US3768999A - Coated wire feeding technique for making addition of components to molten metals - Google Patents

Coated wire feeding technique for making addition of components to molten metals Download PDF

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Publication number
US3768999A
US3768999A US00151523A US3768999DA US3768999A US 3768999 A US3768999 A US 3768999A US 00151523 A US00151523 A US 00151523A US 3768999D A US3768999D A US 3768999DA US 3768999 A US3768999 A US 3768999A
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United States
Prior art keywords
molten metal
molten
components
group
wire
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00151523A
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English (en)
Inventor
M Ohkubo
Imai Ryoichiro
A Masui
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JFE Engineering Corp
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Nippon Kokan Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0056—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 using cored wires
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT The invention relates to the addition of components such as deoxidizing agents, alloying elements and the like to molten metals, particularly molten steel. This is accomplished according to the invention by feeding a wire rod into the molten metal, the wire rod carrying thereon additive components for the molten metal and an organic binder which is not harmful to the molten metal and which decomposes to gaseous products in the molten metal so that the generated gas stirs the molten metal and thus uniformly incorporates the added components throughout the molten metal.
  • a method has been proposed wherein granular or powdery additive agents are blown by means of a gas through a heat resisting pipe inserted into the molten steel. This method does not permit the insertion of additive agents into the molten steel deeper than the length of the pipe. In addition, the control of the speed of addition is difficult and inaccurate.
  • a gaseous additive agent such as nitrogen have been blown through porous refractory materials provided in the bottom of the ladle. This method requires complicated installations and subsequent removal of the porous refractory material.
  • a wirerod which carries, for example by means of a coating, additives for molten metal, e.g. molten steel, and an organic binder, for example a resin binder, which decomposes to gaseous products in the molten metal but which does not contain components harmful to the molten metal is fed into a molten metal bath at a conventional speed, for example 0.1,to m/sec.
  • the organic binder decomposes rapidly with the generation of gas, the additive is released and the molten bath is stirred by the gas so that the additive is uniformly and thoroughly distributed throughout the molten metal.
  • components such as deoxidizing agents, alloying agents, etc.
  • the present invention mainly comprises the introduction into a molten metal bath of a wire rod which carries thereon additive components for the molten metal and an or ganic binder which decomposes to gaseous products in the molten bath, the amount and composition of the-organic binder being such that the same does not harm the molten metal.
  • the speed of feeding the wire rod into the molten metal bath may vary or may remain constant, and is generally maintained at between about 0.1 and 15 m/sec.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the insertion of a wire rod into a molten metal bath in a ladle
  • FIG. 2 shows on the left a transverse cross section and on the right a longitudinal cross section of a coated wire rod of the present invention.
  • a wire 6 is fed into a bath of molten steel 5 in a ladle 4, from. a wire drum 1 by means of a wire feeding device 2 and a guide pipe 3.
  • the wire feeding device 2 is conventional.
  • a wire core 7 is covered with a coating 8 which comprises the additive component or components for the molten metal plus a binder, for example a synthetic resin binder8.
  • the wire 6, comprising the core 7 and coating 8 is fed into the molten metal bath at a speed of 0.1 to 15 m/sec and at the same time a gas, for example, an inert gas, is blown over the surification and of the appended claims.
  • the molten metal bath is shown in the drawing to be in a ladle. However, it may be in a furnace, tundish, pouring stream or mold instead of in a ladle.
  • the wire body is shown to consist of a wire reinforcing center core 7 and the coating comprising powdery additive agents bound by synthetic resins which give flexibility to the wire in the molten steel, in addition to decomposing into gaseous products.
  • the reason forthe use of granular or powdery additive agents is that these can very easily be packed onto the wire core by means of the binder, and the resulting wire body can thus be very easily introduced into the molten bath and thereby provide a high efficiency of the added components.
