US5959857A - Power supply apparatus for producing a constant DC voltage from a range of AC inputs - Google Patents

Power supply apparatus for producing a constant DC voltage from a range of AC inputs Download PDF

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US5959857A
US5959857A US08/956,442 US95644297A US5959857A US 5959857 A US5959857 A US 5959857A US 95644297 A US95644297 A US 95644297A US 5959857 A US5959857 A US 5959857A
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voltage
switching
power supply
supply apparatus
side output
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US08/956,442
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English (en)
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Kiyokazu Nagahara
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Sony Corp
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Sony Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/10—Arrangements incorporating converting means for enabling loads to be operated at will from different kinds of power supplies, e.g. from ac or dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/337—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration
    • H02M3/3376—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power supply apparatus suitable for being used, for example, in electronic appliances which have an extensive range of an input commercial AC voltage.
  • Power source voltages used all over the world are roughly divided into a 100 V area and a 200 V area. Therefore, for an electronic appliance shipped without any specified destination, there is such a need that the appliance operates normally irrespective of which one of the power source voltages is applied thereto.
  • the power source apparatus is so structured, for example, by one AC-DC converter, such a fear arises that losses will increase in parts of a switching element, a transformer, and the like depending on a system of the applied power source.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 an arrangement shown, for example, in FIGS. 1 and 2 has been used in the art. That is, in an arrangement of FIG. 1, an AC input voltage from a commercial power source 100 and the like is rectified in full wave by a diode bridge circuit 101. After the rectified output is smoothed, a DC output voltage is obtained by using a plurality of DC-DC converters 102, 103. According to this arrangement, the total losses can be reduced by dividing a load into the plurality of DC-DC converters.
  • the smoothing action is conducted by a series circuit of a couple of capacitors 104, 105 and at the same time, a connecting middle point of the capacitors 104, 105 is connected to one AC input terminal of the diode bridge circuit 101 through a switch 106. Then, the switch 106 is controlled depending on a voltage at the AC input terminal, so that rectification is changed over from a primary side to a double voltage rectification in a 100 V system and to the full wave rectification in a 200 V system, which makes voltages supplied to the DC-DC converter equal so that an efficient control can be conducted by the single DC-DC converter 102.
  • a power source apparatus is one in which an exciting current of a primary winding of an insulating converter transformer is switched by a switching element and an oscillation state of an oscillating drive circuit connected to the switching element is controlled according to a secondary side output voltage of the insulating converter transformer for controlling the secondary side output voltage to be a constant voltage.
  • a supplying path of the exciting current is changed over between two modes of a full bridge action and a single ended push-pull and half bridge action.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an arrangement of a power source apparatus
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an arrangement of another power source apparatus
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an arrangement of a power source apparatus to which the present invention is applied, by way of example;
  • FIGS. 4A to 4J are waveform diagrams used to explain the power source apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 5A to 5C are diagrams used to explain the power source apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 6A to 6C are diagrams used to explain the power source apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 7A to 7M are waveform diagrams used to explain the power source apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 8A to 8M are waveform diagrams used to explain the power source apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram used to explain the power source apparatus according to the present invention.
  • a power source apparatus is a power source apparatus in which an exciting current of a primary winding of an insulating converter transformer is switched by a switching element and an oscillating state of an oscillation drive circuit connected to the switching element is controlled depending on a secondary side output voltage of the insulating converter transformer so that the secondary side output voltage is controlled to be a constant voltage, being arranged such that a supplying path of the exciting current is changed over by controls of the oscillating drive circuit between two modes of a full bridge action and a single ended push-pull or half bridge action.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an arrangement of one example of a power source apparatus to which the present invention is applied.
  • an AC input power source 1 is connected to both ends at an AC input side of a diode bridge 2.
  • a smoothing capacitor 3 is provided between a plus side output end and a minus side output end of the diode bridge 2, and at the same time, the minus side output end of the diode bridge 2 is grounded.
  • the plus side output end of the diode bridge 2 is grounded through two pairs of series circuits of two stone switching elements 4a, 4b and 4c, 4d. Therefore, each of the series circuits of these two pairs of switching elements 4a, 4b and 4c, 4d is connected between the plus side output end and the minus side output end of the diode bridge 2.
  • a voltage dividing circuit 10 comprising resistors 10a and 10b is provided between the plus side output end and the minus side output end of the diode bridge 7.
