US3078531A - Additives for molten metals - Google Patents
Additives for molten metals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3078531A US3078531A US60551A US6055160A US3078531A US 3078531 A US3078531 A US 3078531A US 60551 A US60551 A US 60551A US 6055160 A US6055160 A US 6055160A US 3078531 A US3078531 A US 3078531A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- mold
- atmosphere
- polytetrafluorethylene
- teeming
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 33
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 33
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title description 5
- -1 POLYTETRAFLUORETHYLENE Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 4
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002925 chemical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
Definitions
- solid polytetrafluorethylene may be used in molten metals for reducing the content of undesirable gases, increasing the fluidity of the moltenmass, fluxing and eliminating both high and low melting point inclusions and improving the surface conditions of the resulting solidified metal.
- the subject of this invention can perhaps be best understood by reference to the following examples:
- Example I About three ounces per ton of small pebbles of polytetrafluorethylene were placed in the bottom of an uncoated ingot mold in four-ounce bags. A cover plate was fitted over the ingot mold to restrict the opening into the mold to a 6" diameter opening. Molten steel was teemed into the mold through the hole in the cover plate onto the pebbles of polytetrafluorethylene. Black smoke began to appear almost at once and continued as teeming progressed. When the black smoke appeared to be diminishing, additional pebbles of polytetrafluorethylene were added by throwing them in through the opening in the cover plate until a total of about five ounces per ton had been added.
- the resulting ingot was compared with a similar ingot poured in the usual fashion.
- the ingot treated according to the above described process had much less titanate and aluminate inclusion and yielded about 60% to 65% of the ingot as shippable quality as compared with about 45% for the conventional ingot.
- Example II Steel was poured into an uncoated ingot mold in the usual manner.
- annular rings of polytetrafluorethylene were added.
- the rings were added by means of a device such as that illustrated and described in our copending application Serial No. 632,110 filed January 2, 1957, now abandoned.
- An annular ring of polytetrafluorethylene is mounted on the end of a bar of steel by means of a bolt passing through the central opening of the ring and threadingly engaging the end of the steel bar.
- An enlarged steel portion is provided on the opposite end of the steel bar to add weight and stability to the unit so that the ring of polytetrafluorethylene may be satisfactorily positioned in the molten metal.
- Example III A Phosphor bronze containing 90% copper and 10% aluminum was treated with approximately 4 ounces of 3,078,531 Patented Feb, 26, 1.963
- a method of treating metals to improve fluidity and reduce inclusions comprising the steps of teeming the molten metal in the usual manner through the atmosphere and free from previous inert gas and fluoride purge into a mold open to the atmosphere and free of inert gas cover through a restricted opening in the mold and add ing to the metal during teeming in the mold about /2 oz. to about 8 oz. of solid polytetrafluorethylene per ton of metal.
- a method of treating steel to improve fluidity and reduce inclusions comprising the steps of teeming the molten metal in the usual manner through the atmosphere and free from previous inert gas and fluoride purge into a mold open to the atmosphere and free of inert gas cover through a restricted opening in the mold and adding to the metal during teeming in the mold about 4 oz. of solid polytetrafluorethylene per ton of metal.
- a method of treating metals to improve fluidity and reduce inclusions comprising the steps of teeming the molten metal into a mold in the usual manner through the atmosphere and free from previous inert gas and fluoride purge into a mold open to the atmosphere and adding to the metal during teeming about 6 oz. to about 8 oz. of polytetrafiuorethylene per ton of metal.
- a method of treating i'netals to improve fluidity and reduce inclusions comprising the steps of teeming the molten metal in the usual manner through the atmosphere into a mold open to the atmosphere and containing about /2 oz. to about 8 oz. of solid polytetrafiuorethylene per ton of metal whereby the solid polytetrafluorethylene is fused and gasified and reacts with inclusions in the metal to remove them as the metal is teemed.
- a method of treating metals to improve fluidity and reduce inclusions comprising the steps of teeming the molten metal in the usual manner through the atmosphere into a mold open to the atmosphere and adding to the molten stream entering the mold about /2 oz. to 8 oz. of solid polytetrafluorethylene per ton of metal.
