of its connection part 3 in a single piece makes it possible to eliminate the subsequent welding operations of part 3 on part 2.
  • connection part 3 makes it possible to reduce the various mechanical flexion and shear stresses of the reinforcing elements 1, which oppose the displacement of the mass of material formed by the concrete 4, by means of said connection part 3, on the support profiles 2.
  • all of the internal and / or external ultra-dimensional forces exerted on a slab and due, in particular, to slipping, to lifting and the wrenching can be resumed.
  • connection part 3 embedded in the concrete slab 4 participates, in fact, usefully in the flexural resistance of the support profile 2, which can therefore be undersized with respect to its di - original measurement.
  • the connecting part 3 has a constant section and extends in a rectilinear manner on the support profile 2 and its cutouts. 5 are in the form of opposite hooks cooperating at their bottom with the reinforcing elements 1 freely placed in said hooks.
  • the reinforcing elements 1 can easily be placed in the cut-outs 5 of the connection parts 3 of the profiles ' 2 after the latter have been placed in the inverted position ' above the formwork, by simple engagement in the opposite hooks forming said cutouts 5, said hooks maintaining the ar ⁇ mature elements 1 against falling into said formwork.
  • FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the support profile 2, 'formed in the form of a T-shaped, with which the core is provided, at regular intervals.
  • This embodiment allows a substantial reduction of the profile 2 due to the cutouts 5 and the installation of flat reinforcing elements 7 using precise multidirectional forces or even round reinforcing elements, of which only a part is intended for connection, the others being intended only for the transverse reinforcement of the concrete slab.
  • the rounded ends of the corners make it possible to eliminate the incipient fractures.
  • a profiled element 2 with the connection part 3, according to FIG. 2 can easily be produced by cutting an I or H profile at its core, the symmetry of the cuts 5 making it possible to obtain two profiles 2 at the end of the cut.
  • the notches 6, provided at the corner ends of the decou ⁇ pes 5 of the connection part of the profile according to fig 2 cooperate with a flexible frame, the edges of which are inserted in said notches 6.
  • the flexible reinforcement is fixed with pre-stress on the connection part 3, so that its maintenance during the pouring of the concrete into the formwork is ensured.
  • several notches 6 can be provided at the ends of the corners of the cutouts 5, it is possible to fix with offset the reinforcing elements 1 or 7 in said notches, so as to achieve transverse prestressing desdi ⁇ your reinforcement relative to the profiles 2, which results in their automatic maintenance during the formwork and pouring of the concrete.
  • connection part 3 is constituted by a non-linear point element 8, preferably in the form of a molded part of revolution or in the form of a cut part.
  • connection part 3 is constituted by a non-linear point element 8, preferably in the form of a molded part of revolution or in the form of a cut part.
  • Such elements 12 can easily be mounted on the appendages 10, for example by simple screwing.
  • FIG. 4 represents another alternative embodiment of the invention, in which the sections 13 of the connection part 3 of the support profile 2 taken between the cutouts 5 are oriented alternately in opposite directions by folding relative to their original position and possibly with a twist.
  • these projecting sections can oppose the penetration effects due to the sliding and lifting of a concrete slab 4 relative to the support profiles 2, possibly without the addition of other elements foreign to the profiles 2, in particular of reinforcing elements 1.
  • FIG. 5 represents another alternative embodiment of the invention, in which the connection part 3 is in the form of a flat iron provided with cutouts 5 ′ with a housing reservation and the maintenance of an element d frame 1 and mounted on a profiled element 2 with an I or H section.
  • the profiled element 2 is advantageously an element of commerce and the connection part 3 can also be made from a commercially available flat iron, possibly a large flat iron cut symmetrically to obtain two connection parts 3.
  • FIG. 5 represents another alternative embodiment of the invention, in which the connection part 3 is in the form of a flat iron provided with cutouts 5 ′ with a housing reservation and the maintenance of an element d frame 1 and mounted on a profiled element 2 with an I or H section.
  • the profiled element 2 is advantageously an element of commerce and the connection part 3 can also be made from a commercially available flat iron, possibly a large flat iron cut symmetrically to obtain two connection parts 3.
  • FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment of the profile according to Figure 2, in which this last and its connection part 3 are advantageously obtained, either by cutting teeth 14 in the core of a T-profile, or else by symmetrical cutting of an I or H profile with a very high core or a reconstituted profile, welded, consisting of a sole and a core, the core also being able to be advantageously waved.
  • this last and its connection part 3 are advantageously obtained, either by cutting teeth 14 in the core of a T-profile, or else by symmetrical cutting of an I or H profile with a very high core or a reconstituted profile, welded, consisting of a sole and a core, the core also being able to be advantageously waved.
  • FIG. 7 represents a variant embodiment of the profile according to FIG. 5, in which the connection element 3 is produced directly in one of the wings of an I or H profile, by making cutouts in the opposite edges of said wing, which is embedded in the mass of concrete of the slab.
  • the wing of the I or H profile provided with cutouts advantageously forms the connector for connecting the profile 2 with the concrete mass of the slab.
  • Another variant is possible by making arron ⁇ dies cuts avoiding the incipient fractures and ensuring progressive dif ⁇ fusions of the stresses.
  • FIG. 8 represents an alternative embodiment of the profiles according to FIGS. 4 and 6, - in which the teeth 14, obtained by cutting the core of a T-shaped section or by symmetrical cutting of the core of a I-shaped or H-shaped, are oriented alternately by folding on one side and the other of said core.
  • This embodiment allows the same effect to be obtained as the profile shown in FIG. 4.
  • connection part 3 in the form of a profiled angle 15 welded on the field of the core. a T-shaped support, by its corner edge.
  • connection part 3 directly forms a form connection with the surrounding mass of concrete.
  • FIG. 10 represents a variant embodiment of the connection part 3 according to FIG. 9, - in which the profiled angle 15 is replaced by a helical element 16 cooperating with transverse holes 17 made in the core of the profiled element 2, near its free edge.
  • a helical element 16 can easily be put into place in the holes 17, by simple screwing, and can be used simultaneously for main ⁇ tien of reinforcing elements passing through its turns, possibly obliquely.
  • Figures 11 and 12 of the accompanying drawings reconstru ⁇ feel other alternative embodiments of the connection part 3 of the profile according to Figure 10.
  • Figure 11 shows a connection part 3 consisting of oblong holes 18 arranged at intervals regular near the free end of the core of a T-profile or an I-or H-profile cut symmetrically and extending parallel to this free edge or obliquely to the latter, the holes 18 of this connection part 3 cooperating with armatures 19 of corresponding section threaded into said holes 18.
  • Such an embodiment makes it possible to obtain the same effects as those obtained with the profile according to FIG. 2.
  • the profiled support 2 has a core cut out so as to form appendages 20 having at least one latching part 21, these appendages 20 cooperating with transverse connection clips 22 having a cross section corresponding to the section of the appendices 20.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to fix the clips 22 on the profiled supports 2 and to ensure their maintenance during the formwork and the pouring of the concrete, while immobilizing the transverse reinforcements in mortises 23, the clips 22 abutting on the opposite side against a tenon 24.
  • FIG. 13 shows an alternate embodiment 'tion of the invention, wherein the portion of connec- tion 3 presents a variable section and discontinuous over the length of the mounting rail 2.
  • a section can be obtained by deformation, hot or cold, at regular or non-regular intervals, of the core of a profile, by rolling or forging.
  • the web of the profile 2 has a reduced height au ⁇ torisant the passage of the transverse reinforcement and support more and a thickness "corresponding to the significant deformation of the material, eg in the form of 'a bead 25 forming a connector for the concrete mass of the slab.
  • connection part 3 can also be constituted by a twisted flat iron fixed by welding on another flat iron forming the support profile.
  • FIG. 14 shows a variant embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which the ends of the support profile 2 are embedded in a drop 26 of the concrete slab 4, which is further provided in at least one longitudinal edge, of a groove 27 for housing a piece 28 for taking up the cutting forces intended to cooperate with a corresponding rai ⁇ nure of the neighboring slab.
  • This embodiment makes it possible, on the one hand, by predicting the embedding of the ends of the profiled supports 2, to improve the connection between the slab and said profiles and to carry out prestressing of the latter.
  • the support profiles 2 may advantageously have a bend along their longitudinal axis.
  • Such bending can easily, due to the very constitution of the profiled supports 2 in accordance with the invention, be carried out on site in a natural manner, by simple arrangement of their ends on supports, due to the low inertia of said sections 2 obtained by cutting, unlike conventional beams with an I or H section which require bending in the factory, possibly hot. Bending of conforming profiles. to the invention can therefore be carried out in a particularly economical manner. Due to the molding of the devices in accordance with the invention in such an inverted position, such bending makes it possible to produce devices or slabs on flat, convex, concave, curved, left, etc. surfaces. ., in order to obtain a prestress of said slabs along one or more preferential axes.
  • the support profiles 2 and the reinforcements can advantageously be interconnected on a preparation device annexed to the formwork and be placed in the latter, before or after pouring the concrete, by sinking or by vibration.
  • the junction between the various elements to be introduced into the concrete is carried out by clips or by ligatures.
  • connection part 3 of the profiled supports 2 and / or the reinforcing elements 1, 7 or 19 can advantageously be made of a magnetic or magnetized material.
  • connection between said sections and armatu ⁇ res can be ensured in any position of the latter relative to the formwork, without risking their fall into it. last when pouring concrete.
