USRE46792E1 - Oxazole compound and pharmaceutical composition - Google Patents

Oxazole compound and pharmaceutical composition Download PDF

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USRE46792E1
USRE46792E1 US15/623,249 US200615623249A USRE46792E US RE46792 E1 USRE46792 E1 US RE46792E1 US 200615623249 A US200615623249 A US 200615623249A US RE46792 E USRE46792 E US RE46792E
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oxazol
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phenyl
lower alkoxy
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Minoru Okada
Masaya Kato
Norifumi Sato
Tetsuyuki Uno
Hideki Kitagaki
Junpei Haruta
Hidetaka Hiyama
Tomonori Shibata
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Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
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    • A61K31/4965—Non-condensed pyrazines
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    • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
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    • C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D263/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D263/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
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    • C07D263/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C12Y301/04—Phosphoric diester hydrolases (3.1.4)
    • C12Y301/04012—Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase (3.1.4.12)

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to new oxazole compounds and pharmaceutical compositions.
  • PDE4 phosphodiesterase 4
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a compound that has a PDE4 inhibitory action and is free from the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.
  • the present inventors conducted extensive research to solve the above problems, and succeeded in synthesizing an oxazole compound with a novel structure, the compound having high specificity and a strong PDE4 inhibitory action. Further, the present inventors found that the oxazole compound is capable of exhibiting preventive and/or therapeutic effects on PDE-mediated diseases, and in particular atopic dermatitis, based on its PDE4 inhibitory action. Furthermore, the inventors found that the compound has low penetration into blood when administered transdermally, and thus has low systemic side effects.
  • the present inventors further found that the oxazole compound is capable of exhibiting a tumor necrosis factor- ⁇ (TNF- ⁇ ) production inhibitory action.
  • TNF- ⁇ tumor necrosis factor- ⁇
  • the oxazole compound of the present invention is extremely effective for the treatment of TNF- ⁇ -mediated diseases.
  • the present invention has been accomplished by further research based on the above findings.
  • the present invention provides a oxazole compound, a pharmaceutical composition comprising said compound, a use of said compound, a method for treating or preventing a disorder, and a process for producing said compound, as described in Item 1 to 14 below.
  • R 1 is an aryl group which may have one or more substituents selected from the following (1-1) to (1-11): (1-1) hydroxy groups, (1-2) unsubstituted or halogen-substituted lower alkoxy groups, (1-3) lower alkenyloxy groups, (1-4) lower alkynyloxy groups, (1-5) cyclo C 3-8 alkyl lower alkoxy groups, (1-6) cyclo C 3-8 alkyloxy groups, (1-7) cyclo C 3-8 alkenyloxy groups, (1-8) dihydroindenyloxy groups, (1-9) hydroxy lower alkoxy groups, (1-10) oxiranyl lower alkoxy groups, and (1-11) protected hydroxy groups; R 2 is an aryl group or a nitrogen atom-containing heterocyclic group each of which may have one or more substituents selected from the following (2-1) to (2-10): (2-1) hydroxy groups, (2-2) unsubstituted or halogen-substituted lower alkoxy groups
  • Item 2 The compound according to item 1, wherein R 1 is a phenyl group which has 1 to 3 substituents selected from the following (1-2), (1-3), (1-4) and (1-5):
  • R 2 is a phenyl group or a pyridyl group each of which may have 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of the following (2-2), (2-3), (2-4) and (2-5):
  • W is a divalent group represented by Formula (i): —Y 1 -A 1 - Formula (i) wherein A 1 is a lower alkylene group, and Y 1 is —C( ⁇ O)— or —C( ⁇ O)—N(R 3 )— wherein R 3 is a hydrogen atom.
  • R 2 is a phenyl group or a pyridyl group each of which may have 1 to 2 substituents selected from the following (2-2), (2-3), (2-4) and (2-5):
  • W is a divalent group represented by Formula (i): —Y 1 -A 1 - Formula (i) wherein A 1 is a lower alkylene group, and Y 1 is —C( ⁇ O)— or —C( ⁇ O)—N(R 3 )— wherein R 3 is a hydrogen atom.
  • Item 4 The compound according to item 3, wherein R 1 is a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl ring with two lower alkoxy groups, a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl ring with one lower alkoxy group and one Cyclo C 3-8 alkyl lower alkoxy group, a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl ring with one lower alkoxy group and one halogen-substituted lower alkoxy group, a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl group with one lower alkoxy group and one lower alkenyloxy group, a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl ring with one halogen-substituted lower alkoxy group and one cyclo C 3-8 alkyl lower alkoxy group, a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl ring with one halogen-substituted lower alkoxy group and one lower alkenyloxy group, or a phenyl group
  • R 2 is a lower alkoxyphenyl group, a lower alkenyloxyphenyl group, a halogen-substituted lower alkoxyphenyl group, a lower alkylpyridyl group, or a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl ring with one lower alkoxy group and one halogen atom; and
  • W is a divalent group represented by Formula (i): —Y 1 -A 1 - Formula (i) wherein A 1 is a C 1-4 alkylene group, and Y 1 is —C( ⁇ O)— or —C( ⁇ O)—N(R 3 )— wherein R 3 is a hydrogen atom.
  • R 1 is a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl ring with two lower alkoxy groups, a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl ring with one lower alkoxy group and one cyclo C 3-8 alkyl lower alkoxy group, a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl ring with one lower alkoxy group and one halogen-substituted lower alkoxy group, a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl group with one lower alkoxy group and one lower alkenyloxy group, a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl ring with one halogen-substituted lower alkoxy group and one cyclo C 3-8 alkyl lower alkoxy group, a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl ring with one halogen-substituted lower alkoxy group and one lower alkenyloxy group, or a phenyl group
  • R 2 is a lower alkoxyphenyl group, a lower alkenyloxy phenyl group, a halogen-substituted lower alkoxyphenyl group, a lower alkylpyridyl group, or a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl ring with one lower alkoxy group and one halogen atom; and
  • W is a divalent group represented by Formula (i) —Y 1 -A 1 - Formula (i) wherein A 1 is a C 1-4 alkylene group, and Y 1 is —C( ⁇ O)—.
  • Item 6 The compound according to item 4, wherein R 1 is a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl ring with one lower alkoxy group and one halogen-substituted lower alkoxy group, a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl ring with one halogen-substituted lower alkoxy group and one cyclo C 3-8 alkyl lower alkoxy group, or a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl ring with one halogen-substituted lower alkoxy group and one lower alkenyloxy group;
  • R 2 is a lower alkoxyphenyl group or a lower alkylpyridyl group
  • W is a divalent group represented by Formula (i): —Y 1 -A 1 - Formula (i) wherein A 1 is a C 1-4 alkylene group, and Y 1 is —C( ⁇ O)—N(R 3 )— wherein R 3 is a hydrogen atom.
  • Item 7 A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound or salt according to any one of items 1 to 6 as an active ingredient and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Item 8 A pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing phosphodiesterase 4-mediated and/or tumor necrosis factor- ⁇ -mediated diseases, the composition comprising the compound or salt according to any one of items 1 to 6.
  • Item 9 A pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing atopic dermatitis, the composition comprising the compound or salt according to any one of items 1 to 6.
  • Item 10 A process for producing a pharmaceutical composition, the process comprising mixing the compound or salt according to any one of items 1 to 6 with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Item 11 Use of the compound or salt according to any one of items 1 to 6 as a drug.
  • Item 12 Use of the compound or salt according to any one of items 1 to 6 as a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor and/or tumor necrosis factor- ⁇ production inhibitor.
  • Item 13 A method for treating or preventing phosphodiesterase 4-mediated and/or tumor necrosis factor- ⁇ -mediated diseases, the method comprising administering the compound or salt according to any one of items 1 to 6 to human or animal.
  • R 1 , R 2 and W are the same as defined in item 1, or a salt thereof, the process comprising a reaction of a compound represented by Formula (2):
  • R 2 and W are the same as defined above, and X is a halogen atom, or a salt thereof, with a compound represented by Formula (3):
  • R 1 is the same as defined above, or a salt thereof.
  • R 1 is preferably a phenyl group.
  • the phenyl group represented by R 1 preferably has 1 to 3, and more preferably 2, substituents selected from the group consisting of (1-2) unsubstituted or halogen-substituted lower alkoxy groups, (1-3) lower alkenyloxy groups, (1-4) lower alkynyloxy groups, and (1-5) cyclo C 3-8 alkyl lower alkoxy groups.
  • R 2 is preferably a phenyl group or a pyridyl group.
  • the phenyl group or pyridyl group represented by R 2 preferably has 1 to 3, and more preferably 1, substituents selected from the group consisting of (2-2) unsubstituted or halogen-substituted lower alkoxy groups, (2-3) unsubstituted or halogen-substituted lower alkyl groups, (2-4) lower alkenyloxy groups, and (2-5) halogen atoms.
