US3863691A - Contour copying lathe - Google Patents

Contour copying lathe Download PDF

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Publication number
US3863691A
US3863691A US338814A US33881473A US3863691A US 3863691 A US3863691 A US 3863691A US 338814 A US338814 A US 338814A US 33881473 A US33881473 A US 33881473A US 3863691 A US3863691 A US 3863691A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
workpiece
tool
model
axis
arm
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US338814A
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English (en)
Inventor
Erich Schmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MASCHINENFABRIK ZUCHERMANN KOMM-GES WIEN
ZUCHERMANN KOMM GES WIEN MASCH
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ZUCHERMANN KOMM GES WIEN MASCH
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Application filed by ZUCHERMANN KOMM GES WIEN MASCH filed Critical ZUCHERMANN KOMM GES WIEN MASCH
Priority to US05/512,607 priority Critical patent/US4002193A/en
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Publication of US3863691A publication Critical patent/US3863691A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B17/00—Special adaptations of machines or devices for grinding controlled by patterns, drawings, magnetic tapes or the like; Accessories therefor
    • B24B17/02—Special adaptations of machines or devices for grinding controlled by patterns, drawings, magnetic tapes or the like; Accessories therefor involving mechanical transmission means only
    • B24B17/025—Special adaptations of machines or devices for grinding controlled by patterns, drawings, magnetic tapes or the like; Accessories therefor involving mechanical transmission means only for grinding rotating workpieces (three dimensional)
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/30084—Milling with regulation of operation by templet, card, or other replaceable information supply
    • Y10T409/301176—Reproducing means
    • Y10T409/302688—Reproducing means with provision for circumferential relative movement of cutter and work
    • Y10T409/302744—Reproducing means with provision for circumferential relative movement of cutter and work and means for operation without manual intervention