  • the device according to the invention is advantageously constituted by a mass of material in the form of concrete and a functional support formed by profiled supports, preferably made of steel, connected to reinforcements also made of steel, embedded in the mass of material , by means of a connection part also made of steel and embedded in the mass of material.
  • the mass of material could also consist of synthetic concrete cooperating with support elements and reinforcements of synthetic material or metal.
  • connection part can easily be adapted over the entire length of the corresponding profile in order to respond exactly to the local stresses which this connection part must balance, for example by variation along the profile, as a function of the distribution. of effort.
  • this geometry can also be constant for reasons of standardization, simplification of the calculations and implementation.
  • the spacing between the profiles 2 is adjustable, as is the distance between the profiles 2 and the bottom of the formwork and the thickness of the device or slab obte ⁇ naked.
  • Two successive sections 2 delimit between them a space in which the thickness of the device or slab can be the same or different from that of neighboring spaces by using the rheological characteristics of the fresh concrete and the pressure drop that the es free space between profile 2 and the bottom of the mold.
  • the device thus obtained can, therefore, have exactly and rationally the mechanical characteristics necessary for absorbing the forces caused by external and internal actions, so as not to exceed the admissible values of each material.
  • the external face of the device can advantageously be provided with a covering in ceramic tiles, in concrete slabs, in road carpets or in another floor covering.
  • a covering in ceramic tiles, in concrete slabs, in road carpets or in another floor covering can fulfill the functions of formwork, wearing layer, layer of thermal or sound insulation or sealing " or cleanliness or decorative layer.
  • the invention also relates to a process for turning over this device, characterized in that it consists in lifting this device by one or more profiles from its central zone and, after passing vertically hold it by the profiles of its end zones.
  • Such an inversion mode makes it possible to guarantee, during the whole operation, the maintenance of the compression in the part of the device forming the concrete slab.
  • the device according to the invention can be used, after the concrete has hardened, for the production of bridge decks, industrial floors or buildings, vertical structures, such as curtain walls, facades or noise barriers, or also roofing elements, or else for making pavements by laying a succession of adjacent devices on sleepers or directly on a form layer by partial or total support of the profiles 2.
  • the lightness of the device which can be obtained thanks to the invention, makes it possible to envisage, in particular in the case of the building, the production of elements of several square meters of surface which can easily be handled.
  • mixed construction frees up a space between the ground and the concrete which can be used for the passage of networks, facilitating their installation, repair and replacement, and as a water reservoir structure facilitating drainage.
  • the invention it is possible to make prefabricated devices which can be used in particular in the field of public works and building, which can be quickly executed in the factory, completely independently of the conditions. atmospheric, and of irreproachable quality, the functional surface, namely that forming or supporting the wearing course, having a perfect surface finish, while the opposite surface, namely that forming the lower surface of the slab, remaining gross of casting.
  • these devices can be produced repeatedly, so that their cost price can be considerably reduced, and, due to their total prefabrication, they can be transported, fully equipped with their superstructures, to the site where intervention time can also be significant- reduced, limiting discomfort to users and providing significant economic returns.
  • the devices according to the invention make it possible to significantly reduce the quantity of steel in the beams, of the order of 15% to 20%, as well as to reduce the surfaces to be treated of these latter. on the order of 30% to 40%, which reduces maintenance costs by the same amount, while allowing, through both the longitudinal and transverse reservations obtained, the passage of the networks.
  • the production method according to the invention makes it possible, owing to the very constitution of the connection part, to eliminate any prior bending of the support profiles in the factory, which also results in a reduction in the cost of these profiles.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment described and shown in the appended drawings. Modifications are possible, especially from the perspective of the constitution of various elements or by substituting technical equivalents, 'without departing from the scope of the invention.

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Abstract

The method comprises substantially the forming of a reusable formwork (9) of the upper part of the slab and the mounting, upside down, of the assembly of truss elements (1) connected between each other and to the support sections (2), the truss elements (1) being mounted transversally with respect to the sections (2), within said formwork, the support sections (2) being maintained so as to present substantially their connection part (3) to the truss elements (1) in the formwork volume (9) to be filled with concrete (4).

Description

Procédé de solidarisation d'une masse de matière à un support fonctionnel et dispositifs ainsi obtenus Method for securing a mass of material to a functional support and devices thus obtained
La présente invention concerne le domaine des travaux publics et du génie civil, en particulier de la réalisation de dalles en béton à ossature en acier, par exemple pour des ponts et des bâtiments, et a pour objet un procédé de solidarisation d'une masse de matière à un support fonctionnel.The present invention relates to the field of public works and civil engineering, in particular the production of concrete slabs with steel frames, for example for bridges and buildings, and relates to a method of securing a mass of material to a functional support.
. L'invention a également pour objet des disposi¬ tifs obtenus par mise en oeuvre de ce procédé.. The invention also relates to devices obtained by implementing this method.
Les dalles en béton à ossature en acier appe- lées ossatures mixtes sont généralement constituées par des poutrelles et des armatures en acier et par du béton, l'ensemble étant coffré et coulé sur place. L'inconvé¬ nient d'un tel procédé réside dans le fait qu'il nécessi¬ te un temps de réalisation relativement important, la construction n'étant pas industrialisée et étant soumise aux aléas climatiques et à la durée de durcissement du béton qui est de 28 jours.Concrete slabs with a steel frame called mixed frames are generally made up of steel beams and reinforcement and concrete, the whole being cased and poured on site. The drawback of such a process lies in the fact that it requires a relatively long time for completion, the construction not being industrialized and being subjected to climatic hazards and to the duration of hardening of the concrete which is of 28 days.
En outre, le matériau utilisé pour les profilés de support n'est généralement pas utilisé au maximum de ses possibilités, après installation, la partie supérieu¬ re de ces profilés, liée au béton, étant peu sollicitée mécaniquement, tandis que la partie inférieure du profilé est tendue. La partie supérieure du profilé est unique¬ ment nécessaire pendant la courte période où le profilé doit porter le béton mou, et constitue un raidissage des¬ tiné à éviter son déversement ou flambement et sert à re¬ tenir les coffrages perdus.In addition, the material used for the support profiles is generally not used to the maximum of its possibilities, after installation, the upper part of these profiles, linked to the concrete, being little stressed mechanically, while the lower part of the profile is stretched. The upper part of the profile is only necessary during the short period when the profile must carry the soft concrete, and constitutes a stiffening des¬ tined to avoid its spillage or buckling and is used to hold lost formwork.
Par ailleurs, les systèmes de liaison actuels entre les poutrelles ou poutres de support et les ar atu- res sont généralement des éléments rapportés ponctuels et, de ce fait, coûteux. Ainsi, dans le domaine de la construction des ponts, il est souvent fait appel a des cornières courtes présentant une longueur de l'ordre de. 3 cm à 30 cm; qui sont soudées sur les poutres et qui - s'opposent au glissement longitudinal. Pour empêcher le. soulèvement, ces cornières sont percées et des armatures longitudinales supplémentaires sont enfilées dans les trous, ce qui entraîne des problèmes de précision lors de l'exécution des travaux, ainsi que des difficultés de passage des armatures, ayant pour conséquence des pertes de temps importantes. En outre, la liaison entre le profilé de sup¬ port et l'armature de la dalle en béton est souvent assu¬ rée par un connecteur rapporté, fixé par soudage sur le profilé de support. Un tel mode de réalisation est rela¬ tivement coûteux, du fait qu'il nécessite un soudage soi- gné desdits connecteurs.In addition, the current connection systems between the beams or support beams and the edges are generally point components and, therefore, costly. Thus, in the field of bridge construction, use is often made of short angles with a length of the order of. 3 cm to 30 cm; which are welded to the beams and which - oppose the longitudinal sliding. To prevent the. lifting, these angles are drilled and additional longitudinal reinforcements are threaded into the holes, which leads to problems of precision during the execution of the work, as well as difficulties in passing the reinforcements, resulting in significant loss of time. In addition, the connection between the support profile and the reinforcement of the concrete slab is often ensured by an attached connector, fixed by welding to the support profile. Such an embodiment is relatively expensive, because it requires careful welding of said connectors.
La présente invention a pour but de pallier ces inconvénients.The present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks.
Elle a, en effet, pour objet un procédé de so¬ lidarisation d'une masse de matière à un support fonc- tionnel caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste essentiellement à réaliser un coffrage réutilisable de la partie supé¬ rieure de la dalle et à monter, retourné, l'ensemble des éléments d'armature reliés entre eux et aux profilés de support, les éléments d'armature étant montés transversa- lement par rapport aux profilés, dans ledit coffrage, les profilés de support étant maintenus de manière à présen¬ ter essentiellement leur partie de connexion aux armatu¬ res dans le volume du coffrage à remplir de béton.It has, in fact, for its object a process for soldering a mass of material to a functional support, characterized in that it essentially consists in producing reusable formwork for the upper part of the slab and at mounting, inverted, all of the reinforcing elements connected together and to the support profiles, the reinforcing elements being mounted transversely with respect to the profiles, in said formwork, the support profiles being held so as to present ¬ basically their connection part to the reinforcements in the volume of the formwork to be filled with concrete.
