Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
  • B22D47/00—Casting plants
  • B22D47/02—Casting plants for both moulding and casting
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
  • B22D33/00—Equipment for handling moulds
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
  • B22D33/00—Equipment for handling moulds
  • B22D33/005—Transporting flaskless moulds

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for transporting a mold strand composed of boxless casting molds via a supply casting and cooling section having at least one rectilinear branch, a casting installation, with new casting molds being continuously added to and from the mold strand in the region of its rear end in the transport direction Mold strand in the area of its front end in the direction of transport to the same extent continuously removing molds.
• DE-AS 24 17 197 discloses a device of the type mentioned at the outset with a roller conveyor arranged between a molding station and an unpacking station and formed by stationary rollers, on each of which a casting mold with a horizontal parting joint receiving pallet can be moved.
• the pallets are longer than the molds.
• the successive pallets therefore run against each other with the facing end faces and transmit the feed or braking forces.
• a joint is provided between the individual shapes. Since the individual molds are not subject to any clamping in the direction of transport, expansion is possible, which can have a negative effect on the dimensional accuracy of the moldings produced.
• the resulting thermal expansion after pouring is often so large that a gap above-mentioned type is bridged.
• the solution to this related to the process is that the molds, which are aligned perpendicular to the transport plane, have molds to form a continuous mold strand over its entire length, and that the forces required to accelerate and brake the mold strand to be transported are adjustable in size at the rear end in the transport direction of the mold strand are introduced into this and at the front end in the direction of trans are derived therefrom and together with the forces which possibly counteract the thermal expansion of the molds within the mold strand over the entire length of the mold strand exclusively through the molds themselves from one mold in each case to the adjacent molds be transmitted.
• the force flow advantageously runs exclusively over the casting molds over the entire length of the mold strand.
• the side surfaces of the casting molds running in the transport direction can be easily reinforced with the aid of clamping plates or the like, so that overall a box-like reinforcement of the casting molds can be achieved, which has an advantageous effect on the dimensional accuracy and accuracy of the castings to be produced.
• the adjustability of the drive and braking forces advantageously enables such a change in adaptation to the circumstances of the individual case.
• the external forces acting on the mold strand that not only an undesirable expansion of the mold strand and an undesirable mutual offset, but also damage to the molded parts can be avoided.
• this also allows the required energy requirement to be reduced to a minimum, which in turn not only offers economic advantages but also ensures a very gentle movement of the mold strand.
• the mold strand is held together with an adjustable force counteracting the thermal expansion force outside the acceleration phases and in particular during the breaks, so that the individual casting molds are reinforced.
• This measure can prove to be particularly advantageous if the mold strand is at rest due to a lack of replenishment of liquid metal.
• the noticeable thermal expansion occurring during such breaks is contained here by the force holding the strand together.
• the force holding the mold strand together can advantageously be selected such that it is greater than the force required to completely prevent thermal expansion within the strand. Thermal expansion of the strand is therefore not possible here.
• the force holding the mold strand together can be dimensioned such that it is somewhat smaller than that for moving the mold adjacent to the first cast mold or its parts on its respective one Support is required. This ensures that when excessive forces occur within the mold strand, some compensation expansion of the mold strand can take place. However, the clamping force acting on the mold strand is retained.
• the molds are expediently designed in such a way that the force required to move the mold adjacent to the first cast mold or its parts on its respective base is in any case greater than the force which arises due to the thermal expansion within the mold strand, so that Due to the normal thermal expansion, there is no fear of expansion of the mold strand.
• the solution directed to the device for carrying out the method outlined at the outset is characterized in that, in a device of the generic type, with a roller conveyor, which is arranged between a molding station and an unpacking station and has at least one rectilinear branch, formed by stationary rollers, on each of which one or more Casting-carrying transport units are movable, the length of the transport units in the transport direction is less than the length of the mold or molds that can be accommodated thereon, which are arranged projecting forward and backward on the respectively assigned transport unit in the transport direction and that within a branch of the mold strand in Transport direction in each case rearmost and foremost transport unit with the interposition of at least one slip clutch, the transmission torque of which is adjustable, is in engagement with a drive or braking station.