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A contour copying lathe has headstocks and tailstocks for rotating a model and at least one workpiece about parallel horizontal axes.
  • a pair of angularly interconnected parallel arms are pivotal about a horizontal axis orthogonal to and spaced from the workpiece and model axes and are arranged vertically spaced from the tool and workpiece, respectively.
  • the arm above the workpiece is provided at its free end with a tool rotated about an axis parallel to the pivot axis and or thogonal to the workpiece axis.
  • the tool arm is provided with a feeler roller rotatable about the same axis as the tool.
  • the arms are angularly interconnected so that the tool cuts into the workpiece the same contours as those felt by the tool arm.
  • the tool is rotated at high speed so that its peripheral speed is many times the peripheral speed of the workpiece or the feed speed between it and the workpiece. Itis possible to provide two such sets of arms, one for roughing in a workpiece and the other for finishing it, the latter following the former along the workpiece.
  • PATENTEUFEB 191s SHEET 10F 4 I (an M02152 PATENTEU 4
  • PATENTEDFEB' 1 CONTOUR COPYING LATHE FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a contour-copying lathe. More specifically this invention concerns such a lathe used for producing finely finished duplicates in wood or the like of a model.
  • a model is generally made by hand, and a contourcopying lathe is used to reproduce this model.
  • a lathe generally has a bed in which a plurality of workpieces can be rotated about coplanar parallel axis.
  • the model is spanned in the device and is rotatable about an axis parallel to and coplanar with the workpiece axes.
  • Several arms all pivotal about a common axis transverse to and usually above the rotation axes are all linked together and all have ends engageable with a respective workpiece or the model. These arms are carriedon a carriage which can be displaced along the bed.
  • the arm engaging the model has at its end a feeler which is usually formed as a roller that rides on the surface of the model.
  • the other arms are provided at their ends with tools rotatable about respective axes lying above the respective workpiece rotation axes in a vertical plane passing through the respective workpiece axis.
  • the tool can be a milling head, sanding drum, or the like.
  • model and workpieces are all rotated at the same peripheral speed or angular velocity, and the carriage is displaced slowly from one end to the other of the lathe.
  • the end of the model arm is urged, usually simply by the weight of this arm, against the model so that the ends of the other arms are similarly urged against the workpieces. Since these other arms are provided at their ends with cutting tools, the workpieces are cut to a shape corresponding to that of the model.
  • the model is usually made of wood, and the workpieces are similarly wooden, but it is not unknown to use such devices for machining synthetic resins or metals.
  • the workpieces are displaced past fixed tools, these tools again being rotated about axes either parallel to the direction of workpiece advance, or at least coplanar therewith.
  • Another arrangement used for producing turbine impellers has a tool disk which is rotated about an axis parallel to the rotation axis of the workpiece, but in the opposite direction. In this manner the scratches produced by the tool are circumferential on the finished product.
  • Such a device has a tool counterbalanced by a weight so that it cannot be employed on irregularly shaped jobs, but only on regularly shaped articles like turbine impellers.
  • Another object is the provision of a system for producing a fine finish on a wooden workpiece with a contour-copying lathe.
  • the tools can be milling heads of steel, or sanding drums. It is also possible to use as a tool a contact drum over which is spanned an endless sanding belt so as to produce a very fine finish.
  • the feeler on the end of the model arm is advantageously a roller.
  • the arrangement described above can be employed on the same apparatus with a rough-cutting device either made according to the present invention, or, as is known in the prior art, that is rotatable about an axis transverse to the workpiece rotation axis.
  • the fine-finishing device according to the present invention will operate on the rough-cut workpiece either by following behind it a short distance or by finishing it on a separate cut in the same or the opposite direction.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are side-elevational and top views, respectfully, of an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the device of FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a side-elevational view of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 5, 6, and 7 are side, top and cross-sectional views, respectively, of yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus has a frame 1 on which two parallel cross members 2 and 3 are slidable and lockable on tie-rod guides 4.
  • the cross member 2 is provided with three headstocks 5 and the member 3 with three tailstocks 6 in line with these headstocks.
  • Spannedv between the central headstock and tailstock is a model 7, the adjacent headstocks and tailstacks receiving wooden workpiece blanks 8 and 9 which are rough cut to a slightly greater size than desired in the end product. All of these elements are rotatable about respective parallel, coplanar and horizontal axes A.
  • a hydraulic piston 10 at each tailstock 6 serves to clamp the elements 7-9 tightly in place, and sprocket wheels 11 connected to the headstocks 5 are connected by a chain 12 to a motor 13 to rotate them all at the same peripheral speed and all in the same direction.
  • a second pair of guides 14 lying outside the guides 4 each support a respective carriage half 15 and 15 which form a carriage 15 and are connected together under the lathe bed by a crosspiece through which a feed screw 16 passes.
  • a gear 17 on the end of the feedscrew 16 meshes with reduction gears 18 connected to a motor 19 so that this motor can move the carriage 15 back and forth parallel to the axes A.
  • a process controller 21 switches the motor 19 on and off.
  • Extending between the carriages 15 is a rod 22 having an axis A which is parallel to the common plane of the axis A and orthogonal to these axes A.
  • a heavy steel sleeve 23 pivotal on this rod 22 is formed with three parallel arms 24, 25, and 26 each formed at its free end with a respective fork 27, 28, and 29 defining an axis A" parallel to the axis A.