L'invention a également pour objet des disposi- tifs obtenus par application de ce procédé, caractérisés en ce qu'ils sont essentiellement constitués par une dal¬ le en béton, dont l'armature est reliée à des profilés de support au moyen de connecteurs faisant partie intégrante desdits profilés et noyés dans le béton et en ce qu'ils sont préférentiellement moulés en position retournée. L'invention sera mieux comprise, grâce à la description ci-après, qui se rapporte à des modes de réa¬ lisation préférés, donnés à titre d'exemples non limita¬ tifs , et expliqués avec référence aux dessins schémati- , ques annexés, dans lesquels : la figure 1 est une vue partielle en perspecti¬ ve et en coupe d'un dispositif obtenu par application du procédé conforme à l'invention avec son coffrage ; la figure 2 est une vue partielle en élévation latérale et en coupe d'une variante de réalisation de l'invention ; la figure 3 est une vue partielle en coupe d'un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention ; la figure 4 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 1 représentant une autre variante de réalisation du connecteur ; les figures 5 à 13 représentent des variantes de réalisation de profilés de support ; la figure 14 représente une autre variante de réalisation d'un dispositif conforme à l'invention, et la figure 15 est une vue en élévation latérale d'une variante de réalisation d'un profilé de support. Conformément à l'invention, et comme le mon¬ trent plus particulièrement, à titre d'exemple, les figu- res 1 à 4 des dessins annexés, le procédé de solidarisa¬ tion d'une masse de matière à un support fonctionnel est caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste essentiellement à réali¬ ser un coffrage réutilisable 9 de la partie supérieure de la dalle et à monter, retourné, l'ensemble des éléments d'armature 1 reliés entre eux et aux profilés de support 2, les éléments d'armature 1 étant montés transversale¬ ment par rapport aux profilés 2, dans ledit coffrage, les profilés de support 2 étant maintenus de manière à pré¬ senter essentiellement leur partie de connexion 3 aux ar- matures 1 dans le volume du coffrage 9 à remplir de béton 4. Ainsi, la connexion entre l'armature 1 et les profilés 2 est réalisée dans la partie noyée desdits pro¬ filés 2, qui sont liés fonctionnellement à la masse du ~ béton 4 par l'intermédiaire des armatures 1. L'invention a également pour objet des disposi¬ tifs obtenus par application de ce procédé, caractérisés en ce qu'ils sont essentiellement constitués par une dal¬ le en béton 4,- dont l'armature 1 est reliée à des profi¬ lés de support 2 au moyen de connecteurs 3 faisant partie intégrante desdits profilés 2 et noyés dans le béton 4, ces dispositifs étant moulés préférentiellement en posi¬ tion retournée.The invention also relates to devices obtained by application of this method, characterized in that they essentially consist of a concrete slab, the frame of which is connected to support profiles by means of connectors forming an integral part of said sections and embedded in the concrete and in that they are preferably molded in the inverted position. The invention will be better understood from the description below, which relates to preferred embodiments, given by way of nonlimiting examples, and explained with reference to the diagrammatic drawings, which are appended, in which: Figure 1 is a partial perspective view and in section of a device obtained by applying the method according to the invention with its formwork; Figure 2 is a partial side elevational view in section of an alternative embodiment of the invention; Figure 3 is a partial sectional view of a second embodiment of the invention; Figure 4 is a view similar to that of Figure 1 showing another alternative embodiment of the connector; Figures 5 to 13 show alternative embodiments of support profiles; Figure 14 shows another alternative embodiment of a device according to the invention, and Figure 15 is a side elevational view of an alternative embodiment of a support profile. According to the invention, and as shown more particularly, by way of example, FIGS. 1 to 4 of the appended drawings, the method of joining a mass of material to a functional support is characterized in that it essentially consists in realizing a reusable formwork 9 of the upper part of the slab and in mounting, turned upside down, all of the reinforcing elements 1 connected together and to the support profiles 2, the elements d reinforcement 1 being mounted transversely with respect to the profiles 2, in said formwork, the support profiles 2 being maintained so as to essentially present their connection part 3 to the reinforcements 1 in the volume of the formwork 9 to be filled concrete 4. Thus, the connection between the frame 1 and the profile 2 is formed in the embedded portion of said pro¬ yarns 2, which are functionally related to the mass of concrete ~ 4 through the armatures 1. The invention also relates to subject of the devices obtained by application of this method, characterized in that they essentially consist of a concrete slab 4, - the frame 1 of which is connected to support profiles 2 by means of connectors 3 forming an integral part of said profiles 2 and embedded in the concrete 4, these devices being preferably molded in the inverted posi¬ tion.
Un tel mode de réalisation du dispositif permet l'obtention d'une face supérieure parfaitement plane et une disposition de l'armature 1 dans le coffrage sans né¬ cessiter d'écarteurs, ladite armature 1 étant suspendue aux profilés 2 par l'intermédiaire des connecteurs 3 qui sont noyés dans le béton 4, de sorte que le positionne¬ ment de ladite armature peut être effectué de manière beaucoup plus précise et sans insertion de corps étran¬ gers. Les profilés 2, qui sont généralement des profilés métalliques, sont destinés à être posés sur des appuis linéaires ou ponctuels constitutifs des ponts, des plan¬ chers ou autres parois , et sont le plus souvent sous for- me d'éléments de quelques mètres ou quelques dizaines de mètres de long associés, isolément ou en nombre, à une dalle en -béton 4 de quelques mètres de large.Such an embodiment of the device makes it possible to obtain a perfectly flat upper face and an arrangement of the frame 1 in the formwork without requiring spacers, said frame 1 being suspended from the profiles 2 by means of the connectors 3 which are embedded in the concrete 4, so that the positioning of said reinforcement can be carried out in a much more precise manner and without the insertion of foreign bodies. Profiles 2, which are generally metal profiles, are intended to be placed on linear or point supports constituting bridges, floors or other walls, and are most often in the form of elements of a few meters or a few tens of meters long associated, individually or in number, with a concrete slab 4 a few meters wide.
Chaque profilé de support 2 comporte une partie de connexion 3 d'un seul tenant avec le profilé 2 et mu- nie, à intervalles réguliers, de découpes 5 destinées à coopérer avec les éléments d'armature 1 en vue du loge¬ ment et/ou de la fixation de ces derniers, tout en assu¬ rant la triangulation du profilé 2 entre la semelle dudit profilé 2 et la dalle de béton 4. Ces découpes 5 réali- sent ainsi le positionnement et 1' écartetnent des éléments d'armature 1 dans les deux ou les trois dimensions. En 5 outre, le mode de réalisation du support profilé 2 et de sa partie de connexion 3 en une seule pièce permet d'éli¬ miner les opérations de soudage ultérieures de la partie 3 sur la partie 2. Par ailleurs, dans le dispositif conforme à l'invention, la prévision de la partie de connexion 3 permet de ramener les diverses sollicitations mécaniques de flexion et de cisaillement des éléments d'armature 1, qui s'opposent au déplacement de la masse de matière for- ée par le béton 4, par l'intermédiaire de ladite partie de connexion 3, sur les profilés de support 2. Ainsi, l'ensemble des efforts ulti-dimensionnels internes et/ou externes s 'exerçant sur une dalle et dus, en particulier, aux glissements, aux soulèvements et aux arrachements peut être repris.Each support profile 2 comprises a connection part 3 in one piece with the profile 2 and provided, at regular intervals, with cutouts 5 intended to cooperate with the reinforcing elements 1 for the purpose of housing and / or the fixing of the latter, while assu¬ rant the triangulation of the profile 2 between the sole of said profile 2 and the concrete slab 4. These cutouts 5 thus realize the positioning and 1 'spacing of reinforcing elements 1 in two or three dimensions. In 5 furthermore, the embodiment of the profiled support 2 and of its connection part 3 in a single piece makes it possible to eliminate the subsequent welding operations of part 3 on part 2. Furthermore, in the device conforming to the invention, the provision of the connection part 3 makes it possible to reduce the various mechanical flexion and shear stresses of the reinforcing elements 1, which oppose the displacement of the mass of material formed by the concrete 4, by means of said connection part 3, on the support profiles 2. Thus, all of the internal and / or external ultra-dimensional forces exerted on a slab and due, in particular, to slipping, to lifting and the wrenching can be resumed.
La partie de connexion 3 , encastrée dans la dalle de béton 4, participe, en effet, utilement à la ré¬ sistance à la flexion du profilé de support 2, qui peut, de ce fait, être sous-dimensionné par rapport à son di- mensionnement d'origine.The connection part 3, embedded in the concrete slab 4, participates, in fact, usefully in the flexural resistance of the support profile 2, which can therefore be undersized with respect to its di - original measurement.