  • the method of the present invention may be used for the addition of all types of additive elements commonly added to molten metals, and the following are among the examples of suitable additive agents to be used for particular types of additions:
  • NI-I NO Aluminium nitride AIN
  • Ferromanganese nitride Mn-N
  • Fe iron
  • Ca-Si group Calcium addition Calcium silicon group (Ca-Si group) Calcium silicon manganesev group (Ca-Si-Mn group) Calcium silicon aluminium group (Ca-Si-Al group) Calcium silicon magnesium group (Ca-Si-Mg group) or the above also containing iron (Fe).
  • Magnesium addition Magnesium calcium silicon group (Mg-Ca-Si group) Magnesium aluminium group (Mg-Al group) Magnesium silicon group (Mg-Si group) or the above alloys also containing iron (Fe).
  • B group Niobium group (Nb group) Titanium group (Ti group) Misch metal, lanthanum, cerium or the above also containing iron (Fe).
  • Silicon group (Si group) Lithium group (Li group) Manganese group (Mn group) Phosphorus group (P group) Silicon manganese group (Si-Mn group) or the above alloys also containing iron (Fe).
  • the core wire for the wire rod is desirably made of iron, aluminum, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, magnesium, titanium and alloys thereof.
  • the binding agent for binding the additive agent to the wire rod should not only decompose to gaseous products at the temperature of the molten metal bath, but it should be of a material which does not adversely affect the molten metal, i.e. molten steel.
  • the most suitable synthetic resins for this purpose are polytetrafluoroethylene and polymonochlorotrifluoroethylene. In general, any synthetic resin may be used provided that its hydrogen content is such that it will not adversely affect the steel. This will of course depend not only on the particular type of resin, but also on the amount of resin used.
  • Suitable synthetic resin binding agents include: polymerized vinyls and vinylidenes such as polyvinyl chloride and polyvinylidene chloride; polyesters such as the esters of adipic acid with polyalcohols such as ethylene glycol; phenolic resins such as phenol formaldehydes; rubbery polymers such as polymerized butadiene and chlorobutadiene; cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate; polyamides, e.g. the condensation product of hexamethylene diamine with a dicarboxylic acid such as adipic acid; etc.
  • the speed of addition and the amount of addition are easily controlled by means of the present invention so that the reaction is carried out over a wide area of the molten steel, with a high degree of stability.
  • air oxidation and slag oxidation, as well as mechanical loss, are substantially eliminated and a high yield of the added material can be regularly attained.
  • the molten steel has to be stirred by means of a gas pumping process or the like in order to avoid the uneven presence of elements in a stationary pool such as a ladle or a mold.
  • the molten steel is stirred by the gas generated by decomposition of the organic binder, e.g. the synthetic resin so that the additive agents are thus uniformly distributed.
  • the proportion of additive agents to be contained in the mixture of synthetic resin and additive agent can be adjusted as desired because the necessary strength of the wire rod is produced by the wire core.
  • An iron core 7 is coated with granularaluminum nitride and silicon distributed through polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the core 7 and the coating 8 thus forming the wire 6.
  • This wire 6 is wound on a wire drum 1 and is fed by means of a wire feeding device 2 and guide pipe 3 into a molten steel bath 5 contained in a ladle 4 at a constant rate of 10 m/sec.
  • the decomposition of the polytetrafluoroethylene results in gas generation which distributes the granular aluminum nitride and silicon throughout the molten metal bath in a uniform manner.
  • Method of distributing additive components in a molten metal bath which comprises introducing at a speed of about 0.1 15 m/sec into said molten metal bath a flexible metal wire consisting essentially of a metal core, a particulate coating of an additive agent for said metal bath on said metal core and a synthetic resin binder binding said additive agent to said metal core and giving flexibility to said metal wire, said synthetic resin binder decomposing with generation of gas at the temperature of the molten metal bath, the thus generated gas stirring said molten metal bath and thus uniformly distributing said additive agent throughout said molten metal bath.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
US00151523A 1968-10-23 1971-06-09 Coated wire feeding technique for making addition of components to molten metals Expired - Lifetime US3768999A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP7678068 1968-10-23
US05/492,801 US4010028A (en) 1968-10-23 1974-07-29 Bonded calcium carbide article and method for making the same

