Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method. for the air conditioning of work, living or common rooms, in particular in residential or office buildings, schools, hotels, congress and / or exhibition halls, theaters, cinemas, hospitals, laboratories, storage and / or breeding rooms, indoor halls, swimming pools or the like and affects
• a component for erecting or cladding floors, ceilings or walls of work, living or recreation rooms in buildings of the type described above which is particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to the first overarching inventive idea.
• air conditioning systems are individually assigned to each room, which suck in fresh air from the outside environment, condition it, i.e. bring it to a certain temperature and / or relative humidity, and then via a usually with a controllable closure element , such as a folding blind or the like, more or less closable outlet grille in the room to be air-conditioned.
• underfloor heating is known to be particularly suitable, if these are to be heated, since this ensures that the heat is supplied from below and rises to the top with little use of energy and thus is available there to a sufficient extent stands where it is used as far as possible or is felt to be particularly beneficial.
• underfloor heating systems are practically impossible to achieve with the known types of room air conditioning, since on the one hand the outflow grilles are downright scraper and scraper and would be contaminated very quickly, and the dirt is whirled up by the relatively high outflow speed of the supplied air and is extremely harmful to health as dust would be carried into the room, but on the other hand the draft coming from below would also lead to nuisance and the risk of health damage when it was clean.
• this feeling of comfort which is expressive especially for people as a feeling, but equally for machines, such as computers, is expressed in increased functional reliability with reduced susceptibility to faults and significantly longer maintenance intervals, not only from the temperature and possibly moisture distribution depends on a certain representative cross-section of the room to be air-conditioned, but also essentially on the temperature distribution over a certain boundary surface of this room, such as a wall of the same, on which the local distribution of the relative humidity of the relevant zones of the neighboring room atmosphere can also depend. This is not satisfactory, although no solution for eliminating this inconvenience is yet available.
• the invention is therefore based on the object of a possibility. create, with simple and inexpensive and otherwise practically everywhere inexpensive means while avoiding the disadvantages of known types of air conditioning of work, living or common rooms of the type described, this gaseous medium, such as warm or cold air with or without a predetermined (r) relative (r) Moisture, and to be able to withdraw this again, without the risk of noise or draft-related nuisance or even health damage, rather under the same timely avoidance of dust development significantly improves the room climate and thus the comfort of people, animals or plants present in such rooms as well as sensitive machines such as computers, can be increased significantly both when heating and cooling such rooms, especially in the interest of one
• Such an improvement in room hygiene and the conditions of residence caused by temperature distribution, both during initial installation and by means of retrofitting, should not only be able to create ceiling or wall heating or cooling, but also floor heating or cooling with the same advantageous properties.
• the gaseous medium in at least one in the floor and / or at least one wall and / or the ceiling of the air conditioner Space molded channel kept in flow and is supplied to or withdrawn from this space via at least one wall area communicating with this channel or these channels and acting as a large-area outflow throttle that is permeable to this gaseous medium.
• the gaseous medium can expediently be supplied to or withdrawn from the room to be air-conditioned over at least a substantial area of the floor and / or at least one wall and / or the ceiling. Furthermore, it has proven to be preferable in the interest of a particular homogenization of the supply of the gaseous medium if it is supplied to or withdrawn from the room to be air-conditioned via porous material in the room-side area of the floor and / or at least one wall and / or the ceiling.
• the gaseous medium can preferably be supplied or withdrawn from the room to be air-conditioned with practically the same pressure over the length of its associated flow path.
• the invention provides, according to its second superordinate inventive concept directed at a component for the erection or cladding of floors, ceilings or walls of work, living or recreation rooms in buildings to be air-conditioned in buildings of the type described at the outset by at least one of the properties adjoining the component by means of a gaseous medium to be supplied or withdrawn for the component, preferably fresh air with pre-pollinated temperature and / or relative.
• Damp, permeable, large-area outflow restrictor characterizes the wind chamber area.
• the gaseous medium such as conditioned air
• the invention proposes a corresponding component which not only fulfills these conditions and also the initial construction of floors, ceilings or walls of buildings of the type described, but also the clothing can be retrofitted for the retrofitting of an air conditioning system according to the invention and effectively not only avoids the disadvantages of conventional air conditioning methods with regard to the aesthetic external appearance of the rooms to be air conditioned and the production costs, but also with regard to noise pollution, because on the one hand Sound-space-forming and oscillatable cavities are avoided in principle, as are higher flow velocities of the gaseous medium in the guide channel or the guide channels for this and when entering and leaving the room to be air-conditioned.
• a component according to a subordinate concept of the invention may be particularly expedient which has at least one guide channel for gaseous medium, which is arranged in a different plane than at least one further guide channel for gaseous medium.
• At least one feed channel for gaseous medium can be created in a small space at the same time as at least one discharge channel for this, which not only allows adjustments can be achieved in a confined space in a simple manner, but also have the production costs not insignificantly reduced.
• the guide channel or at least one of the guide channels for the gaseous medium can be designed as a blind hole with only one inflow opening or only one outflow opening for the latter.
• Such components are intended as closure elements of an arrangement of at least one, but usually a plurality of, component (s) forming a guide channel or a plurality of guide channels.
• the invention also provides components in which the guide channel or at least one of the guide channels for the gaseous medium has openings which open to opposite end faces and / or to adjacent end faces of the component.
• Components of this type are intended as a type of normal element for the creation of the air conditioning system according to the invention if the guide channel or channels has openings or openings which open towards one another and also adjacent end faces.
• the opening of the guide channel or all guide channels takes place, on the other hand, only on opposite end faces of the component, then it is a directional element for the formation of longer guide channel sections without a branch, in the case of a component at least one guide channel opens on opposite end faces thereof, while at least one A further guide channel opens towards the opposite and adjacent end faces of the same, which results in a preferred edge element for the climate tization system according to the invention usable element.
• Another design results in a preferred distributor element if at least one guide channel is provided, which opens out on opposite end faces of the component, but has at least two branches offset laterally to one another, which open out on opposite end faces, which lead to the end faces into which the guide channel or the guide channels from which these branches branch off, lie adjacent.