Conformément à une caractéristique de l'inven¬ tion, et comme le montre la figure 1, la partie de conne¬ xion 3 présente une section constante et s'étend de ma¬ nière rectiligne sur le profilé de support 2 et ses dé- coupes 5 sont en forme de crochets opposés coopérant par leur fond avec les éléments d'armature 1 librement placés dans lesdits crochets. Dans ce mode de réalisation, les éléments d'armature 1 peuvent facilement être mis en pla¬ ce dans les découpes 5 des parties de connexion 3 des profilés '2 après disposition de ces derniers en position retournée 'au-dessus du coffrage, par simple enclenchement dans les crochets opposés formant lesdites découpes 5, cesdits crochets réalisant le maintien des éléments d'ar¬ mature 1 contre une chute dans ledit coffrage. La figure 2 représente une variante de réalisa¬ tion du profilé de support 2,' constitué sous forme d'un profilé en T, dont l'âme est munie, à intervalles régu-. liers, de découpes 5, sensiblement en queue d'aronde, dont les extrémités en coin, préférentiellement arron¬ dies, délimitant lesdites découpes 5,sont pourvues chacu- ne d' au moins une encoche 6 de logement d'un élément d'armature plat 7 ou d'un ou de plusieurs éléments d'ar¬ mature ronds accolés. Ce mode de réalisation permet un allégement substantiel du profilé 2 du fait des découpes 5 et la mise en place d'éléments d'armature plats 7 re- prenant des efforts multi-directionnels précis ou encore d'éléments d'armature ronds, dont seulement une partie est destinée à la connexion, les autres étant destinées uniquement à l'armature transversale de la dalle en bé¬ ton. En outre, les extrémités arrondies des coins permet- tent d'éliminer les amorces de rupture.According to a characteristic of the invention, and as shown in FIG. 1, the connecting part 3 has a constant section and extends in a rectilinear manner on the support profile 2 and its cutouts. 5 are in the form of opposite hooks cooperating at their bottom with the reinforcing elements 1 freely placed in said hooks. In this embodiment, the reinforcing elements 1 can easily be placed in the cut-outs 5 of the connection parts 3 of the profiles ' 2 after the latter have been placed in the inverted position ' above the formwork, by simple engagement in the opposite hooks forming said cutouts 5, said hooks maintaining the ar¬ mature elements 1 against falling into said formwork. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the support profile 2, 'formed in the form of a T-shaped, with which the core is provided, at regular intervals. liers, of cutouts 5, substantially in dovetail, whose corner ends, preferably rounded, delimiting said cutouts 5, are each provided with at least one notch 6 for housing a reinforcing element flat 7 or one or more ar¬ mature round elements joined together. This embodiment allows a substantial reduction of the profile 2 due to the cutouts 5 and the installation of flat reinforcing elements 7 using precise multidirectional forces or even round reinforcing elements, of which only a part is intended for connection, the others being intended only for the transverse reinforcement of the concrete slab. In addition, the rounded ends of the corners make it possible to eliminate the incipient fractures.
Un élément profilé 2 avec la partie de conne¬ xion 3, selon la figure 2, peut facilement être réalisé par découpe d'un profilé en I ou en H au niveau de son âme, la symétrie des découpes 5 permettant d'obtenir deux profilés 2 à la fin de la découpe.A profiled element 2 with the connection part 3, according to FIG. 2, can easily be produced by cutting an I or H profile at its core, the symmetry of the cuts 5 making it possible to obtain two profiles 2 at the end of the cut.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les encoches 6 , prévues aux extrémités en coin des décou¬ pes 5 de la partie de connexion du profilé selon la figu¬ re 2, coopèrent avec une armature flexible, dont les bords s'insèrent dans lesdites encoches 6. Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'armature flexible est fixée avec pré¬ contrainte sur la partie de connexion 3 , de sorte que son maintien pendant la coulée du béton dans le coffrage est assuré. En outre, du fait que plusieurs encoches 6 peu- vent être prévues aux extrémités des coins des découpes 5, il est possible de réaliser une fixation avec décalage des éléments d'armature 1 ou 7 dans lesdites encoches, de manière à réaliser une précontrainte transversale desdi¬ tes armatures- par rapport aux profilés 2, ce qui entraîne leur maintien automatique pendant le coffrage et la cou¬ lée du béton. La figure- 3 représente une autre variante de réalisation de l'invention, dans laquelle la partie de connexion 3 est constituée par un élément ponctuel 8 non linéaire, préférentiellement sous forme d'une pièce de révolution moulée ou sous forme d'une pièce découpée, fi¬ xé sur le profilé 2 par soudage et présentant des appen¬ dices 10 le long d'une partie centrale 11, ces appendices 10 coopérant avec des éléments d'armature hélicoïdaux 12. De tels éléments 12 peuvent facilement être montés sur les appendices 10, par exemple par simple vissage.According to another characteristic of the invention, the notches 6, provided at the corner ends of the decou¬ pes 5 of the connection part of the profile according to fig 2 re, cooperate with a flexible frame, the edges of which are inserted in said notches 6. In this embodiment, the flexible reinforcement is fixed with pre-stress on the connection part 3, so that its maintenance during the pouring of the concrete into the formwork is ensured. In addition, since several notches 6 can be provided at the ends of the corners of the cutouts 5, it is possible to fix with offset the reinforcing elements 1 or 7 in said notches, so as to achieve transverse prestressing desdi¬ your reinforcement relative to the profiles 2, which results in their automatic maintenance during the formwork and pouring of the concrete. FIG. 3 represents another alternative embodiment of the invention, in which the connection part 3 is constituted by a non-linear point element 8, preferably in the form of a molded part of revolution or in the form of a cut part. , fi¬ xed on the profile 2 by welding and having appen¬ dices 10 along a central part 11, these appendages 10 cooperating with helical reinforcement elements 12. Such elements 12 can easily be mounted on the appendages 10, for example by simple screwing.
La figure 4 représente une autre variante de réalisation de l'invention, dans laquelle les sections 13 de la partie de connexion 3 du profilé de support 2 com¬ prises entre les découpes 5 sont orientées alternative- ment dans des directions opposées par pliage relativement à leur position d'origine et éventuellement avec torsion. Ainsi, ces sections en saillie peuvent s'opposer aux ef¬ fets d'enfoncement dus au glissement et de soulèvement d'une dalle de béton 4 par rapport aux profilés de sup- port 2, éventuellement sans addition d'autres éléments étrangers aux profilés 2, notamment d'éléments d'armature 1.FIG. 4 represents another alternative embodiment of the invention, in which the sections 13 of the connection part 3 of the support profile 2 taken between the cutouts 5 are oriented alternately in opposite directions by folding relative to their original position and possibly with a twist. Thus, these projecting sections can oppose the penetration effects due to the sliding and lifting of a concrete slab 4 relative to the support profiles 2, possibly without the addition of other elements foreign to the profiles 2, in particular of reinforcing elements 1.
La figure 5 représente une autre variante de réalisation de l'invention, dans laquelle la partie de connexion 3 se présente sous forme d'un fer plat muni de découpes 5 ' avec une réservation de logement et de main¬ tien d'un élément d'armature 1 et monté sur un élément profilé 2 à section en I ou en H. Dans ce mode de réali¬ sation, l'élément profilé 2 est avantageusement un élé- ment du commerce et la partie de connexion 3 peut égale¬ ment être réalisée à partir d'un fer plat disponible dans le commerce, éventuellement d'un fer plat de grande lar¬ geur découpé de manière symétrique pour obtenir deux par¬ ties de connexion 3. La figure 6 représente une variante de réalisa¬ tion du profilé suivant la figure 2, dans laquelle ce dernier et sa partie de connexion 3 sont avantageusement obtenus, soit par découpe de dents 14 dans l'âme d'un profilé en T, soit encore par découpe symétrique d'un profilé en I ou en H à âme de grande hauteur ou d'un-pro- filé reconstitué, soudé, constitué par une semelle et par une âme, l'âme pouvant également être avantageusement on¬ dulée. Ainsi, il est possible de réaliser des profilés de support avec des parties de connexion intégrées, dont l'âme ondulée permet d'augmenter la résistance transver- sale et s'oppose à des forces de glissement.FIG. 5 represents another alternative embodiment of the invention, in which the connection part 3 is in the form of a flat iron provided with cutouts 5 ′ with a housing reservation and the maintenance of an element d frame 1 and mounted on a profiled element 2 with an I or H section. In this embodiment, the profiled element 2 is advantageously an element of commerce and the connection part 3 can also be made from a commercially available flat iron, possibly a large flat iron cut symmetrically to obtain two connection parts 3. FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment of the profile according to Figure 2, in which this last and its connection part 3 are advantageously obtained, either by cutting teeth 14 in the core of a T-profile, or else by symmetrical cutting of an I or H profile with a very high core or a reconstituted profile, welded, consisting of a sole and a core, the core also being able to be advantageously waved. Thus, it is possible to produce support profiles with integrated connection parts, the corrugated core of which allows to increase the transverse resistance and opposes sliding forces.
La figure 7 représente une variante de réalisa¬ tion du profilé suivant la figure 5, dans laquelle l'élé¬ ment de connexion 3 est réalisé directement dans l'une des ailes d'un profilé en I ou en H, par réalisation de découpes dans les bords opposés de ladite aile, qui est noyée dans la masse de béton de la dalle. Dans ce mode de réalisation l'aile du profilé en I ou en H munie de dé¬ coupes forme avantageusement le connecteur de liaison du profilé 2 avec la masse de béton de la dalle. Une autre variante est possible par réalisation de découpes arron¬ dies évitant les amorces de rupture et assurant des dif¬ fusions progressives des contraintes.FIG. 7 represents a variant embodiment of the profile according to FIG. 5, in which the connection element 3 is produced directly in one of the wings of an I or H profile, by making cutouts in the opposite edges of said wing, which is embedded in the mass of concrete of the slab. In this embodiment, the wing of the I or H profile provided with cutouts advantageously forms the connector for connecting the profile 2 with the concrete mass of the slab. Another variant is possible by making arron¬ dies cuts avoiding the incipient fractures and ensuring progressive dif¬ fusions of the stresses.
