WO1984001739A1 - Appareil d'organisation pour le voyage, le bureau, l'ecole et la maison - Google Patents
Appareil d'organisation pour le voyage, le bureau, l'ecole et la maison Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1984001739A1 WO1984001739A1 PCT/CH1983/000121 CH8300121W WO8401739A1 WO 1984001739 A1 WO1984001739 A1 WO 1984001739A1 CH 8300121 W CH8300121 W CH 8300121W WO 8401739 A1 WO8401739 A1 WO 8401739A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- magazine
- rocker
- organizing device
- spring
- needle
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25C—HAND-HELD NAILING OR STAPLING TOOLS; MANUALLY OPERATED PORTABLE STAPLING TOOLS
- B25C5/00—Manually operated portable stapling tools; Hand-held power-operated stapling tools; Staple feeding devices therefor
- B25C5/02—Manually operated portable stapling tools; Hand-held power-operated stapling tools; Staple feeding devices therefor with provision for bending the ends of the staples on to the work
- B25C5/0214—Combined stapling and punching tools
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organizational device for travel, office, school and home according to the preamble of claim 1.
- small staplers are also known for home or private use. These are usually constructed in the same way as the professional devices.
- the conventional arrangement of the staple magazine and the associated helical spring with guide part for pushing the clips results in an overall length and height which make it difficult to carry them in the briefcase or jacket.
- Both the well-known professional devices and the small staplers all have a clip magazine that can be swiveled to the base.
- both the feed needle and the staple move on a circle when stapling. The result of this is that, on the one hand, the feed needle does not advance the staple exactly in one plane and, on the other hand, the staple does not hit the base perpendicularly. In the case of small stapling machines, which are not built very stable anyway for reasons of cost, this often leads to the needle and the staple jamming or to incorrect stapling with bent staples.
- German Offenlegungsschrift 86 19 961 shows a combination of a herkömml r cozy punch, in which a conventional stapler is employed.
- a conventional stapler is employed.
- the stapler is actuated, there is also a perforation, but when the perforator is actuated, the stapler remains out of operation.
- the mechanical parts are designed in such a way that they can only be produced as a large table model, but not as a handy device for travel, household or school. This is because the absolutely necessary forces on the punches can no longer be applied in a miniaturized version.
- a further device for stapling and punching is known from German utility model 74 20 270, with which - assuming some skill of the user - the two functions can be carried out individually or together. Because of its complicated structure, this device is very large and cannot be miniaturized. Furthermore, the staple is not in line with the punches, which makes this device unusable for many purposes.
- the object of the invention is now to provide a device which both perforates and staples and is also of such small size that it is housed in a narrow ( eg 4 cm wide) ring binder, in the jacket or
- OMH can be carried in a thin briefcase.
- the two functions, punching and stapling, must be able to be carried out both individually and together.
- the device should also be able to hold additional office utensils, such as a letter opener or a scale.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a stapling machine which is of such a shallow depth that it can be easily installed in a punch.
- a further object of the invention is to design the clip magazine in such a way that it can be filled with clips over its entire length or can be used.
- the invention is based on the object of designing the stapling machine in such a way that fine staples, which are often jammed in conventional small staplers, can be inserted without problems.
- the arrangement of the magazine which is fixed to the base proves to be extremely advantageous for guiding the needle when feeding the staples.
- the needle guides which are also stationary with respect to the base and which run exactly perpendicular to the base, prevent the needle and staple from jamming frequently in conventional staplers and thus also prevent stitching.
- the slit-like recess on the feed needle gives it the property of adapting exactly to the needle guides in the base and in the magazine and thus penetrating the clip precisely and without jamming.
- the insertion needle which can be moved transversely to the insertion direction of the staples, also contributes significantly to the jam-free insertion.
- the staples in the machines according to the invention can only be inserted into the magazine drawer and inserted with it. Is used a magnet i m head of the magazine so the brackets adhere to this. By moving one is broke ⁇ on the rocker of the punch th bar the user can specify whether the hole ge ⁇ to be jointly carried out with the stapling, or should only one of the two functions.