  • a voltage dividing point of the voltage dividing circuit 10 is connected to one input of an error amplifier 11 and at the same time a reference voltage source 12 is connected to the other input of the error amplifier 11.
  • the plus side output end of the diode bridge 7 is connected through a resistor 13 to one end of a light emission diode 14a forming a photo-coupler 14 and the other end of the light emission diode 14a is connected to an output of the error amplifier 11. Further, an emitter of a photo-transistor 14b forming the photo-coupler 14 is grounded and its collector is connected to a control terminal of an oscillating control circuit 16 through a resistor 15.
  • outputs of the oscillating control circuit 16 are connected to drive circuits 17a, 17b of the switching elements 4a, 4b and also connected through resistors 18a, 18b to drive circuits 17c, 17d of the switching elements 4c, 4d.
  • the DC output voltage to be applied to the load 9 is detected at the secondary side of the insulating converter transformer 5 and a detected signal is supplied to the control terminal of the oscillating control circuit 16 through the photo-coupler 14. Then a drive pulse signal formed in accordance with the detected signal by the oscillating control circuit 16 is supplied to the switching elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d and switching of each switching element is controlled. Specifically, such a control is carried out that at the voltage dividing point of the voltage dividing circuit 10, an electric potential coincides with the potential of the reference voltage source 12.
  • the plus side output end of the above mentioned diode bridge 2 is grounded through a voltage dividing circuit 19 comprising resistors 19a, 19b and the voltage dividing point thereof is connected to an inversion input of a comparator 20.
  • a power source terminal of a voltage Vcc is grounded through a voltage dividing circuit 21 comprising resistors 21a, 21b and the voltage dividing point thereof is connected to a non-inversion input of the comparator 20.
  • An output of the comparator 20 is connected to the power source terminal of the voltage Vcc through a resistor 22 as well as to the non-inversion input through a resistor 23.
  • a low electric potential is derived from the comparator 20, when a voltage dividing electric potential of the voltage dividing circuit 19, which is decided depending on an electric potential of the plus side output end of the diode bridge 2, is higher than a predetermined electric potential obtained at a voltage dividing point of the voltage dividing circuit 21, and when the voltage dividing electric potential is lower, a high electric potential is derived. Further, since the output of the comparator 20 is positively fed back to the non-inversion input thereof, an inversion action of the high electric potential and the low electric potential of the output is given with a hysteresis.
  • the output of the comparator 20 is connected to an inversion input of a comparator 24 and at the same time, the power source terminal of the voltage Vcc is grounded through a voltage dividing circuit 25 comprising resistors 25a, 25b and the voltage dividing point thereof is connected to a non-inversion input of the comparator 24. Further, the output of the comparator 24 is connected to the power source terminal of the voltage Vcc through a resistor 26. Therefore, the output of the comparator 20 is derived from the comparator 24, as FIG. 4B shows, in an inverted state.
  • the diodes 27a, 27b are turned on.
  • an input to the drive circuit 17c is biased to a low electric potential as is shown at a right side of FIG. 4E and an input to the drive circuit 17d is biased to a high electric potential as is shown at a right side of FIG. 4F.
  • the outputs of the oscillating control circuit 16 are supplied as they are.
  • the switching elements 4a-4d are controlled to alternately switch on and off and the apparatus is put in a full bridge action. That is, in this case, a circuit arrangement at an essential portion becomes what FIG. 5A shows, and when the switching elements 4a, 4b are switched on, a current is made to flow as shown in FIG. 5B by an arrow, while the switching elements 4b, 4c are switched on, the current is made to flow as FIG. 5C shows by an arrow.
  • a DC input voltage V in formed from the AC input voltage (not shown in the figure) is divided and applied to the winding 5a and the resonance capacitor 6. That is, assuming that a voltage applied to the winding 5a is V11 and a voltage applied to the resonance capacitor 6 is V c 1, the following equation (1) is established.
  • the switching element 4c is fixed to an off-state while the switching element 4d is fixed to an on-state and the apparatus is put in the half bridge action.
  • the switching elements 4a, 4b are made to alternately switch on and off and put in the single ended push-pull. Therefore, in this case, a circuit arrangement at an essential portion becomes as shown in FIG. 6A, and when the switching element 4a is turned on, a current is made to flow as shown in FIG. 6B by an arrow while the 4b is turned on, the current is made to flow as shown in FIG. 6C by an arrow.
