Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
  • A23B4/00—Preservation of meat, sausages, fish or fish products
  • A23B4/06—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
  • A23B4/066—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling the materials not being transported through or in the apparatus with or without shaping, e.g. in the form of powder, granules or flakes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
  • A23B4/00—Preservation of meat, sausages, fish or fish products
  • A23B4/06—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
  • A23B4/066—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling the materials not being transported through or in the apparatus with or without shaping, e.g. in the form of powder, granules or flakes
  • A23B4/068—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling the materials not being transported through or in the apparatus with or without shaping, e.g. in the form of powder, granules or flakes with packages or with shaping in the form of blocks or portions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
  • A23B4/00—Preservation of meat, sausages, fish or fish products
  • A23B4/06—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
  • A23B4/08—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling with addition of chemicals or treatment with chemicals before or during cooling, e.g. in the form of an ice coating or frozen block
  • A23B4/09—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling with addition of chemicals or treatment with chemicals before or during cooling, e.g. in the form of an ice coating or frozen block with direct contact between the food and the chemical, e.g. liquid N2, at cryogenic temperature

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for freezing biological tissues, and more particularly to an improvement in a freezing method suitable for foods such as fish, meat, fruits and vegetables.
• the biological tissue to be frozen such as meat, fish or leafy vegetables, fruits, etc.
• the maximum ice temperature is in the range of 11 ° C to -5 ° C.
• the water in these biological crystals crystallizes in a needle-like manner, and the grown crystals form cells of the biological tissue.
• the fibers or cell membranes may be damaged or destroyed.
• the food since the food is not frozen, its cells, fibers, cell membranes or contact membranes are in a soft state, and are liable to be damaged during the process of distribution.
• Another method is to immerse the biological system in an ultra-low temperature liquid such as liquid nitrogen and rapidly freeze it.
• an ultra-low temperature liquid such as liquid nitrogen
• Such a method is unsuitable for freezing meat, fish and the like. That is, organisms such as meat and fish can be directly or liquid-synthesized in liquid nitrogen.
• a container such as a tissue
• the s degree difference between the outside and the inside of the biological tissue increases because it is cooled very quickly. Since the strain is generated by this difference in temperature, a problem arises in that the biological tissue is crushed.
• liquid nitrogen when using a very low-temperature liquid such as liquid nitrogen to freeze biological tissues, the biological tissues must first be slowly dissolved in low-nitrogen gas at the top of the liquid nitrogen container.
• a possible method is to freeze the solution and then immerse it in liquid nitrogen.
• liquid nitrogen has a high production cost, is easily vaporized, and is gradually vaporized while stored in a container, resulting in a large loss.
• nitrogen which has become a gas, has a specific gravity of air. Since it is smaller, the diffusion rate into air is high. Therefore, freezing with liquid nitrogen is very costly, and is conventionally used only for some expensive meats and fishes.
• the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and uses a liquid crystal nitrogen without passing through a maximum water crystal formation temperature zone in a short time to obtain a needle-like shape. Generate ice crystals
• the organism to be frozen can be frozen without damaging or damaging the cells, fibers, cell membranes or membranes of the organism to be frozen.
• the aim is to provide a method for freezing the preserved organisms.
• the present invention achieves the above-mentioned object by immersing a living organism in an antifreeze solution cooled in 16 to 17 and freezing it.
• the above object is achieved by adjusting the pH and osmotic pressure of the antifreeze solution to be equal to the PH and osmotic pressure of the biological tissue to be frozen.
• the above-mentioned object is achieved by putting biological relaxation into a container and immersing it in an antifreeze solution which has been cooled at a temperature of 6150 ⁇ to freeze it.
• the liquid is put into the container together with the liquid whose pH and osmotic pressure have been adjusted to be equal to the pH and osmotic pressure of the organism to be frozen, and immersed in the antifreeze in this state for the above purpose. Is to achieve.
• the container is put in the container together with an aqueous solution of a glycerin derivative containing glycerin or an ester having a concentration of about 20%, and then immersed in the antifreeze to freeze it. This achieves the above objectives.