- Another advantage is that through the common punching and stapling the files are connected with exactly aligned perforations, which means that leafing through the ring binder is easier and the perforations are less stressed.
- Attaching the staples between the perforations on the one hand facilitates leafing through such perforated pieces of file and reduces the risk of the clips being torn out.
- the device can also be used in a conventional manner only for punching or only for stapling.
- Another advantage is that the production price of the device comprising a punch and a stapling machine is hardly higher than the price of each of the two devices. Dispensing with a long lever, ie a long rocker, results in a short pressure path or a high cutting speed of the stamp. The small dimensions of the stapler as well as the entire organization device allow it to be carried on trips.
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of the device
- FIG. 2 shows a side view of the device from the direction of arrow A
- FIG. 3 shows a cross section through the device in the area of the stapling machine along line III-III in FIG. 4
- FIG. 4 shows a section along line IV-IV in Figure 3
- Figure 5 is a perspective view of the clip magazine
- Figure 6 is a section along line IV-IV in Figure 3
- Figure 7 is a perspective view of the disassembled
- Figure 8 is a perspective view of the assembled device.
- FIG. 1 of a punch 1 designed as an organizational device is in the ready-to-work position.
- a slot 3 open to the front for receiving the edge of one or more pieces of file is attached. Below the slot 3
- OMPI_ there is a cavity 4 running along the slot 3, which can be closed laterally by a cover (not shown).
- the punches 7 and 8 are made of steel and have hollow ground edges in a known manner at the lower end.
- the stamps 7 and 8 are held in the raised position by a spring 9 and are prevented from sliding out of the base part 6 by the latter.
- the spring 9 is located completely within a cavity 10 in the base part 6.
- the cavity 10 can be closed at the top by a cover 11 which is permanently connected to the base part 6 or by a removable, for example screwed-on cover.
- a shaft 12 is provided on the base 2, the axis B of which runs parallel to the rear edge of the base part 6.
- a rocker 13 is articulated on the shaft 12 and has a recess 16 between the two pivot points 14 and 15. In the area of this recess 16, a further rocker 17 is pivotally mounted on the shaft 12.
- the side legs 18 and 19 of the rocker 13 lie freely on the upper ends of the punches 7 and 8.
- a part 20, preferably made of spring steel, is attached to the rocker 17.
- the middle piece can be used as an additional longitudinal guide for part 20 Be inserted in a rocker at the bottom of the groove provided 17 24 22 *
- the rear leg 25 of the part 20 um ⁇ wraps the shaft 12 and rests with the cranked end 26 freely on the base part 6.
- the front leg engages in a slot-shaped recess 28 in the base part 6 and is used as a feed needle 27 for U-shaped stitching 29, which are located in a magazine 30.
- the magazine 30 is used as a drawer in the base part 6, which is secured at the front with bars 31 in the base part 6 and is bounded at the rear by a spring 32 (FIGS. 3, 4 and 5).
- the spring 32 When the staple magazine 30 is full, the spring 32 is in the position drawn with a continuous line in FIG. 4; when the magazine 30 is almost empty, the spring 32 is in the form shown in broken lines.
- the spring force F on the staples 29 remains essentially constant over the entire length of the magazine.
- the spring 32 has a special shape: between the two punches 7 and 8 or two other correspondingly designed pivot points there is a - according to the section according to FIG.
- the middle piece 33 In the tensioned state, the middle piece 33 is bent upwards. Outside the punches 7 and 8, S-shaped end pieces 34 connect, the outer loops 35 looping the punches 7 and 8 u and abutting the stops 11, as a result of which the spring 32 is kept under tension at all times.
- Spring 32 can also be used a coil spring 132 ( Figure 6).
- the ends of the spring 132 are attached to two cams 134 and kept under tension.