La figure 8 représente une variante de réalisa¬ tion des profilés selon les figures 4 et 6,- dans laquelle les dents 14, obtenues par découpe de l'âme d'un profilé en T ou par découpe symétrique de l'âme d'un profilé en I ou en H, sont orientées alternativement par pliage d'un côté et de l'autre de ladite âme. Ce mode de réalisation permet l'obtention du même effet que le profilé représen- té à la figure 4.FIG. 8 represents an alternative embodiment of the profiles according to FIGS. 4 and 6, - in which the teeth 14, obtained by cutting the core of a T-shaped section or by symmetrical cutting of the core of a I-shaped or H-shaped, are oriented alternately by folding on one side and the other of said core. This embodiment allows the same effect to be obtained as the profile shown in FIG. 4.
Il est également possible, selon une autre va¬ riante de réalisation de l'invention, représentée à la figure 9 des dessins annexés, de réaliser la partie 3 de connexion sous forme d'une cornière profilée 15 soudée sur le champ de l'âme d'un support profilé en T, par son arête d'angle. Dans ce mode de réalisation également, la partie de connexion 3 réalise directement une liaison de forme avec la masse de béton l'entourant.It is also possible, according to another variant of the embodiment of the invention, shown in FIG. 9 of the appended drawings, to produce the connection part 3 in the form of a profiled angle 15 welded on the field of the core. a T-shaped support, by its corner edge. In this embodiment also, the connection part 3 directly forms a form connection with the surrounding mass of concrete.
La figure 10 représente une variante de réali¬ sation de la partie de connexion 3 suivant la figure 9, - dans laquelle la cornière profilée 15 est remplacée par un élément hélicoïdal 16 coopérant avec des perçages transversaux 17 ménagés, dans l'âme de l'élément profilé 2, près de son bord libre. Un tel élément hélicoïdal 16 peut facilement être mis en place dans les perçages 17, par simple vissage, et peut servir simultanément au main¬ tien d'éléments d'armature traversant ses spires, éven¬ tuellement en oblique.FIG. 10 represents a variant embodiment of the connection part 3 according to FIG. 9, - in which the profiled angle 15 is replaced by a helical element 16 cooperating with transverse holes 17 made in the core of the profiled element 2, near its free edge. Such a helical element 16 can easily be put into place in the holes 17, by simple screwing, and can be used simultaneously for main¬ tien of reinforcing elements passing through its turns, possibly obliquely.
Les figures 11 et 12 des dessins annexés repré¬ sentent d'autres variantes de réalisation de la partie de connexion 3 du profilé suivant la figure 10. Ainsi, la figure 11 représente une partie de connexion 3 constituée par des trous oblongs 18 disposés à intervalles réguliers près de l'extrémité libre de l'âme d'un profilé en T ou d'un profilé en I ou en H découpé de manière symétrique et s 'étendant parallèlement a ce bord libre ou oblique¬ ment à ce dernier, les trous 18 de cette partie de conne¬ xion 3 coopérant avec des armatures 19 de section corres¬ pondante enfilées dans lesdits trous 18. Un tel mode de réalisation permet d'obtenir les mêmes effets que ceux obtenus avec le profilé selon la figure 2.Figures 11 and 12 of the accompanying drawings repré¬ feel other alternative embodiments of the connection part 3 of the profile according to Figure 10. Thus, Figure 11 shows a connection part 3 consisting of oblong holes 18 arranged at intervals regular near the free end of the core of a T-profile or an I-or H-profile cut symmetrically and extending parallel to this free edge or obliquely to the latter, the holes 18 of this connection part 3 cooperating with armatures 19 of corresponding section threaded into said holes 18. Such an embodiment makes it possible to obtain the same effects as those obtained with the profile according to FIG. 2.
Dans le mode de réalisation selon la figure 12, le support profilé 2 présente une âme découpée de manière à former des appendices 20 présentant au moins une partie d' encliquetage 21, ces appendices 20 coopérant avec des clips de connexion transversaux 22 présentant une section transversale correspondant à la section des appendices 20. Ce mode- de réalisation permet de fixer les clips 22 sur les supports profilés 2 et d'en assurer le maintien pendant le coffrage et la coulée du béton, tout en immo- bilisant les armatures transversales dans des mortaises 23, les clips 22 venant en butée du côté opposé contre.un tenon 24.In the embodiment according to FIG. 12, the profiled support 2 has a core cut out so as to form appendages 20 having at least one latching part 21, these appendages 20 cooperating with transverse connection clips 22 having a cross section corresponding to the section of the appendices 20. This embodiment makes it possible to fix the clips 22 on the profiled supports 2 and to ensure their maintenance during the formwork and the pouring of the concrete, while immobilizing the transverse reinforcements in mortises 23, the clips 22 abutting on the opposite side against a tenon 24.
La figure 13 représente une variante de réali- ' sation de l'invention, dans laquelle la partie de conne— xion 3 présente une section variable et discontinue sur la longueur du support profilé 2. Une telle section peut être obtenue par déformation, à chaud ou à froid, à in¬ tervalles réguliers ou non, de l'âme d'un profilé, par laminage ou par forgeage. Ainsi, au niveau de la déforma- tion, l'âme du profilé 2 présente une hauteur réduite au¬ torisant le passage des armatures transversales et leur soutien et une épaisseur plus" importante correspondant à la déformation de la matière, par exemple sous forme d'un bourrelet 25 formant un connecteur pour la masse de béton de la dalle.13 shows an alternate embodiment 'tion of the invention, wherein the portion of connec- tion 3 presents a variable section and discontinuous over the length of the mounting rail 2. Such a section can be obtained by deformation, hot or cold, at regular or non-regular intervals, of the core of a profile, by rolling or forging. Thus, at the deformation, the web of the profile 2 has a reduced height au¬ torisant the passage of the transverse reinforcement and support more and a thickness "corresponding to the significant deformation of the material, eg in the form of 'a bead 25 forming a connector for the concrete mass of the slab.
Conformément à une autre variante de réalisa¬ tion de l'invention, non représentée aux dessins annexés, la partie de connexion 3 peut également être constituée par un fer plat torsadé fixé par soudage sur un autre fer plat formant le profilé de support.According to another alternative embodiment of the invention, not shown in the accompanying drawings, the connection part 3 can also be constituted by a twisted flat iron fixed by welding on another flat iron forming the support profile.
La figure 14 représente une variante de réali¬ sation du dispositif conforme à l'invention, dans laquel¬ le les extrémités du profilé de support 2 sont encastrées dans une retombée 26 de la dalle de béton 4, qui est pourvue, en outre, dans au moins un bord longitudinal, d'une rainure 27 de logement d'une pièce 28 de reprise des efforts tranchants destinée à coopérer avec une rai¬ nure correspondante de la dalle voisine. Ce mode de réa¬ lisation permet, d'une part, par la prévision de l'encas- trement des extrémités des supports profilés 2, d'amélio¬ rer la liaison entre la dalle et lesdits profilés et de réaliser une précontrainte de ces derniers , du fait du retrait du béton, et, d'autre part, de rigidifier à la torsion l'ensemble de la dalle et donc d'en faciliter la manutention, le retournement, le transport et le fonc¬ tionnement en position de service, la retombée 26 for- mant, par ailleurs, un arrêt des terres avec ou sans garde-grève dans le cas de réalisation de ponts.FIG. 14 shows a variant embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which the ends of the support profile 2 are embedded in a drop 26 of the concrete slab 4, which is further provided in at least one longitudinal edge, of a groove 27 for housing a piece 28 for taking up the cutting forces intended to cooperate with a corresponding rai¬ nure of the neighboring slab. This embodiment makes it possible, on the one hand, by predicting the embedding of the ends of the profiled supports 2, to improve the connection between the slab and said profiles and to carry out prestressing of the latter. , due to the shrinkage of the concrete, and, on the other hand, to stiffen the whole of the slab by torsion and therefore facilitate handling, turning, transport and operation in the service position, the fallout 26 for- mant, moreover, a land stop with or without a strike guard in the case of construction of bridges.
Conformément à une autre caractéristique de 1 ' invention et comme le montre la figure 15 des dessins annexés, les profilés de support 2 peuvent avantageuse¬ ment présenter un cintrage suivant leur axe longitudinal. Un tel cintrage peut facilement, du fait de la constitu¬ tion même des supports profilés 2 conformes à l'inven¬ tion, être réalisé sur chantier de manière naturelle, par simple disposition de leurs extrémités sur des appuis, du fait de la faible inertie desdits profilés 2 obtenue gr⬠ce à la découpe, contrairement aux poutrelles classiques à section en I ou en H qui nécessitent un cintrage en usine, éventuellement à chaud. Le cintrage des profilés conformes. à l'invention peut donc être effectué de ma¬ nière particulièrement économique. Un tel cintrage per¬ met, du fait du moulage des dispositifs conformes à l'in¬ vention en position retournée, de réaliser des disposi¬ tifs ou dalles sur des surfaces planes, convexes, conca- ves, courbes, gauches, etc... , afin d'obtenir une précon¬ trainte desdites dalles suivant un ou plusieurs axes pré¬ férentiels .According to another characteristic of the invention and as shown in Figure 15 of the accompanying drawings, the support profiles 2 may advantageously have a bend along their longitudinal axis. Such bending can easily, due to the very constitution of the profiled supports 2 in accordance with the invention, be carried out on site in a natural manner, by simple arrangement of their ends on supports, due to the low inertia of said sections 2 obtained by cutting, unlike conventional beams with an I or H section which require bending in the factory, possibly hot. Bending of conforming profiles. to the invention can therefore be carried out in a particularly economical manner. Due to the molding of the devices in accordance with the invention in such an inverted position, such bending makes it possible to produce devices or slabs on flat, convex, concave, curved, left, etc. surfaces. ., in order to obtain a prestress of said slabs along one or more preferential axes.