• one or two end faces of the component which are opposite one another or two which are adjacent to one another are free of each mouth of a guide channel for the gaseous medium.
• a component can also have three of its end faces free of each mouth of a guide channel for the gaseous medium.
• a deflection element which can be used particularly in the creation of meandering guide channels for the gaseous medium, in that it is used as the end element of a guide channel through which it is diverted into an adjacent guide channel.
• the component can be made in one piece, the air chamber or the guide channel or the guide channels for the gaseous medium being or being designed as a tube (s).
• Such components have a comparatively high strength paired with a good moment of resistance to bending and torsion in all directions and are therefore particularly well suited for the initial installation of floors or walls in the room to be air-conditioned or for the subsequent pulling in of non-load-bearing intermediate or room partition walls, for example for the purpose of dividing a large space in an office building to suit the office space requirements.
• such components can also be used advantageously in other ways.
• the component can be made in one piece, the air chamber or the guide channel or the guide channels for the gaseous medium being or being designed as a channel (s) which, when the component is in the installed state, through the part carrying it of the building, namely its floor or ceiling or wall is or will be covered.
• Such a component can preferably be used either in the first erection of the floor of a room on a suitably prepared surface, such as a concrete ceiling, or in the construction of a wall as a relatively low load-bearing wall stiffening component, if it is permanently attached to it, for example by means of mortar is connected, or it can equally preferably be used as a pure attachment element by means of retrofitting, it not needing to be included in the load-bearing composite. It is also well suited as a ceiling element, especially if it is used to install a false ceiling or to clad an existing load-bearing ceiling by retrofitting.
• Such a component naturally does not have the load-bearing capacity of a component in principle of the same design, but in which the wind chamber space or the guide channel or the guide channels for the gaseous medium as a tube (s) trained or are, however, brings with it the advantage of simpler and more convenient production, which can pay off particularly wherever unskilled labor is available to a large extent and / or the purchasing power of the air conditioning systems created for use in accordance with the invention Coming customer groups is too small to be able to cope with more complex components manufactured according to the invention and correspondingly more expensive.
• another alternative subordinate inventive concept provides that the component is designed in two parts with a lower shell and an upper shell and the wind chamber or the guide channel or the guide channels for the gaseous medium is or are designed as a groove (s) in the lower shell and / or upper shell, which is or will be covered by the other shell.
• the component can be in two parts with a lower shell with at least one guide channel for the gaseous medium in the form of a channel which is in the installed state of the component is open towards the room side, and can be designed with an approximately plate-shaped cover part which is permeable to this gaseous medium and which can be fixed on the lower shell covering the groove (s).
• the cover part can be made as a perforated board made of wood, in particular veneer, cardboard, plastic, in particular with a wood grain surface finish and / or thick veneer, plastic foam, preferably stiffened textile material, leather, fiber cement board, in particular with embedded and drawn large fibers, metal or Ceramic material or the like.
• the cover part can also expediently be used as a tenter frame with a covering made of perforated paper or plastic wallpaper, wood veneer or plastic film, in particular with a wood grain surface finish and / or veneer thickness, plastic foam, natural or plastic fleece material, perforated leather or fur, textile fabric or the like.
• the cover part on the front side of the room Lower shell can be fixed to the lower shell by means of blind holes opening into it and engaging push buttons, latching elements or the like, or by means of at least two mutually opposite end faces of the lower shell, at least partially encompassing fastening elements.
• the fastening elements of the cover part can preferably be designed as staples or claws or the like, or else as resilient finger elements or the like which extend across the assigned end face of the lower shell.
• the fastening elements of the cover part can preferably be designed as bends or extensions of the same extending with an inclination relative to the associated end face of the lower shell.
• a component according to the invention has at least one groove encircling its end faces or the end faces of its lower shell and / or its upper shell for receiving a Spring element of a tongue and groove connection for its alignment with one or more additional component (s) or for its fixing and / or, securing its fixing on the floor or on a wall or on the ceiling of the room to be air-conditioned or a frame of the or the same.
• spring elements engaging between two adjacent components of this embodiment are inserted into their mutually opposite grooves, a continuous spring element or a plurality of spring elements being able to be assigned to a joint formed by these mutually opposite end edge surfaces of the adjacent components.
• the spring elements can have recesses at the points where they would cover guide channels for gaseous medium opening into the relevant end face, which ensure corresponding communication of the guide channel of a component according to the invention with that of the neighboring component.
• the spring element instead of specifically designed as an end piece or as an edge element to effect the frontal closure of one or more guide channels, for which purpose the spring element in each case has no such recess.
• the spring elements can be used for sole or additional fastening of the components to, for example, a load-bearing wall or ceiling or the like, by fixing their ends near the wall or ceiling to the load-bearing component in question. This can be done, for example, by walling or mortaring these spring element ends into the load-bearing composite, and this is regardless of whether or not the components according to the invention are also fixed to them by appropriate grouting or mortaring.
• the spring elements can also be fixed to this load-bearing composite by screwing on or nailing on or in another suitable manner, such as also by gluing.
• the component or the lower shell and / or the upper shell of the same can preferably have a bulge on at least one of its end faces, by means of which it can be aligned with and / or on one or more further component (s) or can be fixed and / or secured on the floor or on a wall or on the ceiling of the room to be air-conditioned or on a frame of the same, the bulge (if there is a version with at least one groove) en) is or are provided on the end side opposite the end face associated with the groove (s).
• the groove can have a rectangular or triangular or trapezoidal cross-section which widens towards the associated end face of the component or the lower shell and / or the upper shell thereof.
• the component can advantageously have a recess in at least one of its inner surfaces delimiting an edge-side wind chamber space or guide channel for the gaseous medium for receiving a hook. or angular floor, wall or ceiling fixed support element for its alignment with one or more further component (s) and / or for its fixing and / or securing its fixing on the floor or on a wall or on the ceiling of the room to be air-conditioned or a surround thereof .