- the two cams 134 are preferably in front of the two punch 8 and 7, i.e. closer to the front of the device so that the last staple 29 located in the staple magazine 130 is pressed against the head piece 45 of the magazine 30 under the recess 28.
- the spring 132 can run in a sleeve 133 in the central region; but it can also consist of two parts which are connected by the sleeve 133.
- the spring 32 bent downwards or in the direction of the opening is pushed upwards or backwards.
- the middle piece 33 of the spring 32 bends between the two punches 7 and 8 serving as stops and the S-shaped end pieces 34 are partially compressed and also pivot outwards.
- the path lengthening of the middle piece 33 as a result of the deflection is compensated for by the corresponding excess length of this piece (see FIG. 4, dash-dotted line) beyond the punches 7 and 8.
- the magazine 30 can be filled with staples 29 over its entire length with these spring arrangements.
- the drawer can have slots 36 on the side for exact guidance of the spring 32.
- the head piece 45 of the drawer 30 serves both as a longitudinal guide for the jaws and as a needle 27 during the stitching process.
- a tongue-shaped tab 46 on the head piece 45 engages in a recess 47 on the feed needle and holds it back in the recess 28 in the base part 6. Without the tab 46, the needle 27 would slide out of the recess 28 as a result of the tension in the spring 20. Due to the slot-shaped recess 47, the needle becomes elastic without losing the strength necessary for the clamping movement.
- a mark 37 is made in the middle of the stamp distance;
- a scale 38 can be provided on the base part 5.
- the two holes 40 and 41 for the punches 7 and 8 can be designed as inserts and inserted in depressions in the base 5 (not shown). The same also applies to the deflection plate 43. In this way, it is possible to design these highly stressed parts in a wear-resistant material.
- a letter opener or a knife 39 can be inserted.
- the operation of the device 1 is as follows: When the rocker 13 is pressed down, the two punches 7 and 8 are pushed against the force of the spring 9 through the slot 3 into bores 40 and 41 which serve as dies and are concentric with the punches 7 and 8 . If there is a file in slot 3, two holes are punched out of it. The punched-out rondelles 42 fall through the bores 40 and 41 into the cavity 4 serving as a collecting container. They can be removed or emptied from this space 4 by removing one of the side covers.
- the spring 9 is designed in such a way that the two punches 7 and 8 return to the raised initial position after the rocker 13 has been released while overcoming the friction in the holes in the file pieces.
- the feed needle 27 can pierce downwards over the entire feed path, absolutely vertically, ie exactly in the feed direction of the staple 29, because the entire part 20 can slide forward along the groove 24 in the rocker 17 during the depression of the rocker 17.
- both the feed needle 27 and the staples 29 accommodated in the magazine 30 arranged in a stationary manner with respect to the deflection plate 43 and the file pieces do not follow the arcuate path customary in conventional staplers when the rocker 17 is swiveled down and slide with respect to it Files always in the same, perpendicular to these
- the two rockers 13 and 17 can be coupled to one another in various ways: if they are firmly connected to one another, punching and stapling take place together; If the rocker 17 overlaps the rocker 13, holes can be punched independently of the stapling machine or both functions can be carried out simultaneously; If the rocker 13 overlaps the rocker 17, it can be stapled independently of the perforation, but can only be perforated together with a stapling.
- the device again consists of the base 2 with the paper slot 3, the stamps 7 and 8 guided in the upper base part 6 and held by a spring 9 in the raised position, the rocker 13 for pressing down the punch 7,8 and the shaft 12 on which the rocker 13 is pivotally articulated.
- the springs 32, 132 are also arranged for advancing the staples 29.
- a cam 150 is attached as a holding means for a locking element 144.
- the locking element 144 which essentially consists of two legs 151 and 152 which are at an angle to one another, a hole 135 is made in the foot leg 151, in which the cam 150 can engage.
- the bolt leg 152 is closed by a hook-shaped end piece, the bolt 153.