Les profilés de support 2 et les armatures peu¬ vent avantageusement être reliés entre eux sur un dispo- sitif de préparation annexe au coffrage et être mis en place dans ce dernier, avant ou après coulée du béton, par fonçage ou par vibration. Dans un tel mode de réali¬ sation, la jonction entre les divers éléments à introdui¬ re dans le béton est réalisée par des clips ou par des ligatures-.The support profiles 2 and the reinforcements can advantageously be interconnected on a preparation device annexed to the formwork and be placed in the latter, before or after pouring the concrete, by sinking or by vibration. In such a mode of realization, the junction between the various elements to be introduced into the concrete is carried out by clips or by ligatures.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la partie de connexion 3 des supports profilés 2 et/ou les éléments d'armature 1, 7 ou 19 peuvent avantageuse¬ ment être constitués en un matériau magnétique ou magné- tisé. Ainsi, la liaison entre lesdits profilés et armatu¬ res peut être assurée en toute position de ces derniers relativement au coffrage, sans risquer leur chute dans ce. dernier lors de la coulée du béton.According to another characteristic of the invention, the connection part 3 of the profiled supports 2 and / or the reinforcing elements 1, 7 or 19 can advantageously be made of a magnetic or magnetized material. Thus, the connection between said sections and armatu¬ res can be ensured in any position of the latter relative to the formwork, without risking their fall into it. last when pouring concrete.
Le dispositif conforme à l'invention est avan¬ tageusement constitué par une masse de matière sous forme de béton et un support fonctionnel formé par des supports profilés, de préférence en acier, relié à des armatures également en acier, noyées dans la masse de matière, au moyen d'une partie de connexion également en acier et noyée dans la masse de matière. Cependant, la masse de matière pourrait égale¬ ment être constituée par un béton synthétique coopérant avec des éléments de support et d'armatures en matière synthétique ou en métal.The device according to the invention is advantageously constituted by a mass of material in the form of concrete and a functional support formed by profiled supports, preferably made of steel, connected to reinforcements also made of steel, embedded in the mass of material , by means of a connection part also made of steel and embedded in the mass of material. However, the mass of material could also consist of synthetic concrete cooperating with support elements and reinforcements of synthetic material or metal.
Grâce au procédé conforme à l'invention, il est possible de réaliser un dispositif tel qu'une dalle de pont ou autre, dans lequel la liaison entre les parties de support et la matière de la dalle est réalisée au moyen de la partie de connexion reprenant les sollicita¬ tions transmises par la dalle. La géométrie de la partie de connexion pourra facilement être adaptée sur toute la longueur du profilé correspondant afin de répondre exac¬ tement aux sollicitations locales que doit équilibrer cette partie de connexion, par exemple par variation le long du -profilé, en fonction de la répartition de l'effort. Bien entendu, cette géométrie peut également être constante pour des raisons de standardisation, de simplification des calculs et de mise en oeuvre.Thanks to the method according to the invention, it is possible to produce a device such as a bridge slab or the like, in which the connection between the support parts and the material of the slab is made by means of the connection part. taking up the requests transmitted by the slab. The geometry of the connection part can easily be adapted over the entire length of the corresponding profile in order to respond exactly to the local stresses which this connection part must balance, for example by variation along the profile, as a function of the distribution. of effort. Of course, this geometry can also be constant for reasons of standardization, simplification of the calculations and implementation.
L'écarte ent des profilés 2 est modulable, de même que la distance entre les profilés 2 et le fond du coffrage et que l'épaisseur du dispositif ou dalle obte¬ nu.The spacing between the profiles 2 is adjustable, as is the distance between the profiles 2 and the bottom of the formwork and the thickness of the device or slab obte¬ naked.
Deux profilés successifs 2 délimitent entre eux un espace dans lequel l'épaisseur du dispositif ou dalle peut être identique ou différente de celle des espaces voisins par utilisation des caractéristiques rheologiques du béton frais et de la perte de charge qu'entraîne l'es- pace libre entre le profilé 2 et le fond du moule. Le dispositif ainsi obtenu peut, de ce fait, présenter exac¬ tement et .rationnellement les caractéristiques mécaniques nécessaires à l'absorption des efforts causés par des ac- tions externes et internes, de manière à ne pas dépasser les valeurs admissibles de chaque matériau.Two successive sections 2 delimit between them a space in which the thickness of the device or slab can be the same or different from that of neighboring spaces by using the rheological characteristics of the fresh concrete and the pressure drop that the es free space between profile 2 and the bottom of the mold. The device thus obtained can, therefore, have exactly and rationally the mechanical characteristics necessary for absorbing the forces caused by external and internal actions, so as not to exceed the admissible values of each material.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la face externe du dispositif peut avantageusement être pourvue d'un revêtement en carreaux de céramique, en pré- dalles de béton, en moquettes routières ou en un autre revêtement de sols. Un tel mode de réalisation permet, d'une part, l'obtention d'un dispositif prêt à la pose, entièrement fini, dont les éléments de revêtements peu¬ vent remplir les fonctions de coffrage, de couche d ' usu- re , de couche d'isolation thermique ou phonique ou d' étanchéité" ou de propreté ou de couche décorative.According to another characteristic of the invention, the external face of the device can advantageously be provided with a covering in ceramic tiles, in concrete slabs, in road carpets or in another floor covering. Such an embodiment makes it possible, on the one hand, to obtain a device ready for installation, entirely finished, the covering elements of which can fulfill the functions of formwork, wearing layer, layer of thermal or sound insulation or sealing " or cleanliness or decorative layer.
L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de retournement de ce dispositif caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à soulever ce dispositif par un ou plusieurs profilés de sa zone médiane et, après passage à la verti¬ cale le retenir par les profilés de ses zones d'extrémi¬ tés. Un tel mode de retournement permet de garantir, pen¬ dant toute l'opération, le maintien de la compression dans la partie du dispositif formant la dalle de béton. Le dispositif selon l'invention est utilisable, après durcissement du béton, pour la réalisation de ta¬ bliers de ponts, de planchers industriels ou de bâti¬ ments, de structures verticales, telles que murs-rideaux, façades ou murs anti-bruit, ou encore d'éléments de toi- ture, ou encore pour la réalisation de chaussées par pose d'une succession de dispositifs adjacents sur des longri- nes ou directement sur une couche de forme par appui par¬ tiel ou total des profilés 2.The invention also relates to a process for turning over this device, characterized in that it consists in lifting this device by one or more profiles from its central zone and, after passing vertically hold it by the profiles of its end zones. Such an inversion mode makes it possible to guarantee, during the whole operation, the maintenance of the compression in the part of the device forming the concrete slab. The device according to the invention can be used, after the concrete has hardened, for the production of bridge decks, industrial floors or buildings, vertical structures, such as curtain walls, facades or noise barriers, or also roofing elements, or else for making pavements by laying a succession of adjacent devices on sleepers or directly on a form layer by partial or total support of the profiles 2.
Il est également envisageable de réaliser une plate-forme de roulement de chaussée par coulage en con¬ tinu de ladite plate-forme en position retournée et re- tournement progressif jusqu'à la position de service, après durcissement. Un tel mode de réalisation est notam¬ ment destiné à la construction rapide de routes nouvelles avec un coffrage de plusieurs centaines de mètres de long.It is also conceivable to produce a road rolling platform by continuously casting said platform in the inverted position and re- gradual turning to the operating position, after hardening. Such an embodiment is in particular intended for the rapid construction of new roads with a formwork of several hundred meters long.
La légèreté du dispositif pouvant être obtenue grâce à l'invention, permet d'envisager, notamment dans le cas du bâtiment, la réalisation d'éléments de plu¬ sieurs mètres carrés de surface pouvant facilement être manutentionnés.The lightness of the device which can be obtained thanks to the invention, makes it possible to envisage, in particular in the case of the building, the production of elements of several square meters of surface which can easily be handled.
En outre, dans le cas de réalisation d'éléments de chaussées ou de tabliers de ponts, le sens de coulage du béton permet de coffrer parfaitement la surface de roulement de la chaussée et de répondre ainsi aux impéra- tifs de sécurité, d'esthétique et de longévité.In addition, in the case of the construction of pavement elements or bridge decks, the direction of concrete pouring makes it possible to form the road surface of the pavement perfectly and thus to meet the requirements of safety, aesthetics. and longevity.
Enfin, la construction mixte libère un espace entre le sol et le béton qui est utilisable pour le pas¬ sage des réseaux, facilitant leur installation, réfection et remplacement, et comme structure réserv.oir d'eau faci- litant le drainage.Finally, mixed construction frees up a space between the ground and the concrete which can be used for the passage of networks, facilitating their installation, repair and replacement, and as a water reservoir structure facilitating drainage.