• the above object is achieved by adjusting the pH and osmotic pressure of the aqueous solution of glycerin or the glycerin derivative to be equal to the PH and osmotic pressure of the organism to be frozen. You It is ruo.
• the saltwater fish may be combined with a seawater solution of a glycerin or a derivative of glycerin containing ester at a concentration of 0.1 to 20%. Then, the above-mentioned purpose is achieved by putting the sample in a container and immersing it in the above-mentioned antifreeze to freeze it.
• the biological tissue is made into leafy vegetables, and the leafy vegetables are wrapped with a water-absorbing material and put in the above-mentioned container. In this state, the leafy vegetables are immersed in the above-mentioned antifreeze and frozen. It achieves its purpose.
• the above-mentioned object is achieved by using the antifreeze as ethyl alcohol or water or a salt solution thereof.
• the biological parent is pre-cooled and cooled to a temperature range immediately adjacent to the maximum water crystal formation temperature zone, and then immersed in the antifreeze to freeze. That is to achieve.
• the conventional method is that meat, fish, etc. are frozen by low-temperature air, whereas the antifreeze, that is, the specific heat is reduced by air. Since the biological system is cooled S1 by a liquid which is about 20 times as large as that of the biological coarse tissue, it does not instantaneously pass through the maximum ice crystal formation temperature zone of the biological coarse tissue to form needle-like ice crystals. Therefore, the water in the living organism is frozen in a granular state, and the cells, fibers, cell membranes or fibrous membranes are not damaged or destroyed.
• the antifreeze is used as an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol, which is used at a temperature below -6, which varies depending on the temperature of the ethylene glycol. Then, creatures such as meat, fish, etc. are immersed in them and frozen.
• the amount of this ethyl alcohol is appropriately selected according to the size of the biological system to be frozen, that is, fish, meat, and the like.
• the specific heat of a liquid is about 20 times that of air, and its ripening conductivity is larger than that of air.
• the living organism when a liquid is used, the living organism can be cooled at a rate about 20 times that of the air.
• the maximum ice crystal formation zone between 11 and 15 cm passes in a very short time, and the intercellular moisture is reduced. There is no room to grow into needle-like crystals, and they freeze in granular form.
• cells and fibers of living organisms are formed by needle-shaped crystals.
• the cell membrane or fibrous membrane is not damaged or destroyed.
• biological tissues are instantaneously cooled down to a very low temperature, they adhere to them, for example, Bordetella, Eri iveras, Levtos villa, Brumora, and grape. It kills most bacteria such as staphylococci, streptococci, and Escherichia coli, and has a much higher bacteriostatic action after freezing than other freezing methods.
• ethylene glycol or an aqueous solution thereof is used as an antifreeze, but ethylene glycol is also used under the Japanese Food Sanitation Law. It is approved for use, safe and harmless.
• relatively small freshwater fish for example, stations, youths, etc.
• a sealed package such as a synthetic resin film together with an aqueous solution of about 2% glycerin. And then put it in the antifreeze Freeze by immersing in.
• the glycerin coating covers and protects the fish cells or the cell membrane, and the glycerin aqueous solution conducts cooling and ripening in the package. It can be frozen quickly at almost the same speed as when freshwater fish is directly immersed in antifreeze, and it is convenient to handle.
• the seawater is placed in a hermetically sealed package made of synthetic resin film or the like together with a 2% concentration of glycerin seawater solution. Put the fish and immerse it in antifreeze to freeze it. Furthermore, for the freezing of small fish less than a few cm, such as soft fish, albino or white fish, such as soft fish, soft fish, station, etc., use a 0.1% glycerin seawater solution or an aqueous solution.
• large fish for example, ⁇ , ⁇ , bonito, etc.
• a package of synthetic resin film for example, ⁇ , ⁇ , bonito, etc.
• a 2% concentration glycerin solution of water is injected, and immersed in the antifreeze to freeze.
• citric acid or the like.
• salt water such as seawater may be used.
• the organism to be frozen is immersed in antifreeze as it is, when it is used alone or in a package such as a synthetic resin film, or with a glycerin solution as described above.