• the measures ensure compliance with a force flow running directly via the casting molds over the entire length of the mold strand and enable individual metering of the drive or braking forces or the forces counteracting the thermal expansion force.
• the measures according to the invention also ensure that the casting molds are in a resting position with respect to their respective base, despite the mutual support achieved here during transport. At the same time, the easy mobility of the transport units, which can be moved in the form of chutes or carts, comes into play.
• the drive station can consist of at least one drive roller connected with the interposition of the assigned slip clutch with a drive element that can be blocked at least against the transport direction
• the brake station can consist of at least one brake roller connected with the interposition of the associated slip clutch with a brake element that can be blocked at least in the transport direction.
• the drive rollers and the brake roller can expediently engage the associated transport units in such a way that the force that can be transmitted thereon is greater than the maximum adjustable force on the respectively assigned slip clutch, which can have a very wear-reducing effect.
• the rollers arranged between the drive station and the brake station can simply be designed as non-driven support rollers, so that overall a very simple construction results.
• each branch of the roller conveyor is inclined in the transport direction so that the resistance acting on its rollers is at least almost completely equalized by the downhill drive.
• the equalization of the internal friction advantageously results in almost identical supporting forces between the individual molds in the area of the entire mold strand.
• the force required to move the mold strand can be relatively small, which enables smooth operation.
• the setting speed of the mold to be placed on the last mold of the mold strand is selected such that when the mold hits the mold strand released kinetic energy can be absorbed in the plastic area of the molding compound and is not sufficient in the case of horizontally divided casting molds to bring about molding offset.
• a feed unit formed by at least one drive roller can expediently be used to carry out this method step Find use that is coupled via a slip clutch with an adjustable transmission torque to a drive element and cooperates frictionally with a transport element receiving the associated mold.
• the Rut schkupplung can be set to a relatively small value, so that the associated drive element when the mold to be connected to the rear end of the mold strand immediately rotates empty, so that a molded part formation and the like is omitted.
• the slipping clutches with adjustable transmission torque used can advantageously be designed as contactless magnetic clutches, preferably magnetostatic hysteresis clutches, to ensure freedom from wear.
• FIG. 1 is an overall plan view of a casting plant working with horizontally divided casting molds transported on pallets, with a storage, casting and cooling section having two parallel branches, in a schematic representation,
• FIG. 2 is a side view of a branch of the supply, Casting and cooling section according to FIG. 1,
• FIG. 3 shows a top view of the arrangement according to FIG. 1 with the pallets partially removed
• FIG. 4 is a front view of a horizontally split mold according to FIG. 1 with side arming plates,
• Fig. 5 is a side view of a supply, pouring and cooling section for monoblock molds lined up with a vertical parting line on a step grate in transport position and
• Flg. 6 shows a side view of the arrangement according to FIG. 5 in the idle state and loaded with vertically divided double block molds.
• a casting plant of the type on which the figures are based consists, as can best be seen from FIG. 1, of a molding station 1, in which boxless casting molds are produced, an unpacking station 2, in which the finished castings are separated from the sand of the casting molds and a supply, pouring and cooling section 3, which pass through the casting molds on the way from the molding station 1 to the unpacking station 2.
• the area adjoining the molding station 1 is considered to be a supply section which serves to provide finished molds.
• the casting section which can be operated with a pan, indicated at 4, which holds liquid metal, for pouring the casting molds through it.
• the pre-leadership on a not shown furnace tion of the pan 4 is indicated at 5.
• the casting section which can be operated by the ladle 4, is followed by the cooling section, in which the castings cool to the unpacking temperature.
• the supply, pouring and cooling section consists of a forward load and a return load.