  • W is preferably a divalent group represented by Formula (i) —Y 1 -A 1 -.
  • A is preferably a lower alkylene group;
  • Y 1 is preferably —C( ⁇ O)— or —C( ⁇ O)—N(R 3 )—; and
  • R 3 is preferably a hydrogen atom.
  • oxazole compounds of the present invention those represented by Formula (1A) and salts thereof are preferable, and those represented by Formula (1B) and salts thereof are more preferable.
  • R 1 is a phenyl group having two substituents selected from the following (1-2), (1-3), (1-4) and (1-5): (1-2) unsubstituted or halogen-substituted lower alkoxy groups, (1-3) lower alkenyloxy groups, (1-4) lower alkynyloxy groups, and (1-5) cyclo C 3-8 alkyl lower alkoxy groups;
  • R 2 is a phenyl group or a pyridyl group each of which may have one or more substituents selected from the following (2-2), (2-3), (2-4) and (2-5): (2-2) unsubstituted or halogen-substituted lower alkoxy groups, (2-3) unsubstituted or halogen-substituted lower alkyl groups, (2-4) lower alkenyloxy groups, and (2-5) halogen atoms; and W is a divalent group represented by Formula (i): —Y 1 -A 1 - Formula (i) wherein
  • R 1 is a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl ring with two lower alkoxy groups, a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl ring with one lower alkoxy group and one cyclo C 3-8 alkyl lower alkoxy group, a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl ring with one lower alkoxy group and one halogen-substituted lower alkoxy group, a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl group with one lower alkoxy group and one lower alkenyloxy group, a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl ring with one halogen-substituted lower alkoxy group and one cyclo C 3-8 alkyl lower alkoxy group, a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl ring with one halogen-substituted lower alkoxy group and one lower alkenyloxy group, or a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl ring
  • R 1 is an aryl group.
  • the aryl group may have 1 to 3, and preferably 2, substituents selected from the group consisting of (1-1) hydroxy groups, (1-2) unsubstituted or halogen-substituted lower alkoxy groups, (1-3) lower alkenyloxy groups, (1-4) lower alkynyloxy groups, (1-5) cyclo C 3-8 alkyl lower alkoxy groups, (1-6) cyclo C 3-8 alkyloxy groups, (1-7) cyclo C 3-8 alkenyloxy groups, (1-8) dihydroindenyloxy groups, (1-9) hydroxy lower alkoxy groups, (1-10) oxiranyl lower alkoxy groups, and (1-11) protected hydroxy groups.
  • R 2 is an aryl group or a nitrogen atom-containing heterocyclic group.
  • the aryl group and heterocyclic group may have 1 to 3, and preferably 1, substituent selected from the group consisting of (2-1) hydroxy groups, (2-2) unsubstituted or halogen-substituted lower alkoxy groups, (2-3) unsubstituted or halogen-substituted lower alkyl groups, (2-4) lower alkenyloxy groups, (2-5) halogen atoms, (2-6) lower alkanoyl groups, (2-7) lower alkylthio groups, (2-8) lower alkylsulfonyl groups, (2-9) oxo groups, and (2-10) lower alkoxy lower alkoxy groups.
  • W is a divalent group represented by Formula (i) or (ii): —Y 1 -A 1 - Formula (i) —Y 2 —C( ⁇ O)— Formula (ii) wherein A 1 is a lower alkenylene group, or a lower alkylene group which may have 1 to 3, and preferably 1, substituent selected from the group consisting of hydroxy groups and lower alkoxycarbonyl groups; Y 1 is a direct bond, —C( ⁇ O)—, —C( ⁇ O)—N(R 3 )—, —N(R 4 )—C( ⁇ O)—, —S(O) m —NH—, or —S(O) n — wherein R 3 and R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, and m and n are each independently an integer from 0 to 2; and Y 2 is a piperazinediyl group, or a divalent group represented by Formula (iii) or (
  • aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, etc.
  • halogen atoms include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, etc.
  • Lower alkyl groups are straight- or branched-chain alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, 3-methylpentyl, etc.
  • Unsubstituted or halogen-substituted lower alkyl groups are straight- or branched-chain alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms as defined above, or such alkyl groups substituted with 1 to 7 halogen atoms.
  • Examples thereof include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, 3-methyl pentyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, bromomethyl, dibromomethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2-chloroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, heptafluoropropyl, heptafluoroisopropyl, 3-chloropropyl, 2-chloropropyl
  • Lower alkenyloxy groups are groups composed of an oxygen atom and a C 2-6 straight- or branched-chain alkenyl group having 1 to 3 double bonds.
  • Lower alkenyloxy groups have cis and trans forms. More specific examples thereof include vinyloxy, 1-propenyloxy, 2-propenyloxy, 1-methyl-1-propenyloxy, 2-methyl-1-propenyloxy, 2-methyl-2-propenyloxy, 2-propenyloxy, 2-butenyloxy, 1-butenyloxy, 3-butenyloxy, 2-pentenyloxy, 1-pentenyloxy, 3-pentenyloxy, 4-pentenyloxy, 1,3-butadienyloxy, 1,3-pentadienyloxy, 2-penten-4-yloxy, 3-methyl-2-butenyloxy, 2-hexenyloxy, 1-hexenyloxy, 5-hexenyloxy, 3-hexenyloxy, 4-hexenyloxy, 3,3-dimethyl
  • lower alkynyloxy groups include groups composed of an oxygen atom and a C 2-6 straight- or branched-chain alkynyl group having 1 to 3 triple bonds. More specific examples thereof include ethynyloxy, 2-propynyloxy, 2-butynyloxy, 3-butynyloxy, 1-methyl-2-propynyloxy, 2-pentynyloxy, 2-hexynyloxy, etc.
  • cyclo C 3-8 alkyl groups examples include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, etc.
  • lower alkoxy groups include C 1-6 straight- or branched-chain alkoxy groups.
  • such groups include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, tert-butoxy, sec-butoxy, 1-ethylpropoxy, n-pentoxy, neopentoxy, n-hexyloxy, isohexyloxy, 3-methylpentoxy, etc.
  • cyclo C 3-8 alkyl lower alkoxy groups include the above-mentioned lower alkoxy groups which have 1 to 3, and preferably 1, cyclo C 3-8 alkyl group as listed above. More specific examples thereof include cyclopropylmethoxy, cyclobutylmethoxy, cyclohexylmethoxy, 2-cyclopropylethoxy, 1-cyclobutylethoxy, cyclopentylmethoxy, 3-cyclopentylpropoxy, 4-cyclohexylbutoxy, 5-cycloheptylpentoxy, 6-cyclooctylhexyloxy, 1,1-dimethyl-2-cyclohexylethoxy, 2-methyl-3-cyclopropylpropoxy, etc.
  • cyclo C 3-8 alkyloxy groups include cyclopropyloxy, cyclobutyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, cycloheptyloxy, cyclooctyloxy, etc.
  • cyclo C 3-8 alkenyloxy groups include cyclopropenyloxy, cyclobutenyloxy, cyclopentenyloxy, cyclohexenyloxy, cycloheptenyloxy, cyclooctenyloxy, etc.
  • dihydroindenyloxy groups examples include 2,3-dihydroinden-1-yloxy, 2,3-dihydroinden-2-yloxy, etc.
  • hydroxy lower alkoxy groups include lower alkoxy groups (preferably C 1-6 straight- or branched-chain alkoxy groups) having 1 to 5, and preferably 1 to 3, hydroxy groups. More specific examples thereof include hydroxymethyloxy, 2-hydroxyethyloxy, 1-hydroxyethyloxy, 3-hydroxypropyloxy, 2,3-dihydroxypropyloxy, 4-hydroxybutyloxy, 3,4-dihydroxybutyloxy, 1,1-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyloxy, 5-hydroxypentyloxy, 6-hydroxyhexyloxy, 3,3-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropyloxy, 2-methyl-3-hydroxypropyloxy, 2,3,4-trihydroxybutyloxy, perhydroxyhexyloxy, etc.
  • oxiranyl lower alkoxy groups include C 1-6 straight- or branched-chain alkoxy groups having 1 or 2 oxyranyl groups such as, for example, oxiranylmethoxy, 2-oxiranylethoxy, 1-oxiranylethoxy, 3-oxiranylpropoxy, 4-oxiranylbutoxy, 5-oxiranylpentyloxy, 6-oxiranylhexyloxy, 1,1-dimethyl-2-oxiranylethoxy, 2-methyl-3-oxiranylpropoxy, etc.