Description
United States Patent 3,078,531 ADDITIVES FOR MOLTEN METALS Wilbur T. Bolkcom and William E. Knapp, Allison Park,
Pa., assignors to American Metallurgical Products Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
No Drawing. Filed Oct. 5, 1960, Ser. No. 60,551 5 Claims. (Cl. 22-215) This invention relates to additives for molten metals and particularly to additives and methods for making additions of organic fluorides to molten metals and is a continuation-in-part of our copending application Serial No. 632,005, filed January 2, 1957, now abandoned. The elimination of impurities in the form of inclusions and dissolved materials has long been a problem in the metal industry. For example, the removal of gases such as hydrogen and the fluxing of inclusions causes heavy losses in metal production because of the necessity of removing and discarding large portions of ingots in order to eliminate these undesirable components. We have found that solid polytetrafluorethylene may be used in molten metals for reducing the content of undesirable gases, increasing the fluidity of the moltenmass, fluxing and eliminating both high and low melting point inclusions and improving the surface conditions of the resulting solidified metal. The subject of this invention can perhaps be best understood by reference to the following examples:
Example I About three ounces per ton of small pebbles of polytetrafluorethylene were placed in the bottom of an uncoated ingot mold in four-ounce bags. A cover plate was fitted over the ingot mold to restrict the opening into the mold to a 6" diameter opening. Molten steel was teemed into the mold through the hole in the cover plate onto the pebbles of polytetrafluorethylene. Black smoke began to appear almost at once and continued as teeming progressed. When the black smoke appeared to be diminishing, additional pebbles of polytetrafluorethylene were added by throwing them in through the opening in the cover plate until a total of about five ounces per ton had been added. The resulting ingot was compared with a similar ingot poured in the usual fashion. The ingot treated according to the above described process had much less titanate and aluminate inclusion and yielded about 60% to 65% of the ingot as shippable quality as compared with about 45% for the conventional ingot.
Example II Steel was poured into an uncoated ingot mold in the usual manner. During pouring annular rings of polytetrafluorethylene were added. The rings were added by means of a device such as that illustrated and described in our copending application Serial No. 632,110 filed January 2, 1957, now abandoned. An annular ring of polytetrafluorethylene is mounted on the end of a bar of steel by means of a bolt passing through the central opening of the ring and threadingly engaging the end of the steel bar. An enlarged steel portion is provided on the opposite end of the steel bar to add weight and stability to the unit so that the ring of polytetrafluorethylene may be satisfactorily positioned in the molten metal.
Example III A Phosphor bronze containing 90% copper and 10% aluminum was treated with approximately 4 ounces of 3,078,531 Patented Feb, 26, 1.963
drogen, after treatment the same bronze contained only 6' parts per million of hydrogen. The treated bronze was denser and free from porosity as well as being much more flowable than the untreated bronze.
We have found that the practice of our invention will reduce the hydrogen and oxygen, increase fluidity, in, crease yields and provide better surface conditions in steel in both hot and cold conditions. We have also found that the additive of our invention has particular advantage in the magnesium industry in promoting a finer and more consistently controlled grain size.
We believe that the surprising success of our treatment results from two types of effects: (1) Physical effects such as the replacement of oxygen in the ingot mold by an active gas contained within the cover plate and the elfect of gas escaping through the cover plate around the teemed stream of metal so as to form a protective shield while the metal travels between the ladle and the ingot and increased fluidity or reduced surface tension so that high melting point inclusions levitate, and (2) Chemical effects such as reaction with and reduction in nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen in the metal. These effects all appear to be supported by the physical indications and appearance of steel ingots. Successful treatment according to our invention is accompanied by extraordinary amounts of dirt, dross and like refuse coming to the top of the molten ingot, indicating that the polytetrafluorethylene has not simply formed a protective atmosphere but has entered into a chemical reaction with the oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen carried from the furnace and otherwise forming undesirable inclusions in the steel. This is a highly desirable result, not achieved by merely casting in a protective atmosphere but achieved by the practice of our invention. Upon stripping, the ingot will have an extraordinary smooth skin. Comparison of treated and untreated ingots shows a great difference in acid soluble and insoluble titanium, aluminum and zirconium. We accordingly believe that our theory is correct but do not wish to be bound thereby.