  • the central fork 28 receives a hard rubber roller 30 which is freely rotatable about the axis A" and normally rides on the model 7.
  • the fork 27 receives a roller 32 which is driven to rotate about the axis A" by a motor 45.
  • the roller 32 is operated by a drive pulley 39 connected via a V-belt 40 to another pulley 42 journaled on the rod.22.
  • a pulley 42 also journaled on the rod 22 is rotationally fixed to the pulley 41 and is connected through another V-belt 43 to a pulley 44 carried on the motor 45 which is fixed on the respective carriage half 15', 15".
  • Spanned over the roller 32 is an endless sanding belt 33 which also runs over a roller 34 rotatable about an axle 38 on one end of a two-arm lever 35 itself pivoted on an upright 36 from arm 24.
  • a spring 35 or pneumatic device serves to bias the axle 38 upwardly so as to keep the sandingbelt 33 tight.
  • the other fork 29 carries a steel milling head 31 which is driven by a drive arrangement 39-45 identical to that described above, and also controlled by the programmer 21.
  • the carriage 15 In operation the carriage 15 is backed up to the extreme right hand end of feed screw 16, and the motors 45 and 19 are started, after the free ends of the arms 24-26 are dropped down so that at least the tools 33 and 31 come into contact with the workpieces 8 and 9.
  • the carriage 15 is moved in direction D at a speed V of 4.54 meters/minute, and the tools 32 and 31 at a peripheral speed V of 1,353 meters/minute.
  • the elements 7-9 are rotated to have a peripheral speed V, at the location indicated of 27.9 meters/minute. With these speeds the minute scratches produced by the abrasive on the belt 33 or by the surface of the milling head 31 will extend at an angle a of 112 to a plane through the axis A.
  • the workpieces will have an extremely smooth finish with the minor marks from the abrasive completely hidden in the grain.
  • FIG. 4 structure identical to that of FIGS. l-3 is given the same reference numerals. This arrangement rough cuts and fine finishes workpieces in-one pass.
  • the model 7 is provided an arrangement for fine-finishing the roughly cut workpieces.
  • Three arms 51 are provided in much the same array as in FIG. 1. These arms are vertically pivotal about a horizontal axis 53 passing through a horizontal sleeve 52 from which the arms 51 extend.
  • the axle 53 is rotatable in fixed end members 54 and functions also as a shaft for the pulleys of the V-belt drive 55 and 56 which connects the abrasive tool 50 with the motor 57.
  • the tool 32 is urged by its own weight against the workpiece 8, but the tool 50 is urged upwardly by a hydraulic cylinder 58, although a spring would be equally employable.
  • the arm 51 is also possible to form the arm 51 as a two-arm lever, as shown in dot-dash lines, and mount the motor on its end so that this motor acts as a weight or counterbalance urging the tool 50 upwardly.
  • the motor acts as a weight or counterbalance urging the tool 50 upwardly.
  • the two tools 32 and 50 do not interfere with each other they are spaced axially in the direction of travel by a distance a, with the rough-cutting tool 32 ahead the finish cutting tool 50 behind, relative to the direction of travel D.
  • the model 7 is formed as shown in dot-dash lines with flared ends 63 and 64.
  • the flared end 64 prevents the tool 50 from riding in on the headstock at the start of a pass, and the end 63 prevents the tool 32 from riding in on the tailstock at the end of the pass.
  • FIGS. 5-7 show another embodiment of the invention wherein workpieces are rough cut and finished in one pass.
  • Reference numerals identical to those of FIG. 1 indicate functionally identical structure.
  • the upper carriage 15 is provided with three arms 65-67 roughly equivalent to the arms 24-26. These arms are connected together at flanges 68, 69, and and have end pins 71 journaled in the carriage halves 15, 15".
  • Each such arm is provided with a respective spindle 72-74.
  • the spindle 73 of the central arm 66 is freely rotatable and carries a copying roll 75.
  • the other two spindles 72 and 74 each carry on one end a heavy-duty milling disk 76 and on the other end a V-belt pulley 77.
  • a motor having a drive pulley 79 is connected by a V-belt 78 to each such pulley 77, with the pivot axis A passing roughly through the belt 78 where it engages the pulley 77 so as to permit widest possible pivoting of the arms 64-66.
  • the tools 76 can rise some mm so as to accommodate very large workpieces. Since the length of the arms is many times the radial spacing between the periphery of the wheel 77 and its rotation axis, the belt 78 is not unduly strained when the tool head is lifted.
  • These milling heads 76 cut away the workpieces 8 and 9 in a manner known per se, i.e., by rotation of the'tool about in an axis lying in a vertical plane passing through the rotation axis of the workpiece.
  • a carriage 83 which rides on guides 82 and is displaced back and forth by a feed screw 16 as shown in FIG. 1.
  • This arrangement serves to fine-finish the workpieces 8 and 9.
  • it has three parallel arms 86 extending from a sleeve 85 pivotal about a horizontal axle 84.
  • the central arm carries a copying roller 81 and the two outer arms are provided with rolls 87 over which are spanned sandpaper belts 88.
  • the roller 87 is itself driven by a belt 89 in turn driven by a belt 90 driven by a motor 91 carried on the slide 83.
  • a combination spring-loaded and pneumatic cylinder 92 is provided on each arm 86 to urge the rolls 87 against the undersides of the workpieces 8 and 9.
  • the upper and lower carriages are driven so that the roughing tools 76 precede the fine-finishing belts 88 by a distance a.
  • This can be effected by simply driving them one behind the other, or only one need be driven and the two carriages and 83 can be connected together by a bar as shown in dot-dash lines at 93.
  • the two operations can take place simultaneously, or the fine-finishing can be made on a second return pass over the workpieces to prevent any chips from the milling heads from getting into the fine-finishing tools.
  • a contour-copying machine comprising:
  • model arm swingable about said pivot axis and having a feeler and engageable with said model
  • a workpiece arm pivotal about said pivot axis and angularly fixed to said model arm, said workpiece arm having a tool and engageable with said workpiece;
  • a tool at said tool end of said workpiece arm rotatable about a tool axis transverse to said workpiece axis and parallel substantially to said pivot axis and comprising a' rotatable drum, an endless sanding belt spanned over said drum, and means on said I workpiece arm for maintaining said belt tight about said drum;