  • a voltage applied to the primary side winding 5a of the insulation converter transformer 5 can be made equal.
  • a control range for stabilizing the DC output voltage relative to the AC input voltage can be substantially expanded.
  • the switching elements 4a to 4d are supplied respectively with, for example, the drive pulse signals as shown by FIGS. 7A to 7D, and the switching thereof is conducted.
  • a voltage is formed as shown in FIG. 7E.
  • FIGS. 7F to 7I currents shown, for example, in FIGS. 7F to 7I are respectively made to flow.
  • a current as shown in FIG. 7J is made to flow through the primary side winding 5a and a voltage shown in FIG. 7K is formed across the resonance capacitor 6.
  • a voltage shown in FIG. 7L is generated across the primary side winding 5a.
  • a current shown in FIG. 7M is made to flow through the secondary side winding 5b.
  • FIGS. 8A to 8M waveforms at the respective parts become as shown in FIGS. 8A to 8M.
  • drive pulse signals as shown in FIGS. 8A to 8D are supplied respectively to the switching elements 4a-4d and the switchings thereof are conducted. And in this case, for example, between the drain and the source of the switching element 4d, a voltage is formed shown in FIG. 8E.
  • FIGS. 8F to 8I are made to flow, respectively.
  • a current shown in FIG. 8J is made to flow through the primary side winding 5a and at the resonance capacitor 6, a voltage shown in FIG. 8K is generated.
  • a voltage shown in FIG. 8L is generated and a current shown in FIG. 8M is made to flow through the secondary side winding 5b.
  • a power source apparatus can be constituted by one AC-DC converter relative to the two fold change in the AC input voltage, which makes its arrangement simple and at the same time, an arrangement of the AC-DC converter simple as well as enhances its conversion efficiency by making equal a voltage applied to the AC-DC converter as against the two fold change of the AC input voltage.
  • the double voltage rectification which has been used by the conventional apparatus is not conducted, there are no fear of an output voltage of extremely high voltage being taken out due to an abnormality and accordingly, and no need to provide a safety device and the like deemed necessary by the conventional apparatus. Further, constantly efficient conversion can be conducted with a simple arrangement.
  • a voltage Vb2 at a point of a change-over from the single ended push-pull and half bridge action to the full bridge action is as follows. ##EQU3##
  • the resistance values R1, R2, R3, R4 of the resistors 21a, 22b, 22, 23 are respectively decided so that voltages at the change-over point become Vb1>Vb2, which makes the above mentioned change-over action possess a hysteresis.
  • this hysteresis it is possible by this hysteresis that a mutual change-over does not occur frequently and actions of the apparatus can be stabilized.
  • a primary resonance impedance curve of the insulation converter transformer 5 becomes what is shown in FIG. 9.
  • a value f0 is a primary side resonance frequency of the insulation converter transformer 5. If it is assumed that an inductance of the primary side winding 5a is L1 and a capacitance of the resonance capacitor 6 is C1, the following equation (5) is established. ##EQU4## Also, in FIG. 9, a value f s is an oscillating frequency of the oscillating control circuit 16 and a value f s (L) indicates a minimum oscillating frequency while a value fs(H) indicates a maximum oscillating frequency.
  • the DC output voltage applied to the load 9 is detected at the secondary side of the insulating converter transformer 5 and this detected signal is supplied to the control terminal of the oscillating control circuit 16 through the photo-coupler 14.
  • the drive pulse signals formed by the oscillating control circuit 16 according to the detected signal are supplied to the switching elements 4a-4d to control each switching thereof.
  • the electric potential at the voltage dividing point of the voltage dividing circuit 10 is so controlled as to be equal to the electric potential of the reference voltage source 12.
  • the output of the comparator 20 is connected to one end of a resistor 29 through a diode 28 of a backward direction, and the other end of the resistor 29 is connected to a base of a transistor 31 through a capacitor 30.
  • the power source terminal of the voltage Vcc is connected to a connecting middle point between the resistor 29 and the capacitor 30 through a resistor 32.
  • an emitter of the transistor 31 is grounded, and between the base of the transistor 31 and the ground a parallel circuit of a diode 33 of a backward direction and a resistor 34 is provided.