- a screw spring 120 is inserted between the locking element 144 and the rocker 117 for inserting staples 29. So that the spring 120 is guided laterally, a cylindrical cam 121 protrudes from the underside of the rocker 117.
- the feed needle 127 is mounted on a pin 155 guiding the needle 127 in slot-shaped guides 154 on both sides of the rocker 117.
- a tongue-like nose 156 protrudes over the front end of the rocker 117.
- a slot-shaped opening 157 is provided for the bolt 153 in the top of the rocker 117 ' , through which the bolt 153 protrudes (cf. see Figure 8).
- the magazine 130 is provided with a locking spring 158 with a locking bore 160 in the embodiment according to FIGS. 7 and 8.
- the magazine 130 consists of a profiled sheet 161 which receives the staples 29 and which is closed on one side by a head part 45, which also has the recess or slot 128 for the staples 29.
- the locking spring 158 can be a bent part of the sheet 161, as shown in FIG. 7, but it can also be welded or riveted onto the sheet 161.
- Both the rocker 117 for carrying out the stitching and the rocker 13 for pressing down the punch 7 and 8 are, as in the first exemplary embodiment , preferably articulated on the common shaft 12 on the back of the base 2.
- the magazine 30 rests in the base part 6 along its entire length at the bottom.
- the base part 6 can also be designed in such a way that the magazine 130 only rests against the base part 6 in the rear area at the bottom; at the front, ie on the head side, but can swing out slightly downwards in the direction of the files inserted in the slot 3 when the rocker 117 is pressed down.
- the magazine 130 is pushed back into the insertion opening and automatically locked by the pin 163.
- the locking spring 158 can also be released via a lever system (not shown).
- a textile Velcro fastener can be glued to the underside of the base part 5 (not visible), with which the device can be detachably attached at any point, for example in the back of a folder.
- the Velcro fastener serves as a soft surface and also for wiping rubber debris off the writing surface.
- a cover known per se and made of soft plastic can be attached to the base part 5 from below.
- the organization device 1 is preferably produced by injection molding in aluminum, die-cast die-cast or in plastic.
- the rockers 13 and 17 can be produced together with the base 2 from a single piece, as a result of which the shaft 12 is not attached.
- the spring part 20 is firmly connected to the rocker 17 in this embodiment.
- the device 1 according to the invention while accepting a somewhat greater length, can also have a stapling machine of the same construction arranged laterally outside the punch 7 and 8, if any
- the staples 29 adhere to it.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/629,830 US4640451A (en) | 1982-11-08 | 1982-11-07 | Combination hole punch and stapler |
CH3738/84A CH665796A5 (de) | 1982-11-08 | 1983-11-07 | Organisationsgeraet fuer reise, buero, schule und heim. |
GB08415433A GB2186831B (en) | 1982-11-08 | 1983-11-07 | Organization apparatus for travelling,for the office, the school and at home |
NL8320351A NL8320351A (nl) | 1982-11-08 | 1983-11-07 | Organisatie-apparaat voor op reis, kantoor, school en thuis. |
DE19838390047U DE8390047U1 (de) | 1982-11-08 | 1983-11-07 | Organisationsgeraet fuer reise, buero, schule und heim |
AU21279/83A AU2127983A (en) | 1982-11-08 | 1983-11-07 | Organisationsgerat fur reise, buro, schule und heim |