• a roller conveyor 6 provided with stationary rollers is provided.
• the casting molds designated as a whole as 7, which are designed here as horizontally divided double block molds with an upper part 11 and a lower part 12 transport units running on the rollers of the roller conveyor 6, here in the form of pallets 8 each holding a casting mold 7, are provided .
• the pallets 8 are cleared by means of a clearing blade indicated at 9 in FIG. 1 and then transferred to the rear end of the forward branch to accommodate a new casting mold leaving the molding station 1.
• the pallets 8, together with the mold 7 located thereon, are transferred to the return branch.
• translation units are provided at the ends of forward branch 3 a or return branch 3 b, provided in Fig. 1 by the arrows 10 translation units. As can be seen from FIG. 3, these can each consist of a carriage which is provided with a lifting device and can be moved perpendicularly to the normal transport direction.
• the upper parts 11 and lower parts 12 of the molds 7, which are horizontally divided here, are to be of exactly the same size in the illustrated exemplary embodiment and are aligned perpendicular to the transport plane Have end faces 13 and side faces 14.
• the transport direction is greater than the length of the respectively assigned pallet 8, so that the molds 7 placed in the center project beyond the respectively assigned pallet 8 in the transport direction to the front and rear .
• the successive casting molds can therefore be supported directly against one another with their vertical end faces, so that they are in the area. of the forward branch 3 a and the return branch 3 b of the supply, pouring and cooling section each result in a complete mold strand 15, as shown in FIG. 1.
• the force flow caused by the driving and braking forces and possibly by the thermal expansion forces within each mold strand 15 runs over the casting molds 7.
• the pallets 8 receiving the casting molds 7 remain unaffected by this.
• the direct mutual end support of the casting molds thus enables a reinforcing effect to be achieved and therefore high accuracy and dimensional accuracy can be expected.
• each of the mold strands 15 is assigned a drive station 16 arranged in the region of its rear end, which is expediently integrated in the roller table 6 here, and a brake station 17 which is arranged in the region of its front end and expediently integrated in the roller path 6 .
• the drive station 16 and the brake station 17 are each assigned a drive element 18 or brake element 19 shown in FIG. 3, irr. kinematic drive chain hoist a Rutscr clutch 20 is provided, the transmission torque is adjustable, so that the in the assigned Forrrenstrang 15 to be initiated or the drive or braking force to be derived from this is also adjustable.
• the rollers of the roller conveyor 6 located between the drive station 16 and the braking station 17 are simply designed as freely rotatable, non-driven support rollers 27.
• the rollers 25, 26, 27 can be designed as continuous rollers over the width of the roller conveyor 6.
• opposing pairs of rollers are used.
• the drive station 16 and the brake station 17 each extend approximately over the length of a pallet 8 and are each equipped with 3 pairs of rollers, so that the drive or braking forces can be transmitted safely and without slippage with each adjustment of the clutches 20.
• An electric geared motor can expediently be used as the drive element 18 or brake element 19.
• To switch off the internal friction of the roller conveyor 6, its branches, as can be seen from FIG. 2, are opposite the Horizontal inclined so that the bearing friction forces acting on the rollers and the like are equalized by the downward slope of the pallets 8 located thereon, including the casting molds 7.
• the drive element 18 In the stationary state, the drive element 18 is blocked at least in the opposite direction to the transport direction and the brake element 19 is blocked at least in the transport direction.
• the drive element 18 can be provided with a backstop 30.
• the brake element 19 is provided with a blocking brake 31 that engages automatically when the vehicle is at a standstill. If the mold strand held together in this way tries to expand under the action of internal thermal expansion forces, these thermal expansion forces are contained by the blocked drive element 18 or brake element 19 up to the level of the force which can be transmitted by the slip clutches 20 or are held completely in the strand.
• the slip clutches 20 are therefore expediently set so that no slippage occurs due to thermal expansion forces, which prevents expansion of the mold strand 15.