• the recess can preferably be reinforced by a circuit board made of metal or plastic or also other material, such as wood or the like, with an engagement slot and / or rear engagement surface for the hook-shaped or angular support element.
• a further alternative of the same which can also be used on its own or in combination with one or both of the alternatives of the last-described subordinate inventive concept described above, is characterized in that the component is provided with at least one of its end faces or at least one of the end faces of its lower shell their floor or wall or ceiling near outer surface to the floor or wall or ceiling near surface of the component or lower shell of the same protruding over the respective end face (s).
• Retaining tongue made of metal or plastic or the like is armored, with which the armored side of the component or lower shell of the same is reached by reaching behind a hook-shaped or angled floor or wall or ceiling-fixed support element aligned to one or more other component (s) and / or fixed and / or secured on the floor or on a wall or on the ceiling of the room to be air-conditioned.
• this embodiment like the previously described alternative, provides a type of double locking of two adjacent components with and with respect to one another in their working position, which makes separate definitions of each component unnecessary.
• the component according to the invention can be formed at least partially from heat storage material. If it is made in two parts, at least its lower shell can expediently be formed at least partially from heat storage material.
• the air conditioning system according to the invention can also take on the function of heating or cooling at the same time, so that other types of devices can be dispensed with.
• a useful development of the invention according to another Subordinate inventive idea is characterized by the fact that the component or at least its upper shell, at least in its or the wind chamber space or the guide channel or the guide channels for the gaseous medium on the room side bounding wall areas made of prosem material with capillary and / or pore-shaped passages for gaseous Medium is formed.
• the component or at least its upper shell can expediently be formed from granular material at least in his or her wall regions delimiting the air chamber or the guide channel or the guide channels for the gaseous medium on the room side.
• the regions of the component or its upper and / or lower shell formed from granular material can have a mixture of grains of approximately spherical or drop-shaped configuration and / or angular configuration, preferably with a broken or ground grain structure.
• These areas can in addition to such granular material or instead of plastic beads preferably have a diameter of about 2 to 5 mm, the surface by melting by means of a hot air blast or by passing solvent through the granular material superficially with similar plastic beads or other components of the granular material are connected.
• an alternative embodiment to this is characterized in that the areas of the component or its upper and / or lower shell formed from granular material preferably have pumice pebble quarry machined on rounded edges with washed-in quartz sand grains and aluminum powder, the grain bond being achieved by washed-in lime milk and hardening in the steam .
• Such a component according to the invention is characterized by a particularly good Feinpordgkeit and is preferably suitable as a component for the creation of floors, because due to this fine porosity fresh air from below through the pores into the room to be air conditioned, dust on the floor od However, the like is prevented from penetrating into the material of the component and the guide channel for the gaseous medium.
• the areas of the same or its upper and / or lower shell formed from granular material preferably have slag broken, in particular blast furnace slag, processed on rounded edges, such slag brucli material alone or as an addition to others , for example also the materials already explained above, can be used.
• Moisture has proven particularly useful in which the areas of the component or its upper and / or lower shell grains formed from granular material, in turn, have a finely fissured surface and / or a material structure which has pores or capillaries opening towards it.
• These grains can expediently be expanded clay granules and / or granules made from low-fired clay.
• Moisture is bound and stored, so that it can later be released by evaporation in a self-adjusting manner through the room temperature of the room to be air-conditioned, so that there is always a pleasant relative humidity in the room, which is the prerequisite not only for a healthy room climate, but also is also for a good feeling of comfort.
• the desired relative room air humidity can also be achieved with components of this type according to the invention by facing the room to be air-conditioned Water is sprayed onto the outer surface of the components, which then adheres to the surface structure and is stored by it, in order to then evaporate again into the room to be air-conditioned.
• there is also an advantageous side effect of a certain compensatory cooling effect which contributes to the comparison of the indoor climate via the evaporation cold that arises.
• components according to the invention with an application or covering on the room side can be useful, at least the wall regions of the component or its upper and / or lower shell made of heat storage material that do not delimit the air boiler space or the guide channel or the guide channels for the gaseous medium, wherein the component in these areas is formed from material that does not have particularly prominent heat storage properties and can only have such an application or covering made of material with particularly good heat storage properties or can also be formed from heat storage material in the named areas and then an order or Covering made of heat storage material with different heat storage properties can have.
• the component is made of material at least in some areas, preferably in its wall regions delimiting the air chamber or the guide channel or the guide channels for the gaseous medium on the room side Compared to its side away from the room, a higher thermal conductivity is formed, whereby it is particularly advisable for components with a two-shell design if their upper shell, at least in some areas, preferably in their wind chamber spaces.
• the guide channel or the guide channels for gaseous medium on the room side delimiting wall regions is formed from a material having a higher thermal conductivity than the material of the lower shell.
• air supply or discharge properties For example, it may be desirable if warm or cold air is not supplied above a height of about 2 m, or if at certain points on a wall or ceiling, such as behind a picture or closet or the like, no fresh air is blown in or drawn off.
• the invention provides components according to another subordinate inven tion with an application or coating preventing the passage of gaseous medium or covering the wind chamber or the guide channel or at least one of the guide channels for the gaseous medium delimiting wall areas of the component or its upper and / or lower shell on the room side. It can be seen that, accordingly, from the original choice of material The same shape and shape are used to produce components, of which only the part which is supposed to be unsuitable for the passage of gaseous medium, with the corresponding application or coating preventing it, delimits the guide channel or at least one of the guide channels for the gaseous medium on the room side , that is mostly covering wall areas.
• the outflow or inflow barrier in components according to the invention can also be achieved by at least one panel-shaped cover element which is impermeable to this or at least its upper shell and which at least covers its regions permeable to gaseous medium. earth.
• this cover element can expediently be located on the rough front side of the component or its upper shell, for example by means of blind holes opening towards it and engaging push buttons, latching elements or the like, or by means of at least two mutually opposite end faces of the component or. its upper shell, at least partially original fastening elements, can be fixed on this or these.
• these fastening elements of the cover element can expediently be designed as staples or claws or the like, or else as resilient finger ducks or the like spanning over the assigned end face of the component or at least the upper shell thereof.