SE8403478A SE8403478D0 (sv) | 1982-11-08 | 1984-06-29 | Organisationsredskap for resa, kontor, skola och hem |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH646182 | 1982-11-08 | ||
CH298283 | 1983-05-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1984001739A1 true WO1984001739A1 (fr) | 1984-05-10 |
Family
ID=25691882
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CH1983/000121 WO1984001739A1 (fr) | 1982-11-08 | 1983-11-07 | Appareil d'organisation pour le voyage, le bureau, l'ecole et la maison |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU2127983A (fr) |
CH (1) | CH665796A5 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE3390456D2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES275832Y (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2535641B1 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB2186831B (fr) |
GR (1) | GR78743B (fr) |
IT (2) | IT8336196V0 (fr) |
NL (1) | NL8320351A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1984001739A1 (fr) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1986001449A1 (fr) * | 1984-08-24 | 1986-03-13 | Heinz Stahl | Dispositif combine d'attache et de poinçonnage de trous dans des feuilles, en particulier des feuilles de papier |
WO1986001448A1 (fr) * | 1983-04-27 | 1986-03-13 | Heinz Stahl | Appareil combine pour agrafer et perforer des feuilles et notamment des feuilles de papier |
WO1995011113A1 (fr) * | 1993-10-18 | 1995-04-27 | Gerhard Rau | Systeme combine d'agrafage et de perforation |
WO1997004924A2 (fr) * | 1995-07-29 | 1997-02-13 | Ctech Ag | Instrument manuel a usages multiples pour le bureau |
WO1998033627A1 (fr) * | 1997-01-31 | 1998-08-06 | Ahmet Fazil Amal | Perforatrice et agrafeuse de papier reunies |
US6460433B1 (en) | 1997-10-16 | 2002-10-08 | C-Tech Ag | Multipurpose hand device |
US6493893B1 (en) | 1997-01-28 | 2002-12-17 | Ctech Ag | Multi-purpose hand-held device |
US6779425B2 (en) | 2000-11-27 | 2004-08-24 | Ctech Ag | Multipurpose handheld implement |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS618288A (ja) * | 1984-06-24 | 1986-01-14 | 三橋 良夫 | パンチホツチキス |
US4779785A (en) * | 1986-10-14 | 1988-10-25 | Plus Corporation | Portable stationery device |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2343932A (en) * | 1940-01-15 | 1944-03-14 | Metal Specialties Mfg Co | Staple magazine and feed means for stapling machines |
DE808466C (de) * | 1950-01-31 | 1953-06-25 | Elisabeth Beyer Geb Schulte | Kombinierte Loch- und Hefteinrichtung |
US2931038A (en) * | 1955-11-14 | 1960-04-05 | Fastener Corp | Stapling apparatus |
JPS5269071A (en) * | 1975-12-05 | 1977-06-08 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Stapler with magnet |
DE7832860U1 (de) * | 1979-04-05 | 7850 Loerrach | Kombiniertes Loch- und Heftklammergerät | |
DE2940942A1 (de) * | 1978-10-30 | 1980-05-14 | Fumio Taniguchi | Befestigungsvorrichtung fuer papierblaetter |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE7420270U (de) * | 1974-12-12 | Duschek E | Gerät zur Durchführung von Büroarbeiten, z.B. Lochen, Heften od. dgl | |
DE687908C (de) * | 1938-05-03 | 1940-02-08 | Neufa G M B H | uecken o. dgl. |
-
1983
- 1983-11-03 GR GR72858A patent/GR78743B/el unknown
- 1983-11-07 AU AU21279/83A patent/AU2127983A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1983-11-07 FR FR8317636A patent/FR2535641B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1983-11-07 IT IT8336196U patent/IT8336196V0/it unknown
- 1983-11-07 CH CH3738/84A patent/CH665796A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-11-07 DE DE83CH8300121T patent/DE3390456D2/de not_active Expired