• the thermal expansion forces are relatively easy to determine since, as tests have shown, these do not add up over the length of the strand.
• the complete molds 7 could slide against the pallets 8 or the upper mold parts 11 against the associated lower mold parts 12.
• the force required to accomplish such a shift is also easy to determine by experiment and is usually known.
• the force that can be transmitted by the slip clutches 20 can be set to a value that is slightly below the displacement force, so that there is a slight stretching of the mold strand 15 rather than a mutual offset of the upper parts relative to the lower parts of the casting molds located in the region of the supply section. However, this does not occur under normal operating conditions.
• the drive station 16 When accelerating the mold strand 15 from standstill to the normal operating speed the drive station 16 is activated and the required acceleration force is introduced into the mold strand 15.
• the setting of the assigned slip clutch 20 represents the limitation of the acceleration force.
• Activation of the braking station 17 together with the braking element 19 is not necessary in this phase. Only the blocking brake 31 has to be released. In this case, the braking station 17 is simply carried empty by the pallets 8 passing over the braking rollers 26.
• the internal resistance for example in the area of the gear motor forming the braking element 19, counteracts the feed force.
• the acceleration forces transmitted from one casting mold to the next casting mold 7 in the area of the abutting end faces 13 decrease from the back to the front.
• the braking element 19 is activated and the transport speed is thereby kept constant. This can be accomplished by operating the brake 31.
• the braking force acting on the mold strand corresponds to the force resulting from the transmission torque of the slip clutch 20.
• the slipping clutch assigned to the braking element 19 is expediently set to a somewhat lower value than the slipping clutch 20 assigned to the drive element 18, so that the driving force which takes effect slightly outweighs.
• the drive motor 18 and the gear motor forming the braking element 19 are put into operation simultaneously.
• the gear motor forming the braking element 19 runs along empty.
• a freewheel 32 forming an overrunning clutch is provided in the kinematic drive chain hoist leading to the brake rollers 26.
• the freewheel 32 acts as a transmission element, whereby the brake element 19 is itself carried by the brake rollers 26.
• the electric motor forming the braking element 19 is operated as a generator.
• the braking force acting on the mold strand 15 corresponds to the generator force.
• the electric motor forming the braking element 19 is connected in terms of control to the electric motor forming the drive element 18 and, as soon as it is operated as a generator, takes the lead in terms of speed. With the help of the brake element which runs along the freewheel 32 and works as a generator after being overhauled by the strand
• the end of the acceleration phase can be detected automatically in an advantageous manner, so that there is a very uniform strand movement.
• the translation of the transmission assigned to the braking element is expediently somewhat smaller than the translation of the transmission assigned to the drive element IS, so that the same engine speed results in a somewhat lower transmission output speed in the area of the braking station than in the area of the driving station. This ensures that a defined generator force is available as a braking force already in the last area of the acceleration phase and during normal feed operation, as a result of which the mold strand is held together cleanly.
• the drive element 18 and the brake element 19 associated gear can be combined with the respective electric motor to form a structural unit or, as indicated in the exemplary embodiment shown at 33, can be designed as a separate countershaft.
• the drive station 16 is passivated by switching off the associated electric motor.
• the brake 31 of the braking element 19 is actuated, thereby blocking the motor forming the braking element 19.
• the braking force acting on the mold strand corresponds to the force resulting from the torque that can be transmitted in the area of the associated slip clutch 20.
• the blocked brake 31, together with the automatically acting backstop 30 in the area of the drive station 16, results in the scanning of the mold strand 15 between the drive station 16 and the brake station 17, which is particularly desired at a standstill, which results in the desired end-face reinforcement of the casting molds 7.
• the side surfaces 14 can also be reinforced.
• clamping plates 21 resting on the side surfaces 14 of the casting molds 7 can be used.
• the clamping plates 21 are pivotally supported by two-armed angle levers 22 on a load iron 23 placed on the upper mold part 11 for weighting.