  • oxiranyl lower alkoxy groups include C 1-6 straight- or branched-chain alkoxy groups having 1 or 2 oxyranyl groups such as, for example, oxiranylmethoxy, 2-oxiranylethoxy, 1-oxiranylethoxy, 3-oxiranylpropoxy, 4-oxiranylbutoxy, 5-oxiranylpentyloxy, 6-oxiranylhexyloxy, 1,1-dimethyl-2-oxiranylethoxy
  • protecting groups of protected hydroxy groups include lower alkanoyl and other acyl groups; phenyl (lower)alkyl groups which may have one or more suitable substituents (e.g., benzyl, phenethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, trityl, etc.); trisubstituted silyl groups [e.g., tri(lower)alkylsilyl groups (e.g., trimethylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, etc.) and the like]; tetrahydropyranyl; etc.
  • suitable substituents e.g., benzyl, phenethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, trityl, etc.
  • trisubstituted silyl groups e.g., tri(lower)alkylsilyl groups (e.g., trimethylsilyl, t-buty
  • nitrogen atom-containing heterocyclic groups include pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidyl, hexahydropyrimidinyl, piperazinyl, octahydroisoindolyl, azepanyl, azocanyl, pyrrolyl, dihydropyrrolyl, imidazolyl, dihydroimidazolyl, triazolyl, dihydrotriazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl and N-oxides thereof, dihydropyridyl, pyrimidinyl, dihydropyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, dihydropyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, tetrazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, hexahydroisoindolinyl, benzoimidazolyl, quinolyl, iso
  • Unsubstituted or halogen-substituted lower alkoxy groups are straight- or branched-chain alkoxy groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or such alkoxy groups substituted with 1 to 7 halogen atoms. Examples thereof include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, tert-butoxy, sec-butoxy, 1-ethylpropoxy, n-pentoxy, neopentoxy, n-hexyloxy, isohexyloxy, 3-methylpentoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, chloromethoxy, dichloromethoxy, trichloromethoxy, bromomethoxy, dibromomethoxy, dichlorofluoromethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, pentafluoroethoxy,
  • lower alkanoyl groups include formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, pentanoyl, tert-butylcarbonyl, hexanoyl, and other C 1-6 straight- or branched-chain alkanoyl groups.
  • lower alkylthio groups include methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, tert-butylthio, n-pentylthio, n-hexylthio, and other C 1-6 straight- or branched-chain alkylthio groups.
  • lower alkylsulfonyl groups include C 1-6 straight- or branched-chain alkylsulfonyl groups. More specific examples thereof include methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, n-propylsulfonyl, isopropylsulfonyl, n-butylsulfonyl, isobutylsulfonyl, tert-butylsulfonyl, sec-butylsulfonyl, n-pentylsulfonyl, isopentylsulfonyl, neopentylsulfonyl, n-hexylsulfonyl, isohexylsulfonyl, 3-methylpentylsulfonyl, etc.
  • Lower alkenylene groups include, for example, vinylidene, propylene, butenylene, and other C 2-6 straight- or branched-chain alkenylene groups having 1 to 3 double bonds.
  • lower alkoxycarbonyl groups include groups composed of a C 1-6 straight- or branched-chain alkoxy group and a carbonyl group. Specific examples thereof include methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, n-propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, n-butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, sec-butoxycarbonyl, n-pentoxycarbonyl, neopentoxycarbonyl, n-hexyloxycarbonyl, isohexyloxycarbonyl, 3-methylpentoxycarbonyl, etc.
  • Lower alkylene groups include, for example, ethylene, trimethylene, 2-methyltrimethylene, 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene, 1-methyltrimethylene, methylmethylene, ethylmethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene, hexamethylene, and other C 1-6 straight- or branched-chain alkylene groups.
  • lower alkoxy lower alkoxy groups include alkoxyalkoxy groups in which the two alkoxy moieties are each independently a C 1-6 straight- or branched-chain alkoxy group. Specific examples thereof include methoxymethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, 3-methoxypropoxy, 4-methoxybutoxy, 5-methoxypentoxy, 6-methoxyhexyloxy, ethoxymethoxy, 2-ethoxyethoxy, n-propoxymethoxy, isopropoxymethoxy, n-butoxymethoxy, etc.
  • C 1-4 alkylene groups include ethylene, trimethylene, 2-methyltrimethylene, 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene, 1-methyltrimethylene, methylmethylene, ethylmethylene, tetramethylene, and other C 1-4 straight- or branched-chain alkylene groups.
  • the oxazole compound represented by Formula (1) can be produced by various processes, one example of which is shown in Reaction Scheme 1.
  • R 1 , R 2 and W are as defined in Formula (1), and X is a halogen atom.
  • Compound (1) is produced by reacting Compound (2) with Compound (3).
  • the reaction of Compound (2) with Compound (3) is usually performed in a suitable solvent.
  • suitable solvents include dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, acetonitrile, and other aprotic polar solvents; acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and other ketone solvents; benzene, toluene, xylene, tetralin, liquid paraffin, and other hydrocarbon solvents; methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, and other alcohol solvents; tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dipropyl ether, diethyl ether, dimethoxyethane, diglyme, and other ether solvents; ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, and other ester solvents; mixtures thereof; etc.
  • solvents may contain water.
  • the proportion of Compound (3) to Compound (2) is usually 0.5 to 5 mol, and preferably 0.5 to 3 mol, per mol of Compound (2).
  • the reaction of Compound (2) with Compound (3) is usually performed by continuing stirring at ⁇ 20 to 200° C., and preferably at 0 to 150° C., for 30 minutes to 60 hours, and preferably 1 to 30 hours.
  • Compound (3) used as a starting material is an easily available known compound.
  • Compound (2) encompasses novel compounds, and a production process for such a compound is described hereinafter (Reaction Scheme 9).
  • Compound (1a) Among the oxazole compounds represented by Formula (1), those in which W is a divalent group represented by —Y 1 -A 1 - wherein Y 1 is —C( ⁇ O)—N(R 3 )— (hereinafter referred to as “Compound (1a)”) can be produced by, for example, the process shown in Reaction Scheme 2.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and A 1 are as defined in Formula (1).
  • Compound (1a) is produced by reacting Compound (4) or a reactive derivative thereof at the carboxy group, with Compound (5) or a reactive derivative thereof at the amino or imino group.
  • reactive derivatives of Compound (4) include acid halides, acid anhydrides, activated amides, activated esters, etc.
  • reactive derivatives include acid chlorides; acid azides; dialkylphosphoric acids, phenylphosphoric acid, diphenylphosphoric acid, dibenzylphosphoric acid, phosphoric acid halides, and other substituted phosphoric acids, dialkylphosphorous acid, sulfurous acid, thiosulfuric acid, sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, and other sulfonic acids, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, pivalic acid, pentanoic acid, isopentanoic acid, 2-ethylbutyric acid, trichloroacetic acid, and other aliphatic carboxylic acids, and mixed acid anhydrides with acids such as benzoic acid or other aromatic acids; symmetrical acid anhydrides; activated amides with imidazole, 4-
  • condensing agent(s) When using Compound (4) in the form of a free acid or a salt thereof in the above reaction, it is preferable to perform the reaction in the presence of condensing agent(s).
  • condensing agents known in this field can be used, including, for example, N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; N-cyclohexyl-N′-morpholinoethylcarbodiimide; N-cyclohexyl-N′-(4-diethylaminocyclohexyl)carbodiimide; N,N′-diethylcarbodiimide; N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide; N-ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and hydrochlorides thereof; N,N′-carbonylbis(2-methylimidazole); pentamethyleneketene-N-cyclohexylimine; diphen
  • reactive derivatives of Compound (5) include Schiff base imino- or enamine-type tautomers produced by reacting Compound (5) with carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, etc.; silyl derivatives produced by reacting Compound (5) with silyl compounds such as bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide, mono(trimethylsilyl)acetamide, bis(trimethylsilyl)urea, etc.; derivatives produced by reacting Compound (5) with phosphorus trichloride, phosgene, etc.; and the like.
  • the reaction is usually carried out in a known solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction.
  • solvents include, for example, water; methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, and other alcohol solvents; acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and other ketone solvents; tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, diglyme, and other ether solvents; methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and other ester solvents; acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and other aprotic polar solvents; n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, cyclohexane, and other hydrocarbon solvents; methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, and other halogenated hydrocarbon solvents;
  • Inorganic bases include, for example, alkali metals (e.g., sodium, potassium, etc.), alkali metal hydrogencarbonates (e.g., lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate etc.), alkali metal hydroxides (e.g., lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, etc.), alkali metal carbonates (e.g., lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, etc.), alkali metal lower alkoxides (e.g., sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, etc.), and alkali metal hydrides (e.g., sodium hydride, potassium hydride, etc.).
  • alkali metals e.g., sodium, potassium, etc.
  • alkali metal hydrogencarbonates e.g., lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate etc.