  • a collector of the transistor 31 is connected to the oscillating control circuit 16 through the resistor 15.
  • the output of the comparator 20 is changed over from a low electric potential to a high electric potential.
  • the diode 28 is cut off and while the capacitor 30 is charged through the resistor 32 and the capacitor 30, a current is supplied to the base of the transistor 31 from the power source terminal of the voltage V cc , which makes the transistor 31 turned on and the oscillating frequency of the oscillating control circuit 16 becomes higher during this period.
  • the transistor 31 When the transistor 31 is turned on and the oscillating frequency of the oscillating frequency circuit 16 in this period becomes higher, the primary side resonance impedance of the insulating converter transformer 5 becomes larger and the current flowing through each of the switching elements 4a to 4d can be suppressed.
  • the fact that the oscillating frequency of the oscillating control circuit 16 is made higher means that the primary side resonance impedance of the insulating converter transformer 5 becomes larger. Therefore, if that state continues long, there arises a fear of an output voltage between both ends of the load 9 at the secondary side being dropped. Therefore, in the above mentioned circuit, by setting up a time constant of the resistor 32 and the capacitor 30 suitably, an adjustment is made so that this time period stays within a range of not lowering the output voltage.
  • the secondary side output voltage is controlled to be a constant voltage
  • the supplying path of the exciting current is changed over between two modes such as the full bridge action and the single ended push-pull and half bridge action, which makes it possible to conduct a constantly efficient conversion with a simple arrangement and at the same time, eliminate a fear of an output voltage of extremely high voltage being taken out due to an abnormality.
  • detection of signals for changing over between the two modes such as the full bridge action and the single ended push-pull or half bridge action can be conducted not only by detecting the rectified voltage of the above mentioned AC input voltage and the AC input voltage itself as well but by detecting the current which flows through the above mentioned switching element or the above mentioned insulating converter transformer.
  • controls for suppressing the electric current flowing through the switching element are not limited to a method of suppressing the current by increasing the switching frequency of the above mentioned switching element but other method is also recommended in which the current which flows through the above mentioned switching element or the primary side winding of the insulating converter transformer is detected and then the current is suppressed.
  • the present invention by changing over the supplying path of the exciting current between the two modes of the full bridge action and the single ended push-pull or half bridge action, it becomes possible to conduct a constantly efficient conversion with a simple arrangement and eliminate a fear of the output voltage of extremely high voltage being taken out due to an abnormality.
  • the present invention it is possible to form the power source apparatus by one AC-DC converter for the twofold change in the AC input voltage, by which its arrangement can be simplified and at the same time, by making a voltage applied to the AC-DC converter equal relative to twofold change in the AC input voltage, a arrangement of the AC-DC converter can be simplified and its conversion efficiency can be improved.
  • the double-voltage rectification used by a conventional apparatus is not conducted, there is no fear, for example, of the output voltage of extremely high tension being taken out due to, for example, an abnormality and therefore, there is no need for providing a safety device and the like deemed necessary for a conventional apparatus. Further, constantly efficient conversion can be conducted by a simple arrangement.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
US08/956,442 1996-10-28 1997-10-23 Power supply apparatus for producing a constant DC voltage from a range of AC inputs Expired - Fee Related US5959857A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP28541496A JP3531385B2 (ja) 1996-10-28 1996-10-28 電源装置
JP8-285414 1996-10-28

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US (1) US5959857A (fr)
EP (1) EP0838893B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3531385B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100516800B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1068995C (fr)
DE (1) DE69727188T2 (fr)
ID (1) ID18717A (fr)
MY (1) MY121655A (fr)
SG (1) SG54588A1 (fr)

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KR19980033209A (ko) 1998-07-25
JP3531385B2 (ja) 2004-05-31
KR100516800B1 (ko) 2005-12-08
CN1068995C (zh) 2001-07-25
DE69727188T2 (de) 2004-11-11
CN1187062A (zh) 1998-07-08
SG54588A1 (en) 1998-11-16
MY121655A (en) 2006-02-28
EP0838893B1 (fr) 2004-01-14
DE69727188D1 (de) 2004-02-19
EP0838893A3 (fr) 1999-06-02
JPH10136653A (ja) 1998-05-22
ID18717A (id) 1998-04-30
EP0838893A2 (fr) 1998-04-29

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