• the fastening elements can expediently be designed as bends or extensions of the cover element which run with an inclination relative to the associated end face of the component or at least the upper shell thereof.
• this can be achieved by covering the surface areas of the component or its upper and / or lower shell or the cover element which are to be blocked for the passage of gaseous medium Material, such as a spray or dip coating made of synthetic resin, or other suitable material. This ensures a particularly efficient and economical manufacture of such components according to the invention.
• This embodiment of the invention is also preferably suitable for retrofitting and retrofitting, in particular in the case of those air-conditioning systems according to the invention in which the components have cover parts which can be removed from their lower shells and in particular an existing air-conditioning system according to the invention with regard to the same to shorten or lengthen rooms to be air-conditioned, since both conversion measures along the length of the flow path for the gaseous medium also determine the flow resistance at its large outflow or inflow throttle surface as a pressure gradient and, via this, determine the outflowing amount of the gaseous medium. If one had the relevant flow restrictors in the flow path of the gaseous medium through mortar accumulations or the like in. Flow path would cause a mechanical removal of the solidified mortar material, for example by chiselling or the like.
• the invention lends itself to retrofitting rooms with existing air conditioning systems of the conventional design described at the outset without the need for the usually very labor-intensive, dirty and cost-intensive tearing out of existing gas or, in particular, for.
• B. air outlet devices by the fact that it is extremely simple and economically possible by the invention to cover the outlet openings of one or more such devices with one or more component (s) so that at least one according to the invention by one or more large z.
• B. Cover outflow openings in association with the gas space or gas spaces of the the components (s) created according to the invention is created from which the gaseous medium flows in or flows into the space to be air-conditioned or is drawn off therefrom with the substantially reduced flow velocity due to the wall areas acting as large-area flow restrictors.
• Fig. 1 is an end view of a one-piece
• Fig. 2 shows on a smaller scale the arrangement of another, two-part embodiment of the invention on a wall, wherein several such adjacent components are shown in the section and in the middle, the upper shell shown basically in the end view is cut in several areas to different here To clarify design options for these, in particular by using different materials,
• FIG. 11 shows an end view of two other embodiments of the invention which are laid adjacent to one another, for example as a floor covering,
• FIG. 12 in the representation according to FIG. 2 corresponding representation another form of a walled-in component according to the invention with a cover part of the guide channels for gaseous medium carried by a tensioning frame in the lower shell of the same, this cover part also having different design options in part cut areas of the same are reproduced,
• Fig. 13 in front view, the two mutually associated end regions of two adjacent components according to the invention in arrangement on a wall composite, a different type of cover part of these two components and a graded arrangement of the same is shown, which is particularly od or also for ceiling cladding in the manner of a cassette ceiling etc. is suitable,
• FIG. 14 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 13, the front view of an end region of another embodiment of a component according to the invention with guide channels for gaseous medium arranged in two planes, and
• FIGS. 3 to 5 are basically made in one piece and in any case has two guide channels 3 for gaseous medium. This can be done at for example, according to one of the arrangements shown schematically in FIGS. 3 to 5.
• the guide channels 3a or 3b or 3c or 3d for gaseous medium which are each formed here as grooves, are arranged in pairs parallel to one another and thereby crossing one another in pairs are that the two vertical guide channels 3a, 3c in a common end face of the component inlet openings 6a and 6c for the gaseous medium and to the opposite end side of the component have open outlet openings 6a 'and 6c', while the pair of those intended for horizontal flow Guide channels 3b and 3d, with respect to the guide channels 3a and 3c, have inflow orifices 6b and 6d opening in respective adjacent end faces of the component and corresponding outflow orifices 6b 'and 6d' on the opposite side. All end faces of the component are thus each equipped with two guide channel openings 6a, 6c or 6b, 6d or 6a ', 6c' or 6b ', 6d'.
• the arrangement of the guide channels for gaseous medium is made in principle in the same way, but in such a way that here two opposite end faces of the component are free of any orifices.
• the guide channels 3a and 3c which then act as a horizontal guide for the gaseous medium, for vertical guidance of the gaseous medium or with a corresponding arrangement of the component rotated by 90 °, with their inflow openings 6a or 6c on one end face and the outflow openings 6a 'or 6c 'on the end face opposite this are given here.
• 4 also shows the alternative use of an insert element 8 between the two guide channels 3a, 3c shown here as communicating, in dashed lines, to isolate them from each other.
• the component according to FIG. 4 can also be inserted in its upper connection channel near the inflow by means of an insert 8 of the same type or else a continuous central wall integrated into the component from the original creation; (not shown) are sealed off from each other.
• the arrangement of the guide channels for gaseous medium is basically the same as that of the normal element according to FIG. 3, but here in such a way that one end face of the component is free of any mouth openings of guide channels remains.
• two guide channels 3a and 3c intended for vertical or with a correspondingly rotated arrangement of the component for horizontal conduction of the gaseous medium, are again provided, but here, too, further transverse channels 3b and 3d are provided, which open on the end face of the component 6b 'and 6d' adjacent to the mouth openings 6c or 6c ', but which have no opening on the opposite side, on which the edge wall without an opening is located.
• insert elements 8 can be used to achieve certain specific gas flows in this component according to the invention, one of which is shown in dashed lines blocking the guide channel 3c.
• FIG. 6 shows a component in which this applies to two adjacent end faces.
• the guide channel 3a merges into the guide channel 3d within the component.
• the other guide channels and their front openings have the same designation as in FIGS. 3 to 5.
• FIG. 7 in turn shows an embodiment of a component according to the invention which is referred to as a distributor element.
• a guide channel 3b with inflow opening 6b and outflow opening 6b 'on the opposite end face, while the guide channels 3a and 3c extend from it in the lateral direction and open outward via openings 6a and 6c' on opposite end faces of the component, wherein the channel 3c has a flow connection to the mouth opening 6a of the guide channel 3a via a flow channel 3d which does not open to the outside.