We have foundv that the use of polytetrafluorethylene as described herein will produce improved surfaces on metal ingots thus requiring less conditioning and better yields. We have also found that there is a very marked reduction in inclusions and in the elimination or control of hydrogen and oxygen.
While we have set out certain preferred practices and materials according to our invention, it will be understood that the invention may be otherwise practiced within the scope of the following claims.
We claim:
1. A method of treating metals to improve fluidity and reduce inclusions comprising the steps of teeming the molten metal in the usual manner through the atmosphere and free from previous inert gas and fluoride purge into a mold open to the atmosphere and free of inert gas cover through a restricted opening in the mold and add ing to the metal during teeming in the mold about /2 oz. to about 8 oz. of solid polytetrafluorethylene per ton of metal.
2. A method of treating steel to improve fluidity and reduce inclusions comprising the steps of teeming the molten metal in the usual manner through the atmosphere and free from previous inert gas and fluoride purge into a mold open to the atmosphere and free of inert gas cover through a restricted opening in the mold and adding to the metal during teeming in the mold about 4 oz. of solid polytetrafluorethylene per ton of metal.
3. A method of treating metals to improve fluidity and reduce inclusions comprising the steps of teeming the molten metal into a mold in the usual manner through the atmosphere and free from previous inert gas and fluoride purge into a mold open to the atmosphere and adding to the metal during teeming about 6 oz. to about 8 oz. of polytetrafiuorethylene per ton of metal.
4. A method of treating i'netals to improve fluidity and reduce inclusions comprising the steps of teeming the molten metal in the usual manner through the atmosphere into a mold open to the atmosphere and containing about /2 oz. to about 8 oz. of solid polytetrafiuorethylene per ton of metal whereby the solid polytetrafluorethylene is fused and gasified and reacts with inclusions in the metal to remove them as the metal is teemed.
5. A method of treating metals to improve fluidity and reduce inclusions comprising the steps of teeming the molten metal in the usual manner through the atmosphere into a mold open to the atmosphere and adding to the molten stream entering the mold about /2 oz. to 8 oz. of solid polytetrafluorethylene per ton of metal.
UNITED STATES PATENTS Wright July 12, 1910 Stroup Apr, 23, 1935 Stroup Oct. 6, 1936 Webbere Nov. 20, 1956 FOREIGN PATENTS Austria Aug. 24, 1951 Belgium June 30, 1951 Great Britain Mar. 19, 1931 Great Britain June 10, 1948 Great Britain Oct. 29, 1958
Claims (1)
1. A METHOD OF TREATING METALS TO IMPROVE FLUIDITY AND REDUCE INCLUSIONS COMPARSING THE STEPS OF TEEMING THE MOLTEN METAL IN THE USUAL MANNER THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE AND FREE FROM PREVIOUS INERT MANNER THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE A MOLD OPEN TO THE ATMOSPHERE AND FREE OF INERT GAS COVER THROUGH A RESTRICTED OPENING IN THE MOLD AND ADDING TO THE METAL DURING TEEMING IN THE MOLD ABOUT 1/2 OZ. TO ABOUT 8 OZ. OF SOLID POLYTETRAFLUORETHYLENE PER TON OF METAL.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US60551A US3078531A (en) | 1960-10-05 | 1960-10-05 | Additives for molten metals |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US60551A US3078531A (en) | 1960-10-05 | 1960-10-05 | Additives for molten metals |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3078531A true US3078531A (en) | 1963-02-26 |
Family
ID=22030225