  • alkali metal hydroxides e.g., lithium hydroxide
  • Organic bases include, for example, trialkylamines [e.g., trimethylamine, triethylamine, N-ethyldiisopropylamine, etc.], pyridine, quinoline, piperidine, imidazole, picoline, dimethylaminopyridine, dimethylaniline, N-methylmorpholine, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), etc.
  • trialkylamines e.g., trimethylamine, triethylamine, N-ethyldiisopropylamine, etc.
  • pyridine quinoline
  • piperidine imidazole
  • picoline dimethylaminopyridine
  • dimethylaniline dimethylaniline
  • N-methylmorpholine 1,5-diazabic
  • Such bases can be used singly or in combination.
  • the amount of base(s) is usually 0.1 to 10 moles, and preferably 0.1 to 3 moles, per mole of Compound (4).
  • the proportion of Compound (4) to Compound (5) in Reaction Scheme 1 is usually at least 1, and preferably about 1 to about 5 mol of the former per mol of the latter.
  • the reaction temperature is not limited, and the reaction can usually be performed with cooling, at room temperature, or with heating. It is suitable to perform the reaction in a temperature range from room temperature to 100° C., for 30 minutes to 30 hours, and preferably for 30 minutes to 5 hours.
  • Compound (1b) Among the oxazole compounds represented by Formula (1), those in which W is a divalent group represented by —Y 1 -A 1 - wherein Y 1 is —C( ⁇ O)— and A 1 is a lower alkylene group having one lower alkoxycarbonyl group (hereinafter referred to as “Compound (1b)”) can be produced, for example, by the process shown in Reaction Scheme 3.
  • R 1 and R 2 are as defined in Formula (1), R 7 and R 8 are each independently a lower alkyl group, and A 1a is a C 1-5 alkylene group.
  • the —COOR 8 group in Formula (1b) is the same as the lower alkoxycarbonyl group defined as a substituent of A 1 in Formula (1).
  • the lower alkyl group represented by R 7 may be the same as the lower alkyl group as defined above.
  • Examples of the C 1-5 alkylene group represented by A 1a include ethylene, trimethylene, 2-methyltrimethylene, 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene, 1-methyltrimethylene, methylmethylene, ethylmethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene, and other C 1-5 straight- or branched-chain alkylene groups.
  • Compound (1b) is produced by reacting Compound (6) with Compound (7).
  • the reaction is usually performed in a known solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction.
  • solvents include, for example, water; methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, and other alcohol solvents; acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and other ketone solvents; tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, dimethoxyethane, diglyme, and other ether solvents; methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and other ester solvents; acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, and other aprotic polar solvents; methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, and other halogenated hydrocarbon solvents; other organic solvents; and mixed solvents thereof.
  • Inorganic bases include, for example, alkali metals (e.g., lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.), alkali metal hydrogencarbonates (e.g., lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, etc.), alkali metal hydroxides (e.g., lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, etc.), alkali metal carbonates (e.g., lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, etc.), alkali metal lower alkoxides (e.g., sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, sodium tert-pentoxide, etc.), alkali metal hydrides (e.g., sodium hydride, potassium hydride, etc.), and the like.
  • alkali metals e.g., lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.
  • alkali metal hydrogencarbonates e.g.
  • Organic bases include, for example, trialkylamines (e.g., trimethylamine, triethylamine, N-ethyldiisopropylamine, etc.), pyridine, quinoline, piperidine, imidazole, picoline, dimethylaminopyridine, dimethylaniline, N-methylmorpholine, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), etc.
  • TBN 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene
  • DABCO 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
  • DBU 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene
  • bases When such bases are liquid, they can also be used as solvents.
  • bases can be used
  • the amount of base(s) is usually 0.5 to 10 mol, and preferably 0.5 to 6 mol, per mol of Compound (6).
  • the proportion of Compound (6) to Compound (7) is usually at least 1 mol, and preferably about 1 to about 5 mol of the former, per mol of the latter.
  • the reaction temperature is not limited, and the reaction can usually be performed with cooling, at room temperature, or with heating. It is suitable to perform the reaction in a temperature range from room temperature to 150° C., for 30 minutes to 60 hours, and preferably 1 to 30 minutes.
  • oxazole compounds represented by Formula (1) those in which W is a divalent group represented by —Y 1 -A 1 - wherein A 1 is a lower alkylene group (hereinafter referred to as “Compound (1d)”) are produced from the corresponding compounds in which A l is a lower alkylene group having lower alkoxycarbonyl group(s) (hereinafter referred to as “Compound (1c)”), by the process shown in Reaction Scheme 4.
  • R 1 , R 2 and Y 1 are as defined in Formula (1), A 1b is a lower alkylene group having lower alkoxycarbonyl group(s), and A 1c is a lower alkylene group.
  • Compound (1d) is produced by subjecting Compound (1c) to hydrolysis-decarboxylation.
  • the reaction is usually performed in a known solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction.
  • solvents include, for example, water; methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, and other alcohol solvents; acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and other ketone solvents; tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, dimethoxyethane, diglyme, and other ether solvents; methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and other ester solvents; acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, and other aprotic polar solvents; methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, and other halogenated hydrocarbon solvents; other organic solvents; and mixed solvents thereof.
  • the hydrolysis-decarboxylation of Compound (1c) is usually performed under acidic conditions. For example, an acid is added to a suspension or solution of Compound (1c) in a suitable solvent, and the resulting mixture is stirred at 0 to 120° C. to carry out the hydrolysis-decarboxylation.
  • Examples of usable acids include trifluoroacetic acid, acetic acid, and other organic acids, hydrochloric acid, bromic acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, and other inorganic acids, etc.
  • organic acids can also be used as reaction solvents.
  • the amount of acid(s) is usually 0.5 to 30 mol, and preferably 0.5 to 10 mol, per mol of Compound (1c).
  • the reaction temperature is usually 0 to 120° C., and preferably room temperature to 110° C.
  • the reaction time is usually 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 12 hours, and more preferably 1 to 8 hours.
  • R 2 and W are as defined in Formula (1);
  • R 9 is a protected hydroxy group;
  • R 10 is the same group as the substituent (1-2), (1-3), (1-4), (1-5), (1-6), (1-7), (1-8), (1-9) or (1-10) of the aryl group represented by R 1 in Formula (1);
  • m is 1 to 5;
  • q is 0 to 4;
  • m R 9 s may be the same or different; and
  • q R 10 s may be the same or different; with the proviso that m+q ⁇ 5.
  • Compound (1f) can be produced by subjecting Compound (1e) to an elimination reaction of the hydroxy protecting group(s).
  • the elimination reaction can be carried out by hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis, or other conventional methods.
  • the reaction is usually performed in a known solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction.
  • solvents include, for example, water; methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, and other alcohol solvents; acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and other ketone solvents; tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, dimethoxyethane, diglyme, and other ether solvents; methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and other ester solvents; acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, and other aprotic polar solvents; methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, and other halogenated hydrocarbon solvents; and other organic solvents.
  • Hydrolysis is preferably carried out in the presence of base(s) or acid(s) (including Lewis acids).
  • inorganic and organic bases are usable.
  • inorganic bases include alkali metals (e.g., sodium, potassium, etc.), alkaline earth metals (e.g., magnesium, calcium, etc.), hydroxides, carbonates and hydrogencarbonates thereof, etc.
  • organic bases include trialkylamines (e.g., trimethylamine, triethylamine, etc.), picoline, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4,3,0]non-5-ene, etc.
  • organic and inorganic acids are usable.
  • Preferable organic acids include, for example, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, and other fatty acids; trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, and other trihaloacetic acids; and the like.
  • Preferable inorganic acids include, for example, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, etc.
  • Lewis acids include boron trifluoride ether complexes, boron tribromide, aluminium chloride, ferric chloride, etc.
  • a cation scavenger e.g., anisole, phenol, etc.
  • the amount of base(s) or acid(s) is not limited as long as it is an amount necessary for hydrolysis.
  • the reaction temperature is usually 0 to 120° C., preferably room temperature to 100° C., and more preferably room temperature to 80° C.
  • the reaction time is usually 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 12 hours, and more preferably 1 to 8 hours.
  • Hydrogenolysis can be carried out by a wide variety of known methods including, for example, chemical reduction, catalytic reduction, etc.
  • Suitable reducing agents for chemical reduction include hydrides (e.g., hydrogen iodide, hydrogen sulfide, lithium aluminium hydride, sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, etc.); and combinations of metals (e.g., tin, zinc, iron, etc.) or metallic compounds (e.g., chromium chloride, chromium acetate, etc.), with organic or inorganic acids (e.g., formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, etc.).
  • hydrides e.g., hydrogen iodide, hydrogen sulfide, lithium aluminium hydride, sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, etc.
  • metals e.g., tin, zinc, iron, etc.