• the minimum temperature of the antifreeze is different from that in the case where the antifreeze is frozen by being immersed in antifreeze.
• the leafy vegetables are frozen by immersion in antifreeze.
• the moisture contained in the air in the sealed container does not adhere to the surface of the leafy vegetables, and the so-called frost and damage of the leafy vegetables due to the adhesion is prevented. Be done.
• root vegetables such as wasabi and ginseng are frozen using an aqueous glycerin solution having a concentration of about 2% in the same manner as in the case of the freshwater fish.
• fungi such as matsutake mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms
• pine or pine needle chips are put together with matsutake mushrooms in a sealed container, and the sealed container is immersed in antifreeze to freeze.
• the biological tissue prior to the freezing as described above, the biological tissue is cooled in advance to a position immediately near the maximum ice crystal formation temperature zone, and then immersed in antifreeze and frozen as described above. In addition, it can rapidly pass through the maximum ice crystal formation zone. Also, if the biological crude is pre-cooled, the thermal damage when immersed in antifreeze is Because there is less shock, a lower temperature antifreeze can be used.
• the temperature of the antifreeze rises due to the infiltration of living organisms, but the temperature rise is small if the biological crude is pre-cooled as much as possible. Furthermore, since the pre-cooling gives less thermal shock to the biological tissue, the antifreeze can be made lower, so that the temperature rise of the antifreeze can be suppressed. This is the case.
• the antifreeze was cooled to 1-150, but this temperature is appropriately selected depending on the type of biological tissue to be frozen.
• the glycerin ralarity is 0.1%.
• it is not limited to 2%, but according to experiments, it was confirmed that it was effective in the range of 0.1 to 20%.
• the antifreeze was used as ethyl alcohol or this water or seawater solution, but the present invention is not limited to this. Instead, it is only necessary that the material has a certain degree of hydrophilicity and does not freeze in the range of 16 to 115 ° C.
• antifreeze containing propylene glycol alcohol-based antifreeze such as ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, etc.
• Alcohol-based antifreeze such as ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, etc.
• Sodium chloride An aqueous solution or an aqueous solution of potassium chloride may be used.
• Toxic antifreeze such as methyl alcohol should only be used when freezing biological organisms in sealed containers.
• the cooling temperature of the antifreeze in the case of directly immersing the living organism is set at 16 to 19, but the upper limit of 1 is defined as the maximum permanent crystal formation temperature range. is determined 'constant from the relationship, and one 7 9 e C is rapidly frozen if the organism ⁇ , this is because there is no Ji raw grinding phenomenon similar organizations and when immersed in liquid nitrogen or the like It is determined from the limit value of
• the lower limit of the cold S3 temperature of the antifreeze when the biological tissue is immersed in the antifreeze in a sealed container made of a synthetic resin film or the like is set at 150. Is an antifreeze that is normally hard to vaporize and is determined from possible eye values.
• glycerin is used, but this is not limited to glycerin, but may be an ester other than glycerin.
• the liquid to be put in the sealed container together with the biological tissue is not limited to a solution such as glycerin, as long as it is adjusted to be substantially the same as the pH and osmotic pressure of the biological tissue.
• the leaf vegetables are wrapped in a water-absorbing material, and air is drawn out of the sealed container to dehumidify and deoxygenate.
• dehumidification, dehydration, or deoxygenation may be performed by enclosing the dehumidifier and oxygen absorber in a sealed container. Also, they may be used together.
• dehumidifier and an oxygen absorber are not limited to leafy vegetables, and can be used for freezing other biological tissues.
• Needle-like crystals can prevent damage or destruction of cells, fibers, cell membranes or fibrous membranes of biological tissues, and therefore, the biological crude is fresh without losing its taste. It can be stored frozen for a long time.
• the above-mentioned freezing can be performed continuously and in large amounts at a low cost.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Freezing, Cooling And Drying Of Foods (AREA)
• Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Cited By (3)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 1988
  • 1988-04-08 WO PCT/JP1988/000354 patent/WO1989009548A1/ja not_active Ceased
  • 1988-04-08 JP JP63-503091A patent/JPH078222B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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