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US60551A Expired - Lifetime US3078531A (en) | 1960-10-05 | 1960-10-05 | Additives for molten metals |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3078531A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3158913A (en) * | 1961-07-17 | 1964-12-01 | American Metallurg Products Co | Method of treating steel |
| US3272667A (en) * | 1964-12-10 | 1966-09-13 | Du Pont | Submerged arc welding process and flux composition utilizing fluorocarbon |
| US3282680A (en) * | 1963-10-01 | 1966-11-01 | Olin Mathieson | Process of degassing copper alloys |
| US3321006A (en) * | 1963-11-13 | 1967-05-23 | American Metallurg Products Co | Methods of treating metal |
| US3436209A (en) * | 1966-10-31 | 1969-04-01 | Metallurg Exoproducts Corp | Production of rimmed steels |
| US3768999A (en) * | 1968-10-23 | 1973-10-30 | Nippon Kokan Kk | Coated wire feeding technique for making addition of components to molten metals |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE503905A (en) * | ||||
| US963973A (en) * | 1906-02-23 | 1910-07-12 | American Steel Foundries | Process for introducing modifying elements into castings. |
| GB345047A (en) * | 1930-02-14 | 1931-03-19 | British & Dominions Feralloy L | Improvements relating to the casting of metals or alloys |
| US1998467A (en) * | 1934-06-30 | 1935-04-23 | Aluminum Co Of America | Method of treating aluminum-base alloys |
| US2056234A (en) * | 1935-01-10 | 1936-10-06 | Aluminum Co Of America | Degassing molten aluminum and its alloys |
| GB603213A (en) * | 1945-07-24 | 1948-06-10 | Foundry Services Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the degassing of metals or metal alloys |
| AT168831B (en) * | 1938-05-02 | 1951-08-25 | Inland Steel Co | Method and apparatus for introducing lead molten steel |
| US2770860A (en) * | 1952-07-23 | 1956-11-20 | Gen Motors Corp | Casting readily oxidizable alloys |
| GB803493A (en) * | 1956-05-23 | 1958-10-29 | Foundry Services Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the degassing of metals and alloys |
-
1960
- 1960-10-05 US US60551A patent/US3078531A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE503905A (en) * | ||||
| US963973A (en) * | 1906-02-23 | 1910-07-12 | American Steel Foundries | Process for introducing modifying elements into castings. |
| GB345047A (en) * | 1930-02-14 | 1931-03-19 | British & Dominions Feralloy L | Improvements relating to the casting of metals or alloys |
| US1998467A (en) * | 1934-06-30 | 1935-04-23 | Aluminum Co Of America | Method of treating aluminum-base alloys |
| US2056234A (en) * | 1935-01-10 | 1936-10-06 | Aluminum Co Of America | Degassing molten aluminum and its alloys |
| AT168831B (en) * | 1938-05-02 | 1951-08-25 | Inland Steel Co | Method and apparatus for introducing lead molten steel |
| GB603213A (en) * | 1945-07-24 | 1948-06-10 | Foundry Services Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the degassing of metals or metal alloys |
| US2770860A (en) * | 1952-07-23 | 1956-11-20 | Gen Motors Corp | Casting readily oxidizable alloys |
| GB803493A (en) * | 1956-05-23 | 1958-10-29 | Foundry Services Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the degassing of metals and alloys |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3158913A (en) * | 1961-07-17 | 1964-12-01 | American Metallurg Products Co | Method of treating steel |
| US3282680A (en) * | 1963-10-01 | 1966-11-01 | Olin Mathieson | Process of degassing copper alloys |
| US3321006A (en) * | 1963-11-13 | 1967-05-23 | American Metallurg Products Co | Methods of treating metal |
| US3272667A (en) * | 1964-12-10 | 1966-09-13 | Du Pont | Submerged arc welding process and flux composition utilizing fluorocarbon |
| US3436209A (en) * | 1966-10-31 | 1969-04-01 | Metallurg Exoproducts Corp | Production of rimmed steels |
| US3768999A (en) * | 1968-10-23 | 1973-10-30 | Nippon Kokan Kk | Coated wire feeding technique for making addition of components to molten metals |
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