  • metallic compounds e.g., chromium chloride,
  • Suitable catalysts for catalytic reduction include platinum catalysts (e.g., platinum plates, spongy platinum, platinum black, colloidal platinum, platinum oxide, platinum wires, etc.), palladium catalysts (e.g., spongy palladium, palladium black, palladium oxide, palladium carbon, palladium/barium sulfate, palladium/barium carbonate, etc.), nickel catalysts (e.g., reduced nickel, nickel oxide, Raney nickel, etc.), cobalt catalysts (e.g., reduced cobalt, Raney cobalt, etc.), iron catalysts (e.g., reduced iron and the like), etc.
  • platinum catalysts e.g., platinum plates, spongy platinum, platinum black, colloidal platinum, platinum oxide, platinum wires, etc.
  • palladium catalysts e.g., spongy palladium, palladium black, palladium oxide, palladium carbon, palladium/barium sulfate, palladium
  • the amounts of reducing agent for chemical reduction and catalyst for catalytic reduction are not limited and may be conventional amounts.
  • the reaction temperature is usually 0 to 120° C., preferably room temperature to 100° C., and more preferably room temperature to 80° C.
  • the reaction time is usually 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 10 hours, and more preferably 30 minutes to 4 hours.
  • Compound (1 g) those in which R 1 is a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl ring with R 11 O— group(s) (hereinafter referred to as “Compound (1 g)”) are produced from Compound (1f), by the process shown in Reaction Scheme 6.
  • R 2 and W are as defined in Formula (1); R 10 , m and q are as defined above; X 1 is a halogen atom or a group that undergoes the same substitution reaction as that of a halogen atom; R 11 O is the same group as the substituent (1-2), (1-3), (1-4), (1-5), (1-6), (1-7), (1-8), (1-9) or (1-10) of the aryl group represented by R 1 in Formula (1); and m R 11 Os may be the same or different.
  • the halogen atom represented by X 1 is a fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, or iodine atom.
  • Examples of the group that undergoes the same substitution reaction as that of a halogen atom, the group being represented by X 1 , include lower alkanesulfonyloxy groups, arylsulfonyloxy groups, aralkylsulfonyloxy groups, etc.
  • lower alkanesulfonyloxy groups include methanesulfonyloxy, ethanesulfonyloxy, isopropanesulfonyloxy, n-propanesulfonyloxy, n-butanesulfonyloxy, tert-butanesulfonyloxy, n-pentanesulfonyloxy, n-hexanesulfonyloxy, and other C 1-6 straight- or branched-chain alkanesulfonyloxy groups, and the like.
  • Arylsulfonyloxy groups include, for example, phenylsulfonyloxy, naphthylsulfonyloxy, etc.
  • the phenyl ring of such arylsulfonyloxy groups may have, for example, 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 straight- or branched-chain alkyl groups, C 1-6 straight- or branched-chain alkoxy groups, nitro groups, and halogen atoms.
  • arylsulfonyloxy groups include phenylsulfonyloxy, 4-methylphenylsulfonyloxy, 2-methylphenylsulfonyloxy, 4-nitrophenylsulfonyloxy, 4-methoxyphenylsulfonyloxy, 2-nitrophenylsulfonyloxy, 3-chlorophenylsulfonyloxy, etc.
  • naphthylsulfonyloxy groups include ⁇ -naphthylsulfonyloxy, ⁇ -naphthylsulfonyloxy, etc.
  • Aralkylsulfonyloxy groups include, for example, phenyl-substituted C 1-6 straight- or branched-chain alkylsulfonyloxy groups which may have, on the phenyl ring, 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 straight- or branched-chain alkyl groups, C 1-6 straight- or branched-chain alkoxy groups, nitro groups, and halogen atoms; naphthyl-substituted C 1-6 straight- or branched-chain alkylsulfonyloxy groups; etc.
  • phenyl-substituted alkylsulfonyloxy groups as mentioned above include benzylsulfonyloxy, 2-phenylethylsulfonyloxy, 4-phenylbutylsulfonyloxy, 2-methylbenzylsulfonyloxy, 4-methoxybenzylsulfonyloxy, 4-nitrobenzylsulfonyloxy, 3-chlorobenzylsulfonyloxy, etc.
  • naphthyl-substituted alkylsulfonyloxy groups as mentioned above include ⁇ -naphthylmethylsulfonyloxy, ⁇ -naphthylmethylsulfonyloxy, etc.
  • Compound (1 g) is produced by reacting Compound (1f) with Compound (8), or by reacting Compound (1f) with Compound (8′).
  • the reaction of Compound (1f) with Compound (8) is usually performed in a known solvent that does adversely affect the reaction.
  • solvents include, for example, water; methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, and other alcohol solvents; acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and other ketone solvents; tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, diglyme, and other ether solvents; methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and other ester solvents; acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and other aprotic polar solvents; methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, and other halogenated hydrocarbon solvents; other organic solvents; mixed solvents thereof; etc.
  • base(s) include known inorganic and organic bases.
  • Inorganic bases include, for example, alkali metals (e.g., sodium, potassium, etc.), alkali metal hydrogencarbonates (e.g., lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, etc.), alkali metal hydroxides (e.g., lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, etc.), alkali metal carbonates (e.g., lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, etc.), alkali metal lower alkoxides (e.g., sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, etc.), alkali metal hydrides (e.g., sodium hydride, potassium hydride, etc.), and the like.
  • alkali metals e.g., sodium, potassium, etc.
  • alkali metal hydrogencarbonates e.g., lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, etc
  • Organic bases include, for example, trialkylamines (e.g., trimethylamine, triethylamine, N-ethyldiisopropylamine, etc.), pyridine, quinoline, piperidine, imidazole, picoline, dimethylaminopyridine, dimethylaniline, N-methylmorpholine, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), etc.
  • TBN 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene
  • DABCO 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
  • DBU 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene
  • bases When such bases are liquid, they can also be used as solvents.
  • bases can be used
  • the amount of base(s) is usually 0.5 to 10 mol, and preferably 0.5 to 6 mol, per mol of Compound (1f).
  • alkali metals such as potassium iodide, sodium iodide, etc. can be added as reaction accelerators to the reaction system, as required.
  • the proportion of Compound (1f) to Compound (8) is usually at least 1 mol, and preferably about 1 to about 5 mol of the latter, per mol of the former.
  • the reaction temperature is not limited, and the reaction can usually be performed with cooling, at room temperature, or with heating. It is suitable to perform the reaction at about room temperature for 1 to 30 hours.
  • the reaction of Compound (1f) with Compound (8′) is usually performed in a known solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction.
  • solvents include, for example, water; methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, and other alcohol solvents; acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and other ketone solvents; tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, diglyme, and other ether solvents; methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and other ester solvents; acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and other aprotic polar solvents; benzene, toluene, xylene, and other aromatic hydrocarbon solvents; methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, and other halogenated hydrocarbon solvents; other organic solvents; mixed solvents thereof; etc.
  • the reaction is usually performed in the presence of dialkyl azodicarboxylate(s) such as diisopropyl azodicarboxylate, diethyl azodicarboxylate, etc., and phosphine ligand(s) such as triphenyl phosphine, tri(n-butyl)phosphine, etc.
  • dialkyl azodicarboxylate(s) such as diisopropyl azodicarboxylate, diethyl azodicarboxylate, etc.
  • phosphine ligand(s) such as triphenyl phosphine, tri(n-butyl)phosphine, etc.
  • the amount of dialkyl azodicarboxylate(s) is usually 0.5 to 10 mol, and preferably 0.5 to 6 mol, per mole of Compound (1f).
  • phosphine ligand(s) is usually 0.5 to 10 mol, and preferably 0.5 to 6 mol
  • Inorganic bases include, for example, alkali metals (e.g., sodium, potassium, etc.), alkali metal hydrogencarbonates (e.g., lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, etc.), alkali metal hydroxides (e.g., lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, etc.), alkali metal carbonates (e.g., lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, etc.), alkali metal lower alkoxides (e.g., sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, etc.), alkali metal hydrides (e.g., sodium hydride, potassium hydride, etc.), and the like.
  • alkali metals e.g., sodium, potassium, etc.
  • alkali metal hydrogencarbonates e.g., lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, etc.
  • alkali metal hydroxides e.g.
  • Organic bases include, for example, trialkylamines (e.g., trimethylamine, triethylamine, N-ethyldiisopropylamine, etc.), pyridine, quinoline, piperidine, imidazole, picoline, dimethylaminopyridine, dimethylaniline, N-methylmorpholine, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), etc.
  • TBN 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene
  • DABCO 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
  • DBU 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene
  • bases When such bases are liquid, they can also be used as solvents.
  • bases can be used
  • the amount of base(s) is usually 0.5 to 10 mol, and preferably 0.5 to 6 mol, per mol of Compound (1f).
  • the proportion of Compound (1f) to Compound (8′) is usually at least 1 mol, and preferably about 1 to about 5 mol of the latter, per mol of the former.