Grâce à l'invention, il est possible de réali¬ ser des dispositifs préfabriqués utilisables en particu¬ lier dans le domaine des travaux publics et du bâtiment, pouvant être rapidement exécutés en usine, en toute indé- pendance vis-à-vis des conditions atmosphériques, et d'une qualité irréprochable, la surface fonctionnelle, à savoir celle formant la couche de roulement ou supportant cette dernière, présentant un fini de surface parfait, alors que la surface opposée, à savoir celle formant la surface inférieure de la dalle, restant brute de coulée. En outre, ces dispositifs peuvent être réalisés de manière répétitive, de sorte que leur prix de revient peut être considérablement réduit, et, du fait de leur préfabrication totale, ils peuvent être transportés, com- pletement équipés de leurs superstructures, sur le site où le temps d'intervention peut également être notable- ment réduit, limitant la gêne aux usagers et procurant d'importants retours économiques.Thanks to the invention, it is possible to make prefabricated devices which can be used in particular in the field of public works and building, which can be quickly executed in the factory, completely independently of the conditions. atmospheric, and of irreproachable quality, the functional surface, namely that forming or supporting the wearing course, having a perfect surface finish, while the opposite surface, namely that forming the lower surface of the slab, remaining gross of casting. In addition, these devices can be produced repeatedly, so that their cost price can be considerably reduced, and, due to their total prefabrication, they can be transported, fully equipped with their superstructures, to the site where intervention time can also be significant- reduced, limiting discomfort to users and providing significant economic returns.
De plus, les dispositifs conformes à l'inven¬ tion permettent de diminuer de manière significative la quantité d'acier des poutres, de l'ordre de 15 % à 20 % , ainsi que de diminuer les surfaces à traiter de ces der¬ nières de l'ordre de 30 % à 40 % , ce qui diminue d'autant les frais de maintenance, tout en permettant, par les ré¬ servations tant longitudinales que transversales obte- nues, le passage des réseaux.In addition, the devices according to the invention make it possible to significantly reduce the quantity of steel in the beams, of the order of 15% to 20%, as well as to reduce the surfaces to be treated of these latter. on the order of 30% to 40%, which reduces maintenance costs by the same amount, while allowing, through both the longitudinal and transverse reservations obtained, the passage of the networks.
Enfin, le procédé de réalisation conforme à l'invention permet, du fait de la constitution même de la partie de connexion, de supprimer le cintrage éventuel préalable des profilés de support en usine, ce qui en- traîne également une diminution du coût de ces profilés. Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation décrit et représenté aux dessins an¬ nexés. Des modifications restent possibles, notamment du point de vue de la constitution des divers éléments ou par substitution d'équivalents techniques,' sans sortir pour autant du domaine de protection de l'invention. Finally, the production method according to the invention makes it possible, owing to the very constitution of the connection part, to eliminate any prior bending of the support profiles in the factory, which also results in a reduction in the cost of these profiles. Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described and shown in the appended drawings. Modifications are possible, especially from the perspective of the constitution of various elements or by substituting technical equivalents, 'without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S
1. Procédé de solidarisation d'une masse de ma¬ tière à un support fonctionnel caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste essentiellement à réaliser un coffrage réutili¬ sable (9) de la partie supérieure de la dalle et à mon- ter, retourné, l'ensemble des éléments d'armature Cl) re¬ liés entre eux et aux profilés de support (2), les élé¬ ments d'armature (1) étant montés transversalement par rapport aux profilés (2) , dans ledit coffrage, les profi¬ lés de support (2) étant maintenus de manière à présenter essentiellement leur partie de connexion (3) aux armatu¬ res (1) dans le volume du coffrage (9) à remplir de béton (4).1. Method for securing a mass of material to a functional support, characterized in that it essentially consists in producing a reusable formwork (9) of the upper part of the slab and in mounting, turned upside down, all the reinforcement elements Cl) re¬ linked to each other and to the support profiles (2), the reinforcement elements (1) being mounted transversely to the profiles (2), in said formwork, the support profiles (2) being maintained so as to present essentially their connection part (3) to the reinforcements (1) in the volume of the formwork (9) to be filled with concrete (4).
2. Dispositifs obtenus par application du pro¬ cédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisés en ce qu'ils sont essentiellement constitués par une dalle en béton (4) , dont l'armature (1) est reliée à des profilés de support (2) au moyen de connecteurs (3) faisant partie intégrante desdits profilés (2) et noyés dans le béton (4) , ces dispositifs étant moulés préférentiellement en position retournée.2. Devices obtained by application of the process according to claim 1, characterized in that they essentially consist of a concrete slab (4), the frame (1) of which is connected to support profiles (2) by means of connectors (3) forming an integral part of said sections (2) and embedded in the concrete (4), these devices being preferably molded in the inverted position.
3. Dispositifs, suivant la revendication 2, ca¬ ractérisés en ce que chaque profilé de support (2) com¬ porte une partie de connexion (3) d'un seul tenant avec le profilé (2) et munie, à intervalles réguliers, de dé- coupes (5) destinées à coopérer avec les éléments d'arma¬ ture (1) en vue du logement et/ou de la fixation de ces derniers, tout en assurant la triangulation du profilé (2) entre la semelle dudit profilé (2) et la dalle de bé- ton (4). 3. Devices according to claim 2, ca¬ characterized in that each support profile (2) com¬ carries a connection part (3) integrally with the profile (2) and provided, at regular intervals, of cuts (5) intended to cooperate with the reinforcing elements (1) for the housing and / or the fixing of the latter, while ensuring the triangulation of the profile (2) between the sole of said profile (2) and the concrete slab (4).
4. Dispositifs, suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 2 et 3 , caractérisés en ce que la partie de connexion (3) présente une section constante et s'étend de manière rectiligne sur le profilé de support (2) et ses découpes (5) sont en forme de crochets opposés coopérant par leur fond avec les éléments d'armature (1) librement placés dans lesdits crochets.4. Devices according to any one of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the connection part (3) has a constant section and extends in a rectilinear manner on the support profile (2) and its cutouts (5) are in the form of opposite hooks cooperating at their bottom with the reinforcing elements (1) freely placed in said hooks.
5. Dispositifs, suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 2 et 3 , caractérisés en ce que le profilé de support (2) est constitué sous forme d'un profilé en T, dont l'âme est munie, à intervalles réguliers, de dé¬ coupes (5), sensiblement en queue d'aronde, dont les ex¬ trémités en coin, préférentiellement arrondies, déli i- tant lesdites découpes (5), sont pourvues chacune d'au moins une encoche (6) de logement d'un élément d'armature plat (7) ou d'un ou de plusieurs éléments d'armature ronds accolés.5. Devices according to any one of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the support profile (2) is constituted in the form of a T-profile, the core of which is provided, at regular intervals, with die ¬ sections (5), substantially dovetailed, the corner ends of which are preferably rounded, delineating said cutouts (5), are each provided with at least one notch (6) for housing a flat reinforcing element (7) or one or more adjoining round reinforcing elements.
6. Dispositifs, suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 2, 3 et 5 , caractérisés en ce que les en¬ coches (6) , prévues aux extrémités en coin des découpes (5) de la partie de connexion du profilé (2) coopèrent avec une armature flexible, dont les bords s'insèrent dans lesdites encoches (6). 6. Devices according to any one of claims 2, 3 and 5, characterized in that the notches (6), provided at the corner ends of the cutouts (5) of the connection part of the profile (2) cooperate with a flexible frame, the edges of which fit into said notches (6).
7. Dispositifs, suivant la revendication 2, ca¬ ractérisés en ce que la partie de connexion (3) est cons¬ tituée par un élément ponctuel (8) non linéaire, préfé- rentiellement sous forme d'une pièce de révolution moulée ou sous forme d'une pièce découpée, fixé sur le profilé (2) par soudage et présentant des appendices (10) coopé¬ rant avec des éléments d'armature hélicoïdaux (12).7. Devices according to claim 2, ca¬ acterized in that the connection part (3) is constituted by a point element (8) non-linear, preferably in the form of a molded part of revolution or under shape of a cut piece, fixed to the profile (2) by welding and having appendages (10) cooperating with helical reinforcing elements (12).
8. Dispositifs, suivant l'une quelconque des revendications.2 et 3 , caractérisés en ce que les sec¬ tions (13) de la partie de connexion (3) du profilé de support. (2) comprises entre les découpes (5) sont orien¬ tées alternativement dans des directions opposées par pliage relativement à leur position d'origine et éven¬ tuellement avec torsion.8. Devices according to any one of claims.2 and 3, characterized in that the sec¬ tions (13) of the connection part (3) of the support profile. (2) comprised between the cutouts (5) are alternately oriented in opposite directions by folding relative to their original position and even with torsion.
9. Dispositifs, suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 2 et 3 , caractérisés en -ce que la partie de connexion (3) se présente sous forme d'un fer plat muni de découpes (5 ' ) avec une réservation de logement et de maintien d'un élément d'armature (1) et monté sur un élément profilé (2) à section en I ou en H.9. Devices according to any one of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the connection part (3) is in the form of a flat iron provided with cutouts (5 ') with a housing reservation and holding a reinforcing element (1) and mounted on a profiled element (2) with I or H section.
10. Dispositifs, suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 2 et 3 , caractérisés en ce que le profilé10. Devices according to any one of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the profile
(2) et sa partie de connexion (3) sont avantageusement obtenus, soit par découpe de dents (14) dans l'âme d'un profilé en T, soit encore par découpe symétrique d'un profilé en I ou en H à âme de grande hauteur ou d'un pro- filé reconstitué, soudé, constitué par une semelle et par une âme, l'âme pouvant également être avantageusement on¬ dulée.(2) and its connection part (3) are advantageously obtained, either by cutting teeth (14) in the core of a T-profile, or else by symmetrical cutting of an I or H-profile with a core of great height or of a reconstituted profile, welded, constituted by a sole and by a core, the core also being able to be advantageously waved.