• the angle levers 22, with their arms projecting from the associated load iron 23, form an opening pair of scissors into which a stick 24 can be inserted in order to achieve a self-locking lock and further weighting.
• a feed device 127 arranged upstream of the drive station 16 is provided downstream of the braking station 17 of each mold strand 15 . Downstream of the braking station 17 of each mold strand 15 is a take-off device 28, with which the foremost mold of the associated mold strand can be pulled off the front end of the strand.
• the feed device 127 and the take-off device 28 here also consist, as can be seen from FIG. 3, of three pairs of drive rollers 25 which are coupled to an assigned drive element 29 via slip clutches 20 which can be set with regard to the transmissible torque.
• the respectively assigned slip clutches 20 can be set to a relatively small transmission torque, so that the associated drive elements 29 spin empty when a slight resistance occurs , which counteracts stress on the assigned mold.
• a feed force of 100 N in the area of the feed device 127 has proven to be particularly expedient.
• the delivery device 127 and the withdrawal device 28 run to accomplish an effective infeed or an effective deduction, each with a speed slightly exceeding the transport speed of the assigned mold strand, and the speed difference in the area of the delivery device 127 is preferably selected such that the resulting kinetic energy when the casting mold to be started hits the rear End of the mold strand in the plastic region of the molding sand is receivable and is not sufficient to offset the upper mold part relative to the associated lower mold part.
• a speed difference of the order of 5 cm / s has proven to be particularly useful.
• the translation units 10 are integrated into the feed device 127 or the take-off device 28. If, as in the illustrated exemplary embodiment, a plurality of rollers or pairs of rollers are driven via a drive element and a respective slip clutch 20, these are of course rotationally connected to one another by chains, gearwheels or the like.
• a transport device for a mold strand likewise designated 15, which consists of casting molds 7 lined up with a vertical parting joint. 5, or so-called double block molds, each consisting of an upper part and a lower part and tilted by 90 ° after completion, according to FIG. 6.
• the transport of the mold strand 15 takes place gradually according to the replenishment of new ones Casting molds from the molding station, not shown here.
• the entire strand 15, which consists of casting molds 7 arranged in a row rests on a plurality of transport units arranged one behind the other.
• the transport units are designed as incrementally movable back and forth grates 34, which consist of a plurality of rails arranged next to one another at a distance and mesh with a grate 35 extending over the entire length of the associated mold strand 15, which also consists of a plurality of rails arranged next to one another at a distance exists, which engage with sufficient running play between the rails of the conveyor grates 34 forming the transport units.
• the standing grate 35 is arranged in a stationary manner.
• the conveying grates 34 are received on a roller conveyor, also designated 6, the structure and mode of operation of which corresponds essentially to the roller conveyor 6 according to FIGS. 2 and 3. The same reference numerals are therefore used for the same parts.
• the roller conveyor 6 accordingly also in the present exemplary embodiment consists of drive rollers 25 arranged in the region of its rear end to form a drive station, and brake rollers 26 arranged in the region of its front end to form a drive station
• Transmission torque is adjustable, be connected to an electric geared motor as a drive element, the electric geared motor assigned to the Brerasroilen 26 as in the above example according to FIGS. 2 and 3 3 is to be provided with a blocking brake of the type indicated at 31 in FIG. 3 and a freewheel of the type indicated at 32 at FIG. 3 is also to be provided in the kinematic drive chain hoist.
• the operating sequence during the acceleration, movement and braking phase is the same as described above with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.
• the conveyor grates 34 each hold a plurality of casting molds 7 arranged one behind the other.
• the length of the conveyor grates 34 is, however, dimensioned such that the molds 7 received thereon together have a somewhat greater overall length.
• the torque which can be transmitted with the slip clutch assigned to the drive rollers 25 is set to such a value that the required thrust force for accelerating the mold strand 15 can be transmitted straight.