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3768999A true US3768999A (en) 1973-10-30

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00151523A Expired - Lifetime US3768999A (en) 1968-10-23 1971-06-09 Coated wire feeding technique for making addition of components to molten metals
US05/492,801 Expired - Lifetime US4010028A (en) 1968-10-23 1974-07-29 Bonded calcium carbide article and method for making the same

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/492,801 Expired - Lifetime US4010028A (en) 1968-10-23 1974-07-29 Bonded calcium carbide article and method for making the same

Country Status (6)

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US (2) US3768999A (de)
AT (1) AT315887B (de)
BE (1) BE831644A (de)
DE (1) DE2530455A1 (de)
FR (2) FR2022302A1 (de)
GB (2) GB1233278A (de)

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3871870A (en) * 1973-05-01 1975-03-18 Nippon Kokan Kk Method of adding rare earth metals or their alloys into liquid steel
US3876421A (en) * 1972-11-09 1975-04-08 Nippon Steel Corp Process for desulfurization of molten pig iron
US3921700A (en) * 1974-07-15 1975-11-25 Caterpillar Tractor Co Composite metal article containing additive agents and method of adding same to molten metal
US3947265A (en) * 1973-10-23 1976-03-30 Swiss Aluminium Limited Process of adding alloy ingredients to molten metal
US4010028A (en) * 1968-10-23 1977-03-01 Uniroyal Inc. Bonded calcium carbide article and method for making the same
US4085252A (en) * 1975-04-18 1978-04-18 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Composite wire with a base of cerium and other rare earths
US4088475A (en) * 1976-11-04 1978-05-09 Olin Corporation Addition of reactive elements in powder wire form to copper base alloys
US4088477A (en) * 1976-10-06 1978-05-09 Ford Motor Company Sheathless wire feeding of alloy and inoculant materials
US4094666A (en) * 1977-05-24 1978-06-13 Metal Research Corporation Method for refining molten iron and steels
US4143211A (en) * 1974-05-01 1979-03-06 Nippon Steel Corporation Continuous casting addition material
WO1979000366A1 (en) * 1977-12-12 1979-06-28 Caterpillar Tractor Co Elongate composite article
WO1979000368A1 (en) * 1977-12-12 1979-06-28 Caterpillar Tractor Co Elongate consolidated article and method of making
US4205981A (en) * 1979-02-28 1980-06-03 International Harvester Company Method for ladle treatment of molten cast iron using sheathed magnesium wire
WO1981002310A1 (en) * 1980-02-13 1981-08-20 Caterpillar Tractor Co Filled tubular article and method for casting boron treated steel
US4308056A (en) * 1979-04-27 1981-12-29 Italsider S.P.A. Method and apparatus for introducing solid substances into liquid metals
US4330327A (en) * 1980-10-24 1982-05-18 Olin Corporation Disposable bed filter process and apparatus
US4330328A (en) * 1980-10-24 1982-05-18 Olin Corporation Process and apparatus for making a metal alloy
US4413813A (en) * 1980-10-24 1983-11-08 Olin Corporation Disposable bed filter apparatus
US4481032A (en) * 1983-08-12 1984-11-06 Pfizer Inc. Process for adding calcium to a bath of molten ferrous material
US4784832A (en) * 1984-09-27 1988-11-15 Eckert Charles E Introducing materials into molten media
US4792431A (en) * 1984-09-27 1988-12-20 Aluminum Company Of America Production of intermetallic particles
US4793971A (en) * 1985-12-24 1988-12-27 Aluminum Company Of America Grain refining
US5030577A (en) * 1986-02-07 1991-07-09 Aluminum Company Of America In-line sampling/alloying system and method
US20050274773A1 (en) * 2004-06-10 2005-12-15 Andre Poulalion Cored wire
US20060207387A1 (en) * 2005-03-21 2006-09-21 Soran Timothy F Formed articles including master alloy, and methods of making and using the same
US20090057964A1 (en) * 2007-09-05 2009-03-05 Specialty Minerals (Michigan) Inc. Rotary lance
US20090229195A1 (en) * 2008-03-13 2009-09-17 John Murphy Grave marker grid support system

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2607947C2 (de) * 1976-02-27 1985-03-14 Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen Beschickungseinrichtung
US4875934A (en) * 1987-12-31 1989-10-24 Glenn Canfield Method of deoxidizing molten ferrous metals
DE3818000C2 (de) * 1988-05-27 1994-01-05 Odermath Stahlwerkstechnik Anlage zur Behandlung von Metallschmelzen
DE4103197C2 (de) * 1991-02-02 1993-11-25 Odermath Stahlwerkstechnik Verfahren zur raschen Abkühlung einer Stahlschmelze und dafür geeigneter Draht
EP0511121B1 (de) * 1991-04-02 1996-09-11 Pechiney Electrometallurgie Entschwefelungsmittel für Roheisen, aus Calciumkarbid und organisches Bindemittel
FR2679256B1 (fr) * 1991-07-18 1994-08-12 Pechiney Electrometallurgie Desulfurant pour fonte liquide a base de carbure de calcium agglomere.
FR2711376B1 (fr) * 1993-10-19 1995-11-24 Pechiney Electrometallurgie Fil composite pour l'introduction de magnésium dans un métal liquide.
AUPN015994A0 (en) * 1994-12-20 1995-01-19 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Nitrification inhibitor
US8120168B2 (en) * 2006-03-21 2012-02-21 Promerus Llc Methods and materials useful for chip stacking, chip and wafer bonding
KR100778493B1 (ko) * 2006-11-28 2007-11-28 한국엑스오일 주식회사 대체 유화연료 및 그 제조방법
CN102344994B (zh) * 2011-09-22 2014-03-26 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 脱硫喷枪
US9592470B2 (en) 2014-05-27 2017-03-14 International Business Machines Corporation Sulfur scavenging materials for filters and coatings
US9120899B1 (en) 2014-06-02 2015-09-01 International Business Machines Corporation Preparation of functional polysulfones
US9469660B2 (en) 2014-06-03 2016-10-18 International Business Machines Corporation Sulfur scavenging materials comprising hexahydrotriazine-modified particle
US9656239B2 (en) 2014-06-16 2017-05-23 International Business Machines Corporation Apparatus for controlling metals in liquids
US10080806B2 (en) 2015-08-19 2018-09-25 International Business Machines Corporation Sulfur-containing polymers from hexahydrotriazine and dithiol precursors as a carrier for active agents
RU2723863C1 (ru) * 2019-08-05 2020-06-17 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Новые перспективные продукты Технология Проволока с наполнителем для внепечной обработки металлургических расплавов