• FIG. 8 shows a deflecting element in which three end faces are free of orifices, so that the guide channel 3a having an orifice 6a 'is diverted via the guide channel 3d into the guide channel 3c which also has an orifice 6c' on the same side.
• a component can be advantageous for the creation of meandering flow lines, for example for air in a ceiling or a. Floor, but certainly also in a wall, if this is desired, by simply combining such a component with a similar component or other components with, for example, a straight-line guiding function in a semi-staggered arrangement.
• FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment of a component according to the invention referred to as an end element.
• This also has three muzzle-free end faces, namely that two guide channels 3e are provided, which have muzzle openings 6e on only one side and penetrate into the body of the component like a blind hole.
• the mouth openings 6e can lie on the same end face or, as indicated by dash-dotted lines, also on opposite end faces. In such a case, the component is then only free of muzzle openings on two opposite end faces.
• Fig. 10 illustrates an embodiment of a component according to the invention, in which only a cavity designated here 7 is provided, which can certainly be used as a guide channel for gaseous medium, but is not intended for this purpose, but rather in the course of creating an air conditioning system from components
• a cavity designated here 7 can serve, for example, to provide the receiving cavities for electrical sockets, switches or the like on a particular field of a wall of a room to be air-conditioned, the area of solid material adjacent to the cavity 7 coinciding with it Ideal as a connection area for door and window panels, wall cupboards or the like.
• the guide channels for gaseous medium can be designed as channels, which are then designated in each case with 3 hours.
• the guide channels for gaseous medium can also be designed as tubes 3f or 3g molded into the material of the component 1. Regardless of whether the guide channels are now in the form of channels or tubes molded into the material of the component according to the invention, their arrangement can be made as illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 10, for example.
• the single-shell component 1 shows a type of fixing such a component to a part of a building designated 10, which delimits a room to be air-conditioned and can be a wall or the ceiling or the floor of such a room.
• the single-shell component 1 is placed on, for example, the already existing wall 10 in such a way that its open channel-shaped guide channels 3h come to rest against the wall 10.
• the component can be fixed to the wall by means of mortar or the like. Also Gluing or nailing or fixing with screw connections is possible. In the latter two cases, however, it would then be expedient if, at suitable points, the construction element had corresponding through holes through which a corresponding nail or a screw would have to be driven.
• the component has a receiving groove 29 running around its end faces for a spring element 30 of a tongue and groove connection.
• a tongue and groove connection is expedient, if only because the orientation of adjacent components is automatically guided when they are applied to a wall 10 or the like in such a way that it is always so correct that these components are on the room side with their own Aligning surfaces to one another, on the other hand, also brings about a certain surface bond by holding adjacent components relative to one another.
• the spring element 30, which is preferably made of metal or plastic, does not even have to contribute to the fixing of adjacent components. In the case shown in FIG. 1, however, the spring element 30 also serves at the same time to fix the components on the wall 10 or the like.
• Its wall-side ends are angled like a flag and can be fixed in a suitable manner, for example by means of a screw 31, on the wall 10 in such a way that the adjacent components 1 are thereby also held on the wall 10 by the head of the spring element 30 engages in the grooves 29 provided for this purpose of the components adjacent to or assigned to it.
• this component In order to be able to fulfill its function, this component must be permeable for the passage of the gaseous medium, at least in its regions delimiting the guide channels 3h to the room to be air-conditioned, in order to flow out according to the concept of the invention as a large-area outflow to be able to act as a throttle for the gaseous medium which is guided in the channels 3h and is to flow into the room to be air-conditioned or is to be withdrawn from this room in order to flow out via the guide channels 3h.
• porous material which here consists of granular material with capillary and / or pore-shaped passages for the gaseous medium is formed.
• Shown here for this material denoted by 4a is a bed of plastic spheres, which are melted on the surface by means of a hot air blast with similar plastic spheres or other components of the granular material 4a.
• the granular material can preferably have a grain mixture composition of about 8 parts from 1.8 to 2.5 mm of the largest grain size, about 12 parts of 2.5 to 3.5 mm of the largest grain size, about 8 to 9 parts of 3.5 to 4 , 5 mm largest grain size and about 1 share of 4.5 to 5.1 mm largest grain size.
• such a component In terms of weight, such a component is particularly light and, accordingly, simple, quick and convenient to handle during storage, transport and assembly. However, it has at most a very low heat storage capacity with such a material design. Therefore, it will be used wherever an inertial behavior of the air conditioning according to the invention is undesirable.
• this material configuration is indicated and designated 4b.
• the entire component 1 is formed from granular material with capillary and / or pore-shaped passages for gaseous medium. Only acts it is not a material with a spherical or drop-shaped structure, but rather granules with an irregular broken-grain structure, which can possibly still be machined on rounded edges.
• this material 4b can also preferably have the grain mixture composition given above.
• the material 4b can also consist of slag broken, in particular blast furnace slag broken, machined on rounded edges, or have this as a component.
• the granular material has pumice gravel broken on rounded edges with washed-in quartz sand grains and aluminum powder, the grain bond being achieved by washed-in lime milk and hardening in the steam.
• the granular material for the component 1 is either formed entirely from grains with a finely fissured surface and / or material structure with pores or capillaries opening towards it, or such granules are added to the granular material.
• These can preferably be expanded clay granules and / or granules made from low-fired clay.
• this can also be formed from other gas-permeable material, such as porous and / or perforated fiber cement or the like.
• fibers 1 are indicated in the area of the component 1 which illustrates this material 4d .
• FIG. 1 Another configuration 4c is shown in FIG. 1 in the area of the component 1 that delimits the upper guide channel 3h for gaseous medium towards the room side.
• flow-through channels of small diameter are formed in a production-specific manner, but only in the area opening into the guide channel 3h from the room side, so that this area 4c is given an approximately sieve-like surface structure.
• the other areas of such a component are designed in any other way, and preferably so that these areas are impermeable to gas passage.
• Such a component is in Compared to the other material configurations described above, the throttling effect for the outflowing or inflowing gaseous medium is less.