  • the reaction temperature is not limited, and the reaction can usually be performed with cooling, at room temperature, or with heating. It is suitable to perform the reaction at about room temperature for 1 to 30 hours.
  • Compound (1h) Among the oxazole compounds represented by Formula (1), those in which W is a divalent group represented by —Y 1 -A 1 - wherein Y 1 is —C( ⁇ O) and A 1 is a lower alkenylene group (hereinafter referred to as “Compound (1h)”) can be produced by, for example, the process shown in Reaction Scheme 7.
  • R 1 and R 2 are as defined in Formula (1), and A 1d is a C 2-4 alkenylene group, a C 1-4 alkylene group, or a direct bond.
  • Each of the C 2-4 alkenyl group and C 1-4 alkylene group may be straight- or branched-chain.
  • —CH ⁇ CH-A 1d corresponds to the lower alkenylene group represented by A 1 in Formula (1).
  • Compound (1h) is produced by reacting Compound (9) with Compound (10).
  • the reaction is usually performed in a known solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction.
  • solvents include, for example, water; methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, and other alcohol solvents; acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and other ketone solvents; tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, dimethoxyethane, diglyme, and other ether solvents; methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and other ester solvents; acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, and other aprotic polar solvents; methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, and other halogenated hydrocarbon solvents; other organic solvents; mixed solvents thereof; etc.
  • Inorganic bases include, for example, alkali metals (e.g., lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.), alkali metal hydrogencarbonates (e.g., lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, etc.), alkali metal hydroxides (e.g., lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, etc.), alkali metal carbonates (e.g., lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, etc.), alkali metal lower alkoxides (e.g., sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, etc.), alkali metal hydrides (e.g., sodium hydride, potassium hydride, etc.), and the like.
  • alkali metals e.g., lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.
  • alkali metal hydrogencarbonates e.g., lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate
  • Organic bases include, for example, trialkylamines (e.g., trimethylamine, triethylamine, N-ethyldiisopropylamine, etc.), pyridine, quinoline, piperidine, imidazole, picoline, dimethylaminopyridine, dimethylaniline, N-methylmorpholine, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), etc.
  • TBN 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene
  • DABCO 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
  • DBU 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene
  • bases When such bases are liquid, they can also be used as solvents.
  • bases can be used
  • the amount of base(s) is usually 0.5 to 10 mol, and preferably 0.5 to 6 mol, per mol of Compound (9).
  • the proportion of Compound (9) to Compound (10) is usually at least 1 mol, and preferably about 1 to about 5 mol of the latter, per mol of the former.
  • the reaction temperature is not limited, and the reaction can usually be performed with cooling, at room temperature, or with heating. It is suitable to perform the reaction in a temperature range from room temperature to 150° C., for 30 minutes to 60 hours, and preferably for 1 to 30 hours.
  • Compound (9) used as a starting material in the above reaction is an easily available known compound.
  • Compound (10) used as a starting material in the above reaction can be produced by the process shown in Reaction Scheme 12.
  • Compound (1j) those in which W is a divalent group represented by —Y 1 -A 1 - wherein A 1 is a lower alkylene group
  • Compound (1i) compounds in which A 1 is a lower alkenylene group
  • R 1 and R 2 are as defined in Formula (1), Y 1 is as defined above, A 1e is a lower alkenylene group, and A 1f is a lower alkylene group.
  • Compound (1j) is produced by subjecting Compound (1i) to hydrogenolysis.
  • reaction is performed under the same reaction conditions as of the reaction shown in Reaction Scheme 5 for the hydrogenolysis of Compound (1e) to obtain Compound (1f). Therefore, the same reagent(s) and reaction conditions (e.g., solvent, reaction temperature, etc.) as those used in the hydrogenolysis shown in Reaction Scheme 5 can be used in the above reaction.
  • reaction conditions e.g., solvent, reaction temperature, etc.
  • R 2 and W are as defined in Formula (1), and X is as defined above.
  • halogenation reaction of Compound (11) is performed in a suitable solvent in the presence of a halogenating agent.
  • halogenating agents include, for example, Br 2 , Cl 2 , and other halogen molecules; iodine chloride, sulfuryl chloride, cupric bromide, and other copper compounds; N-bromosuccinimide, N-chlorosuccinimide, and other N-halosuccinimides, etc.
  • Usable solvents include, for example, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and other halogenated hydrocarbons; acetic acid, propionic acid, and other fatty acids; carbon disulfide; etc.
  • the amount of halogenating agent is usually 1 to 10 mol, and preferably 1 to 5 mol, per mol of Compound (11).
  • the reaction is usually complete at 0° C. to the boiling point temperature of the solvent, and preferably about 0 to about 100° C., in about 5 minutes to about 20 hours.
  • Compound (5a) those in which R 3 is a hydrogen atom (hereinafter referred to as “Compound (5a)”) are produced by the process shown in Reaction Scheme 10.
  • R 1 and A 1 are as defined in Formula (1)
  • X 2 and X 3 are each independently a halogen atom or a group that undergoes the same substitution reaction as that of a halogen atom as mentioned above
  • M is an alkali metal.
  • Examples of the alkali metal represented by M include sodium, potassium, etc.
  • Compound (14) is produced by reacting Compound (12) with Compound (13).
  • the reaction of Compound (12) with Compound (13) is usually performed in a known solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction.
  • solvents include, for example, water; methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, and other alcohol solvents; acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and other ketone solvents; tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, dimethoxyethane, diglyme, and other ether solvents; methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and other ester solvents; acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, and other aprotic polar solvents; methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, and other halogenated hydrocarbon solvents; and other organic solvents; etc.
  • the proportion of Compound (12) to Compound (13) is usually at least 1 mol, and preferably about 1 to about 5 mol of the latter, per mol of the former.
  • the reaction of Compound (12) with Compound (13) is performed by continuing stirring usually in a temperature range from room temperature to 200° C., and preferably from room temperature to 150° C., usually for 30 minutes to 60 hours, and preferably 1 to 30 hours.
  • Compound (16) is produced by reacting Compound (15) with Compound (14).
  • the reaction of Compound (15) with Compound (14) is usually performed in a known solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction.
  • solvents include, for example, water; methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, and other alcohol solvents; acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and other ketone solvents; tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, diglyme, and other ether solvents; methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and other ester solvents; acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and other aprotic polar solvents; methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, and other halogenated hydrocarbon solvents; other organic solvents; mixtures thereof; etc.
  • alkali metal iodides such as potassium iodide, sodium iodide, etc. can be added as reaction accelerators to the reaction system, as required.
  • the proportion of Compound (15) to Compound (14) is usually at least 1 mol, and preferably about 1 to about 5 mol of the latter, per mol of the former.
  • the temperature of the reaction of Compound (15) with Compound (14) is not limited, and the reaction can usually be performed with cooling, at room temperature, or with heating. It is suitable to perform the reaction in a temperature range from room temperature to 100° C., for 1 to 60 hours, and preferably for 1 to 30 hours.
  • phthalimide can be used in place of Compound (15) and the reaction may be performed in the presence of base(s).
  • inorganic bases include alkali metals (e.g., lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.), alkali metal hydrogencarbonates (e.g., lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, etc.), alkali metal hydroxides (e.g., lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, etc.), alkali metal carbonates (e.g., lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, etc.), alkali metal lower alkoxides (e.g., sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, etc.), alkali metal hydrides (e.g., sodium hydride, potassium hydr
  • Organic bases include, for example, trialkylamines (e.g., trimethylamine, triethylamine, N-ethyldiisopropylamine, etc.), pyridine, quinoline, piperidine, imidazole, picoline, dimethylaminopyridine, dimethylaniline, N-methylmorpholine, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), etc.
  • trialkylamines e.g., trimethylamine, triethylamine, N-ethyldiisopropylamine, etc.
  • pyridine quinoline
  • piperidine imidazole
  • picoline dimethylaminopyridine
  • dimethylaniline dimethylaniline
  • N-methylmorpholine 1,5-diazabic
  • the amount of base(s) is usually 0.5 to 10 mol, and preferably 0.5 to 6 mol, per mol of Compound (14).
  • Compound (5a) is produced by reacting Compound (16) with Compound (17).
  • the reaction of Compound (16) with Compound (17) is usually performed in a known solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction.
  • solvents include, for example, water; methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, and other alcohol solvents; acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and other ketone solvents; tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, diglyme, and other ether solvents; methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and other ester solvents; acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and other aprotic polar solvents; methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, and other halogenated hydrocarbon solvents; other organic solvents; mixtures thereof; etc.
  • the proportion of Compound (16) to Compound (17) is usually at least 1 mol, and preferably about 1 to about 5 mol of the latter, per mol of the former.