- 1983-11-07 GB GB08415433A patent/GB2186831B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-11-07 NL NL8320351A patent/NL8320351A/nl unknown
- 1983-11-07 IT IT49286/83A patent/IT1170574B/it active
- 1983-11-07 WO PCT/CH1983/000121 patent/WO1984001739A1/fr active Application Filing
- 1983-11-08 ES ES1983275832U patent/ES275832Y/es not_active Expired
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE7832860U1 (de) * | 1979-04-05 | 7850 Loerrach | Kombiniertes Loch- und Heftklammergerät | |
US2343932A (en) * | 1940-01-15 | 1944-03-14 | Metal Specialties Mfg Co | Staple magazine and feed means for stapling machines |
DE808466C (de) * | 1950-01-31 | 1953-06-25 | Elisabeth Beyer Geb Schulte | Kombinierte Loch- und Hefteinrichtung |
US2931038A (en) * | 1955-11-14 | 1960-04-05 | Fastener Corp | Stapling apparatus |
JPS5269071A (en) * | 1975-12-05 | 1977-06-08 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Stapler with magnet |
DE2940942A1 (de) * | 1978-10-30 | 1980-05-14 | Fumio Taniguchi | Befestigungsvorrichtung fuer papierblaetter |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Patents Abstracts of Japan, Volume 1, No. 130, 27 October 1977; & JP-A-52 069 071 (HITACHI) * |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1986001448A1 (fr) * | 1983-04-27 | 1986-03-13 | Heinz Stahl | Appareil combine pour agrafer et perforer des feuilles et notamment des feuilles de papier |
WO1986001449A1 (fr) * | 1984-08-24 | 1986-03-13 | Heinz Stahl | Dispositif combine d'attache et de poinçonnage de trous dans des feuilles, en particulier des feuilles de papier |
WO1995011113A1 (fr) * | 1993-10-18 | 1995-04-27 | Gerhard Rau | Systeme combine d'agrafage et de perforation |
EP1170094A3 (fr) * | 1995-07-29 | 2002-07-24 | Ctech AG | Outil à main universel du type couteau de poche |
WO1997004924A3 (fr) * | 1995-07-29 | 1997-05-09 | Ctech Ag | Instrument manuel a usages multiples pour le bureau |
US6286745B1 (en) | 1995-07-29 | 2001-09-11 | C-Tech Ag | Multipurpose hand-held implement of the pocket knife type |
EP1170094A2 (fr) * | 1995-07-29 | 2002-01-09 | Ctech AG | Outil à main universel du type couteau de poche |
WO1997004924A2 (fr) * | 1995-07-29 | 1997-02-13 | Ctech Ag | Instrument manuel a usages multiples pour le bureau |
US6874189B2 (en) | 1995-07-29 | 2005-04-05 | Ctech Ag | Multipurpose hand-held implement of the pocket-knife type |
EP1537954A2 (fr) * | 1995-07-29 | 2005-06-08 | Ctech AG | Outil à main universel du type couteau de poche |
EP1537954A3 (fr) * | 1995-07-29 | 2005-12-14 | Ctech AG | Outil à main universel du type couteau de poche |
US6493893B1 (en) | 1997-01-28 | 2002-12-17 | Ctech Ag | Multi-purpose hand-held device |
US6708360B2 (en) | 1997-01-28 | 2004-03-23 | Ctech Ag | Multipurpose hand-held implement |
WO1998033627A1 (fr) * | 1997-01-31 | 1998-08-06 | Ahmet Fazil Amal | Perforatrice et agrafeuse de papier reunies |
US6460433B1 (en) | 1997-10-16 | 2002-10-08 | C-Tech Ag | Multipurpose hand device |
US6779425B2 (en) | 2000-11-27 | 2004-08-24 | Ctech Ag | Multipurpose handheld implement |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES275832Y (es) | 1985-02-01 |
GB2186831B (en) | 1988-02-10 |
FR2535641A1 (fr) | 1984-05-11 |
GR78743B (fr) | 1984-10-02 |
IT1170574B (it) | 1987-06-03 |
CH665796A5 (de) | 1988-06-15 |
GB2186831A (en) | 1987-08-26 |
AU2127983A (en) | 1984-05-22 |
IT8336196V0 (it) | 1983-11-07 |
ES275832U (es) | 1984-07-01 |
FR2535641B1 (fr) | 1986-01-31 |
IT8349286A0 (it) | 1983-11-07 |
DE3390456D2 (en) | 1985-02-21 |
GB8415433D0 (en) | 1984-07-18 |
NL8320351A (nl) | 1984-09-03 |
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