• the here also one-part or single-shell component which can be formed according to the left partial sectional view from material 4a described above or according to the right partial sectional view from fibrous or fiber-containing material 4d already described above, on its space Side has an order or a coating 24 of gas-impermeable material, such as synthetic resin, in order to the component to the wall or.
• the one-piece shell 2 of the component can have one or more tubular guide channels 3f or 3g for gaseous medium, of which the channel 3f on the left is shown with an oval and the channel 5g on the right with a circular cross-sectional contour .
• the channel or channels can also be designed with a different, for example polygonal, cross-sectional contour.
• a strip-shaped sealing element 34 is inserted between the spring element 50, which is not connected to the load-bearing wall composite, and the end faces of the adjacent components lying against it, in order to prevent gas or air leaks from entering the spring element To prevent 50 covered end channel leading into the joint between the two neighboring construction elements.
• both the downward flap of the spring element 50 and the sealing strip 34 each have corresponding recesses in order to allow the gas passing through the guide channel, which runs transversely to the spring element 30, to flow freely to ensure shaped medium.
• FIG. 2 shows another arrangement of construction elements according to the invention, for example on an outer wall 10 or the like.
• a grid of support strips 14, for example made of wood is attached to this wall 10 to form a receiving space for a suitable, also known insulating body 13 as a heat insulation material, these being nailed, screwed, glued or otherwise attached to the material of the wall 10 could be.
• these support strips since their raster wetness is matched to the dimensions of the component shells 2, serve as an abutment for the attachment of the component duck or their shells 2.
• the shell bodies 2 Facing the wall-far side (room side), the shell bodies 2 each have a number of guide channels, generally designated 3, for gaseous medium. Since these open over their entire length to the roughness side and are therefore channel-shaped, they are also denoted by 3h. These guide channels 3 and 3h are covered on their room side far from the wall by at least one cover plate 5 assigned to a shell body 2, so that each component 1. according to the invention in this embodiment with two shells, namely composed of a lower shell 11 formed by the shell body 2 and an upper shell 12 formed by the cover plate 5.
• the cover plates 5 must at least be permeable for the passage of gaseous medium in their areas which overlap the channel-shaped guide channels 3h for gaseous medium and then delimit the areas to be air-conditioned. They can, like this in the the uppermost cut area of the middle cover plate 5 or upper shell 12 is arranged, be formed in the same way and from the same material 5a as described above in connection with FIG. 1 for the material 4a of the single-shell component 1 shown there . Alternatively, however, the design and material 5b could also be selected in the manner already explained above in connection with FIG. 1 for its material 4b. On the other hand, fiber material 5d similar to material 4d according to FIG. 1 can alternatively be used.
• the cover plate 5 or upper shell 12 can also be configured similar to the material 4c according to FIG. 1 or at least the channel-shaped guide channels 3h for gaseous medium have covering regions 5c with a multiplicity of flow openings for gaseous medium running normal to the wall.
• the cover plate 5 or upper shell 12 is applied to the lower shell 11 by means of adhesive layers 18, as shown in the case of the middle component in FIG. 2, and held thereon.
• the upper shell 12 can also be fixed to the lower shell 11 in any other suitable manner.
• a suitable screwing or latching or clamping connection can be provided for this.
• Such a type of fastening can preferably be recommended if, for example, two shell bodies 2, which are designed approximately according to FIG.
• the shell part 2 serving as the upper shell on the room side and away from the wall would have to be formed from material permeable to gaseous medium or at least be designed accordingly in its regions delimiting the guide channels to the room side, while here as well as that in FIG. 2 shown embodiment of the shell body 2 serving as the lower shell 11 can in principle be formed from gas-impermeable material.
• a sealing cover or coating (not shown in FIG. 2) on its side near the wall in the operating state, similar to the sealing layer 24 shown in FIG. 11, through which gas leaks in the direction of the wall 10 or thermal insulation material 13 are prevented.
• the upper shell 12 at least in some areas, and preferably in its wall areas delimiting the guide channels 3h for the gaseous medium on the room side, are formed from material with a thermal conductivity that is different from that of the lower shell 11, or the lower shell 11 itself can be made materials with different thermal conductivity values or a coating or the like on its side near the wall. have an order made of such material.
• the material with greater thermal conductivity always lies on the room side, that is to say in the case of a single-shell construction of the component, as shown in FIG. 11, for example, the room-side areas made of material are formed with a higher thermal conductivity compared to the side of the component remote from the room or, in the case of a double-shell design, the upper shell made of material having a greater thermal conductivity in comparison with the material of the lower shell, or regions of the lower shell near the upper shell made of larger than the material in areas of the lower shell near the wall Material having thermal conductivity are formed or have areas made of such material.
• cover element 32 which can be fixed on the front side of its upper shell 12 on the room side.
• the purpose of this cover element is at locations where the gaseous medium basically emerges from the elinatization system according to the invention. it is provided, for certain purposes and / or predetermined periods of time, but preferably to be temporarily prevented, to prevent the outflow or inflow of gaseous medium from or into the guide channels 3 for this.
• a cover element can be formed from any suitable material impermeable to gaseous medium and can be detachably fixed in many ways to the upper shell 12 of the structural element 1 according to FIG. 2. The same also applies to single-shell components, for example according to FIG.
• the cover part 32 is designed as an impermeable wooden plate which is held in a supporting frame 33 which has resilient finger element 35a which overlaps the edge-side end faces of the upper shell 12, to which it and thus also the entire cover element 32 can be clamped to the component is.
• the cover element 32 can also be formed from a different material. For example, it could always if value is placed on a particularly shallow depth, be designed as a sheet metal or plastic sheet, the edges of which are formed to be resilient and resilient finger elements which engage in the hat between two adjacent components or the upper shells 12 thereof. However, other types of definition are also possible.
• the embodiment according to FIG. 12 has a shell body 2 corresponding essentially to the lower shell 11 according to FIG. 2, which also serves as a lower shell 11, but has a plurality of cavernous indentations 2a on its side facing the wall 10, which is designed as an inner wall, for example which, since this shell part 2 is intended for mortar, serves to improve the adhesive bond between the component or its shell part 2 and the wall 10 carrying it.