  • the temperature of the reaction of Compound (16) with Compound (17) is not limited, and the reaction can usually be performed with cooling, at room temperature, or with heating. It is suitable to perform the reaction at about room temperature for 1 to 30 hours.
  • R 1 is as defined in Formula (1); R 8 and A 1a are as defined above; X 4 is a halogen atom or a group that undergoes the same substitution reaction as that of a halogen atom as mentioned above; and R 12 is a lower alkyl group.
  • Compound (20) is produced by reacting Compound (18) with Compound (19).
  • the reaction of Compound (18) with Compound (19) is usually performed in a known solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction.
  • solvents include, for example, water; methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, and other alcohol solvents; acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and other ketone solvents; tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, dimethoxyethane, diglyme, and other ether solvents; methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and other ester solvents; acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, and other aprotic polar solvents; methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, and other halogenated hydrocarbon solvents; other organic solvents; mixtures thereof; etc.
  • Inorganic bases include, for example, alkali metals (e.g., lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.), alkali metal hydrogencarbonates (e.g., lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, etc.), alkali metal hydroxides (e.g., lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, etc.), alkali metal carbonates (e.g., lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, etc.), alkali metal lower alkoxides (e.g., sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, etc.), alkali metal hydrides (e.g., sodium hydride, potassium hydride, etc.), and the like.
  • alkali metals e.g., lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.
  • alkali metal hydrogencarbonates e.g., lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate
  • Organic bases include, for example, trialkylamines (e.g., trimethylamine, triethylamine, N-ethyldiisopropylamine, etc.), pyridine, quinoline, piperidine, imidazole, picoline, dimethylaminopyridine, dimethylaniline, N-methylmorpholine, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), etc.
  • trialkylamines e.g., trimethylamine, triethylamine, N-ethyldiisopropylamine, etc.
  • pyridine quinoline
  • piperidine imidazole
  • picoline dimethylaminopyridine
  • dimethylaniline dimethylaniline
  • N-methylmorpholine 1,5-diazabic
  • Such bases can be used singly or in combination.
  • the amount of base(s) is usually 0.5 to 10 mol, and preferably 0.5 to 6 mol, per mol of Compound (18).
  • the proportion of Compound (18) to Compound (19) in Reaction Scheme 11 is usually at least 1 mol, and preferably about 1 to about 5 mol of the latter, per mol of the former.
  • the reaction temperature is not limited, and the reaction can usually be performed with cooling, at room temperature, or with heating. It is suitable to perform the reaction in a temperature range from room temperature to 100° C., for 30 minutes to 60 hours, and preferably 1 to 30 hours.
  • Compound (7) is produced by subjecting Compound (20) to hydrolysis-decarboxylation.
  • the hydrolysis-decarboxylation of Compound (20) can be carried out by the process shown in Reference Example 48 given hereinafter, a process similar thereto, the process shown in Reaction Scheme 4 above, or a process similar thereto.
  • R 1 is as defined in Formula (1), and X 2 and Aid are as defined above.
  • Compound (10) is produced by subjecting Compound (21) to an oxidation reaction.
  • the reaction can be carried out by the process shown in Reference Example 64 given hereinafter, or a process similar thereto, and is performed in the presence of a known solvent that does not adversely affect the reaction.
  • Such solvents include, for example, water; methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, and other alcohol solvents; acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and other ketone solvents; tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, diglyme, and other ether solvents; methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and other ester solvents; acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and other aprotic polar solvents; methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, and other halogenated hydrocarbon solvents; other organic solvents; mixtures thereof; etc.
  • the reaction is usually performed using oxidizing agent(s) such as dimethyl sulfoxide, hexamethylenetetramine, triethylamine-N-oxide, etc.
  • oxidizing agent(s) such as dimethyl sulfoxide, hexamethylenetetramine, triethylamine-N-oxide, etc.
  • inorganic bases include, for example, alkali metals (e.g., sodium, potassium, etc.), alkali metal hydrogencarbonates (e.g., lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, etc.), alkali metal hydroxides (e.g., lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, etc.), alkali metal carbonates (e.g., lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, etc.), alkali metal lower alkoxides (e.g., sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, etc.), alkali metal hydrides (e.g., sodium hydride, potassium hydride, etc.), and the like.
  • alkali metals e.g., sodium, potassium, etc.
  • alkali metal hydrogencarbonates e.g., lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, etc.
  • alkali metal hydroxides e.g.
  • Organic bases include, for example, trialkylamines (e.g., trimethylamine, triethylamine, N-ethyldiisopropylamine, etc.), pyridine, quinoline, piperidine, imidazole, picoline, dimethylaminopyridine, dimethylaniline, N-methylmorpholine, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), etc.
  • TBN 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene
  • DABCO 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
  • DBU 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene
  • bases When such bases are liquid, they can also be used as solvents.
  • bases can be used
  • the amount of oxidizing agent is usually 0.5 to 10 mol, and preferably 0.5 to 6 mol, per mol of Compound (21).
  • the amount of base(s) is usually 0.5 to 10 mol, and preferably 0.5 to 6 mol, per mol of Compound (21).
  • alkali metals such as potassium iodide, sodium iodide, etc. can be added as reaction accelerators to the reaction system, as required.
  • the reaction temperature is not limited, and the reaction can usually be performed with cooling, at room temperature, or with heating. It is suitable to perform the reaction in a temperature range from room temperature to 120° C. for 30 minutes to 30 hours.
  • the starting material compounds used in the above reaction schemes may be suitable salts, and the objective compounds obtained by the above reactions may be in the form of suitable salts.
  • Each of the objective compounds obtained according to the above reaction schemes can be isolated and purified from the reaction mixture by, for example, cooling the reaction mixture, separating the crude reaction product from the reaction mixture by an isolation procedure such as filtration, concentration, extraction and/or other isolation procedures, and then purifying the crude reaction product by column chromatography, recrystallization and/or other conventional purification procedures.
  • Suitable salts of Compound (1) are pharmaceutically acceptable salts including, for example, metal salts such as alkali metal salts (e.g., sodium salt, potassium salt, etc.), alkaline earth metal salts (e.g., calcium salt, magnesium salt, etc.), etc., ammonium salts, alkali metal carbonates (e.g., lithium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, cesium carbonate, etc.), alkali metal hydrogencarbonates (e.g., lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, etc.), alkali metal hydroxides (e.g., lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, etc.), and other salts of inorganic bases; tri(lower)alkylamines (e.g., trimethylamine, triethylamine, N-ethyldiisopropylamine, etc.), pyridine, quinoline, piperidine, imidazole, picoline, dimethyl
  • the starting material compounds and objective compounds represented by the formulae in the above reaction schemes encompass solvates (e.g. hydrates, ethanolates, etc.).
  • solvates e.g. hydrates, ethanolates, etc.
  • Preferable solvates include hydrates.
  • the compounds represented by Formula (1) of the present invention of course encompass isomers such as geometrical isomers, stereoisomer, optical isomers, etc.
  • Compounds represented by formula (1), optically active isomers thereof, and salts thereof have a specific inhibitory action against PDE4, and are hence useful as active ingredients for a PDE4 inhibitor.
  • the compounds of the invention can be useful as active ingredients of pharmaceutical compositions used as prophylactic and therapeutic agents for various diseases. More specifically, diseases efficiently preventable and treatable by the PED4-specific inhibitory action include various origin-generated acute and chronic (in particular, inflammatory and allergen induced) respiratory tract diseases (e.g. bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc.); dermatoses (in particular, hyperplastic, inflammatory, and allergic diseases) (e.g.
  • psoriasis vulgaris
  • toxic and allergic contact eczema atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, and other hyperplastic, inflammatory and allergic dermatoses
  • nervous function abnormality diseases such as learning, memory, and/or cognition disorders associated with Altzheimer's and Perkinson's diseases
  • diseases associated with mental function abnormality e.g. manic-depressive psychosis, schizophrenia, anxiety disorder, etc.
  • systemic and local arthritic disorders e.g. knee osteoarthritis, articular rheumatism, etc.
  • gastrointestinal diffuse inflammation e.g.
  • allergic and/or chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases in the upper respiratory tract (cavum pharynges, nose) and its vicinity (sinuses, eyes) (e.g. allergic rhinitis/sinusitis, chronic rhinitis/sinusitis, allergic conjunctivitis), and the like.
  • the compounds are particularly effective in preventing and treating atopic dermatitis, making this diseases a suitable target disease for prevention and treatment.
  • the compounds of the invention can be used as oral agents, injectable solutions, external preparations, and the like.
  • the compounds may be prepared in any forms such as powders, tablets, granules, capsules, syrups, films, troches, liquids, etc.
  • Such oral agents can contain pharmaceutically acceptable base materials and carriers, and further optionally contain as necessary binders, disintegrators, lubricants, humectants, buffers, preservatives, fragrances, and the like.