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US2595292A (en) * 1949-10-05 1952-05-06 Herbert A Reece Method of adding alloys to metals
US2781260A (en) * 1954-03-06 1957-02-12 Int Nickel Co Process and apparatus for the treatment of molten ferrous alloys
US2882571A (en) * 1956-10-08 1959-04-21 Koppers Co Inc Method of casting metals
GB833098A (en) * 1956-11-09 1960-04-21 Union Carbide Corp Improvements in and relating to the production of alloys
US2997386A (en) * 1958-06-27 1961-08-22 Feichtinger Heinrich Process and apparatus for treating metal melts
US3078531A (en) * 1960-10-05 1963-02-26 American Metallurg Products Co Additives for molten metals
US3158913A (en) * 1961-07-17 1964-12-01 American Metallurg Products Co Method of treating steel
US3212881A (en) * 1962-12-04 1965-10-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Purification of alloys
US3634075A (en) * 1969-01-15 1972-01-11 Kawecki Berylco Ind Introducing a grain refining or alloying agent into molten metals and alloys

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FR1262761A (fr) * 1960-05-10 1961-06-05 Fischer Ag Georg Procédé et installation de traitement de masses métalliques fondues
CH403170A (de) * 1963-07-25 1965-11-30 Concast Ag Verfahren zum Einbringen von Reaktionsmitteln
GB1233278A (de) * 1968-10-23 1971-05-26
US3551139A (en) * 1968-12-20 1970-12-29 Koninklijke Hoogovens En Staal Desulphurizing composition for treating iron melts and method

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2595292A (en) * 1949-10-05 1952-05-06 Herbert A Reece Method of adding alloys to metals
US2781260A (en) * 1954-03-06 1957-02-12 Int Nickel Co Process and apparatus for the treatment of molten ferrous alloys
US2882571A (en) * 1956-10-08 1959-04-21 Koppers Co Inc Method of casting metals
GB833098A (en) * 1956-11-09 1960-04-21 Union Carbide Corp Improvements in and relating to the production of alloys
US2997386A (en) * 1958-06-27 1961-08-22 Feichtinger Heinrich Process and apparatus for treating metal melts
US3078531A (en) * 1960-10-05 1963-02-26 American Metallurg Products Co Additives for molten metals
US3158913A (en) * 1961-07-17 1964-12-01 American Metallurg Products Co Method of treating steel
US3212881A (en) * 1962-12-04 1965-10-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Purification of alloys
US3634075A (en) * 1969-01-15 1972-01-11 Kawecki Berylco Ind Introducing a grain refining or alloying agent into molten metals and alloys