• This component is also designed with two shells, but here the upper shell is formed by a cover part 5 which, as a gas flow-permeable element, does not have a self-supporting material, that of one.
• Tensioning frame 19 is held, which can be fixed in a suitable manner on the lower shell 11, preferably releasably.
• the type of fixing is shown by means of the resilient finger element duck 19a, at least on opposite sides of the end shell of the lower shell, by means of which the cover part 5 can be clamped to the lower shell 11.
• a variety of materials can be considered as the gas flow-permeable covering 21, such as, for example, perforated paper or plastic wallpaper, perforated wood veneer, perforated plastic film, in particular with a wood grain surface finish and / or veneer thickness, perforated leather or fur, textile fabric or the like.
• material 20 can also be used can be used in the form of an edition which in turn requires area-based support, such as wallpaper permeable to gas flow, for example in the form of a grass or textile wallpaper, perforated paper or plastic wallpaper, wood veneer or plastic Foil, in particular in wood grain surface finish and / or veneer thickness, perforated leather or fur, textile fabric or the like.
• area-based support such as wallpaper permeable to gas flow, for example in the form of a grass or textile wallpaper, perforated paper or plastic wallpaper, wood veneer or plastic Foil, in particular in wood grain surface finish and / or veneer thickness, perforated leather or fur, textile fabric or the like.
• the cover part can also be made of wood, in particular veneer, or of cardboard, plastic, in particular with a wood grain surface finish and / or veneer thickness, or made of board 23 as perforations 22 preferably stiffened textile material, leather, fiber cement board, in particular with embedded and drawn large fibers, metal or ceramic material or the like.
• FIG. 12 it is also shown that such a cover part 5 also differs from the manner already described above in connection with FIGS. 2 and 12, in which resilient finger element 33a or 19a or veriebaubitch 16 or gluing 18 are used , can be set on the assigned lower shell 11.
• the shell part 2 forming the lower shell 11 has, at suitable locations, one of which is shown in the lower area of FIG. 12, a matrix part 27 which acts as a locking element for the quickly releasable aging of a push button, while the cover part 5 in a corresponding arrangement with corresponding push button patrices 28 is provided, which, for reasons of similar external appearance, does not have their heads sunk into recesses 26 of the cover part 5.
• FIG. 12 there is still a molded part 2 forming the base shell 11 on its side to be fixed to the wall 10 against gas leakage. sealing and preferably also thermally insulating sealing layer 25 shown, for example by dipping or spraying the surface (s) to be sealed in or nit z. B. synthetic resin. Like. Can be applied.
• 13 schematically shows an embodiment of how, for example, cassette ceilings can be created with components according to the invention.
• both of the shell bodies 2 shown are designed in a similar manner to the corresponding shell bodies 2 according to FIGS. 2 and 12, respectively. Both shell bodies 2 in FIG.
• the shell part 2 of the upper component serving as the lower shell has a smaller depth than the shell part 2 of the adjacent lower component also serving as the lower shell and only one receiving groove 29, while the lower component has a shell part 2 with two such receiving grooves 29.
• the spring element 30 is designed here for walling in the load-bearing wall part 10 and has two wall brackets 30a spread apart from one another.
• FIG. 13 it is shown in FIG. 13 that the guide channels 3 in the narrow parts 2 are covered by covering material 20 formed in the same way as described above in connection with FIG. 12, which rests on a support frame 39, which is preferred out Sheet metal can be formed, recessed in a suitable tang of the edge of the shell parts 2 in its surface-side surface, which is not designated here, but is shown, and designed as resilient finger elements 39a, the assigned shell parts 2 of a cover element each at least has two mutually opposite sides of fastening elements.
• Support frame 39 and cover parts 20 can also be integrated with one another, for example by the cover part 20 being designed as a sheet metal blank with a large number of finest perforations.
• the fastening of these cover parts 20 to the shell elements 2 of the individual components can also be carried out in a suitable other way.
• FIG. 14 shows two variants of another component according to the invention. These are components that are occasionally preferred for the simultaneous formation of supply air and exhaust air ducts.
• two core parts 2 for example of the design according to FIG. 2 can be placed against each other in such a way that their closed front surfaces can lie against each other and the open surfaces of the channel-shaped guide channels 3 for the gaseous medium can be used lie away.
• both shell element 2 which otherwise have aligned through holes 42 for the passage of a wall anchor 40 with screw head, are pushed over the wall anchor 40 already let in at a suitable location on the wall or ceiling 10 and countersunk by means of a recess 43 in the shell element 2 remote from the wall Nut 41 tightened with the interposition of a washer and braced together on the wall or ceiling 10.
• the two shell elements 2 can be arranged lying directly on top of one another, as shown in FIG. 14. Otherwise, however, namely if the material of the two rail elements 2 is permeable to gaseous medium and these have no seal, an intermediate layer 57 forming a barrier layer must be interposed, which is indicated in FIG. 14 and can also be a thermal insulation layer.
• this shell part 2 which has guide channels 3 for gaseous medium on opposite outer sides, is made entirely of gas-impermeable material or is provided with a corresponding seal on its entire surface areas, including those of the guide channels 3.
• a cover part 5 is provided, which covers the large area.
• Inlet tub for the air conditioning or other gaseous medium forms.
• the type of fixing of the cover part 5 on the shell part 2 on the room side or the region of the one-piece shell part 2 on the room side is no longer shown, since it can be carried out in any suitable manner.
• the one-piece shell element 2 shown in FIG. 14 below can of course also be fixed to the wall or the ceiling 10 in the same manner shown by means of a suitable through hole 43 in it or in another suitable manner .
• FIG. 15 Another way of fixing the components with mutual locking of two adjacent components to and against one another is shown in FIG. 15.
• the part of the structure which defines the supporting surface and which defines the space to be air-conditioned which can be, for example, a wall 10
• the illustrated lower end face region of the higher-lying component 1 has a hat 44, in which a bulge 45 extending from the upward-facing end face of the lower-lying component 1 engages.