  • the compounds may be prepared in the form of solutions dissolved in physiological saline, grape sugar solutions and the like, or aqueous suspensions.
  • the compounds may be prepared in any forms, for example, such as liquid medicines, oily medicines, lotions, liniments, emulsions, suspensions, creams, ointments, etc.
  • Such external preparations can optionally contain various carriers, base materials, and additives as typically used in external preparations, and examples include water, oils, surfactants, solubilized components, emulsifiers, colorants (dyes and pigments), fragrances, preservatives, disinfectants, thickeners, antioxidants, chelators, pH adjusting agents, deodorants, etc.
  • effective dose and number of doses a day of the compound vary depending on the purpose of use, kind of compound used, the age, weight, symptoms, etc. of a subject, and cannot be uniformly prescribed.
  • the inhibitor or agent can be administered in a dose of 0.1 to 1000 mg of the compound(s) of the present invention per day per adult, and may be administered in one to several portions a day.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating or preventing the aforementioned various diseases comprising the step of administrating an effective dose of the compound(s) of the invention to a mammal, such as a human.
  • the compounds of the present invention have inhibitory action against TNF- ⁇ production, they are useful as active ingredients for TNF- ⁇ production suppressants. Diseases that benefit from such TNF- ⁇ production inhibitory action include those efficiently preventable and treatable by the aforementioned PDE4-specific inhibitory action. Preparation forms, administration routes and doses of TNF- ⁇ production suppressant containing compounds of the invention are the same as those of the aforementioned PDE4 inhibitor and prophylactic and therapeutic agents.
  • the compounds of the present invention have an inhibitory action specific against PDE4, and are hence useful as active ingredients for a PDE 4 inhibitors.
  • the compounds of the invention are further useful as prophylactic and therapeutic agents for various diseases including atopic dermatitis.
  • a 5.25 g quantity of sodium hydride was suspended in 150 ml of tetrahydrofuran, and a solution of 14.4 g of dimethyl malonate in 75 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added dropwise with ice-cooling over 15 minutes. After stirring for 30 minutes, a solution of 25 g of the 2-(3-benzyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-chloromethyloxazole obtained in Reference Example 5 in 150 ml of dimethylformamide was added dropwise over 15 minutes. After the dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred at 50 to 60° C. for 4 hours, and an aqueous saturated ammonium chloride solution was added with ice-cooling.
  • a 0.48 g quantity of sodium hydride was suspended in 15 ml of tetrahydrofuran, and a solution of 1.31 g of dimethyl malonate in 7.5 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added dropwise over 15 minutes. After the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, a solution of 3.0 g of 4-chloromethyl-2-[3-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]oxazole obtained in Reference Example 32 dissolved in 15 ml of dimethylformamide was added over 15 minutes. After the dropwise addition, the mixture was heated at 50 to 60° C. with stirring for 4 hours.
  • a 40 g quantity of 3,4-diethoxybenzamide and 80 g of methyl 5-bromo-4-oxopentanoate (containing about 35% of methyl 3-bromo-4-oxopentanoate) were added to 400 ml of dimethylformamide, and the mixture was stirred at 130° C. for 16 hours.
  • the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and diluted with ethyl acetate.
  • Ethyl acetate (500 ml) and saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (500 ml) were gradually added with stirring, and stirring was continued.
  • the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and then concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • a 37.9 g quantity of 3,4-dibenzyloxybenzamide and 28.8 g of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanone were suspended in 500 ml of propanol, and the suspension was heated and refluxed for 3 days. After cooling, the reaction mixture was concentrated to half its original volume under reduced pressure and 300 ml of diisopropyl ether was added. The precipitated crystals were collected by filtration and recrystallized from acetone-methanol-diisopropyl ether. The obtained crystals were dried under reduced pressure to give 20.1 g of colorless powdery 2-(3,4-bis(benzyloxy)phenyl)-4-chloromethyloxazole.
  • the crude crystals were recrystallized from a mixture of 30 ml of n-hexane and 15 ml of ethyl acetate to give 8.6 g of colorless plate crystalline ethyl 4-benzyloxy-3-hydroxybenzonate.
  • a 3.5 g quantity of the [2-(3-benzyloxy-4-methoxy phenyl)oxazol-4-yl]methylamine obtained in Reference Example 7 was suspended in 70 ml of acetone. To the obtained suspension were added 2.3 g of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, 3.3 g of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride and 3.8 g of 2-ethoxybenzoic acid, and the mixture was heated and refluxed for one hour. The reaction mixture was cooled, and acetone was distilled off under reduced pressure. Water was added to the residue, and extraction was then performed with ethyl acetate.
  • a 170 mg quantity of the N-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy phenyl)oxazol-4-ylmethyl]-3-methylpicolinamide obtained in Example 17 was dissolved in 10 ml of tetrahydrofuran. To the obtained solution were added 134 mg of 2-hydroxyindane, 0.5 ml of diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (40% toluene solution) and 202 mg of tri(n-butyl)phosphine, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and at 50° C. for 2.5 hours.
  • Example 30 Using 0.16 g of the N-[2-(3-benzyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)oxazol-4-ylmethyl]-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzamide obtained in Example 30, 0.11 g of white powdery N-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy phenyl)oxazol-4-ylmethyl]-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzamide was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2.
  • Example 33 Using 0.67 g of the N-[2-(3-benzyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)oxazol-4-ylmethyl]-2-methoxybenzamide obtained in Example 33, 0.52 g of white amorphous N-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)oxazol-4-ylmethyl]-2-methoxybenzamide was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2.
  • Example 34 Using 0.5 g of the N-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)oxazol-4-ylmethyl]-2-methoxybenzamide obtained in Example 34, 0.39 g of white powdery N-[2-(3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)oxazol-4-ylmethyl]-2-methoxybenzamide was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3.
  • a 0.2 g quantity of the [2-(3-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)oxazol-4-yl]methylamine obtained in Reference Example 13 was suspended in 4 ml of acetone. To the obtained suspension were added 0.2 g of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, 0.29 g of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride and 0.14 g of 3-methylpicolinic acid, and the mixture was heated and refluxed for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled, water was then added thereto, and extraction was performed with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water twice, and the solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • Example 44 0.4 g of N-[2-(3-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)oxazol-4-ylmethyl]-2-methylsulfanylbenzamide obtained in Example 44 was dissolved in 20 ml of dichloromethane, and 0.67 g of metachloroperbenzoic acid was added thereto while the solution was cooled with ice with stirring. The mixture was then stirred for an hour.
  • Example 96 0.16 g of N-[2-(3-benzyloxy-4-difluoromethoxyphenyl)oxazol-4-ylmethyl]-3-methylpicolinamide obtained in Example 96 was dissolved in 5 ml of ethanol, 20 mg of 10% palladium carbon powder was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes under a hydrogen atmosphere. The catalyst was filtered off, and the filtrate was concentrated to obtain 0.12 g of white powdery N-[2-(4-difluoromethoxy-3-hydroxyphenyl)oxazol-4-ylmethyl]-3-methylpicolinamide.
  • Example 100 A 13.4 g quantity of methyl 2-[2-(3-benzyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)oxazol-4-ylmethyl]-3-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-3-oxopropionate obtained in Example 100 was suspended in 67 ml of ethanol, 67 ml of 47% hydrobromic acid was added thereto, and the suspension was heated and refluxed overnight. After standing to cool, the crystals generated were collected by filtration, washed with water and diisopropyl ether, and dried, thereby yielding 8.1 g of white powdery 1-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)oxazol-4-yl]propan-1-one.
  • Example 101 A 0.3 g quantity of 1-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)oxazol-4-yl]propan-1-one obtained in Example 101 was suspended in 10 ml of ethanol, 0.37 g of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene and 0.26 g of ethyl iodide were added thereto, and the suspension was stirred for 4 hours while heating and refluxing. After distilling off ethanol under reduced pressure, water was added, ethyl acetate extraction was performed, followed by drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and distilling the solvent off.
  • Example 101 A 0.3 g quantity of 1-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)oxazol-4-yl]propan-1-one obtained in Example 101 was suspended in 10 ml of ethanol, 0.37 g of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene and 0.14 ml of allyl bromide were added thereto, and stirring was conducted for 3 hours while heating and refluxing. After distilling off ethanol under reduced pressure, water was added, ethyl acetate extraction was performed, followed by drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and distilling the solvent off.
  • Example 101 A 5.0 g quantity of 1-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)oxazol-4-yl]propan-1-one obtained in Example 101 was dissolved in 50 ml of dimethylformamide, 3.35 g of 2-bromopropane and 5.63 g of potassium carbonate were added thereto, and stirring was conducted overnight at room temperature. Water was added to the obtained mixture, ethyl acetate extraction was performed, followed by drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and distilling the solvent off.

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