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Copy Controls (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
US338814A 1972-03-10 1973-03-07 Contour copying lathe Expired - Lifetime US3863691A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/512,607 US4002193A (en) 1973-03-07 1974-10-07 Contour-copying lathe and method of operating same with preshaped workpieces

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT206472A AT310026B (de) 1972-03-10 1972-03-10 Kopierschleifmaschine für Formteile aus Holz oder Kunststoff mit unregelmäßiger Körperform

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/512,607 Continuation-In-Part US4002193A (en) 1973-03-07 1974-10-07 Contour-copying lathe and method of operating same with preshaped workpieces

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3863691A true US3863691A (en) 1975-02-04

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US338814A Expired - Lifetime US3863691A (en) 1972-03-10 1973-03-07 Contour copying lathe

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US (1) US3863691A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5134153B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT310026B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2311011C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4181165A (en) * 1978-04-06 1980-01-01 True Temper Corporation Manufacture of golf club heads
US4274183A (en) * 1978-05-18 1981-06-23 Maschinenfabrik Zuckermann Komm. Ges. Apparatus for copy-machining of a workpiece
US4627477A (en) * 1984-11-05 1986-12-09 Mahlon Wise Lathe, duplicating
EP0320432A1 (de) * 1987-12-07 1989-06-14 Dimter GmbH Maschinenfabrik Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten der Oberfläche von langgestreckten Werkzeugen
CN108972250A (zh) * 2018-08-27 2018-12-11 湖州吴兴久虹机械有限公司 一种弯曲木砂光机
CN110935921A (zh) * 2019-12-26 2020-03-31 山西英领智能科技有限公司 一种球面体自动仿形抛光机及抛光方法
CN111673590A (zh) * 2020-06-03 2020-09-18 大连富地重工机械制造有限公司 一种带磨削细长物料打磨装置

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT328169B (de) * 1973-10-09 1976-03-10 Zuckermann Komm Ges Wien Masch Modellkopiermaschine zur herstellung von formteilen aus holz mit vornehmlich unregelmassiger korperform, wie z.b. schuhsohlen, golfschlagern, gewehrschaften u.dgl.
JPS5442114B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1974-05-30 1979-12-12
DE2614843C2 (de) * 1976-04-06 1978-06-22 Maschinenfabrik Zuckermann Kg Wien, Wien Kopierschleifmaschine
DE2657982C2 (de) * 1976-12-21 1985-04-04 Maschinenfabrik Zuckermann GmbH, Wien Maschine zum Bearbeiten von dreidimensional unregelmäßig gestalteten Werkstücken aus Holz im Kopierverfahren
DE2721244C2 (de) * 1977-05-11 1983-04-14 Maschinenfabrik Zuckermann GmbH, 1181 Wien Maschine zum Schleifen konturierter Werkstücke im Kopierverfahren
DE2821788A1 (de) * 1978-05-18 1979-11-22 Zuckermann Kg Maschf Vorrichtung zum kopierbearbeiten eines werkstuecks
JPS5542744A (en) * 1978-09-21 1980-03-26 Ngk Insulators Ltd Contour grinding device
DE2937249A1 (de) 1979-09-14 1981-04-30 Maschinenfabrik Zuckermann Kg, Wien Kopierbearbeitungsmaschine
DE3138982A1 (de) * 1981-09-30 1983-04-14 Maschinenfabrik Zuckermann GmbH, 1181 Wien Vorrichtung zum kopierbearbeiten eines werkstueckes
CH681709A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1990-05-16 1993-05-14 Mikrona Technologie Ag
CN112692689A (zh) * 2021-01-18 2021-04-23 鲁凯鑫 一种用于木材表面加工打磨的设备
EP4043146A1 (en) * 2021-02-15 2022-08-17 Paolino Bacci S.R.L. A numerically controlled multi-spindle lathe with lathe axes lying on a horizontal plane

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1375326A (en) * 1916-11-06 1921-04-19 Charles L Schwarz Copying-lathe
US1494000A (en) * 1921-06-20 1924-05-13 Crawford Mcgregor & Canby Co Cutter-head drive for last lathes
US2854040A (en) * 1955-04-01 1958-09-30 Incoma Spa Automatic copying machine
US3720243A (en) * 1970-07-08 1973-03-13 Zuckermann Kg Maschf Contour-copying apparatus