Cited By (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4010028A (en) * 1968-10-23 1977-03-01 Uniroyal Inc. Bonded calcium carbide article and method for making the same
US3876421A (en) * 1972-11-09 1975-04-08 Nippon Steel Corp Process for desulfurization of molten pig iron
US3871870A (en) * 1973-05-01 1975-03-18 Nippon Kokan Kk Method of adding rare earth metals or their alloys into liquid steel
US3947265A (en) * 1973-10-23 1976-03-30 Swiss Aluminium Limited Process of adding alloy ingredients to molten metal
US4143211A (en) * 1974-05-01 1979-03-06 Nippon Steel Corporation Continuous casting addition material
US3921700A (en) * 1974-07-15 1975-11-25 Caterpillar Tractor Co Composite metal article containing additive agents and method of adding same to molten metal
US4085252A (en) * 1975-04-18 1978-04-18 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Composite wire with a base of cerium and other rare earths
US4088477A (en) * 1976-10-06 1978-05-09 Ford Motor Company Sheathless wire feeding of alloy and inoculant materials
US4108637A (en) * 1976-10-06 1978-08-22 Ford Motor Company Sheathed wire feeding of alloy and inoculant materials
US4088475A (en) * 1976-11-04 1978-05-09 Olin Corporation Addition of reactive elements in powder wire form to copper base alloys
US4094666A (en) * 1977-05-24 1978-06-13 Metal Research Corporation Method for refining molten iron and steels
WO1979000366A1 (en) * 1977-12-12 1979-06-28 Caterpillar Tractor Co Elongate composite article
WO1979000368A1 (en) * 1977-12-12 1979-06-28 Caterpillar Tractor Co Elongate consolidated article and method of making
US4205981A (en) * 1979-02-28 1980-06-03 International Harvester Company Method for ladle treatment of molten cast iron using sheathed magnesium wire
US4308056A (en) * 1979-04-27 1981-12-29 Italsider S.P.A. Method and apparatus for introducing solid substances into liquid metals
WO1981002310A1 (en) * 1980-02-13 1981-08-20 Caterpillar Tractor Co Filled tubular article and method for casting boron treated steel
US4413813A (en) * 1980-10-24 1983-11-08 Olin Corporation Disposable bed filter apparatus
US4330327A (en) * 1980-10-24 1982-05-18 Olin Corporation Disposable bed filter process and apparatus
US4330328A (en) * 1980-10-24 1982-05-18 Olin Corporation Process and apparatus for making a metal alloy
US4481032A (en) * 1983-08-12 1984-11-06 Pfizer Inc. Process for adding calcium to a bath of molten ferrous material
US4784832A (en) * 1984-09-27 1988-11-15 Eckert Charles E Introducing materials into molten media
US4792431A (en) * 1984-09-27 1988-12-20 Aluminum Company Of America Production of intermetallic particles
US4793971A (en) * 1985-12-24 1988-12-27 Aluminum Company Of America Grain refining
US5030577A (en) * 1986-02-07 1991-07-09 Aluminum Company Of America In-line sampling/alloying system and method
US7906747B2 (en) 2004-06-10 2011-03-15 Affival Cored wire
US20050274773A1 (en) * 2004-06-10 2005-12-15 Andre Poulalion Cored wire
CN102392146A (zh) * 2005-03-21 2012-03-28 Ati资产公司 一种含中间合金的成形制品及其制备和使用方法
US7700038B2 (en) 2005-03-21 2010-04-20 Ati Properties, Inc. Formed articles including master alloy, and methods of making and using the same
WO2006101539A1 (en) * 2005-03-21 2006-09-28 Ati Properties, Inc. Formed articles including master alloy, and methods of making and using the same
US20060207387A1 (en) * 2005-03-21 2006-09-21 Soran Timothy F Formed articles including master alloy, and methods of making and using the same
CN101146919B (zh) * 2005-03-21 2013-07-10 Ati资产公司 一种含中间合金的成形制品及其制备和使用方法
EP2305843A3 (de) * 2005-03-21 2013-07-24 ATI Properties, Inc. Verfahren zum Anpassen der Elementar-Zusammensetzung einer Metallschmelze
EP2305842A3 (de) * 2005-03-21 2013-07-24 ATI Properties, Inc. Verfahren zum Herstellen und benutzen geformter Artikel, die eine Vorlegierung enthalten
CN102392146B (zh) * 2005-03-21 2014-11-05 Ati资产公司 一种含中间合金的成形制品及其制备和使用方法
US20090057964A1 (en) * 2007-09-05 2009-03-05 Specialty Minerals (Michigan) Inc. Rotary lance
US7736415B2 (en) 2007-09-05 2010-06-15 Specialty Minerals (Michigan) Inc. Rotary lance
US20090229195A1 (en) * 2008-03-13 2009-09-17 John Murphy Grave marker grid support system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4010028A (en) 1977-03-01
AT315887B (de) 1974-05-15
AU8230275A (en) 1976-12-23
DE1953410A1 (de) 1970-11-12
DE1953410B2 (de) 1975-10-02
BE831644A (fr) 1976-01-23
GB1509033A (en) 1978-04-26
FR2022302A1 (de) 1970-07-31
FR2280710B1 (de) 1980-01-25
GB1233278A (de) 1971-05-26
FR2280710A1 (fr) 1976-02-27
DE2530455A1 (de) 1976-02-12

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