• the lower-lying component 1 has a recess 48, the wall-side free side of which is covered by a retaining tongue 51, which is part of an angle profile made of metal or plastic or other suitable material, which overlaps the upward-facing end face of the bulge 44, for example by means of tongue-like fastening elements 51b molded into the material of the lower-lying component 1 and bent out of the material of the holding tongue 51 on this lower-lying component 1.
• a hook-shaped or angular support element 50 is fixed by means of a number of screws 16 or other fixing elements, only one of which is shown, so that its free rabbit covers the lower region of the free surface of the Latte 55 extends upwards at a distance to this.
• a receiving slot between this rabbit of the support member 50 and this free surface of the slat 55 is formed, in which the retaining tongue 51 can engage when the lower-lying component 1 is suspended from above so that this retaining tongue 51 is the rabbit standing upwards Support element 50, which engages in the recess 48 of this component, engages behind and with its rear engaging surface 52 in contact with it is coming.
• this component 1 is held with its upper region on the wall 10, while its lower region, like the lower region of the higher-lying component 1 shown, only rests on the upward-facing end face of the next lower-lying component 1.
• the angle profile forming the retaining tongue 51 is not fixed to the lower-lying component 1, but, as also shown as an alternative possibility, by means of the tongue-like fastening elements 51a bent out of the material of the retaining tongue 51 on the higher-lying component 1 brings with it the advantage that the former, in the manner described above, has a lower-lying component 1 with its lower end region, which is equipped with a holding tongue 51 in the described manner, hung behind a support element 50 on this and gently against the crossbar with its upper end region 55 can be pressed, whereupon the illustrated higher-lying component 1 simply needs to be hooked into its supporting tongue 50 from above with its holding tongue 51, in order to simultaneously use its own lower end region and by means of the overlap of the bulge 45 of the lower-lying component 1 with its groove 44 also fixes and secures the upper end region of this lower-lying component 1 on the wall 10.
• An additional advantage of this design is that all components can be easily, quickly and conveniently removed from the wall 10 at all times.
• FIG. 16 also allows a similar mutual locking of two adjacent components 1.
• a support element 50 is already described in connection with the embodiment according to FIG Fixed by means of one or a plurality of screw (s) 16 to a slat 55 of a slatted frame supported by the wall 10 lined with insulating material 13 on the side in such a way that with its rabbit pointing upwards it engages in an engagement plate 54 of a plate 53 made of metal or plastic, or other suitable material, by means of which the upward-facing boundary surface of the room-side guide channel 3 for gaseous medium of the lower-lying component 1 is reinforced by engaging in a blind hole-like recess 49 in the material of this component 1 behind this engaging slot 54 when the latter is hung from above on this rabbit of the support element 50.
• this lower-lying component 1 Projecting from its upwardly projecting end face, this lower-lying component 1 is provided with a bulge 47, which in the exemplary embodiment shown has the shape of a sawtooth-like triangle tapering upwards or towards its free end and, as shown, also as a separate, however for example, glued-on profile part in the form of a wooden strip (or also a plastic profile).
• the lower-lying component engages in a complementary hat 46 in the adjacent, downward-facing end face of the higher-lying component 1 and holds it, after it has been placed or pushed onto the bulge 47 of the component arranged below, in a lift-off in the direction transverse to the wall surface (or floor or . Ceiling surface) preventing locking in this working position.
• the bulkhead element 9b which can preferably be made of the same material as the component 1 and may or may not be provided with a gas-impermeable coating or overlay, is, as can be seen from FIG. 1, inserted into the guide channel 3h of the component 1 and allows only a part of the cross section of the same for unimpeded gas flow in the normal direction to the plane of the drawing.
• This free flow average is larger when the bulkhead element 9c shown in FIG. 1 is inserted and is greatest at all without a bulkhead element, while when the bulkhead element 9a is used, the entire flow cross section is closed for unimpeded gas flow in the guide channel 3h and the gaseous medium makes its way through the remaining one Pore structure of the surrounding material of the component 1 formed large-area flow restrictor must search. It can be seen that this provides simple and inexpensive means for expediently influencing the flow resistance of the gaseous medium.
• the component 1 may have a coating 56 covering the entire surface thereof with cardboard or plastic material on its room-side surface.
• Fig. 2 where it is shown that the room-side surface of the upper shell 12 of the two-shell component can be covered with cardboard or plastic material.
• Hicht is shown that in an embodiment as shown in FIG. 2, the surface of the upper shell 12 which is remote from the space can also be laminated in the same way.
• the lamination made of cardboard or plastic material is provided with perforations, at least in the area (s) intended for the passage of gaseous medium, in order to enable unhindered passage of the gaseous medium .
• the lamination according to this subordinate concept of the invention provides sufficient protection against damage to the surface on the inside during storage, transport and / or handling of the component or shell part in accordance with the invention, and on the other hand provides an exceptionally smooth visible surface, which is often used for applying paint or applying wallpaper can be very desirable.
• the flow resistance of the large-area flow restrictor can advantageously be influenced by different perforation designs with regard to hole size and arrangement, without the structural parts of the structural part needing to be changed for different flow resistances.

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• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
• Duct Arrangements (AREA)
• Central Air Conditioning (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
• Ventilation (AREA)
• Air-Conditioning Room Units, And Self-Contained Units In General (AREA)

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• 1983
  • 1983-12-21 DE DE19833346084 patent/DE3346084A1/de active Granted
• 1984
  • 1984-12-21 ZA ZA849968A patent/ZA849968B/xx unknown
  • 1984-12-21 WO PCT/EP1984/000426 patent/WO1985002875A1/de unknown
  • 1984-12-21 PT PT79747A patent/PT79747A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1984-12-21 EP EP84116089A patent/EP0147827B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1984-12-21 ES ES539009A patent/ES8704616A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1984-12-21 JP JP60500443A patent/JPS61500805A/ja active Pending
  • 1984-12-21 BR BR8407257A patent/BR8407257A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1984-12-21 AT AT84116089T patent/ATE54701T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1984-12-21 AU AU38369/85A patent/AU3836985A/en not_active Abandoned

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