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DD26895A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) *
FR622728A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1927-06-04
GB190912712A (en) 1909-05-29 1910-05-30 Denzil John Jarvis Improvements applicable to Sand-papering, Grinding and analogous Abrading Machinery.
GB271209A (en) * 1926-03-29 1927-05-26 Bertrand Turner Improvements in the manufacture of electrodes, welding rods and the like
DE524134C (de) * 1930-06-07 1931-05-05 Reinhard Jahn Fa Schleifmaschine fuer Holzrundstaebe
AT138972B (de) * 1931-03-16 1934-10-10 Brueder Winkle Kopierdrehbank zur Herstellung von Schuhleisten u. dgl.
AT170056B (de) * 1949-03-18 1952-01-10 Incoma Spa Kopiermaschine zur Herstellung von spiegelbildlich gleichen Werkstücken nach einem einzigen Modell
DE879374C (de) * 1951-07-01 1953-07-09 Rolf Geiger Kopierfraesmaschine, insbesondere zur Holzbearbeitung
GB700136A (en) * 1951-09-24 1953-11-25 Eugene Fouquet Method and means for copy-grinding
DE1101209B (de) * 1953-11-27 1961-03-02 Eugene Fouquet Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kopierschleifen raeumlicher Flaechen
DE1043161B (de) * 1954-05-10 1958-11-06 Ursula Geiger Geb Rasor Bandschleifvorrichtung fuer eine Kopierfraesmaschine zur Herstellung unregelmaessig geformter unrunder Werkstuecke aus Holz
DE1695475U (de) * 1954-10-14 1955-03-24 Ortwin Krummel Vorrichtung zum schleifen von holzbauteilen.
AT244795B (de) * 1964-02-14 1966-01-25 Zuckermann Komm Ges Wien Masch Maschine zum Schleifen von hölzernen Formteilen
DE1577514C3 (de) * 1966-12-01 1974-10-31 Villeroy & Boch, Keramische Werke, Kg, 6622 Wadgassen Vorrichtung zum Anbringen von Dekorschliffen an Hohlgläsern
DE1922623A1 (de) * 1968-05-16 1969-11-20 Zuckermann Kg Maschf Maschine zum Bearbeiten,insbesondere Schleifen und Polieren,von unregelmaessigen Werkstuecken aus Holz,wie z.B. Stuhlbeinen

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1375326A (en) * 1916-11-06 1921-04-19 Charles L Schwarz Copying-lathe
US1494000A (en) * 1921-06-20 1924-05-13 Crawford Mcgregor & Canby Co Cutter-head drive for last lathes
US2854040A (en) * 1955-04-01 1958-09-30 Incoma Spa Automatic copying machine
US3720243A (en) * 1970-07-08 1973-03-13 Zuckermann Kg Maschf Contour-copying apparatus

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4181165A (en) * 1978-04-06 1980-01-01 True Temper Corporation Manufacture of golf club heads
US4274183A (en) * 1978-05-18 1981-06-23 Maschinenfabrik Zuckermann Komm. Ges. Apparatus for copy-machining of a workpiece
US4627477A (en) * 1984-11-05 1986-12-09 Mahlon Wise Lathe, duplicating
EP0320432A1 (de) * 1987-12-07 1989-06-14 Dimter GmbH Maschinenfabrik Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten der Oberfläche von langgestreckten Werkzeugen
CN108972250A (zh) * 2018-08-27 2018-12-11 湖州吴兴久虹机械有限公司 一种弯曲木砂光机
CN108972250B (zh) * 2018-08-27 2020-11-10 淮北智行信息科技有限公司 一种弯曲木砂光机
CN110935921A (zh) * 2019-12-26 2020-03-31 山西英领智能科技有限公司 一种球面体自动仿形抛光机及抛光方法
CN110935921B (zh) * 2019-12-26 2024-04-23 山西英领智能科技有限公司 一种球面体自动仿形抛光机及抛光方法
CN111673590A (zh) * 2020-06-03 2020-09-18 大连富地重工机械制造有限公司 一种带磨削细长物料打磨装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5134153B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-09-24
AT310026B (de) 1973-09-10
DE2311011A1 (de) 1973-09-13
DE2311011C3 (de) 1981-04-30
JPS492194A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-01-10
DE2311011B2 (de) 1976-04-22

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