• the slip clutch assigned to the brake rollers 26 can expediently be set to a somewhat smaller value.
• the mold strand 15 can be accommodated on the conveyor grates 34, the associated drive rollers 25 and brake rollers 26 being blocked to counter thermal expansion of the mold strand 15 against or in the direction of conveyance, likewise as in FIG 2 and 3.
• a backstop or a blocking brake can also be provided.
• the force counteracting the thermal expansion force corresponds to the force resulting from the transmission torque set on the couplings 20, which is expediently above the thermal expansion force in order to completely prevent thermal expansion. If the mold strand 15 rests on the support grid 35 during the breaks, the thermal expansion is contained by the frictional force in the area of the strand support.
• the standing grate 35 and the conveyor grates 34 serving as transport units are alternatively adjustable relative to one another in the vertical direction in such a way that the mold strand 15 either rests on the conveyor grates 34, as indicated in FIG. 5, or on the stand grate 35, as indicated in FIG. 6 .
• the mold strand 15 set down on the conveyor grates 34 is thereby moved forward by the length of a casting mold and placed on the grate 35 at the end of the assigned movement path.
• the released conveyor grates 34 are then returned to their starting position. This can be accomplished, for example, by reversing the drive rollers 25.
• the distance between the individual conveyor grates is kept constant by suitable drivers
• a feed device 127 is provided between the rearmost conveyor grate 34 in the transport direction and the molding station, not shown.
• This consists of a push-on carriage 36 placed on drive rollers 25, which has rails spaced apart from one another to the same extent as the conveyor grates 34 can engage between the rails of the grate 35.
• the push-on carriage 36 is connected to the adjacent conveyor grate 34 via guide pins 37, which ensure exact centering.
• adjustable shields 39 are provided, one of which can be locked against an adjustable stop on the carriage frame and the other is adjustable by means of a Zyllnder piston unit.
• the mold inserted between the shields 39 is hereby pressed onto the lockable shield and thus precisely aligned.
• double block molds which consist of an upper part 11 and a lower part 12
• a carriage with an angular grate is used which, as shown in FIG. 6, can be tilted by 90 ° about an axis of rotation 40, so that joint lines 41 which are aligned perpendicular to the transport plane are subsequently formed surrender.
• the drive rollers 25 assigned to the feed device 127 are also adjustable via a force
• Slip clutch with an associated. Drive motor connected.
• the torque that can be transmitted by this slip clutch must be set so that the resulting thrust force is approximately 100 N.
• this clutch rotates, so that deformation or damage to the casting mold is avoided with certainty.
• Drive rollers 25 are set so that a speed süberschreib the casting mold to be compared to the moving mold strand 15 by about 5 cm / s results.
• the kinetic energy released when the casting mold hits the rear end of the mold strand is absorbed in the plastic region of the molding material, so that shock-like loads and thus deformations and damage are also avoided from this side.
• the connection of a new casting mold to the rear end of the mold strand 15 in the direction of transport expediently takes place during the forward movement brought about by the conveyor grates 34 with the standing grate 35 lowered.
• the last casting mold 7 in each case is pushed off a transport device 42 leading to an unpacking station which is not shown in detail .
• the backward movement of the push-on carriage 36 into its starting position can also be expediently accomplished by reversing the assigned drive rollers 25.
• slip clutches 20 used according to the invention are expediently designed as contactless electrostatic hysteresis clutches, which ensures complete freedom from wear.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Casting Devices For Molds (AREA)

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• 1981
  • 1981-03-09 JP JP56500898A patent/JPS6323870B2/ja not_active Expired
  • 1981-03-09 WO PCT/DE1981/000041 patent/WO1981002698A1/de active IP Right Grant
  • 1981-03-09 US US06/315,532 patent/US4438801A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1981-03-09 EP EP81900652A patent/EP0048248B1/de not_active Expired
  • 1981-03-09 DE DE8181900652T patent/DE3168715D1/de not_active Expired

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