11. Dispositifs, suivant la revendication 2, caractérisés en ce que l'élément de connexion (3) est réalisé directement dans l'une des ailes d'un profilé en I ou en H, par réalisation de découpes dans les bords op¬ posés de ladite aile, qui est noyée dans la masse de bé¬ ton de la dalle.11. Devices according to claim 2, characterized in that the connection element (3) is produced directly in one of the wings of an I or H profile, by making cuts in the edges op¬ posed of said wing, which is embedded in the mass of concrete of the slab.
12. Dispositifs, suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 2, 3, 8 et 10 , caractérisés en ce que les dents (14), obtenues par découpe de l'âme d'un profilé en T ou par découpe symétrique de l'âme d'un profilé en I ou en H, sont orientées alternativement par pliage d'un côté et de l'autre de ladite âme. 12. Devices according to any one of claims 2, 3, 8 and 10, characterized in that the teeth (14), obtained by cutting the core from a T-profile or by symmetrical cutting of the core of an I or H profile, are oriented alternately by folding on one side and the other of said core.
13. Dispositifs, suivant la revendication 2, caractérisés en ce que ïa partie de connexion (3) est réalisée sous forme d'une cornière profilée (15) soudée sur le champ de l'âme d'un support profilé en T, par son arête d'angle. 13. Devices according to claim 2, characterized in that the connection part (3) is produced in the form of a profiled angle iron (15) welded on the field of the core of a T-shaped support, by its corner edge.
14. Dispositifs, suivant la revendication 2, caractérisés en ce que la partie de connexion (3) est réalisée par un élément hélicoïdal (16) coopérant avec des perçages transversaux (17) ménagés, dans l'âme de l'élément profilé (2), près de son bord libre. 14. Devices according to claim 2, characterized in that the connection part (3) is produced by a helical element (16) cooperating with transverse bores (17) formed in the core of the profiled element (2 ), near its free edge.
15. Dispositifs, suivant la revendication 2, caractérisés en ce que la partie de connexion (3) est constituée par des trous oblongs (18) disposés à inter¬ valles réguliers près de l'extrémité libre de l'âme d'un profilé en T ou d'un profilé en I ou en H découpé de ma¬ nière symétrique et s ' étendant parallèlement à ce bord libre ou obliquement à ce dernier, les trous (18) de cet¬ te partie de connexion (3) coopérant avec des armatures (19) de section correspondante enfilées dans lesdits trous (18 ) .15. Devices according to claim 2, characterized in that the connection part (3) is constituted by oblong holes (18) arranged at regular intervals near the free end of the core of a T-profile or of an I or H profile cut symmetrically and extending parallel to this free edge or obliquely to the latter, the holes (18) of this connection part (3) cooperating with armatures (19) of corresponding section threaded into said holes (18).
16. Dispositifs, suivant la revendication 2, caractérisés en ce que le support profilé (2) présente une âme découpée de manière à former des appendices (20) présentant au moins une partie d' encliquetage (21), ces appendices (20) coopérant avec des clips de connexion transversaux (22) présentant une section transversale correspondant à la section des appendices (20).16. Devices according to claim 2, characterized in that the profiled support (2) has a core cut out so as to form appendages (20) having at least one snap-in part (21), these appendages (20) cooperating with transverse connection clips (22) having a cross section corresponding to the section of the appendages (20).
17. Dispositifs, suivant la revendication 2, caractérisés en ce que la partie de connexion (3) présen¬ te une section variable et discontinue sur la longueur du support profilé (2), cette section étant obtenue par dé- formation, à chaud ou à froid, à intervalles réguliers ou non, de l'âme d'un profilé, par laminage ou par forgeage, l'âme du profilé (2) présentant une hauteur réduite et une épaisseur plus importante correspondant • à la déforma¬ tion de la matière, par exemple sous forme d'un bourrelet (25) formant un connecteur pour la masse de béton de la dalle.17. Devices according to claim 2, characterized in that the connection part (3) presents a variable and discontinuous section over the length of the profiled support (2), this section being obtained by deformation, hot or cold, at regular or irregular intervals, of the core of a profile, by rolling or forging, the core of the profile (2) having a reduced height and a greater thickness corresponding to • the deformation of the material, for example in the form of a bead (25) forming a connector for the concrete mass of the slab.
18. Dispositifs, suivant la revendication 2, caractérisés en ce que la partie de connexion (3) est constituée par un fer plat torsadé fixé par, soudage sur un autre fer plat formant le profilé de support.18. Devices according to claim 2, characterized in that the connection part (3) is constituted by a twisted flat iron fixed by welding on another flat iron forming the support profile.
19. Dispositifs, suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 18, caractérisés en ce que les extr¬ émités du profilé de support (2) sont encastrées dans une retombée (26) de la dalle de béton (4) , qui est pourvue, en outre, dans au moins un bord longitudinal, d'une rai¬ nure (27) de logement d'une pièce (28) de reprise des ef- forts tranchants destinée à coopérer avec une rainure correspondante de la dalle voisine.19. Devices according to any one of claims 2 to 18, characterized in that the ends of the support profile (2) are embedded in a drop (26) of the concrete slab (4), which is provided , in addition, in at least one longitudinal edge, a groove (27) for housing a part (28) for taking up the ef- strong cutting edges intended to cooperate with a corresponding groove in the neighboring slab.
20. Dispositifs, suivant l'une quelconque des. revendications 2 à 19 , caractérisés en ce que les profi- lés de support (2) présentent avantageusement un cintrage suivant leur axe longitudinal.20. Devices, according to any one of. Claims 2 to 19, characterized in that the support profiles (2) advantageously have a bending along their longitudinal axis.
21. Dispositifs, suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 20, caractérisés en ce que la partie de connexion (3) des supports profilés (2) et/ou les élé- ments d'armature (1, 7 ou 19) sont avantageusement cons¬ titués en un matériau magnétique ou magnétisé.21. Devices according to any one of claims 2 to 20, characterized in that the connection part (3) of the profiled supports (2) and / or the reinforcing elements (1, 7 or 19) are advantageously made up of a magnetic or magnetized material.
22. Dispositifs, suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 21, caractérisés en ce qu'il sont avantageusement constitués par une masse de matière sous forme de béton et un support fonctionnel formé par des supports profilés, de préférence en acier, relié à des armatures également en acier, noyées dans la masse de ma¬ tière, au moyen d'une partie de connexion également en acier et noyée dans la masse de matière.. - 23. Dispositifs, suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 20, caractérisés en ce que la masse de matière est constituée par un béton synthétique coopérant avec des éléments de support et d'armatures en matière synthétique ou en métal. 24. Dispositifs, suivant la revendication 2, caractérisés en ce que leur face externe est avantageuse¬ ment pourvue d'un revêtement en carreaux de céramique, en prédalles de béton, en moquettes routières ou en un autre revêtement de sols. 25. Procédé de retournement des dispositifs suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il con¬ siste à soulever un dispositif par un ou plusieurs profi¬ lés de sa zone médiane et, après passage à la verticale, le retenir par les profilés de ses zones d'extrémité. 22. Devices according to any one of claims 2 to 21, characterized in that they are advantageously constituted by a mass of material in the form of concrete and a functional support formed by profiled supports, preferably of steel, connected to reinforcements also made of steel, embedded in the mass of material, by means of a connection part also in steel and embedded in the mass of material. - 23. Devices according to any one of claims 2 to 20 , characterized in that the mass of material consists of synthetic concrete cooperating with support elements and reinforcements of synthetic material or metal. 24. Devices according to claim 2, characterized in that their external face is advantageously provided with a covering in ceramic tiles, in concrete slabs, in road carpets or in another floor covering. 25. A method of inverting the devices according to claim 2, characterized in that it consists in lifting a device by one or more profi les from its median zone and, after passing vertically, retaining it by the profiles of its end zones.
PCT/FR1989/000589 1988-11-16 1989-11-16 Method for making integral a mass of material with a functional support, and devices thus obtained WO1990005818A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8815199A FR2639056B1 (en) 1988-11-16 1988-11-16 DEVICE USED IN CIVIL ENGINEERING, MECHANICS, TOOLS FOR CONNECTING A MASS OF MATERIAL TO A FUNCTIONAL SUPPORT
FR88/15199 1988-11-16
FR8903067A FR2643927B1 (en) 1989-03-06 1989-03-06 PREFABRICATED MIXED FRAME CHARACTERIZED BY A CONVERSION FOR TURNING
FR89/03067 1989-03-06
FR8912940A FR2652600A2 (en) 1989-03-06 1989-09-29 Prefabricated composite structure characterised by a reverse-type construction
FR89/12940 1989-09-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1990005818A1 true WO1990005818A1 (en) 1990-05-31

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AT (1) ATE110133T1 (en)
AU (1) AU4637189A (en)
CA (1) CA2003060A1 (en)
DE (1) DE68917560T2 (en)
WO (1) WO1990005818A1 (en)

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EP0369914B1 (en) 1994-08-17
ATE110133T1 (en) 1994-09-15
AU4637189A (en) 1990-06-12
DE68917560T2 (en) 1995-04-20
EP0369914A1 (en) 1990-05-23
DE68917560D1 (en) 1994-09-22
CA2003060A1 (en) 1990-05-16

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